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Guadalupian Brachiopods from Western Taurus, Turkey V

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Guadalupian Brachiopods from Western Taurus, Turkey V GUADALUPIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM WESTERN TAURUS, TURKEY V. Verna, Lucia Angiolini, S. Crasquin, Alda Nicora To cite this version: V. Verna, Lucia Angiolini, S. Crasquin, Alda Nicora. GUADALUPIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM WESTERN TAURUS, TURKEY. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 2011. mnhn-02326921 HAL Id: mnhn-02326921 https://hal-mnhn.archives-ouvertes.fr/mnhn-02326921 Submitted on 22 Oct 2019 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia volume 117 no. 1 6 pls. pp. 51-104 April 2011 GUADALUPIAN BRACHIOPODS FROM WESTERN TAURUS, TURKEY V. VERNA 1, L. ANGIOLINI1, A. BAUD 2, S. CRASQUIN 3 & A. NICORA1 Received: October 10, 2010; accepted: February 23, 2011 Key-words: Brachiopoda, new genera and species, Turkey, della Formazione Pamuçak affiorante lungo i versanti del Çürük Dag˘, peri-Gondwana, end-Guadalupian crisis, conodonts. Antalya (Turchia), di età Guadalupiana. Vengono inoltre riportati e illustrati i conodonti associati alle faune a brachiopodi. Abstract. Here we describe 41 brachiopod species belonging to I taxa descritti comprendono sia forme attaccate al substra- the orders Productida, Orthotetida, Orthida, Rhynchonellida, Athy- to tramite peduncolo che generi concavo-convessi, liberi e semi-in- ridida, Spiriferida, Spiriferinida, and Terebratulida coming from the faunali. Questa distribuzione di stili di vita suggerisce che l’energia Guadalupian lower-middle part of the Pamuçak Formation at Çürük idrodinamica dell’ambiente non fosse mai elevata, ma caratteristica Dag˘, Antalya (Western Taurus, Turkey). Associated conodonts are di ambienti posti al di sotto del livello di base dell’onda normale o also reported and illustrated. di retroscogliera e piattaforma interna protetta. I brachiopodi della The brachiopod taxa are either pedicle attached genera, with Formazione Pamuçak risultano estremamente simili alle faune di età one genus also stabilized by penetration of its elongate umbo, or free Wordiana dell’Oman sudorientale; sono inoltre simili alle associazioni living concavo-convex semi-infaunal genera; this indicates that the Guadalupiane di Chios, dell’Iran settentrionale, della Tailandia meri- energy of the environment was never very high, as in settings just dionale e del Salt Range, mentre hanno solo pochi taxa in comune con below the fair weather wave-base or in a back-reef, more protected le faune coeve dell’Afghanistan centrale e del Karakorum. Questo per- inner platform. The brachiopods from the Pamuçak Formation are mette di affermare che l’affinità biotica delle associazioni a brachio- very similar to the Wordian fauna of southeastern Oman, and they are podi della Formazione di Pamuçak è chiaramente peri-Gondwaniana. similar to the Guadalupian assemblages of Chios, North Iran, South La distribuzione dei brachiopodi nelle sezioni di Çürük Dag˘ ri- Thailand, and Salt Range. In comparison they share only a few taxa veste un importante ruolo nell’interpretazione della crisi biotica di fine with the Guadalupian faunas of Central Afghanistan and Karakorum. Guadalupiano. Le associazioni di età Wordiano-Capitaniano, ovvero Therefore the biotic affinity of the Guadalupian brachiopods of the quelle che precedono la crisi, sono caratterizzate da un’alta biodiversi- Pamuçak Formation is clearly peri-Gondwanan. tà e comprendono quasi totalmente generi e specie del Guadalupiano, The brachiopod record at Çürük Dag˘ has implications for un- oltre ad una specie che è nota sinora solo nel Lopingiano. La loro di- derstanding the pattern of the end-Guadalupian (pre-Lopingian) bi- stribuzione stratigrafica viene bruscamente troncata a ca. 500 m dalla otic crisis. The pre-Lopingian crisis assemblages are quite diverse and base della formazione; i 120 m di serie successivi comprendono calcari nearly totally consist of Guadalupian genera and species except for a di acque basse privi di macrofaune, al di sopra dei quali compaiono taxa single Lopingian incomer. Their stratigraphic range terminates rather Lopingiani che formano associazioni a bassa e molto bassa biodiversità. abruptly and the following 120 metres of shallow water limestones Queste modalità di estinzione e della successiva ripresa sono diverse da are barren of brachiopods, after which there is the first occurrence quanto si osserva in altre località, in particolare in Cina meridionale, of Lopingian brachiopod taxa, which show a much lower biodiver- e mettono in evidenza che la crisi di fine Guadalupiano non è caratte- sity. This pattern is different from that observed in South China and rizzata solo da selettività tassonomica, ma anche da un forte controllo it shows that the end-Guadalupian crisis is not only characterized by locale sulle modalità di estinzione e ripresa di alcuni gruppi fossili. taxonomic selectivity, but also by a strong local control on the extinc- tion/recovery pattern of some groups. Riassunto. Nel presente lavoro vengono descritte 41 specie di Introduction brachiopodi appartenenti agli ordini Productida, Orthotetida, Orthi- da, Rhynchonellida, Athyridida, Spiriferida, Spiriferinida e Terebratu- The aim of this paper is to systematically describe lida, provenienti dalla parte medio-bassa della piattaforma carbonatica the brachiopod assemblages collected bed-by-bed in 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra “A. Desio’’, Via Mangiagalli 34, 20133 Milano, Italy. 2 Baud Geological Consultant, Parc de la Rouvraie 28, CH-1018 Lausanne, Switzerland. 3 Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Laboratoire de Micropaléontologie, T.46-56, Case 104, 4 Place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France. 52 Verna V., Angiolini L., Baud A., Crasquin S. & Nicora A. the lower to middle part of the Pamuçak Formation palaeobiogeographic reconstruction of the region will of the Antalya Nappes complex in the Taurus Range, be addressed in details in a following paper. Turkey, and discuss their stratigraphic significance. The Lopingian brachiopods from the upper part of the for- mation have been already described by Angiolini et al. Geological setting (2007). This study increases the knowledge of Guada- lupian brachiopods from the Neotethyan margins The Çürük Dag˘ composite section crops out which are important to understand the pattern of the southwest of Antalya and it belongs to the Antalya end-Guadalupian (pre-Lopingian) biotic crisis (i.e. Jin Nappes complex of the western Taurus Range (Fig. et al. 1994; Clapham et al. 2009). Recent studies (Iso- 1). The western Taurus consists of a stack of carbon- zaki & Aljinovich 2009; Shen & Shi 2009) have in fact ate platform successions including the so-called au- shown that several fossil groups, including large fusuli- tochtonous and parautochthonous units, which are nids, giant bivalves, rugose corals, and brachiopods, overthrust by ophiolitic nappes and slope to basinal underwent extinction before the Guadalupian-Loping- sedimentary allochthonous units (Marcoux 1977, 1979; ian chronostratigraphic boundary with different tim- Ricou et al. 1979). The platform units, cropping out in ing of extinction in several palaeogeographic settings, tectonic windows below the thrust sheets system, are stretching from Tunisia and Croatia in the Tethyan Cambrian to Miocene in age (Ricou et al. 1975). Their Gulf to South China and then Japan in the Panthalas- sedimentological and palaeontological records belong sa. The causes for this pattern of extinction and taxo- to Gondwana according to Ricou et al. (1975) and Gut- nomic selectivity are still not clear and may involve the nic et al. (1979), forming the so-called “Axe calcaire du Signor-Lipps effect, local facies changes (Shen & Zhang Taurus”. 2008; Shen & Shi 2009), and/or temperature drop of The Antalya Nappes complex has been sub- seawater coupled with eutrophication (Isozaki & Alji- divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Nappes, novich 2009). and each of these is further subdivided into tectonic The systematic study of the brachiopods from units (Lefèvre 1967; Marcoux & Lefèvre 1970; Mar- the Pamuçak Formation is also important because it coux 1977, 1979; Brunn et al. 1971). They overlay the provides the base to establish their palaebiogeographi- Beydag˘ları parautochthonous platform sequences (see cal affinity and thus add new data for understanding Moix et al. 2008, fig. 11). the debated provenance of the Antalya Nappes (Ricou The Çürük Dag˘ locality belongs to the Kemer et al. 1975, 1979, 1984; Marcoux et al. 1989; Stampfli Gorge Unit (Marcoux 1979) of the Upper Antalya et al. 1991; Robertson et al. 2003; Moix et al. 2008). A Nappes. The origin of the Antalya Nappes and their Fig. 1 - Geological sketch map of the Western Taurus show- ing the location of the Çürük Dag˘ composite section at N36°41’32-E30°27’40, 1425 m a.s.l. Guadalupian brachiopods from Western Taurus, Turkey 53 Fig. 2 - Log of the Çürük Dag˘ com- posite section, 1050-m thick. (Baud and Marcoux, unpub- lished log). relationships to the Taurus Autochthon/Parautoch- the Taurus Terrane, but made of exotic elements of the thon (Beydag˘ları Unit) are
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