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Pleistocene Bison Skeleton (Bison Bison Cf Document généré le 30 sept. 2021 15:42 Géographie physique et Quaternaire Pleistocene Bison Skeleton (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) from Clayhurst Crossing, British Colombia Découverte d’un squelette de bison datant du Pléistocène (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) de Clayhurst Crossing, en Colombie-Britannique Ein Bison-Skelett (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) aus dem Pleistozän bei Clayhurst Crossing, British Columbia Brian Apland et Charles R. Harington Volume 48, numéro 2, 1994 Résumé de l'article Les restes du squelette d'un vieux bison de grande taille, découverts dans une URI : https://id.erudit.org/iderudit/032998ar carrière près de Clayhurst Crossing, appartiennent probablement à l'espèce DOI : https://doi.org/10.7202/032998ar éteinte des bisons occidentaux (Bison bison cf. occidentalis). Quatre datations au 14C sur les os, réalisées par spectrométrie de masse par accélérateur, Aller au sommaire du numéro indiquent un âge moyen, après ajustement, de 10 500±90 ans BP. Cet âge appuie l'hypothèse selon laquelle les terrasses fluviales dans la région centrale de Peace commencèrent à se développer il y a plus de 10 000 ans. De toute Éditeur(s) évidence, Bison bison antiquus vivait au sud de l'Alberta, il y a environ 11 000 ans. Ce dernier et Bison bison occidentalis occupaient le territoire de la rivière Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal de la Paix il y a un peu plus de 10 000 ans BP. On croit qu'à 9700 BP1 tout au moins, B. b. occidentalis s'est propagé au sud de l'Alberta. Les données laissent ISSN supposer que l'échange biotique entre l'ancien refuge de la Béringie et la partie intérieure sud des plaines de l'Amérique du Nord était possible il y plus de 10 0705-7199 (imprimé) 500 ans. 1492-143X (numérique) Découvrir la revue Citer cet article Apland, B. & Harington, C. R. (1994). Pleistocene Bison Skeleton (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) from Clayhurst Crossing, British Colombia. Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 48(2), 213–233. https://doi.org/10.7202/032998ar Tous droits réservés © Les Presses de l'Université de Montréal, 1994 Ce document est protégé par la loi sur le droit d’auteur. L’utilisation des services d’Érudit (y compris la reproduction) est assujettie à sa politique d’utilisation que vous pouvez consulter en ligne. https://apropos.erudit.org/fr/usagers/politique-dutilisation/ Cet article est diffusé et préservé par Érudit. Érudit est un consortium interuniversitaire sans but lucratif composé de l’Université de Montréal, l’Université Laval et l’Université du Québec à Montréal. Il a pour mission la promotion et la valorisation de la recherche. https://www.erudit.org/fr/ Géographie physique et Quaternaire, 1994, vol. 48, n° 2, p. 213-223, 4 fig., 4 tabl. PLEISTOCENE BISON SKELETON (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) FROM CLAYHURST CROSSING, BRITISH COLUMBIA Brian APLAND and Charles R. HARINGTON, Archaeology Branch, Government of British Columbia, Victoria, British Columbia V8V 1X4 and Paleobiology, Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4. ABSTRACT Remains of a large old male RESUME Découverte d'un squelette de ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Ein Bison-Skelett bison skeleton from a gravel pit near bison datant du Pleistocene (Bison bison cf. (Bison bison cf. occidentalis) aus dem Clayhurst Crossing are tentatively referred to occidentalisa de Clayhurst Crossing, en Pleistozàn bei Clayhurst Crossing, British the extinct western bison (Bison bison cf. Colombie-Britannique. Les restes du sque­ Columbia. Reste eines grossen, alten, occidentalis). It is the most complete late lette d'un vieux bison de grande taille, mânnlichen Bison-Skeletts, gefunden in Pleistocene "medium-horned" bison so far découverts dans une carrière près de einer Kiesgrube bei Clayhurst Crossing, wer- reported from Canada, and is therefore des­ Clayhurst Crossing, appartiennent probable­ den versuchsweise der ausgestorbenen Art cribed in detail. Four accelerator mass spec­ ment à l'espèce éteinte des bisons occiden­ des westlichen Bison (Bison bison cf. occi­ trometry (AMS) radiocarbon dates on bone taux (Bison bison cf. occidentalis). Quatre dentalis) zugeschrieben. Es handelt sich um from the specimen provide a weighted ave­ datations au 14C sur les os, réalisées par den vollstândigsten Bison aus dem spàten rage age of 10,500±90 yr BP, supporting an spectrométrie de masse par accélérateur, Pleistozàn, ùber den bisher in Kanada earlier suggestion that river terraces in the indiquent un âge moyen, après ajustement, berichtet wurde, und deshalb wird er im mid-Peace area began developing before de 10 500±90 ans BP. Cet âge appuie l'hy­ Detail beschrieben. Vier mit Teilchen- 10,000 years ago. Evidently Bison bison ,4 pothèse selon laquelle les terrasses fluviales Beschleuniger gewonnene C-Daten von antiquus occurred in southern Alberta about dans la région centrale de Peace commen­ den Knochen des Exemplars zeigen ein dur- 11,000 years ago, and both it and Bison cèrent à se développer il y a plus de 10 000 chschnittliches Alter von 10,500 ± 90 Jahren bison occidentalis occupied the Peace River v.u.Z. und stùtzen so eine frûhere Hypo­ area shortly before 10,000 years ago. It is ans. De toute évidence, Bison bison anti­ hypothesised that by at least 9700 BP, B. b. quus vivait au sud de l'Alberta, il y a environ thèse, derzufolge die Flussterrassen im mit- occidentalis had spread southern Alberta. 11 000 ans. Ce dernier et Bison bison occi­ tleren Peace-Gebiet sich vor 10.000 Jahren These data suggest that biotic interchange dentalis occupaient le territoire de la rivière zu entwickeln begannen. Offensichtlich gab between the former Beringian refugium and de la Paix il y a un peu plus de 10 000 ans es Bison bison antiquus im sûdlichen Alberta the southern interior Plains of North America BP. On croit qu'à 9700 BP1 tout au moins, B. vor etwa 11,000 Jahren, und letzterer sowie occurred prior to 10,500 years ago. b. occidentalis s'est propagé au sud de l'Al­ Bison bison occidentalis bewohnten das berta. Les données laissent supposer que Gebiet des Peace River vor etwas mehr als l'échange biotique entre l'ancien refuge de la 10,000 Jahren. Man nimmt an, dass spâtes- Béringie et la partie intérieure sud des tens 9700 v.u.Z. Bison bison occidentalis plaines de l'Amérique du Nord était possible sich ùber Sùd-Alberta ausgebreitet hatte. il y plus de 10 500 ans. Dièse Daten lassen vermuten, dass der bio- tische Austausch zwischen dem ehemaligen Bering-Zufluchtsort und den inneren sûdli­ chen Ebenen von Nordamerika vor mehr als 10.500 Jahren stattfand. Manuscrit reçu le 10 novembre 1993; manuscrit révisé accepté le 7 avril 1994 214 B. APLAND and CR. HARINGTON INTRODUCTION was .. "one of several paleontological localities on the Peace — This is highest in elevation and perhaps therefore, the In 1984, the most complete skeletal remains of a late earliest." Pleistocene bison so far reported in Canada were discovered in a gravel pit on the northern bank of the Peace River near During the summer of 1982, Frank Wilde collected three Clayhurst Crossing, British Columbia (Fig. 1 ). Remains of fos­ bones, apparently from the right hind leg of another adult sil bison, including two specimens with some articulated hind bison larger than the 1966 specimen [distal half of a femur limb bones, had previously been found on several occasions (NMC 38181), distal two-thirds of a tibia (NMC 38182), and at that locality. a metatarsal (NMC 38180, Table I1 Fig. 3). These bones came from a sandy layer about 6.2 m below the surface and, The purpose of this paper is to provide information regard­ like the 1966 collection, are stained reddish brown. Both lots ing: the geographic, stratigraphie and geological setting of the of specimens were referred to Bison sp. by the second Clayhurst Crossing site; the description, and measurements, author, and are deposited in the Quaternary Zoology of the bison skeletal remains recovered in 1984; the results Collection, Canadian Museum of Nature (NMC) in Ottawa. of radiocarbon analyses of bone from the specimen; and a discussion of the significance of the finds. In August 1983, the second author revisited the Clayhurst Crossing gravel pit to collect additional materials. THE SITE Unfortunately, only four rather fragile, reddish-brown stained bison rib fragments were recovered. Gravel quarrying was LOCATION not in progress at the time. The Clayhurst gravel pit complex (56°07'40"N, In the spring of 1984, the bison skeletal remains described 120°05'00"W; Fig. 1) is situated on the north bank of Peace in this paper were discovered by a local child whose parents River approximately 2.5 km west of the confluence of Peace informed the North Peace Historical Association (NPHA) in and Alces rivers and ca. 5 km west of the Alberta border, in Fort St. John. At the request of the NPHA, the first author and northeastern British Columbia. The site lies at an elevation of Knut R. Fladmark visited the site on June 15, 1984 and 544 m above sea level (determined by Thommen TX hand­ recorded the specimen. held altimeter set at the Fort St. John Airport). In 1984, active More recently, during the summer of 1991 while conduct­ gravel quarrying was concentrated near the western end of ing geological studies in the area, Peter Bobrowsky, of the the site; more easterly parts, including the section containing British Columbia Geological Survey Branch, collected a bison the bison skeleton, were less actively worked. scapula several hundred metres west of the 1984 find. HISTORY OF FINDS GEOLOGICAL SETTING The first recorded find from the Clayhurst Crossing gravel Studies of Quaternary deposits in the region (St-Onge, pit was an eroded bison cervical vertebra (BCPM 723A) col­ 1972; Mathews, 1978, 1980; Rutter, 1984) show that, after lected at the site by O.W.H.
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