DOCSLIB.ORG

In the Hawaiian Archipelago

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
In the Hawaiian Archipelago 98 SUBJECT INDEX HAWKSBILL ZBK2KOCHZLYS1KBRICATA! 30» 31 37»46» 4 7 55» 62» 76» 78» 80»105 1 10» 1 76 201 202» 217 258» 262» 264» 280 299» 333 348» 350 360» 379» 401» 440 447» 457» 460» 461» 462» 465» 468» 491» 492» 5 30»556» 557» 591» 594» 603» 629» 630, 636, 640, 653, 661. LEATHERBACK DEhFSCPELYS CVRIACEA!: 46, 47, 55, 80, 262, 264, 299, 350, 357, 379, 457» 460» 461» 465» 468» 489» 492» 5 71»5 76~ 5 81»594» 661 I OGGERHEAD CARZTTA CARLOTTA! . 20, 38, 85, 262, 351., 379. OLIVE RIDLEY ISP19?CBELYSOL2VACEA!: 262» 379, 459 CAPTIVEMAINTENANCE AND AQUACULTURE: 4, 5, 13, 15, 17, 18, 22, 34, 52, 59, 60, 67, 63, 83, 87, 88, 89, 98, 99, 100, 101, 118, 119, 120, 129, 130, 131, 134, 159, 164, 174, 183, 192, 193, 196, 206, 215, 221, 234, 259, 262, 264, 274, 278, 303, 340, 344, 407, 413, 420, 421, 422, 452, 459, 461, 462, 466, 467, 476, 477» 479» 494» 503» 504» 535» 544» 5 7S»576» 577~ 5 78~ 588» 596~ 598~ 601» 611, 613, 615, 616, 636, 638, 643 COMMERCIALCATCH STATISTICS: 47, 72, 176, 262, 264, 447, 454, 455, 456, 460, 462, 500, 501, 502, 505, 506, 507, 508, 509, 510, 511, 512, 513, 514, 515, 517, 518, 519, 520, 521, 594 TECHNIQUES4 7» 64» 85» 1 76»204» 209~ 229~ 249~ 264» 281» 339» 354~ 4 16» 457, 458, 4S9, 460, 486, 559, 583, 593 HAWAII STATELEG1SLATION BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS!: 3, 154» 155, 156, 157, 163, 164, 305, 328, 329, 337, 403, 553 99 HAWAIIAN CULTURE: 35, 41, 42, 72, 105, 109, 127, 137, 144, 145, 14b, 176, 185, 186, 190, 200, 212, 213, 214, 244, 247, 248, 249, 251, 252, 254, 262, 279, 281, 331, 341, 345, 346, 347, 348, 376, 377, 425, 426, 427, 430, 434, 450, 471, 484, 485, 489, 544, 656, 659 HAWAIIANLEGENDS: 106, 178, 179, 207, 224, 225, 226, 227, 239, 285, 423, 424, 431, 446, 488, 539, 540, 543 PACIFICOCEAN BIOLOGICAL SURVEY PROGRAM POBSP!: 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 92, 93, 96, 166, 167, 168, 170, 187, 188, 189, 223, 245, 250, 405, 444, 445, 451, 552 EPIZOICSANO DISEASES: 20, 71, 76, 85, 134, 205, 237, 255, 256, 257, 270~ 351 NATURALPREDATION: 20, 47, 49, 51, 62, '70, 71, 72, 73, 79, 86, 131, 230, 262, 265, 275, 350, 351, 399, 480, 481, 482, 487, 490, 492, 557, 658 Table l. Numberof Cheboniatagged throughout the HawaiianArchipelago since 1973. Location Immature Adul t Total male f ema le Kure Atoll 21 21 Midway Islands 66 Pearl and Hermes Reef Lisianski 23 33 Laysan Mero Reef Gardner Pinnacles French Frigate Shoals 130 122 483. 735 Necker 17 Nihoa Kaula Niihau/Lehua Kauai Oahu 75 83 Nolokai Lanai 28 30 Kahoolawe Hawaii 87 92 Total 444 140 518 1102 101 a4J Ch Vl CV 4Ul C! LPI W CX! OQ CO I I I I I I I I Vl Jf e CV Pl W CP Ch O ch Ch Ml W e Vl 4 Ch e 4 cV 8 0 0 8 0 hl 4 ch h 4 4 Ml Ch CV 'Cl CV CO CV O 0 0 - 0 0 0 0 I I I I I I I pl O Fl 0! 0 C! Pl 0 H CII Cl CO CO Q! CO IX! Vl h w O Ch cV 4 CV CV 6 Pl Ch CV CV Ch Ch Ch Ch CO Ch Ol Pl 4 vl % h C Ch 4 Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch Ch r4 102 00 n 00 r O pl H pl N cV 0j lrj Cr r I O ~ CG CV Ih CV CV ~ dj O O O O r- O O 4J Ch OI qj I I I I bb O 00 M 00 O cv O 4 00 C0 00 00 C0 CO 00 O00 O a W Ch Ch Ch A nl O H O Ch O R cV 00 Ch Ch Ch CO lA 00 M 40 0 O O e C4J Cj 4 O 'Cj 00 Ch W W CO O + O O O O O I I I I I I I 'cr CV N <tj ~ 0 O Vl Ch CV CJ 00 Ch 00 00 Cl 00 W A Ltl OPI r r a r r r Ch rrj Ch Ch Ch Ch 4 rrj Pl W Vl & W C0 Ch Ch Ch Ch M Ch Ch Ch 103 Table4. Summaryof growthrates andpro!ected years to maturity for greenturtles sampledat resident foraging areas in the HawaiianArchipelago. Growth rates Years to No. of Range of maturit 5-92 cm! growth intervals Location Ran e Mean Ran e Mean measurements in months Main Islands Kau, Hawaii .38-.52 .44 9-12 10. 8 7-17 No. captures 79 No. turtles---7> Bellows, Oahu .19-.21 .20 22-25 23. 8 13-22 No. captures--24 No. turtles- 21 Northwestern Islands Necker .14 33.9 20 No. captures 9 No. turtles- -7 French Frigate .02-.13 .08 36-237 59.4 19 3-36 Shoals No. captures-214 No. turtles--130 Lisianski .13 36. 5 No. captures--30 No. turtles- 23 Midway .03-.21 .09 23-158 52.8 6-37 No. captures-293 No. turtles--250 Kure .04-.12 .08 40-119 59.4 13-24 No. captures 23 No. turtles 21 * straight carapace length 104 Table 5. Nuaher of egg clutches laid by green turtles at East Island, French Frigate Shoals. 1974 1975 1974-1975 No. of egg No. of No, of No. of clutches turtles X turtles turtles 13 12. 1 7.0 20 9.6 31 28.7 53 53.0 84 40.4 20 18.5 34.0 54 26.0 26 24.1 6.0 32 15.4 12 11.1 12 5.7 4.6 5 2.4 0.9 0.5 To tal 108 100.0 100 100.0 208 100.1 Mean 2.1 1.4 1.8 105 Table 6. Internesting intervals of green turtles at East Island, French Frigate Shoals. 1974 1975 1974-1975 Interva1 No ~ of No. of No. of in da intervals X intervals intervals 8.0 6.7 7 7.9 12 17 23.0 26.7 21 23.6 13 26 35.1 13.3 28 31.5 14 13 17.6 33.3 18 20.2 15 10.8 13.3 10 11.2 16 2.7 6.7 3.4 17 1.4 18 1.4 To ta1 74 100.0 15 100.0 89 100.0 Mean 13.2 days 13.4 days 13.2 days Table 7. Results of 40 precounted egg clutches excavated and examined at East Island following the natural emergenceof hatchlings. Standard Mean deviation % of eggs hatched 76 ~ 7 24.2 0-100 % of hatchlings emerging at the surface 70.8 24 ' 0 0-97.6 % dead hatchlings in the nest 5.9 9.4 0-52.1 % of eggs with partially developed but dead embryos 10.8 9 ' 9 0-50.0 % of eggs with no apparent development presumably infertile! 12.5 22.4 0-100 106 CS Cf oS H 'cj of If 4J 4 0 Cfl IS Of W W C4 CV ~ CI h CV Ig Pl CV Pl I4 LI IO 4J 8 of OI 4J 0 0 IN I 0 ~ 0 W Vl U 4J of g N 4 4l R < Cf CI V Cf N of 4 U of 8 4J 0 of of ~ Co 5 0 + W 4J 0 4J 0 Cf SOOI 4JFl I Am Q Pl CN 4 ar CO Cj 0 g CV 0 O cv W O 0 0 CV W h IS 0 V Cf of Cf '4 N CO Ch Ch Ch OI Ol OI M Ol 107 Table 9. Food sources recorded for green turtles in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Location Princi al constituents Other food sources Hawaii R* Pteroe ladia capi l lacea Amansia glomerata oui Pterocladia capi 27acea Kahoolawe GeluEium sp. Lanai R Amansia glomerata Hypnea cervicornis Acanthophora spici fera Champia parvula B Sargassum po lyphy l lum ~vei l lea j ungermannioides Gracz.laruz sp. Codium phasmaticum Dictyota acute loba Padina japonica Halophi la havaiiana Oahu G - Codium edule GeHdiel la acerosa Codium arabicum Gelidium pueil lum Codium phasmaticum Graci lar6z coronopi fo gaia Ulva fasciata Graci laria buzsapastori s Ulva reticulata Hypnea musci formi s R Pterocladia capillacea Hypnea chordacea Amansia glomer ata Hypnea cernicorni s Ahnfektia concinna Acanthophora epici fera Grateloupia' fi licina Caulerpa serrulata Caulerpa sertu~oides Dictyosphaeria versluysii Enteromorpha sp. Cladophora fasicularie Dictyota acute loba Padina japonica BG Lyngbya nnJuecula A Halophi la hazdaiiana I Chondro sia chucal la Qongia oceania Brachidontes crebri striatus Kauai R - Ptezocladia capi l lacea Necker G - Caulerpa racemosa Halimeda discoidea Amansia glomerata Hypnea sp. l08 Table 9 continued! Location Princi al constituents Other food sources French Frigate G - Codkum arabhcum Lobophora varhegata Shoals Codi um phasmati curn Posenvhngea orientalhs Codium edule Sphacelaria trhbuloidee Caul erpa racemoea Roschera sp. Viva fasciata R Grach Zarha new species B 24Pbtnar'LQ ox'nata Poro li thon gardhneH R Spyrhdha fi Zamentosa Ceramium sp. Polysiphonia sp. Lhagora sp. iKcrodictyon setchellhanum Chlor odesmis hi ldebrandtii Halimeda Chscoidea BG Hicroco l eus lyngbyaceus I Physalia phyealhe Cerithiidae Anthrozoa Asterionella notata Laysan Spyridha fhlamentosa Amaneha glomer ata PKcrodhctyon japonicum Pseudobryopshs oahuenshs Ha Zhmeda Checoidea Tcubinaria orna' Padi na crnssa Zonarha varhegata Lisianski G - Caulerpa racemosa GeZhdhopshs sp. B Fur bhnaria ornata Pterocladia capi 2 lacea Jania capi l lacea Polyshphonha sp.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary of 2016 Reef Fish Surveys Around Kahoolawe Island 1
    doi:10.7289/V5/DR-PIFSC-17-011 Summary of 2016 Reef Fish Surveys around Kahoolawe Island 1 Results and information presented here summarize data gathered by the Coral Reef Ecosystem Program (CREP) of NOAA’s Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center and partners during 2 days of reef fish and habitat surveys around Kahoolawe Island in July/August 2016. Surveys were conducted as part of the NOAA National Coral Reef Monitoring Program. Surveys were conducted using a standard sampling design and method implemented by NOAA’s Pacific Reef Assessment and Monitoring Program (Pacific RAMP) since 2009. In brief, pairs of divers record numbers, sizes, and species of fishes inside adjacent 15m-diameter ‘point- count’ cylinders and estimate benthic cover by functional groups (e.g. ‘coral’, ‘sand’). Because it is unpopulated and protected, Kahoolawe is an important reference location in in the main Hawaiian Islands and may also be a significant source of larvae and fish recruits for other parts of Maui-nui and perhaps beyond. Therefore, CREP hopes to routinely survey Kahoolawe reefs during future monitoring efforts. However, as 2016 was the first year for Kahoolawe surveys, we have a relatively small sample size there - 24 sites - in comparison to other Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI: between 107 and 257 survey sites per island). Main conclusions and observations: • Reef fish biomass was high at most sites we visited in Kahoolawe, with mean island-wide biomass higher than at any other of the MHI, although only marginally higher than at Niihau. Biomass tended to be slightly higher at sites along the southern section of the island.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of Hawaii Reefs
    11 Geology of Hawaii Reefs Charles H. Fletcher, Chris Bochicchio, Chris L. Conger, Mary S. Engels, Eden J. Feirstein, Neil Frazer, Craig R. Glenn, Richard W. Grigg, Eric E. Grossman, Jodi N. Harney, Ebitari Isoun, Colin V. Murray-Wallace, John J. Rooney, Ken H. Rubin, Clark E. Sherman, and Sean Vitousek 11.1 Geologic Framework The eight main islands in the state: Hawaii, Maui, Kahoolawe , Lanai , Molokai , Oahu , Kauai , of the Hawaii Islands and Niihau , make up 99% of the land area of the Hawaii Archipelago. The remainder comprises 11.1.1 Introduction 124 small volcanic and carbonate islets offshore The Hawaii hot spot lies in the mantle under, or of the main islands, and to the northwest. Each just to the south of, the Big Island of Hawaii. Two main island is the top of one or more massive active subaerial volcanoes and one active submarine shield volcanoes (named after their long low pro- volcano reveal its productivity. Centrally located on file like a warriors shield) extending thousands of the Pacific Plate, the hot spot is the source of the meters to the seafloor below. Mauna Kea , on the Hawaii Island Archipelago and its northern arm, the island of Hawaii, stands 4,200 m above sea level Emperor Seamount Chain (Fig. 11.1). and 9,450 m from seafloor to summit, taller than This system of high volcanic islands and asso- any other mountain on Earth from base to peak. ciated reefs, banks, atolls, sandy shoals, and Mauna Loa , the “long” mountain, is the most seamounts spans over 30° of latitude across the massive single topographic feature on the planet.
    [Show full text]
  • Photographing the Islands of Hawaii
    Molokai Sea Cliffs - Molokai, Hawaii Photographing the Islands of Hawaii by E.J. Peiker Introduction to the Hawaiian Islands The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight primary islands and many atolls that extend for 1600 miles in the central Pacific Ocean. The larger and inhabited islands are what we commonly refer to as Hawaii, the 50 th State of the United States of America. The main islands, from east to west, are comprised of the Island of Hawaii (also known as the Big Island), Maui, Kahoolawe, Molokai, Lanai, Oahu, Kauai, and Niihau. Beyond Niihau to the west lie the atolls beginning with Kaula and extending to Kure Atoll in the west. Kure Atoll is the last place on Earth to change days and the last place on Earth to ring in the new year. The islands of Oahu, Maui, Kauai and Hawaii (Big Island) are the most visited and developed with infrastructure equivalent to much of the civilized world. Molokai and Lanai have very limited accommodation options and infrastructure and have far fewer people. All six of these islands offer an abundance of photographic possibilities. Kahoolawe and Niihau are essentially off-limits. Kahoolawe was a Navy bombing range until recent years and has lots of unexploded ordinance. It is possible to go there as part of a restoration mission but one cannot go there as a photo destination. Niihau is reserved for the very few people of 100% Hawaiian origin and cannot be visited for photography if at all. Neither have any infrastructure. Kahoolawe is photographable from a distance from the southern shores of Maui and Niihau can be seen from the southwestern part of Kauai.
    [Show full text]
  • Important Bird Areas in Hawaii Elepaio Article
    Globally Important Bird Areas in the Hawaiian Islands: Final Report Dr. Eric A. VanderWerf Pacific Rim Conservation 3038 Oahu Avenue Honolulu, HI 96822 9 June 2008 Prepared for the National Audubon Society, Important Bird Areas Program, Audubon Science, 545 Almshouse Road, Ivyland, PA 18974 3 of the 17 globally Important Bird Areas in Hawai`i, from top to bottom: Lehua Islet Hanawī Natural Area Reserve, Maui Hanalei National Wildlife Refuge, Kauai All photos © Eric VanderWerf Hawaii IBAs VanderWerf - 2 INTRODUCTION TO THE IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS PROGRAM The Important Bird Areas (IBA) Program is a global effort developed by BirdLife International, a global coalition of partner organizations in more than 100 countries, to assist with identification and conservation of areas that are vital to birds and other biodiversity. The IBA Program was initiated by BirdLife International in Europe in the 1980's. Since then, over 8,000 sites in 178 countries have been identified as Important Bird Areas, with many national and regional IBA inventories published in 19 languages. Hundreds of these sites and millions of acres have received better protection as a result of the IBA Program. As the United States Partner of BirdLife International, the National Audubon Society administers the IBA Program in the U.S., which was launched in 1995 (see http://www.audubon.org/bird/iba/index.html). Forty-eight states have initiated IBA programs, and more than 2,100 state-level IBAs encompassing over 220 million acres have been identified across the country. Information about these sites will be reviewed by the U.S. IBA Committee to confirm whether they qualify for classification as sites of continental or global significance.
    [Show full text]
  • Nihoa Manawai Holoikauaua Pearl & Hermes Atoll Kapou Papa'āpoho Lisianski Island Kamole Kauō Laysan Island Kamokuokamohoali'i Ko'anako'a Maro Reef
    175°E 180° 175°W 170°W 165°W 160°W 155°W 150°W 35°N 35°N North America Japan Map Area Photo by Dan Clark/USFWS Hawaiian Islands Photo by Na‘alehu Anthony P a c i f i c Seabird Refuge A Living Hawaiian Culture O c e a n The monument is home to over 14 million seabirds 30°N Hiryū USS Yorktown Equator representing 23 species. This includes the world's Traditional Hawaiian accounts describe largest colonies of Laysan and black-footed Papahānaumokuākea as a sacred area from which Rapa Sōryū albatross. Pictured above is the world's oldest life first emerged and to which spirits return after Nui Australia known bird in the wild – a Laysan albatross named 30°N death. Akagi Wisdom! Banded in 1956 when she was at least five Kaga years old, Wisdom may have hatched more than 36 New Zealand chicks in her lifetime. Hōlanikū Manawai Unnamed Holoikauaua Mokupāpapa Seamount Kure Atoll Pearl & Hermes Atoll 582,578 square miles, only six square miles of land Helsley Seamount Ladd Seamount Kamole Kauō ‘Ōnūnui, ‘Ōnūiki Photo by Mark Sullivan/NOAA Laysan Island Photo by NOAA/OER Endemic Sanctuary Pūhāhonu New Discoveries The monument is home to many species found Kuaihelani Gardner Pinnacles The majority of the seafloor in the Northwestern nowhere else on Earth and is a critically important Pihemanu Salmon Hawaiian Islands lies at depths below 10,000 feet nesting ground for green sea turtles and breeding Bank (3,000 meters). Using advanced technologies like ground for Hawaiian monk seals.
    [Show full text]
  • Petrology of Volcanic Rocks from Kaula Island, Hawaii Implications for the Origin of Hawaiian Phonolites
    Contributions to Contrib Mineral Petrol (1986) 94:461-471 Mineralogy and Petrology Springer-Verlag 1986 Petrology of volcanic rocks from Kaula Island, Hawaii Implications for the origin of Hawaiian phonolites Michael O. Garcia 1, Frederick A. Frey 2, and David G. Grooms 1 * 1 Hawaii Institute of Geophysics, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 2 Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA Abstract. A compositionally diverse suite of volcanic rocks, visited the island by helicopter courtesy of the U.S. Navy. including tholeiites, phonolites, basanites and nephelinites, Abundant unexploded ordnance, bird nests (total bird pop- occurs as accidental blocks in the palagonitic tuff of Kaula ulation >45,000) and steep cliffs surrounding the island Island. The Kaula phonolites are the only documented made sample collection hazardous. phonolites from the Hawaiian Ridge. Among the accidental Kaula Island consists of approximately 160 m of well- blocks, only the phonolites and a plagioclase basanite were bedded, palagonitic tuff (Fig. 2). The tuff contains acciden- amenable to K-Ar age dating. They yielded ages of tal fragments of light gray (phonolite) and dark gray (ba- 4.0-4.2 Ma and 1.8 ___0.2 Ma, respectively. Crystal fraction- salt) volcanic rocks, coralline material, coarse-grained ultra- ation modeling of major and trace element data indicates mafic and marie xenoliths (including spinel pyroxenites, that the phonolites could be derived from a plagioclase garnet pyroxenites, spinel peridotites and dunites) and me- basanite by subtraction of 27% clinopyroxene, 21% plagio- gacrysts (augite, anorthoclase, olivine, Al-spinel and titano- clase, 16% anorthoclase, 14% olivine, 4% titanomagnetite magnetite).
    [Show full text]
  • The Hawaiian Island of Ni`Ihau, Although Technically Part of The
    Forbidden BY DAVID BURNEY, Ph.D. sland he Hawaiian Island of Ni`ihau, although technically part of the United States, is probably less known to most Americans than any other part of the country. Just under 18 miles to the southwest of the major international tourist destination of Kaua`i lies the mysterious T“Forbidden Island.” This nickname is apt, because it is the invitation-only property of the legendary Robinson family, descendants of the Scottish Sinclairs who bought the island from King Kamehameha V in 1864 for $10,000I and a baby grand piano. It is also, in a sense, the last stronghold of Hawaiian as the primary language and where Hawaiian culture has been passed down directly from the ancestors for centuries with little intervention from Western culture — except for the residents’ strong Christian faith. Owners of this island have kept the modern world at bay to a remarkable extent. In recent years the population, which almost certainly contains a higher percentage of people of nearly pure Hawaiian ancestry than any other, has been slowly decreasing — from about 200 to recently where less than 40 residents were on the island for several months at a time — as families seek employment opportunities along Kaua`i’s south shore or farther afield. The Robinson’s enterprises on the island until of late included the cattle and sheep ranch, a charcoal-making operation utilizing the invasive kiawe trees, and a honey business whose yearly production was measured in tons. Picture above: Kamehameha V, King of the Sandwich Islands. Copyright: Corbis. 1 ne of the island’s most famous creatures that, lacking the exotic fish that inhabit traditional industries is, the shallow waters in much of the archipelago, however, still very much alive provide sustenance for hundreds of Hawaiian and wherever Niihauans have Stilts, large wading birds with bold black and white migrated: the creation of the feathers and very long, bright red legs.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 67, No. 165/Monday, August 26, 2002/Proposed Rules
    54766 Federal Register / Vol. 67, No. 165 / Monday, August 26, 2002 / Proposed Rules DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Paul of critical habitat would likely increase Henson, at the above address, phone the threats from vandalism or collection Fish and Wildlife Service 808/541–3441, facsimile 808/541–3470. of these species on the islands on which SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: they occur. Critical habitat was not 50 CFR Part 17 proposed for six species (Acaena Background exigua, Cenchrus agrimonioides var. RIN 1018–AG71, 1018–AH70, 1018–AH08, On January 28, 2002, April 3, 2002, laysanensis, Cyanea copelandii ssp. 1018–AH09, 1018–AH02, and 1018–AI24 April 5, 2002, and May 14, 2002, the copelandii, Cyrtandra crenata, Melicope Service published revised proposed quadrangularis, and Ochrosia Endangered and Threatened Wildlife critical habitat designations and non- kilaueaensis) which had not been seen and Plants; Designations and Non- designations for plant species listed recently in the wild and for which no designations of Critical Habitat for under the Endangered Species Act of viable genetic material of these species Plant Species From the Islands of 1973, as amended (Act), known was known to exist. Kauai, Niihau, Maui, Kahoolawe, historically from the islands of Kauai Comments from the public regarding Molokai, Northwestern Hawaiian and Niihau, Maui and Kahoolawe, these proposed rules are sought, Islands, HI, and Oahu, HI Molokai, and the Northwestern especially regarding: Hawaiian Islands respectively (67 FR (1) The reasons why critical habitat AGENCY: Fish and Wildlife Service, 3940, 67 FR 15856, 67 FR 16492, and 67 for any of these species is prudent or not Interior.
    [Show full text]
  • Nihoa Finch Telespiza Ultima
    Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Passerines Nihoa finch Telespiza ultima SPECIES STATUS: Federally Listed as Endangered State Listed as Endangered State Recognized as Endemic NatureServe Heritage Rank G1—Critically Imperiled IUCN Red List Ranking—Critically Endangered Photo: Craig Rowland, USFWS Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Passerines Recovery Plan— USFWS 1984 SPECIES INFORMATION: The Nihoa finch is an omnivorous, ground-nesting Hawaiian honeycreeper (Family: Fringillidae) endemic to Nihoa Island in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI). Nihoa finches have black legs, large feet, and sturdy bills suitable for seed- eating, but in all body dimensions they are smaller than the congeneric Laysan finches. Males and females have different plumage; males are a brighter yellow over a larger proportion of their head and body than females. Nihoa finches are known to feed on seeds, fruits, leaves, flowers, stems, seedlings, roots, carrion, invertebrates, and eggs. Although their social behavior has not been thoroughly studied, Nihoa finches are thought to be similar to Laysan finches in being non-territorial outside of the breeding season. During breeding season, males defend nest sites in rock crevices, while females construct nests and incubate eggs. Females rely upon males for nuptial feedings during the incubation period. DISTRIBUTION: Restricted to the approximately 63 hectare (156 acre) area of Nihoa Island. An introduced population at Tern Island, French Frigate Shoals, was extinct by the early 1980s. ABUNDANCE: The most recent population estimate is 2,800 birds based on surveys conducted in 2007. LOCATION AND CONDITION OF KEY HABITAT: Resides year-round on the steep-sided, rocky, and shrub-covered island of Nihoa. Finches prefer open but vegetated habitat and forage in all areas of the island.
    [Show full text]
  • Critical Habitat for 83 Plant Species from Kauai and Niihau
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Critical Habitat for 83 Plant Species from Kauai and Niihau Under the Endangered Species Act, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is charged with designating critical habitat for threatened and endangered species whenever it is determined to be prudent and determinable. A proposed rule to designate critical habitat for listed species on the islands of Kauai and Niihau was published in the Federal Register in November 2000. Comments received during the public review period and beyond led to extensive changes in the proposal. Rather than publish a final rule, we are publishing a revised proposed rule to allow interested parties the opportunity to again submit comments. What changes were made from the original proposed rule? Our November 2000 proposal has been significantly revised in response to new biological information and public comments received. These changes are summarized below; more detailed information can be found in the revised proposed rule. Critical habitat was determined to be Photo by Greg Koob/USFWS prudent for additional species: Brighamia insignis or olulu •Critical habitat for Phyllostegia incompletum) that no longer occur on byrone, Mariscus pennatiformis, and waimeae was determined to be “not Kauai but are reported from one or Phlegmariurus nutans) that once prudent” in the November 2000 rule more other islands. However, for occurred on Kauai and are reported based on the fact that this species had three of these species (Achyranthes from one or more other islands. The not been seen recently in the wild and mutica, Isodendrion pyrifolium, and revised Kauai critical habitat proposal no viable genetic material was known Solanum incompletum), critical includes unoccupied areas on Kauai to exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Habitat Loss and the Long-Term Viability of the French Frigate Shoals Hawaiian Monk Seal Subpopulation
    Terrestrial Habitat Loss and the Long-term Viability of the French Frigate Shoals Hawaiian Monk Seal Subpopulation Jason D. Baker, Albert L. Harting, Thea C. Johanos, Joshua M. London, Michelle M. Barbieri, and Charles L. Littnan U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Marine Fisheries Service Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-107 https://doi.org/10.25923/76vx-ve75 August 2020 Terrestrial Habitat Loss and the Long-term Viability of the French Frigate Shoals Hawaiian Monk Seal Subpopulation Jason D. Baker1, Albert L. Harting2, Thea C. Johanos1, Joshua M. London3, Michelle M. Barbieri1, and Charles L. Littnan1 1 Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service 1845 Wasp Boulevard Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 2 Harting Biological Consulting 8898 Sandy Creek Lane Bozeman, Montana 59715 3 Marine Mammal Laboratory Alaska Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service 7600 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, Washington 98115 NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-PIFSC-107 August 2020 U.S. Department of Commerce Wilbur L. Ross, Jr., Secretary National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Neil A. Jacobs, Ph.D., Acting NOAA Administrator National Marine Fisheries Service Chris Oliver, Assistant Administrator for Fisheries ii Recommended citation Baker JD, Harting AL, Johanos TC, London JM, Barbieri MM, Littnan CL. 2020. Terrestrial habitat loss and the long-term viability of the French Frigate Shoals Hawaiian monk seal subpopulation. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, NOAA Technical Memorandum NOAA-TM-NMFS- PIFSC-107, 34 p. doi:10.25923/76vx-ve75 Copies of this report are available from Science Operations Division Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center National Marine Fisheries Service National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 1845 Wasp Boulevard, Building #176 Honolulu, Hawaii 96818 Or online at https://repository.library.noaa.gov/ Cover: Seals on Tern Island, July 1985.
    [Show full text]
  • The Natural History of French Frigate Shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands
    ATOLL RESEARCH BULLETIN NO. 150 THE NATURAL HISTORY OF FRENCH FRIGATE SHOALS, NORTHWESTERN HAWAIIAN ISLANDS by A. Binion Amerson, Jr. Issued by THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION with the assistance of The Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife US. Department of the Interior Washington D.C., U.S.A. December 20, 1971 days at French Frigate Shoals on 10 different survey trips. The initial results of BSFW and POBSP investigations, as well as previously published material, are discussed herein; special emphasis is focused on the vertebrate terrestrial fauna and the vascular flora. DESCRIPTION French Frigate Shoals, lying between the latitudes of 2j027'18" and Y3°52'50" North and the longitudes 166"Oj114" and 166°2~'~4"West (USCGS Chart 4172), is given an official location of 2j045'N x 166°10'W by the U.S. Department of the Interior (Office of Geography, 1956: 6). In 1786 La Perouse (1799) named this new atoll --Basee dee Fregates Francaisee, or Shoal of the French Frigates, because it nearly proved to be the termination of his voyage. Several variations of the name have been used over the years--French Frigate Shoal, French Frigates Shoal, and French Frigate Shoals. On 1 October 1924 the U.S. Geographic Board of Names selected French Frigate Shoal as the official name. In July 1954, however, the Board changed its collective mind and adopted French Frigate Shoals. The atoll consists of a crescent-shaped reef on a 20-fathom-deep oval platform,1 whose long axis is 19 nautical miles in a northwest to southeast direction (Fig. 2).
    [Show full text]