Ken Sakamura

2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

TRON Project 30th Anniversary and Its Future Outlook Embedded systems technology to support the utilization of the IoT big data and future plan for T-Engine

Ken Sakamura

Professor, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Studies, The University of Tokyo

Director of YRP Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory

Chair of T-Engine Forum / uID Center 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary ① TRON Project The Real-time Operating system Nucleus

The 30th anniversary in 2014 One of the longest lasting projects related to Japanese computing

What is TRON?

RTOS for system control, and has different basic architecture from Windows and Linux RTOS: Real-Time Operating System

“HAYABUSA” (MUSES-C), an asteroid explorer

“IKAROS, ” Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun

4 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary TRON Project’s Root Is in Embedded Systems

5 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

② 30 Years of TRON

Started in 1984

Historical Background at the Time

③ Future Design

How the Society Will Change Based on Newly Available Computers?

Design of Future Computers

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 16 The Latest PC, Camcorder,2014 TRON VideoSymposium. Deck, 30th Anniversary Media in 1982 … Early Model of BTRON2014 (1985) TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Proposed the design of keyboard which has a pointing area which can also be used as palm rest in front of 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Pursued My Own Ideals

Redesign, if necessary, going back to the basis

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 19 Measurement and Statistics2014 TRON Symposium. of the Area 30th Anniversary within Fingertips‘ Reach for Designing TRON Keyboard (1986) TRON Keyboard TK-20141 (1991) TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Concept Model of Future2014 TRON Flexible Symposium. Sheet 30th Anniversary Computer (1988) Using clear shape-memory material as keyboard and display Gmicro 200 by Hitachi2014 (1987) TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Gmicro 500 by Fujitsu2014 TRON (1993) Symposium. 30th Anniversary 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Tools for Thought

Tools to facilitate thought

Loose Standardization

Settle on basic architecture Define ISP/API Freedom of Implementation

Before the Appearance of Smartphone

The first iPhone (2007)

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 31 UC Prototype (2003)2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary UC06 (2004) 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Wearable UC Prototype2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary (2004) 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Applications Also

Smart House

Smart Building

Smart City

42 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

43 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Now to the IoT

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 44 pT-Engine Sensor Node2014 TRON (2005) Symposium. 30th Anniversary 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Ginza ucode NFC Tag2014 TRON(2012) Symposium. 30th Anniversary ucode Tag for Public2014 Property TRON Symposium. Management 30th Anniversary (2012) u-home in Taipei (2010)2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Multiprotocol RFID Reader/Writer2014 TRON Symposium. (2012) 30th Anniversary 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary ④ The Philosophy of TRON Project

Open & Free

Everything including specifications and source codes is open and free

Under T-License

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 54 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary License Using Software Suitable for Embedded Systems ●It is hard to use GNU GPL ■You have to release your source code when you combine GPL’ed code

●T-Kernel license is suitable for embedded systems. T-License 2.0

●Outline of T-License 2.0 ■You can modify and use downloaded source in your system. ■Source code does not need to be disclosed. ■Modified/improved source can be redistributed. ● Traceability service using ucode ■The system of modified/improved source can be traced. • Contributing to assuring the reliability of embedded devices by tracing the influence of the bug discovered in a certain version

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 56 Takeda Award (2001)2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary For "The origination and the advancement of open development models for system software ― open architecture, free software” and open source software" 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary ⑤ The Results of the First 30 Years

The Number of the Organizations Which Have Supported TRON Project

“Thank you”

Companies, etc. 910 Academia 112

TRON RTOS Family

8,236

The Number of the Agreed Licenses of T- Kernel-related Software

ITRON specification OS is used more...

Many T-Kernel users without explicit license agreement ITRON specification OS is used by a much larger number of users

76 Countries

The number of the countries in which some party agrees to the download licenses of T- Kernel-related software

65 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Top Countries in Terms of the Number of Licenses

China, India, Korea, Poland, Russia, Taiwan, U.S. and Vietnam

Top Countries in Terms of the Number of Downloads

Italy, France, Germany, Poland and Spain

● 60% of the share is held by TRON specification API for the API of embedded OS in use ● The most commonly used for 19 consecutive years

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 69 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary ITRON Specification OS Is Used to Control “HAYABUSA” Series 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary From Standalone Embedded Systems to Embedded Systems in the Network Era

The mechanism to support the shift

● The number of issued ucodes=1.2 hundred million ■ Physical ucode: 6,266,289 ■ Logical ucode: 113,738,620 120,004,909

120,000,000 100,000,000 4,000,000 3,000,000 2,000,000 1,000,000 0

Embedded Systems to Be Networked

Changes of Fundamental Model

Cloud Service Display, audio, advice , service Output

Smartphone / information appliance Input Operation, shooting, audio, comment, message

Real World 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Overview Model of Ubiquitous Computing

Big Data Cloud Service Control data, maintenance data Output

Embedded systems

Smartphone / information appliance Input Measurement data, ID read, operation data

Real World 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

All the objects in our surroundings will have computers inside

To understand context in the surroundings, and control the environment, many computers are embedded in the world.

Ubiquitous Computing Ubiquitous ＝ anywhere

HFDS

Highly Functionally Distributed System The goal TRON Project has been aiming to reach since its inception in 1984

Later, “Ubiquitous Computing” Recently, “the IoT (Internet of Things)”

Selecting Information According to Current Location

Social Disaster InformationPhotos from Planning Satellites Location Information Identification Rainfall Human Flushing Open/CloseProvision using Sensor Motion toilet the According to GPS, etc. Sensor Windows Current AutomaticallyLocation

Real World

To the open IoT

The Era of Open Innovation Network has changed basic assumptions The cost of information distribution has become ridiculously low

The era of cloud, mashup, and open source

Internal API of embedded devices is opened to network Access from cloud

Cloud Applica tion Applica tion Applica tion Sensor API access

Actuator

Connecting Embedded Devices

For example, we need to define how to “set temperature of this room at X ℃” using a publicly available API

Control program to turn on/off lighting at preset time Lighting is controlled remotely by using smartphones and tablet devices Control program to turn on lights when someone enters a room Warning is provided on smartphone and tablet devices when people enter specified room Checking whether a light is on/off in a room

Philosophy Is Needed for the “Open” IoT A friction between “privacy” and “public” which becomes a problem immediately for the IoT Utilizing “openness” is not simply a matter of security assurance

Who owns the data which is generated daily by the IoT? On what condition can the IoT be controlled by who? Can the data be used for public benefit?

Privacy cannot be defined by external regulations but rather by common law “Privacy Commissioner,” a mechanism for “judgement” has been established in Europe

An upper framework which consolidates and integrate the information of embedded systems, is aware of context, and conducts policy-based distributed control

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 94 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary In Order to Distribute Context Information on the Network It is necessary to establish an open method to describe the context and network resolution

The biggest challenge in our current research

From a Blanket “Security” for All at Any Time to Access Control Based on Context Group management of authorities Exposing data anonymously Changing authorization depending on the context changes of normal times and emergencies and the related regulatory changes

An open control of API access by cloud where access control is conducted flexibly according to context

A System of Universal Individual Identification Number Which Can Be Assigned to Any Objects, Places and Concepts to Be Identified Information service obtains information by following the relationship between individual objects in the real world

ucode

● A system of unique numbers which can be assigned to any things to be identified as individual identifier ucode is standardized as ITU Recommendation ● A framework exists to model the real world and virtual world ■ A framework to model the real world in a digital framework

● The concept of “Ubiquitous Computing” to use this model to optimally control the environment, while minimizing the explicit input of data by human users

● Individual identifiers (ucode) are assigned to objects, places, and concepts. ■ The meaning (semantics) is not in the code itself, but is externalized and fetched from the network. ● Individual identifiers (ucode) are assigned to “relationships”, an important concept in modeling the real world. ● Triple of {ucode1, ucode2, ucode3} represents the relationship, “ucode1 has a relationship of ucode2 with ucode3”.

ucode1

12 pieces of ucode Bufferin Carton ucode 3 ucode 2 contains 1

ucode 2 ucode ucode 4 “Bufferin” 1 is named as

ucode “12 pieces of ucode 4 2 is named as Bufferin Carton”

ucode2 ucode3 ucode1

ucode ucode 4 ucode 1 is close to 2

ucode ucode 5 ucode 2 is near 3

u4 Shipment on 〇〇 Motor Co. July 19, 2007

u2 A-type Motor ○○Motor Co. uB Place of Manufacture Contains uB

u1 uA u2 uC u3 Shipment of a unit uD uB Date u4 u △△Equipment Name B u 86-type Gear E July 19, 2007

ucode: Abstraction defines the abstract notion starting from the real world

Real World

An open control of API access by cloud where access control is conducted flexibly according to context

u2 uID Architecture 2.0

Basic Concept of u2

Information Infrastructure that permits cross queries to various DBs across organization and DB boundaries Query: An inquiry to DBMS via API

Mobile Application

ucR Command ucR Response u2

Command Response Decomposition ucR Reconstruction

Company 社製 A D’s Video from Automatic company A lock Company Company E’s website Company Company D’s B’s TV A’s surveillanc washing e camera Company Company C’s website machine Company Company B’s A’s A’s air Audio Refrigerato conditioner device r

108 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Decomposition of Queries and Integration of Responses

u2 accepts a standard ucR query from an application, decomposes the query into subqueries, sends subqueries to DBMSs where they are processed u2 constructs the response by integrating the responses, and returns it as the response to the original ucR query

Applications u2 Applications

Device Profiles u2 Device Profiles Exchange Protocol

Device Discovery u2 Core Protocol and Control

Message CoAP HTTP/1.1, WebSocket Transfer Transport Layer Protocol

Transport TCP/IP Protocol Suite UDP/IP Protocol Suite

Networking IPv6, IPv4 IPv6 Other Proprietary Transport Layer 6LoWPAN Adaptation Protocols Layer Connectivity Ethernet IEEE 802.15.4

Copyright © 2014 by Ken SAKAMURA 110 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary Current Status of u2 Device Architecture ● u2WG performed feasibility study of the concept using UCT Tweeting sensors. ■ UCT booth demonstrates agricultural application. ● Based on the feasibility study, architecture and API set is tested User Profile Query User Profile Manager Device Profile Get Data Query Device Profile Manager Device Query Device Manager u2 Application Place Query Place Manager Data Update Notification Access Right Access Rights Verification Manager Control Notify Process Read Finish Write Data Update

Device

■ UDF (ucode database frontend) • Frontend for queries to distributed ucode DB • Issues subqueries to UDN, and assembles the returned value ■ UDN (ucode database node) • Node that holds information about ucode • Responds to subquery based on its internal information

● Implementation of UDF ■ Needs to support distributed UDN • Predicate vocabulary set, support cross query within an organization ■ Implemented by OCaml (Objective Caml) • To execute complex processing based on SPARQL ● Implementation of UDN ■ ucR Adaptor for RDBMS • Wrapper to add UDN interface to an RDBMS • Legacy RDB can be fitted into u2

● Performance evaluation of ucode resolution service ■ Evaluates the performance of cross queries against our u2 implementation • ”Dynamic ucR” data consisting of 6.3 million data including sensor data with time ■ Measured the time to perform cross query. • Average 0.683 sec (Std. dev. 0.075 sec) • OpenVZ (RAM: 4GB) @ Intel Xeon 3.16GHz (4 core) ● Discussion ■ It is a practically usable value in itself. However, more complex queries will require faster processing. ■ New adaptor is being created.

● Basic management information for ucode ■ E.g.: Ownership, role, category, related application ● Indispensable for building open ucode systems

Run application form a publisher of sightseeing Run information Run location location information information service (in case of service location)

Run equipment management Run stamp rally application (in application from a ×case of product) game vender

● ucode basic attribute information and the API to manage it are standardized ■ Specifications draft has been distributed at u2WG. ■ A service based on the specification has been built (by using MongoDB) ● Feasibility Study Experiment (Tokyo Ubiquitous Technology Project) ■ Implementing Menu screen to select applications by ucode basic attribute information

Selection of different apps according to ucode. (based on ownership, etc.)

Towards the Practical Deployment in the Face of Hundreds of Millions of ucodes In order to use the architecture for open governance management of open data and big data

Scalability is required Coordination between different types of DBMS is necessary

Open Data and Big Data

In an Age You Cannot Provide Self-contained Interesting Application Alone

Tokyo Metro Contest for Open Data Application

A contest for application was held as Tokyo Metro 10th Anniversary event in cooperation with YRP Ubiquitous Networking Laboratory

121 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

The Number of the Registered Users: About 2,200

People in various countries registered, such as Australia, China, France, Taiwan, U.K., U.S., Vietnam as well as Japan

122 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

The Number of Entries: 281

123 2014 TRON Symposium. 30th Anniversary

Openness is the key to the future

URLs http://www.t-engine.org http://uidcenter.org http://www.ubin.jp