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Carmen Study Guide MANITOBA OPERA GRATEFULLY AKNOWLEDGES OUR CARMEN PARTNERS
2 0 1 9 / 2 0 STUDY GUIDE Production Sponsors MANITOBA OPERA 1 2019/20 Carmen Study Guide MANITOBA OPERA GRATEFULLY AKNOWLEDGES OUR CARMEN PARTNERS: SEASON SPONSOR EDUCATION, OUTREACH, & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT SPONSORS Student Night at the Opera Sponsor 1060-555 Main Street Winnipeg MB R3B 1C3 Lower Level, Centennial Concert Hall 204-942-7470 | mbopera.ca Join our e-newsletter for exclusive behind-the-scenes content. Just go to mbopera.ca and click “Join our Mailing List.” MANITOBA OPERA 2 2019/20 Carmen Study Guide 2019/20 STUDY GUIDE CARMEN THE PRODUCTION HISTORICAL CONNECTION Fast Facts 4 Historical Background of Carmen 19 Production Information 5 Who are the Roma? 22 Introduction & Synopsis 6 Carmen in the 20th Century 26 The Principal Characters 8 Evolving Perspectives on Carmen 27 The Principal Artists 9 The Composer 14 STUDENT RESOURCES The Librettists 15 Student Activities 28 The Dramatist 16 Winnipeg Public Library Resources 37 Musical Highlights 17 Student Programming 38 Kirstin Chávez (Carmen) and David Pomeroy (Don José). Carmen, 2010. Manitoba Opera. Photo: R. Tinker. MANITOBA OPERA 3 2019/20 Carmen Study Guide THE PRODUCTION FAST FACTS •Even though it is considered by many to be •Traditionally, the tragic tale of Carmen the most popular opera of all time, ends with Don José killing Carmen in a fit had a rocky start, and was not well received of jealousy. Some modern productions have at its premiere. addressed the issue of violence perpetrated against women by altering the ending, in •Rehearsing the opera for its premiere was which Carmen kills Don José in self-defense. -
Bizet, Carmen Suite
Georges BIZET Carmen Suites Georges Bizet (25 October 1838 – 3 June 1875), was a French, romantic era composer. Although his name is now popular in the opera world, Bizet achieved Few successes beFore his Final work, Carmen. He excelled as a student during his time at the Conservatoire de Paris, being recognized as an outstanding pianist and winning the prestigious Prix de Rome in 1857. Bizet chose not to pursue a career as a pianist, and was Faced with rejection as an opera composer, as the Parisian opera houses preFerred the classical repertoire over new works. During the 1860s, Bizet earned his living largely by arranging and transcribing the music oF others as his two operas which reached the stage during this time — Les pêcheurs de perles (1863) and La jolie fille de Perth (1867) —were both not immediately successFul. After serving in the National Guard during the Franco-Prussian War oF 1870–1871, Bizet had Finally Found some success through an orchestral suite derived From his incidental music to Alphonse Daudet's play L'Arlésienne (1872). Bizet’s Final opera, Carmen, premiered in 1875 after delayed production due to fears that its themes of betrayal and murder would ofFend audiences. Sadly, Bizet died oF a heart attack only three months later, convinced that the work was a Failure, and unable to witness his own rise to stardom as the work entered the operatic canon as an all-time Favourite among audiences worldwide. After a career cut short by an early death, Bizet’s contribution to music, other than his composition of Carmen, was neglected for years. -
View Program
Program Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901) INTERMISSION “Qual voluttà trascorrere” from I Lombardi (15 minutes) (Ms. Clark, Mr. Guerrero, and Mr. Brownlee) Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) Verdi Rondo in C Major “Infelice, e tu credevi” from Ernani (Mr. Allen) (Mr. Brownlee) Frédéric Chopin (1810-1849) Georges Bizet (1838-1875) Valse in C-sharp Minor “Quand la flamme de l’amour” from La jolie fille de Perth (Mr. Allen) (Mr. Brownlee) Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) Verdi Farewell Scene from Die Zauberflöte “Parigi, o cara” from La traviata (Ms. Clark, Mr. Guerrero, and Mr. Brownlee) (Ms. Clark and Mr. Guerrero) Verdi Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924) “La donna è mobile” from Rigoletto “In quelle trine morbide” from Manon Lescaut (Mr. Guerero) (Ms. Clark) Franz Lehár (1870-1948) Charles Gounod (1818-1893) “Nobody Could Love You More” from Paganini “Jewel Song” from Faust (Ms. Clark and Mr. Guerrero) (Ms. Clark) Puccini Gaetano Donizetti (1797-1848) “Quando m’en vo’” (Musetta’s Waltz) from La bohème “Ecco il magico liquore” from L’elisir d’amore (Ms. Clark) (Mr. Guerrero and Mr. Brownlee) Gioachino Rossini (1792-1868) Puccini “La calunnia” from Il barbiere di Siviglia “E lucevan le stelle” from Tosca (Mr. Brownlee) (Mr. Guerrero) Gounod Friedrich von Flotow (1812-1883) Prison Scene —Trio from Faust “M’appari” from Martha (Ms. Clark, Mr. Guerrero, and Mr. Brownlee) (Mr. Guerrero) Ambroise Thomas (1811-1896) “Légères hirondelles” from Mignon (Ms. Clark and Mr. Brownlee) Verdi Program and personnel subject to change. “Perdon, perdon, Amelia” from Simon Boccanegra As a courtesy to the artists, please remain seated until they have left the hall. -
Carmen: a Preface to the Vocal Score by Richard Langham Smith
Carmen: a preface to the vocal score by Richard Langham Smith URTEXT IN CONTEXT Why a new edition of Carmen, an opera that has surely suffered the fate of its eponymous heroine: it has been done to death? In short, the present edition takes a different slant from other Urtexts primarily because it aims to capture the idea of the opera as a staged spectacle as well as that of a musical text: hence its designation as a ‘Performance Urtext’. Notwithstanding this dual purpose, its approach to the musical text remains founded on the ‘Urtextual’ principles largely established by German editions of the mid- and late-twentieth century, not least by the Urtext publications of Peters Edition, in this case its London operation which has provided the fundamental impetus for producing this new edition. Yet at the root of these German Urtexts is the notion of somehow carrying forward the ‘pure blue flame’ of composer-intention as set down in a final manuscript, or a submitted and proof-read score. Against this notion, however, a fundamental question must be asked: is Opera really like that? In the mounting of an operatic performance, many more people are involved than in the performance of a symphony: the scene- painters; the costume designers; the lighting crew and above all the director, metteur-en- scène or in the case of French opera, the all-important role of the régisseur. There was also the complex infrastructure behind, as it was then (and now): those responsible for the finances; for drumming up press attendance and audiences; producing the programmes and in France particularly, ensuring that the catering is up to scratch and that the restaurants around the venue are ready to serve the pre-performance entrée, the main course in the first interval, and the dessert in the second. -
La Jolie Fille De Perth
August 27, 2020 – Georges Bizet’s La Jolie Fille de Perth On this week’s Thursday Night Opera House, I’m pleased to present one of Georges Bizet’s lesser-known operas, La Jolie Fille de Perth (The Fair Maid of Perth), which was first performed in Paris the day after Christmas in 1867. Commissioned by the Théatre Lyrique following the success of The Pearl Fishers, it was set to a French libretto by Jules-Henri Vernoy de Saint Georges and Jules Adenis based loosely on Sir Walter Scott’s novel of the same title. Despite its Scottish setting, the opera lacks any distinctively Scottish music. La Jolie Fille de Perth was well received at its premiere but lacked the staying power of Bizet’s most popular work, Carmen, or of The Pearl Fishers. Set in the Scottish town of Perth, the armorer Henry Smith (tenor Alfredo Kraus) is in love with Catherine Glover (soprano June Anderson). Smith agrees to provide shelter for the Gypsy Queen Mab (mezzo-soprano Margarita Zimmerman). Later, he’s visited by Catherine, her glove-making father Simon (bass-baritone Gabriel Bacquier), and his apprentice Ralph (bass-baritone José van Dam), who’s also in love with Catherine. The Duke of Rothsay (baritone Gino Quilico) invites Catherine to his castle and asks Mab, who’s his former mistress, to help him abduct her. Mab pretends to agree but foils the Duke’s machinations and engineers a reconciliation between Catherine and Henry. Georges Prêtre conducts the New Philharmonic Orchestra and the French Radio Chorus in this 1985 EMI recording. -
DISTRICT AUDITIONS SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2020 the 2020 National Council Finalists Photo: Fay Fox / Met Opera
NATIONAL COUNCIL 2020–21 SEASON BOSTON DISTRICT AUDITIONS SATURDAY, DECEMBER 12, 2020 The 2020 National Council Finalists photo: fay fox / met opera CAMILLE LABARRE NATIONAL COUNCIL AUDITIONS chairman The Metropolitan Opera National Council Auditions program cultivates young opera CAROL E. DOMINA singers and assists in the development of their careers. The Auditions are held annually president in 39 districts and 12 regions of the United States, Canada, and Mexico—all administered MELISSA WEGNER by dedicated National Council members and volunteers. Winners of the region auditions executive director advance to compete in the national semifinals. National finalists are then selected and BRADY WALSH compete in the Grand Finals Concert. During the 2020–21 season, the auditions are being administrator held virtually via livestream. Singers compete for prize money and receive feedback from LISETTE OROPESA judges at all levels of the competition. national advisor Many of the world’s greatest singers, among them Lawrence Brownlee, Anthony Roth Costanzo, Renée Fleming, Lisette Oropesa, Eric Owens, and Frederica von Stade, have won National Semifinals the Auditions. More than 100 former auditioners appear appear on the Met roster each season. Sunday, May 9, 2021 The National Council is grateful to its donors for prizes at the national level and to the Tobin Grand Finals Concert Endowment for the Mrs. Edgar Tobin Award, given to each first-place region winner. Sunday, May 16, 2021 Support for this program is generously provided by the Charles H. Dyson National Council The Semifinals and Grand Finals are Audition Program Endowment Fund at the Metropolitan Opera. currently scheduled to take place at the Met. -
1873–1875: Carmen • 211
l CHAPTER NINE ; 1873 1875 – : Carmen hile Bizet was writing wind pieces and orchestrating all 1200 pages Wof Carmen, Geneviève was with him in Bougival during the summer of 1874; at least that seems to have been the arrangement they came to, however pre- carious. There is strong evidence to suggest that Geneviève was more than usually friendly with one of her husband’s friends, Élie-Miriam Delaborde, a virtuoso pia- nist whose talent he inherited from his father, the equally remarkable Alkan, and who spent the summer nearby in Bougival. Bizet was aware of her warm feelings for Delaborde, which she did not hide.1 The manner in which members of the Halévy family destroyed or concealed crucial evidence suggests that something was amiss. The appearance, however, is of a threesome who got on well enough. Delaborde, like Bizet, enjoyed swimming. He was a vigorous athlete, an advocate of the pedal-piano, an experienced traveller, and the possessor of innumerable apes and parrots as pets—congenial and interesting company, in other words. The most significant pointer to Geneviève’s interest in Delaborde is the marriage contract they both signed in August 1876, scarcely a year after Bizet’s death.2 The marriage did not take place; both parties eventually married other spouses. But this is a mat- ter in which gossip passed down through the years seems for once to have been right. Geneviève nevertheless told Gounod later that there was not a moment of her six years with Bizet she would not want to live again.3 We have at the same time to contend with the parallel gossip that linked Bizet to Galli-Marié. -
PROGRAM NOTES Georges Bizet Suite No. 2 from L'arlésienne
PROGRAM NOTES by Phillip Huscher Georges Bizet Born October 25, 1838, Paris, France. Died June 3, 1875, Bougival, near Paris, France. Suite No. 2 from L'arlésienne Bizet composed incidental music for Alphonse Daudet's play L'arlésienne in 1872. Bizet drew a four- movement concert suite from the score, and in 1879, four years after the composer's death, Ernest Guiraud compiled a second suite of four selections, which is performed at these concerts. The orchestra consists of two flutes and piccolo, two oboes and english horn, two clarinets, two bassoons, alto saxophone, four horns, two trumpets and two cornets, three trombones, timpani, tambourine, bass drum, cymbals, harp, and strings. Performance time is approximately eighteen minutes. The Chicago Symphony Orchestra's first subscription concert performances of music from Bizet's L'arlésienne (the Suite no. 1) were given at the Auditorium Theatre on December 28 and 29, 1894, with Theodore Thomas conducting. The Orchestra's first performances of the Suite no. 2 were given at Orchestra Hall on November 29 and 30, 1912, with Frederick Stock conducting. Our most recent subscription concert performances of this suite were given on November 25, 27, and 28, 1987, with Erich Leinsdorf conducting. The Orchestra first performed music from L'arlésienne at the Ravinia Festival on July 8, 1941, with Sir Thomas Beecham conducting, and most recently on June 21, 1997, with Christoph Eschenbach conducting. The Chicago Symphony recorded both suites from L'arlésienne in 1967 under Jean Martinon for RCA. Under Frederick Stock, the Orchestra recorded the Farandole from the Second Suite in 1916 for Columbia. -
572270Bk Bizet US NEW 23/9/10 19:22 Page 12
572270bk Bizet US NEW 23/9/10 19:22 Page 12 tu seras notre juge), sotto voce, puis par l’ensemble des contrapuntique typique de ce genre de composition, le chanteurs. La troisième section, Te ergo quaesumus sujet fugué se voyant abrégé alors qu’il mène à l’hymne (Ainsi, nous Te prions), débute avec les bois, suivis des de louanges final, le même qui ouvrait le Te Deum. cordes avec sourdine qui accompagnent la soprano, bientôt rejointe par le chœur. Le Fiat misericordia tua Keith Anderson (Accorde-nous Ta miséricorde) final introduit l’écriture Traduction française de David Ylla-Somers ! "# $$ % ! & $ 8.572270 12 572270bk Bizet US NEW 23/9/10 19:22 Page 2 Georges Bizet (1838–1875) de perles, qui contient des éléments empruntés aux deux obtint un modeste succès au Théâtre-Lyrique en 1863, Clovis et Clotilde • Te Deum ouvrages. La cantate a fourni l’air de Leila du deuxième suivi, en 1867, par La jolie fille de Perth, produit dans la acte O courageuse enfant, et le Te Deum a été réutilisé même salle. En 1872, l’opéra Djamileh, monté à Clovis et Clotilde – Cantate à trois voix 34:26 pour une partie de l’invocation à Brahma du premier l’Opéra-Comique, essuya un échec, tout comme la Katarina Jovanovic, Soprano • Philippe Do, Tenor • Mark Schnaible, Bass acte. Clovis et Clotilde fut repris pour la première fois en partition originale du mélodrame L’Arlésienne, écrit en Orchestre National de Lille • Jean-Claude Casadesus 1988, à l’occasion de la célébration du cent collaboration avec Alphonse Daudet. -
Bizet's Music
Bizet’s Music It is one of the great tragedies of opera history that composer Georges Bizet’s short life was filled with so much pain, and that his short creative career would be marred by a crisis of confidence that affected his composing output for over a decade. However his name is immortal, if only for the creation of his final operatic masterpiece,Carmen . Just before his 10th birthday Bizet was admitted to the Paris Conservatoire, getting special dispensation as he had not reached the regulation age of entry. Once enrolled he continued to impress, and earned the admiration of the great French composer Charles Gounod. Bizet returned that admiration and, although in later years he would be critical of that composer’s work, Gounod’s style had a powerful effect on Bizet. The young student earned some money on the side by arranging some of Gounod’s music for him, an enterprise he would fall back on in later years when his composing failed to earn him enough money. Bizet was also a very talented pianist: as a young adult he attended a party where Liszt was present. Larisa Kostyuk as the title role in Carmen (COC, 2005). Bizet sight-read a very Photo: Michael Cooper challenging piece by the composer, who declared Bizet one of the three greatest pianists in Europe. * operetta: A genre of light opera, both in In 1855, at the age of 17, Bizet completed his Symphony in terms of music and subject C, a remarkable achievement, even moreso considering his matter, often featuring youth. -
Boston Symphony Orchestra Concert Programs, Season 12, 1892-1893
MECHANICS' HALL, WORCESTER. BOSTON SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA. ARTHUR NIKISCH, Conductor. 'twelfth Season, 1892-93. PROGRAMME OF THE THIRD CONCERT I Thursday Evening, February 16, At 7.45 o'clock. With Historical and Descriptive Notes prepared by William F. Apthorp. PUBLISHED BY C. A. ELLIS, MANAGER. : MAS0N AND HAMLIN IMPROVED PIANOS Represent that same High Standard of Excellence which has achieved a Reputation for their ORGANS AS THE STANDARB 0F THE WORLB, New " Liszt" MODEL, No. 804, These Instruments have been supplied to Churches, Convents, Sisters of Charity, Missionaries, and Schools the world over. L9GAI2 REPRESENTATIVES G. L SORHAM & GO M NQ. 454 MAIN STREET, WORCESTER. (2) BOSton Mechanics' Symphony H Hal1 - Orchestra season of 1892-93 Mr. ARTHUR NIKISCH, Conductor. Third Concert, Thursday Evening, February 16, At 745 o'clock. PROGRAMME. Ludwig van Beethoven - - - - - Symphony No. 2 ^ I. Adagio molto. D major.— Allegro con brio. D major. II. Larghetto. A major. III. Scherzo : Allegro D major. Trio : The same tempo. D major. IV. Allegro molto. D major. Busoni - "Spring Song,'' for Soprano and Orchestra " " Georges Bizet ----- Snite No. 1, from L'Arlesienne I. Prelude : Allegro deciso (tempo di marcia) (C minor) 4-4 - II. Minuetto : Allegro giocoso (C minor) 3-4 / - - - III. Adagietto : Adagio (F major) - 3-4 IV. Carillon : Allegretto moderato (B major) - - 3-4 Songs with Piano " i Ferrari -- -' - - - - - - " A une Fiancee :> Brahms --_-____-__ "Lullaby" </ j DeKoven -'-------- "Little Doris" ^/ lounod -_- _ _ _ - _ Hymn to St. Cecilia Solo Violin, Mr. FRANZ KNEISEL. iichard Wagner - - Prelude to "Die Meistersinger von Nuernberg" In very moderate movement, broad and weighty throughout (C major) ------- ___ 4.4 Soloist, Mrs. -
CARMEN Composer Biography: George Bizet
CARMEN Composer Biography: George Bizet Born in Paris on October 25, 1838, Georges Bizet was registered with the legal name Alexandre-César-Léopold Bizet, but was baptized Georges Bizet and was always known by the latter name. He entered the Paris Conservatory of Music a fortnight before his tenth birthday. Georges Bizet's first symphony, the Symphony in C Major, was written there when he was seventeen, evidently as a student assignment. It seems that Bizet completely forgot about it himself, and it was not discovered again until 1935, in the archives of the Conservatory library. Upon its first performance, it was immediately hailed as a junior masterwork and a welcome addition to the early Romantic period repertoire. A delightful work (and a prodigious one, from a seventeen-year-old boy), the symphony is noteworthy for bearing an amazing stylistic resemblance to the music of Franz Schubert, whose work was virtually unknown in Paris at that time (with the possible exception of a few of his songs). A second symphony, Roma was not completed. In 1857 a setting of the one-act operetta Le docteur Miracle won him a share in a prize offered by Jacques Offenbach. Georges Bizet also won the Music Composition scholarship of the Prix de Rome, the conditions of which required him to study in Rome for three years. There, his talent developed as he wrote such works as the opera Don Procopio. Apart from this period in Rome, Bizet lived in the Paris area all his life. His mother died shortly after his return to Paris.