Karin Andersson.Pdf

Karin Andersson · Selma Brynolf J. Fredrik Lindgren Magda Wilewska-Bien Editors Shipping and the Environment Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation Shipping and the Environment Karin Andersson • Selma Brynolf J. Fredrik Lindgren • Magda Wilewska-Bien Editors Shipping and the Environment Improving Environmental Performance in Marine Transportation 123 Editors Karin Andersson J. Fredrik Lindgren Shipping and Marine Technology Shipping and Marine Technology Chalmers University of Technology Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Sweden Selma Brynolf Magda Wilewska-Bien Shipping and Marine Technology Shipping and Marine Technology Chalmers University of Technology Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden Sweden ISBN 978-3-662-49043-3 ISBN 978-3-662-49045-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-662-49045-7 Library of Congress Control Number: 2015959585 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2016 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. Printed on acid-free paper This Springer imprint is published by SpringerNature The registered company is Springer-Verlag GmbH Berlin Heidelberg Foreword This book provides a timely and focused contribution to broader understanding of environmental impacts and pollution prevention measures of maritime transport. As a researcher and colleague in the interdisciplinary effort to help identify, charac- terise, and address compelling challenges with regard to maritime vessel operations, I thank the editors and commend the authors and contributors for their timely and carefully developed text. Readers may think I was invited to contribute this foreword because of two decades work pioneering research in several areas that are now mature enough to merit chapters in modern maritime texts such as these. Perhaps that explanation works. However, this foreword may also be considered as the reflections of a sailor, a merchant marine engineering officer, whose original training included how to operate very few devices designed primarily for pollution control. One of them was an engine-room periscope that could view a light bulb through a boiler stack only if the visible smoke was minimised. “The smoke periscope is a simple arrangement of mirrors and a light bulb which shines across the uptakes, giving the operator an indication of the opacity of the combustion gasses. It is difficult to distinguish between white and black smoke with the periscope” (source: Massachusetts Mer- chant Marine Academy training manual, circa 1986–99). In fact, the ability to minimise smoke was also a means to achieving more complete combustion, thereby improving fuel consumption. In retrospect, my research as a science and technology policy analyst focused on twenty-first-century innovation in maritime and freight systems is bound to those few years operating the world’s largest moving power plants aboard merchant ships at the start of my career. Similarly, this text connects shipping and maritime operations with current scientific, policy, and technology knowledge about our natural environment. The book may appeal to the next generation of maritime professionals, some who may staff watch aboard a new fleet of ships designed for environmental stewardship as well as economic service under challenging and changing sea conditions. The chapters may inform you scientists working to understand changing ocean and coastal environments where the impacts of shipping are part of the ambient conditions they observe. The text may also serve as a launching point for policy makers and maritime business leaders looking to navigate global shipping towards cleaner seas, skies, and shorelines. Mutual understanding is needed among those who v vi Foreword design and operate integrated systems aboard ships and those who care about the coupled natural–human systems in our world. Students and professionals using this text may share at least one attribute: the motivation to act upon good information to achieve better understanding and improve performance. This text is designed to assist today’s mariners, environmental scientists, and regulatory administrators in this regard. By connecting a brief historic overview of shipping and environment with some fundamental introduction to environmental impacts, the book introduces pollution prevention measures focused on energy efficiency, discharge and emission controls, and tools for better environmental management. One thing is certainly different since my days operating ship power systems: It is no longer sufficient to view environmental stewardship through a periscope. Today’s professionals will see a changing ocean system, affected by increasing human activity along coastlines and shipping lanes. Some of us will witness and others of us will invent new and better ship systems that safely deliver cargoes with better attention to environmental stewardship. And these innovations will partly depend upon policy signals that identify the needs for timely new achievements in ship performance, port operations, and the world supply chains. This text con- tributes to a better understanding of shipping and environment, and expands the horizons for twenty-first-century shipping. James J. Corbett Ph.D., Professor of Marine Science and Policy Former Merchant Marine Officer, and Graduate of the California Maritime Academy Preface How come we wrote a book? I guess this is what you ask yourself when a large manuscript is ready for print. I have seen colleagues write textbooks a number of times during my years as a university teacher. Each time I have concluded that book-writing is a very large and time-consuming challenge and I have promised myself that I will never do it. Still—now the book is obviously there, and in some way it has happened. One conclusion is that you should not try to write a book on your own—the combined work of a group is what drives the work forward, increases quality, and provides challenging discussions. This book is really a cooperative project that has grown more or less by itself, although I do not know if we all tell the same story of how it started. The writing process was initiated by the need for a textbook to be used in courses at the department of Shipping and Marine Technology. Furthermore, we had a need to meet the demand of providing information and answering questions from shipping companies and authorities. Before starting the main work, we had the opportunity to perform a “verification project” where we made a survey of need in target groups among students as well as in the shipping industry. A book on shipping and the environment will involve a large number of disciplines and competences. The diversity in research focus and expertise of the people working at the department of Shipping and Marine Technology at Chalmers and at the department of Law at Gothenburg University was a good starting con- dition. The authors come from many different scientific backgrounds; engineers of different disciplines, marine scientists as well as scientists working with legal research, and we have all learnt a lot from each other during the project. The efforts in writing texts as well as in reading and discussing other author’s text are greatly acknowledged. Thanks to all my co-authors. There are also a number of people who have been reading parts of the text and been providing specific expertise and input. Thank you all. Special thanks to my co-editors, Selma Brynolf, Fredrik Lindgren, and Magda Wilewska-Bien, for their never-ending patience and ambition in making the manuscript consistent and correct and also in gently reminding the rest of us that it is time to deliver. You are the heroes of the book project. Important prerequisites for the book have been the Lighthouse maritime com- petence centre and the Chalmers Area of Advance Transport. The Lighthouse vii viii Preface funding for senior scientists and doctorate students as well as the contribution to funding of senior scientists from the Area of Advance has given us the possibility to work on the manuscript. In the “verification project”, we got practical support and funding by Innovationskontor Väst (Chalmers Innovation Office). So, finally, when summer is over and the autumn storms are approaching the Swedish west coast, the manuscript is ready for print. We all hope that it will turn out to be useful to the readers and contribute to make shipping at least a little more sustainable. Gothenburg Karin Andersson September 2015 Acknowledgments The authors would

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