DOCSLIB.ORG

Bison and Biodiversity: History of a Keystone Species

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Spring/Summer 2020 MONTANA NTO PROMOTE ANDa CULTIVATE THEt APPRECIATION,u UNDERSTANDINGr AND STEWARDSHIPa OFli NATURE THROUGHs EDUCATIONt Bison and Biodiversity: History of a Keystone Species Heartbeats & Hibernation | All About Antlions | Birding in Spain and Montana | Visions of Earth MONTANA Naturalist Spring/Summer 2020 inside Features 4 BISON AND BIODIVERSITY: A CASE STUDY Exploring the history of North America’s keystone herbivore BY GIL GALE 8 HEARTBEATS AND HIBERNATION 4 8 IN THE ROCKIES Getting at the heart of surviving winter in Montana Departments BY HEATHER MCKEE 3 TIDINGS 10 NATURALIST NOTES Antlions: A Conversation of Observations 22 12 GET OUTSIDE GUIDE Book review: The Lost Words; 10 nature writing activity; phenology scavenger hunt; Kids’ Corner: tree painting by Lila Farrell; Pablo 4th-grade science projects 17 IMPRINTS Farewell to Lisa Bickell; upcoming exhibits; new summer 24 camp offerings; welcome to 24 Jennifer Robinson; Drop in with a FAR AFIELD Naturalist; As To The Mission; Birding in Spain 2019 auction thank yous BY PEGGY CORDELL 17 19 26 VOLUNTEER SPOTLIGHT MAGPIE MARKET Cover – A Bullock’s Oriole (Icterus bullockii) Alyssa Giffin perches on a branch above Pauline Creek at the National Bison Range on a gorgeous June 27 22 REFLECTIONS day. Bullock’s Orioles are summer residents COMMUNITY FOCUS Visions of Earth in Montana. Photo by Merle Ann Loman, Working for Wilderness: amontanaview.com. The Great Burn Conservation No material appearing in Montana Naturalist Alliance may be reproduced in part or in whole without the BY ALLISON DE JONG written consent of the publisher. All contents © 2020 The Montana Natural History Center. 2 MONTANA NATURALIST ~ SPRING/SUMMER 2020 Connecting People with Nature 120 Hickory Street, Suite A tidings Missoula, MT 59801 406.327.0405 MontanaNaturalist.org Late last summer I hiked, with my husband, son, and three friends, into Kid Lake in the Great Burn STAFF Recommended Wilderness. The Ser Anderson Teaching Naturalist landscape was stunning: rocky ridges Alyssa Cornell-Chavez stretching into the distance, blue sky Front Desk Associate arcing above the glimmering jewel Allison De Jong of the lake, and the scent of fir and Communications Coordinator warm earth and ripe huckleberries Thurston Elfstrom Executive Director infusing the air. A two-hour drive Laura Lee followed by an easy two-mile hike Bookkeeper brought us to a beautifully wild Drew Lefebvre place. My 16-month-old son and Museum Programs Coordinator & Volunteer PHOTO BY KARA HANSON Coordinator our friends’ four-year-old daughter Enjoying warm sun and cool water at Kid Lake in the Pat Little loved it. They ate huckleberries off lovely wildlands of the Great Burn. Front Desk Associate the bushes and splashed in the lake all Jenah Mead Teaching Naturalist afternoon and had to be dragged away, sun-kissed and dripping. Christine Morris These wild places exist in spite of us. Community Programs Coordinator These magnificent, unique landscapes are home to wolverines and pikas, alpine Stephanie Laporte Potts larches and beargrass, glacier-carved valleys and sparkling streams, and so much more. Youth Programs Manager When I visit our wild places, I am constantly in awe of their diversity and allure, and Jennifer Robinson Program Director that of the wild creatures that inhabit them. Mark Schleicher This issue honors such wildness and variety. From biologist Gil Gale’s exploration Development Director of bison and their fascinating history—species diverging and converging and diverging Glenna Tawney again amidst a backdrop of ice sheets and warming periods (page 4)—to a conversation Marketing & Events Coordinator between three naturalists about the amazing adaptations of predatory antlion larvae (page Kelli Van Noppen ID Nature Coordinator 10), from writer Heather McKee’s examination of heartbeats and their relationship to Christine Wren hibernation (page 8) to naturalist Peggy Cordell’s familiar-yet-novel experience of birding Teaching Naturalist in Spain (page 24), we are reminded of how wonderfully intricate and complex our Bailey Zook world is. Our home. Our planet. Teaching Naturalist This year we celebrate the 50th anniversary of Earth Day (page 27): 50 years of Summer Staff recognizing, on a planet-wide scale, the importance of stewarding this beautiful blue Alyssa Giffin marble we call home. Summer Camp Coordinator This spring, this summer, this year, let’s celebrate our planet and this exquisite Breanna McCabe corner of it that we are so very lucky to call home. Let’s celebrate by exploring it, reveling Educational Programs Intern in it, seeking out its wild places and wild creatures and wild flowers. Board of Directors And let’s celebrate by stewarding it—so that all this wild tangle of beauty and Kelley Willett, President diversity is still here when my son is the age I am now. When his children have children, Stephanie Lambert, Vice President Peggy Christian, Secretary and grandchildren—and beyond. So that, a hundred years in the future, they can splash Katie Guffin, Treasurer around in Kid Lake in the Great Burn Wilderness, because it’s still there, and still wild. Hank Fischer Ian Foster Here’s to this planet, to our wild places, to us. Here’s to actively loving it all. Sarah Megyesi Rick Oncken Rick Potts Dr. Allison Young Allison De Jong Montana Naturalist Art Director Eileen Chontos EDITOR [email protected] SPRING/SUMMER 2020 ~ MONTANA NATURALIST 3 “Intraspecific diversity is the raw material of evolution" —DR. C. CORMACK GATES, IUCN AMERICAN BISON STATUS, 2010 BISONBISON ANDAND BIODIVERSITY:BIODIVERSITY: A CASE STUDY BY GIL GALE When the fires of August 2000 roared across the Bitterroot Valley and up over the Continental Divide, they left behind an intriguing relic exposed in the ashes high in the Anaconda-Pintler mountain range. The discovery by one of the fire mop-up crews of a bison skull at over 8,000 feet triggered some interesting questions about what a plains bison was doing in a high-elevation forested zone so distant from any typical habitat. Did this animal represent something more significant than a wandering oddity? It turns out that drives the life and bison history and death of the major genetics are a bit more ice ages. Periodic complex than many long-term shifts of us Montanans of the earth’s plate were probably aware. tectonics, its orbit In our time, on the Historic around the sun, and North American its tilt, coupled with continent, there are Range of occasional massive two subspecies of volcanic eruptions, all bison, the plains bison Bison interact to produce (Bison bison bison), a bewildering which dominated the assemblage of Great Plains biome, past and potential and the northern long-term climate latitude wood outcomes for the bison (Bison bison Plains Bison Range planet. athabascae), adapted to Chemical, the boreal forests and Wood Bison Range geological, and meadow complexes Overlap paleontological of western Canada evidence show that OF WES OLSON COURTESY and into Alaska the four previous MAP: (see historic range map). The bison skull other species in the story that gives us a planet-wide ice ages weren’t brief. They exposed by the 2000 fire was most likely a lesson about the evolutionary process and ranged in duration from 20 to 300 million plains bison. However, a few thousand years the importance of biological diversity. years. Yet within each of these long ice ago, it might have been a plains bison or a A Utah Department of Natural ages there were multiple warming breaks wood bison or a hybrid of the two. Resources geological survey report (Major called interglacial periods (lasting many tens The story of how bison arrived at their Ice Ages, 2010) reminds us that, believe it of millions of years) when ice sheets and current subspecies genetic configuration or not, we are actually still in the fifth major glaciers retreated and the earth got much coincides with the story of the advance and ice age of the planet’s history. You would hotter than it is now. Inevitably, cooling retreat of the ice sheets and glaciers of the have to time travel back over two billion periods returned and glaciers and ice sheets Pleistocene and Holocene Epochs, starting years (yes, that’s “billion”) to witness the surged back over lost ground. In North two and a half million years ago and lasting beginning of the first major ice age. America, we are only about 10,000 years right up to the present. And bison serve as Our planet hosts an inherent into one of the shorter warming interglacial just one featured character among countless dynamism on the grandest of scales that periods, the Holocene Interglacial. 4 MONTANA NATURALIST ~ SPRING/SUMMER 2020 The current climate change Wood vs Plains Bison: Unique Adaptations trend gripping the earth is a wild card that humans have Hump structure: The sharper angled hump of the wood bison added to the deck. Even the supports a more massive musculature that enables it to best computer modeling can’t WOOD BISON sweep aside the deeper snows of the northern boreal forest/meadow grassland accurately predict how this ecosystems to reach hand is going to play out. But the grasses and sedges the probability is high that it beneath. will have a lasting effect on the evolutionary process and biological diversity consequences on a global scale. Looking at the trend of the previous four planet-wide ice ages and the Wool: long-term warming periods No thermal between them, things were Leg placement: window present. destined to get a lot hotter over Back of hump. Heat dispersal is not as important the next many thousands of Size: Larger—mature bulls up to as heat retention. 2,600 pounds. Larger mass in colder years anyway, but the human- northern latitudes reduces heat loss caused climate change effects BISON: RUFUS46/COMMONS.WIKIMEDIA.ORG (Bergmann’s Rule).
Recommended publications

  • National Register of Historic Places Faster Registration Form

    / & NFS Form 10-900 OMB No. 1024-0018 (Rev. 8-86) United States Department of the Interior - - National Park Service - •- -' f\VM;OMAl NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES FASTER REGISTRATION FORM 1. Name of Property historic name: Hornaday Camp other name/site number: 246F362 2. Location street & number: Montana Highway 200 not for publication: n/a vicinity: n/a city/town: Sand Springs state: Montana code: MT county: Gar field code: 033 zip code: 59077 3. Classification Ownership of Property: private Category of Property: site Number of Resources within Property: Contributing Noncontributing ____ ____ building(s) 1 ____ sites ____ ____ structures ____ ____ objects Total Number of contributing resources previously listed in the National Register: 0 Name of related multiple property listing: n/a 4. Certification As the designated authority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, I hereby certify that this X nomination ___request for determination of eligibility meets the documentation standards for registering properties in the National Register of Historic Places and meets the procedural and professional requirements set forth in 36 CFR Part 60. In my opinion, the property X meets ___ does not meet the National Register Criteria. ____ See continuation sheet. Signature of certifying official U 0 Date 0 State or Federal agency and bureau In my opinion, the property ___ meets ___ does not meet the National Register criteria. __ See continuation sheet. Signature of commenting or other official Date State or Federal agency and bureau 5. National Park Service Certification I, hereby certify that this property is: v/ entered in the National Register (LuJfflWfftyjL,(I ' MU.hD __ See continuation sheet.
  • Montana Forest Insect and Disease Conditions and Program Highlights

    Montana Forest Insect and Disease Conditions and Program Highlights

    R1-16-17 03/20/2016 Forest Service Northern Region Montata Department of Natural Resources and Conservation Forestry Division In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, gender identity (including gender expression), sexual orientation, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the responsible Agency or USDA’s TARGET Center at (202) 720-2600 (voice and TTY) or contact USDA through the Federal Relay Service at (800) 877-8339. Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at http://www.ascr.usda.gov/complaint_filing_cust.html and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S.
  • 5Th American Bison Society Meeting and Workshop

    5Th American Bison Society Meeting and Workshop

    5th American Bison Society Meeting and Workshop Banff, Alberta September 26-29, 2016 Cover photos: Bison photos: © Kent Redford; Treaty signing: © Stephen Legault h Message from the Governor General I am delighted to extend my warmest regards to all those gathered for the 2016 American Bison Society Meeting. Over a century ago, long before the advent of ‘green’ living, a passionate group of individuals banded together to revitalize the dwindling North American bison population. These magnificent animals had been ravaged by human greed, almost to the point of extinction. Yet, through the efforts of the American Bison Society, the bison have returned to the wild in great numbers. The Society continues to play an important role in ensuring the survival of the bison. Its members have adopted the values of preservation and conservation, and are sharing this knowledge with the next generation, so that they may carry on this essential task. I commend the Society on its achievements and I wish everyone a most enjoyable celebration. David Johnston September 2016 5th American Bison Society Meeting and Workshop H American Bison Society h Welcome from WCS Dear colleagues, Welcome to the fifth bi-annual American Bison Society meeting and workshop. For the first time, we are hosting this meeting of bison enthusiasts, managers, producers, advocates, philanthropists, and artists in Canada. Not only is Banff a beautiful setting, it also plays a crucial role in the history of bison in North America. Over the next three days we will come together to share stories, learn about our work across North America and, finally, celebrate the second anniversary of the Buffalo Treaty.
  • Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison

    Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison

    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES BUFFALO HUNT: INTERNATIONAL TRADE AND THE VIRTUAL EXTINCTION OF THE NORTH AMERICAN BISON M. Scott Taylor Working Paper 12969 http://www.nber.org/papers/w12969 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 March 2007 I am grateful to seminar participants at the University of British Columbia, the University of Calgary, the Environmental Economics workshop at the NBER Summer Institute 2006, the fall 2006 meetings of the NBER ITI group, and participants at the SURED II conference in Ascona Switzerland. Thanks also to Chris Auld, Ed Barbier, John Boyce, Ann Carlos, Charlie Kolstad, Herb Emery, Mukesh Eswaran, Francisco Gonzalez, Keith Head, Frank Lewis, Mike McKee, and Sjak Smulders for comments; to Michael Ferrantino for access to the International Trade Commission's library; and to Margarita Gres, Amanda McKee, Jeffrey Swartz, Judy Hasse of Buffalo Horn Ranch and Andy Strangeman of Investra Ltd. for research assistance. Funding for this research was provided by the SSHRC. The views expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by M. Scott Taylor. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source. Buffalo Hunt: International Trade and the Virtual Extinction of the North American Bison M. Scott Taylor NBER Working Paper No. 12969 March 2007 JEL No. F1,Q2,Q5,Q56 ABSTRACT In the 16th century, North America contained 25-30 million buffalo; by the late 19th century less than 100 remained.
  • National Bison Range Is Administered by the U.S

    National Bison Range Is Administered by the U.S

    REGULATIONS • Remain at your car and on the road. If you are near bison do not get out of your vehicle. • Hiking is permitted only on designated footpaths. • Trailers and other towed units are not allowed on the Red Sleep Mountain Drive. • Motorcycles and bicycles are permitted only on the paved drives below the cattle guards. x% Place of Discovery • No overnight camping allowed. • Firearms are prohibited. • All pets must be on a leash. • Carry out all trash. • All regulations are strictly enforced. • Our patrol staff is friendly and willing to answer your questions about the range and its wildlife. 3/4 MILE CAUTIONS • Bison can be very dangerous. Keep your distance. • All wildlife will defend their young and can hurt you. • Rattlesnakes are not aggressive but will strike if threatened. Watch where you step and do not go out into the grasslands. <* The Red Sleep Mountain Drive is a one-way mountain road. It gains 2000 feet in elevation and averages a 10% downgrade for about 2 miles. Be sure of your braking power. • Watch out for children on roadways especially in the picnic area and at popular viewpoints. • Refuge staff are trained in first aid and can assist you. Where to Start? Contact them in an emergency. The best place to start your visit to the ADMINISTRATION Bison Range is the Visitor Center. Here The National Bison Range is administered by the U.S. Fish you will find informative displays on and Wildlife Service as a part of the National Wildlife Refuge System. Further information can be obtained from the the bison, its history and its habitat.
  • A Middle Holocene Steppe Bison and Paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada Grant D

    A Middle Holocene Steppe Bison and Paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada Grant D

    1138 ARTICLE A middle Holocene steppe bison and paleoenvironments from the Versleuce Meadows, Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada Grant D. Zazula, Elizabeth Hall, P. Gregory Hare, Christian Thomas, Rolf Mathewes, Catherine La Farge, André L. Martel, Peter D. Heintzman, and Beth Shapiro Abstract: A partial skeleton of a bison was recovered during residential house construction in Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. The specimen represents a young (estimated 6 year old) bison individual that died, was partially scavenged by carnivores, and subsequently buried by calcareous silt sediment in a pond or small lake during the middle Holocene, ϳ5400 years ago. Palaeoenvironmental data, including molluscs, pollen, vascular plant, and bryophyte macrofossils demonstrate that the small waterbody was surrounded by white spruce dominated boreal forest. Morphometric analysis of the skeleton reveals that its taxonomic affinity is ambiguous, likely owing to it representing an ontogenetically young individual, though it does share some cranial and horn core characteristics of named species such as Bison occidentalis or Bison priscus. Mitochondrial genomic data confirm that this bison belongs to Clade 2A (northern clade), which represents Pleistocene steppe bison (B. cf. priscus) in Beringia through the Holocene and is not represented in living bison species. These data further demonstrate that northern steppe bison population survived the late Pleistocene extinction event, persisted locally in southern Yukon into the Holocene, and are best characterized as a species with a high degree of morphological variability and ecological flexibility. Résumé : Le squelette partiel d’un bison a été récupéré durant la construction d’immeubles résidentiels a` Whitehorse (Yukon, Canada). Le spécimen représente un unique jeune bison (d’âge estimé a` 6 ans) qui est mort, a été partiellement dévoré par des carnivores pour ensuite être enseveli sous du silt calcareux dans un étang ou un petit lac durant l’Holocène moyen, il y a ϳ5400 ans.
  • Native American Collections in the Archives

    Native American Collections in the Archives

    Examples of collections and resources supporting research about Land, Land Use, the Environment and Conservation in Montana held at Archives & Special Collections at the Mansfield Library, University of Montana-Missoula A separate list is available for collections with content focused on Forests and the Timber Products Industry. Note: In most cases links are provided from the titles of collections to the guides to those collections. The collections themselves are not digitized and therefore are not yet available online. This list is not comprehensive. Papers of Individuals and Families G. M. Brandborg Papers (1893-1977), Mss 691, 14.5 linear feet Papers of Guy M. "Brandy" Brandborg, long-time employee of the U. S. Forest Service, and Forest Supervisor of the Bitterroot National Forest from 1935-1955. The collection includes files related to Brandborg's interest in and activities related to wilderness, conservation, and watershed protection efforts in Montana, and two memorial scrapbooks documenting his activities in favor of sustainable timber harvesting and against extensive clearcutting. Stewart M. Brandborg Papers (1932-2000), Mss 699, 45.0 linear feet This collection consists of the professional papers of environmental activist Stewart M. Brandborg. A graduate of the University of Montana and the University of Idaho, Brandborg was hired as assistant conservation director for the National Wildlife Federation in 1954. In 1956 he was elected to the governing board of The Wilderness Society and in 1960 was hired as their associate executive director. He served as director of The Wilderness Society from 1964-1977. Brandborg’s papers include correspondence, research files and other documents from his time with The Wilderness Society, as well as material documenting his work with the National Wildlife Federation, the National Park Service, Wilderness Watch, and Friends of the Bitterroot (Montana.) Arnold Bolle Papers (1930-1994), Mss 600, 40.7 linear feet Arnold Bolle was a leading figure in the Montana conservation movement.
  • Status Report and Assessment of Wood Bison in the NWT (2016)

    Status Report and Assessment of Wood Bison in the NWT (2016)

    SPECIES STATUS REPORT Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae) Sakāwmostos (Cree) e ta oe (Sout Slave ) e en á e ejere, t a n a n’jere ( en sųł n ) Dachan tat w ’aak’ (Teetł’ t Gw ’ n) Aak’ , a antat aak’ (Gw a Gw ’ n) Łek'a e, łuk'a e, kedä- o’, ejed (Kaska ene) Ejuda (Slavey) Tl'oo tat aak'ii, dachan tat aak'ii, akki chashuur, nin shuurchoh, nin daa ha-an (Van Tat Gw ’ n) in the Northwest Territories Threatened April 2016 Status of Wood Bison in the NWT Species at Risk Committee status reports are working documents used in assigning the status of species suspected of being at risk in the Northwest Territories (NWT). Suggested citation: Species at Risk Committee. 2016. Species Status Report for Wood Bison (Bison bison athabascae) in the Northwest Territories. Species at Risk Committee, Yellowknife, NT. © Government of the Northwest Territories on behalf of the Species at Risk Committee ISBN: 978-0-7708-0241-7 Production note: The drafts of this report were prepared by Kristi Benson (traditional and community knowledge component) and Tom Chowns (scientific knowledge component), under contract with the Government of the Northwest Territories, and edited by Claire Singer, Michelle Ramsay and Kendra McGreish. For additional copies contact: Species at Risk Secretariat c/o SC6, Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Tel.: (855) 783-4301 (toll free) Fax.: (867) 873-0293 E-mail: [email protected] www.nwtspeciesatrisk.ca ABOUT THE SPECIES AT RISK COMMITTEE The Species at Risk Committee was established under the Species at Risk (NWT) Act.
  • COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL COPYRIGHTED I

    COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL COPYRIGHTED I

    Avalanche Campground (MT), 66 Big Horn Equestrian Center (WY), Index Avenue of the Sculptures (Billings, 368 MT), 236 Bighorn Mountain Loop (WY), 345 Bighorn Mountains Trail System INDEX A (WY), 368–369 AARP, 421 B Bighorn National Forest (WY), 367 Absaroka-Beartooth Wilderness Backcountry camping, Glacier Big Red (Clearmont, WY), 370 (MT), 225–227 National Park (MT), 68 Big Red Gallery (Clearmont, WY), Academic trips, 44–45 Backcountry permits 370 Accommodations, 413–414 Glacier National Park (MT), Big Salmon Lake (MT), 113 best, 8–10 54–56 Big Sheep Creek Canyon (MT), 160 for families with children, 416 Grand Teton (WY), 325 Big Sky (MT), 8, 215–220 Active vacations, 43–52 Yellowstone National Park Big Sky Brewing Company AdventureBus, 45, 269 (MT—WY), 264 (Missoula, MT), 93 Adventure Sports (WY), 309, 334 Backcountry Reservations, 56 Big Sky Candy (Hamilton, MT), 96 Adventure trips, 45–46 Backcountry skiing, 48 Big Sky Golf Course (MT), 217 AdventureWomen, 201–202 Backroads, 45, 46 Big Sky Resort (MT), 216–217 Aerial Fire Depot and Baggs (WY), 390 Big Sky Waterpark (MT), 131 Smokejumper Center (Missoula, Ballooning, Teton Valley (WY), Big Spring (MT), 188 MT), 86–87 306 Big Spring Creek (MT), 187 Air tours Bannack (MT), 167, 171–172 Big Timber Canyon Trail (MT), 222 Glacier National Park (MT), 59 Bannack Days (MT), 172 Biking and mountain biking, 48 the Tetons (WY), 306 Barry’s Landing (WY), 243 Montana Air travel, 409, 410 Bay Books & Prints (Bigfork, MT), Big Sky, 216 Albright Visitor Center 105 Bozeman, 202 (Yellowstone), 263, 275
  • Initial Layout

    Initial Layout

    ison are wild animals. Although pearance of once numerous herds. A By 1888, when C. J. they are now raised commer- demand from the eastern United States Bcially—the Kansas Buffalo Asso- for bison products, both meat and hides, “Buffalo” Jones went ciation currently has 107 members raising coupled with the arrival in western Kan- 8,600 animals—bison do not have the sas of railroad lines that provided the searching in this region for same temperament as their domesticated means for cheaply and efficiently trans- cattle relatives. Bison, or buffalo, appear porting those products, led to a massive bison to capture alive, he docile when grazing and ruminating, but killing of bison. The killing was unregu- the mind behind the massive forehead and lated and thorough and was condoned by found a total of 37 animals. curved horns still thinks the way its an- the U.S. and state governments, anxious cestors thought. It is an animal that pre- to subdue free-roaming Indian tribes who and Bison athabascae), skeletal remains fers to run, but it is ready to fight when depended upon buffalo for food, materi- of extinct forms (such as Bison latifrons, threatened. als for shelter, and numerous other neces- Bison alleni, and Bison antiquus) can be Humans and bison have interacted sities, as well as for spiritual needs. recognized primarily by their continued for thousands of years in North America, Small remnant herds of bison remained diminution in overall size and smaller but that interaction until recent times has after the departure of the hide-hunters, horn cores, which also change in shape.
  • (USDA) Forest Service Working with Partners for Bird Conservation

    (USDA) Forest Service Working with Partners for Bird Conservation

    U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Forest Service Appendix A Working with Partners for Bird Conservation Bird Conservation Accomplishments Published 2004 This appendix lists the bird conservation accomplishment projects by USDA Forest Service Deputy Areas: National Forest Systems, Research and Development, State and Private and International Programs. This is not a complete set of the many bird conservation actions that have been or are currently being implemented across Forest Service Deputy Areas. It represents bird conservation accomplishment projects from the administrative units that replied at the time of the request. Projects started before fiscal year 2000 that are ongoing or conducted annually (beyond 2002) are reported as “ongoing” or “annually”, with the date of inception included (when known). I. National Forest Systems Region 1 (R-1): Northern Region Regionwide Accomplishments Partnership Enhancement • Partners in Flight (PIF) and Bird Conservation Region (BCR) Plans. Forest Service biologists throughout the Northern Region participated in the development of PIF and BCR plans for Montana, Idaho, North Dakota, and South Dakota. Active participation is ongoing with PIF working groups, BCR coordinators, joint venture meetings, and other activities that promote bird conservation. Partners in these efforts include the American Bird Conservancy (ABC), Montana Fish, Wildlife, & Parks (MFWP), Idaho Department of Fish and Game 1 (Idaho Fish & Game), U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS), Bureau of Land Management (BLM), Potlatch Corp., Plum Creek Timber Co., local Audubon Society Chapters, and the Universities of Montana and Idaho. Ongoing since FY1993. • Montana Sage Grouse and Sagebrush Conservation Strategy. The Northern Region participated in the Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks-led effort to develop a statewide sage grouse and sagebrush conservation strategy.
  • National Park Service U.S

    National Park Service U.S

    National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Stewardship and Science DOI Bison Report Looking Forward Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/BRMD/NRR—2014/821 ON THE COVER Bison bull at southeastern Utah's Henry Mountains Photograph by Utah Division of Wildlife Resources DOI Bison Report Looking Forward Natural Resource Report NPS/NRSS/BRMD/NRR—2014/821 Prepared by the Department of the Interior Bison Leadership Team and Working Group National Park Service Biological Resource Management Division 1201 Oakridge Drive, Suite 200 Fort Collins, Colorado 80525 June 2014 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Stewardship and Science Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Stewardship and Science office in Fort Collins, Colorado, publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics. These reports are of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Report Series is used to disseminate high-priority, current natural resource management information with managerial application. The series targets a general, diverse audience, and may contain NPS policy considerations or address sensitive issues of management applicability. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. This report received informal peer review by subject-matter experts who were not directly involved in the collection, analysis, or reporting of the data.