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Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2009 Pacific Island Network

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Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2009 Pacific Island Network National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior Natural Resource Program Center Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2009 Pacific Island Network Natural Resource Data Series NPS/PACN/NRDS—2011/141 ON THE COVER Keaumo RAWS, on the slope of Mauna Loa, Hawaii. Photograph by: Karin Schlappa, CESU cooperator Annual Weather/Climate Data Summary 2009 Pacific Island Network Natural Data Series NPS/PACN/NRDS—2011/141 Karin Schlappa Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa Inventory and Monitoring P.O. Box 52 Hawai‘i National Park, HI 96718 Tonnie L.C. Casey National Park Service Inventory and Monitoring P.O. Box 52 Hawaii National Park, HI 96718 February 2011 U.S. Department of the Interior National Park Service Natural Resource Program Center Fort Collins, Colorado The National Park Service, Natural Resource Program Center publishes a range of reports that address natural resource topics of interest and applicability to a broad audience in the National Park Service and others in natural resource management, including scientists, conservation and environmental constituencies, and the public. The Natural Resource Data Series is intended for the timely release of basic data sets and data summaries. Care has been taken to assure accuracy of raw data values, but a thorough analysis and interpretation of the data has not been completed. Consequently, the initial analyses of data in this report are provisional and subject to change. All manuscripts in the series receive the appropriate level of peer review to ensure that the information is scientifically credible, technically accurate, appropriately written for the intended audience, and designed and published in a professional manner. Data in this report were collected and analyzed using methods based on established, peer- reviewed protocols and were analyzed and interpreted within the guidelines of the protocols. Views, statements, findings, conclusions, recommendations, and data in this report do not necessarily reflect views and policies of the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior. Mention of trade names or commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Government. This report is available from NPS Inventory and Monitoring, Pacific Island Network (http://science.nature.nps.gov/im/units/pacn/index.cfm) and the Natural Resource Publications Management website (http://www.nature.nps.gov/publications/NRPM). Please cite this publication as: Schlappa, K. B., T. L. C. Casey 2011. Annual weather/climate data summary 2009: Pacific Island Network. Natural Resource Data Series NPS/PACN/NRDS—2011/141. National Park Service, Fort Collins, Colorado. NPS 988/106895, February 2011 ii Contents Page Tables ............................................................................................................................................ vii Acknowledgments........................................................................................................................ viii Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Methods........................................................................................................................................... 8 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 11 El Niño/La Niña Conditions and Tropical Cyclone Activity ................................................ 11 Weather events in the Hawaiian Islands ................................................................................ 20 Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park (HAVO) ...................................................................... 20 Kaloko-Honokōhau (KAHO) and Pu‘uhonua o Hōnaunau (PUHO) National Historical Parks and Pu‘ukoholā Heiau (PUHE) National Historic Site ........................ 32 Kalaupapa National Historical Park ................................................................................ 37 Haleakalā National Park (HALE) .................................................................................... 40 Hawai‘i Drought Conditions .................................................................................................. 48 Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 51 Literature Cited ............................................................................................................................. 53 Appendix A. Monthly Wind Data ................................................................................................ 55 Appendix B. Maps Showing Station Locations ........................................................................... 65 Parks in the West and South Pacific ...................................................................................... 65 Parks on Hawai‘i Island ......................................................................................................... 67 Parks on Maui and Moloka‘i ................................................................................................. 70 iii Figures Page Figure 1. Map showing the extent of the Pacific Island Network; red dots indicate national park units. .......................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 2. Anatomy of a boxplot.. ................................................................................................... 9 Figure 3. Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones 01W-15W. ................................................. 11 Figure 4. South Pacific Tropical Cyclones 2008-2009. Arrow points to American Samoa (NPSA ............................................................................................................................... 12 Figure 5. 2009 North Central and Eastern Pacific Hurricane Season Summary. Hawaii is located by the red arrow. .............................................................................................. 13 Figure 6. Boxplot of precipitation data for Agat, (COOP) Guam................................................ 15 Figure 7. Boxplots of precipitation and temperature data for Guam NAS (COOP). ................... 16 Figure 8. Boxplots of precipitation and temperature data for Capitol Hill (COOP) near AMME, Saipan. .................................................................................................................... 18 Figure 9. Boxplots of precipitation and temperature data for Pago Pago WSO AP (COOP), Samoa. ........................................................................................................................... 19 Figure 10. Boxplots of precipitation and temperature data for Hawaii Vol NP HQ 54 (COOP), Hawaii. ........................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 11. Boxplot of precipitation and temperature data for Kahuku Mill Camp 6.3 (COOP). ........................................................................................................................................ 24 Figure 12. Boxplot of precipitation data for Kealakomo 38.8 (COOP), Hawaii. ........................ 24 Figure 13. 2009 data for the newly established Kealakomo RAWS, Hawaii station. Compare Kealakomo COOP data in previous figure for long-term data. ..................................... 25 Figure 14. Boxplot of precipitation data for Mauka Reservoir 3.11 (COOP), Hawaii. Note that all data are based on low observation frequencies. ....................................................... 25 Figure 15. Boxplot of precipitation data for Mauna Loa Slope Obs. 39, (COOP) Hawaii. .......................................................................................................................................... 26 Figure 16. Boxplots of precipitation and relative humidity for Keaumo (RAWS) Hawaii. .......................................................................................................................................... 27 Figure 17. Box plots of temperature data for Keaumo, (RAWS), Hawaii. .................................. 28 iv Figures (continued) Page Figure 18. Boxplots of precipitation and relative humidity data for Pali2 (RAWS), Hawaii. .......................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 19. Boxplots of temperature data from Pali 2, (RAWS), Hawaii. .................................... 30 Figure 20. Wind Rose Graph for Pali2, (RAWS), Hawaii……………...……………………….31 Figure 21. Wind Rose Graph for 2009 data for Keaumo, (RAWS) Hawaii. ............................... 31 Figure 22. Boxplot of precipitation data for Puuhonuaohonaunau 27.4 (COOP) Hawaii. .......................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 23. Boxplot of precipitation data for Honokohau Harbor 68.14 (COOP), Hawaii. .......................................................................................................................................... 34 Figure 24. Boxplots of precipitation and temperature data for Puukohola Heiau 98.1 (COOP), Hawaii. ..........................................................................................................................
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