Check List Lists of Species Check List 12(6): 1997, 19 November 2016 Doi: ISSN 1809-127X © 2016 Check List and Authors
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Anuran Community of a Cocoa Agroecosystem in Southeastern Brazil
SALAMANDRA 51(3) 259–262 30 October 2015 CorrespondenceISSN 0036–3375 Correspondence Anuran community of a cocoa agroecosystem in southeastern Brazil Rogério L. Teixeira1,2, Rodrigo B. Ferreira1,3, Thiago Silva-Soares4, Marcio M. Mageski5, Weslei Pertel6, Dennis Rödder7, Eduardo Hoffman de Barros1 & Jan O. Engler7 1) Ello Ambiental, Av. Getúlio Vargas, 500, Colatina, Espirito Santo, Brazil, CEP 29700-010 2) Laboratorio de Ecologia de Populações e Conservação, Universidade Vila Velha. Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Boa Vista, Vila Velha, ES, Brasil. CEP 29102-920 3) Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Laboratório de Zoologia, Avenida José Ruschi, no 04, Centro, CEP 29.650-000, Santa Teresa, Espírito Santo, Brazil 4) Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Museu Nacional, Dept. Vertebrados, Lab. de Herpetologia, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 5) Universidade Vila Velha, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas, Rua Comissário José Dantas de Melo, 21, Vila Velha, 29102-770, Espírito Santo, Brazil 6) Instituto Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos – IEMA, Rodovia BR 262, Cariacica, 29140-500, Espírito Santo, Brazil 7) Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Division of Herpetology, Adenauerallee 160, 53113, Bonn, Germany Correspondence: Rodrigo B. Ferreira, e-mail: [email protected] Manuscript received: 21 July 2014 Accepted: 30 September 2014 by Stefan Lötters Brazil’s Atlantic Forest is considered a biodiversity ern Brazil. Fieldwork was carried out on approximately “hotspot” (Myers et al. 2000). Originally, this biome cov- 2,500 m² at the Fazenda José Pascoal (19°28’ S, 39°54’ W), ered ca. 1,350,000 km² along the east coast of Brazil (IBGE district of Regência, municipality of Linhares, state of Es- 1993). -
A Survey of the Leaf-Litter Frog Assembly from an Atlantic Forest Area
Tropical Zoology 20: 99-108, 2007 A survey of the leaf-litter frog assembly from an Atlantic forest area (Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu) in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil, with an estimate of frog densities C.F.D. ROCHA 1,, D. VRCIBRADIC 1, M.C. KIEFER 1, M. ALMEIDA-GOMES 1, V.N.T. BORGES-JUNIOR 1, P.C.F. CARNEIRO 1, R.V. MARRA 1, P. ALMEIDA- SANTOS 1, C.C. SIQUEIRA 1, P. GOYANNES-ARAÚJO 1, C.G.A. FERNANDES 1, E.C.N. RUBIÃO 2 and M. VAN SLUYS 1 1 Departamento de Ecologia, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcântara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 20550-013, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil 2 Parque Estadual Três Picos, Cachoeiras de Macacu, RJ, Brazil Received 30 January 2006, accepted 15 September 2006 We studied the leaf-litter frog community of the Reserva Ecológica de Gua- piaçu (REGUA), in Rio de Janeiro State, southeastern Brazil, and present data on species composition and frog densities. We combined three sampling meth- ods: large plots, transects and pit-fall traps. We recorded 12 frog species associ- ated with forest leaf-litter: Adenomera marmorata Steindachmer 1867, Leptodac- tylus ocellatus (Linnaeus 1758), and Physalaemus signifer (Girard 185) (Lepto- dactylidae); Eleutherodactylus binotatus (Spix 1824), E. guentheri (Steindachmer 1864), E. octavioi Bokermann 1965, and Euparkerella cochranae Izechsohn 1988 (Brachycephalidae); Proceratophrys boiei (Wied-Neuwied 1821) (Cycloramphi- dae); Chaunus ornatus Spix 1824 and Chaunus ictericus Spix 1824 (Bufonidae); Chiasmocleis carvalhoi Cruz et al. 1997 (Microhylidae); and Scinax aff. x-signatus (Spix 1824) (Hylidae). The area had a relatively high overall density (8.4 ind/100 m2) of leaf-litter frogs compared to other Atlantic forest areas. -
For Review Only
Page 63 of 123 Evolution Moen et al. 1 1 2 3 4 5 Appendix S1: Supplementary data 6 7 Table S1 . Estimates of local species composition at 39 sites in Middle America based on data summarized by Duellman 8 9 10 (2001). Locality numbers correspond to Table 2. References for body size and larval habitat data are found in Table S2. 11 12 Locality and elevation Body Larval Subclade within Middle Species present Hylid clade 13 (country, state, specific location)For Reviewsize Only habitat American clade 14 15 16 1) Mexico, Sonora, Alamos; 597 m Pachymedusa dacnicolor 82.6 pond Phyllomedusinae 17 Smilisca baudinii 76.0 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 18 Smilisca fodiens 62.6 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 19 20 21 2) Mexico, Sinaloa, Mazatlan; 9 m Pachymedusa dacnicolor 82.6 pond Phyllomedusinae 22 Smilisca baudinii 76.0 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 23 Smilisca fodiens 62.6 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 24 Tlalocohyla smithii 26.0 pond Middle American Tlalocohyla 25 Diaglena spatulata 85.9 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 26 27 28 3) Mexico, Durango, El Salto; 2603 Hyla eximia 35.0 pond Middle American Hyla 29 m 30 31 32 4) Mexico, Jalisco, Chamela; 11 m Dendropsophus sartori 26.0 pond Dendropsophus 33 Exerodonta smaragdina 26.0 stream Middle American Plectrohyla clade 34 Pachymedusa dacnicolor 82.6 pond Phyllomedusinae 35 Smilisca baudinii 76.0 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 36 Smilisca fodiens 62.6 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 37 38 Tlalocohyla smithii 26.0 pond Middle American Tlalocohyla 39 Diaglena spatulata 85.9 pond Middle American Smilisca clade 40 Trachycephalus venulosus 101.0 pond Lophiohylini 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 Evolution Page 64 of 123 Moen et al. -
HÁBITO ALIMENTAR DA RÃ INVASORA Lithobates Catesbeianus (SHAW, 1802) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ANUROS NATIVOS NA ZONA DA MATA DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL
EMANUEL TEIXEIRA DA SILVA HÁBITO ALIMENTAR DA RÃ INVASORA Lithobates catesbeianus (SHAW, 1802) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ANUROS NATIVOS NA ZONA DA MATA DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. VIÇOSA MINAS GERAIS - BRASIL 2010 EMANUEL TEIXEIRA DA SILVA HÁBITO ALIMENTAR DA RÃ INVASORA Lithobates catesbeianus (SHAW, 1802) E SUA RELAÇÃO COM ANUROS NATIVOS NA ZONA DA MATA DE MINAS GERAIS, BRASIL Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, como parte das exigências do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal, para obtenção do título de Magister Scientiae. APROVADA: 09 de abril de 2010 __________________________________ __________________________________ Prof. Renato Neves Feio Prof. José Henrique Schoereder (Coorientador) (Coorientador) __________________________________ __________________________________ Prof. Jorge Abdala Dergam dos Santos Prof. Paulo Christiano de Anchietta Garcia _________________________________ Prof. Oswaldo Pinto Ribeiro Filho (Orientador) Aos meus pais, pelo estímulo incessante que sempre me forneceram desde que rabisquei aqueles livros da série “O mundo em que vivemos”. ii AGRADECIMENTOS Quantas pessoas contribuíram para a realização deste trabalho! Dessa forma, é tarefa difícil listar todos os nomes... Mas mesmo se eu me esquecer de alguém nesta seção, a ajuda prestada não será esquecida jamais. Devo deixar claro que os agradecimentos presentes na minha monografia de graduação são também aqui aplicáveis, uma vez que aquele trabalho está aqui continuado. Por isso, vou me ater principalmente àqueles cuja colaboração foi indispensável durante estes últimos dois anos. Agradeço à Universidade Federal de Viçosa, pela estrutura física e humana indispensável à realização deste trabalho, além de tudo o que me ensinou nestes anos. -
Identification of the Taxonomic Status of Scinax Nebulosus and Scinax Constrictus (Scinaxinae, Anura) Based on Molecular Markers T
Brazilian Journal of Biology https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.225646 ISSN 1519-6984 (Print) Original Article ISSN 1678-4375 (Online) Identification of the taxonomic status of Scinax nebulosus and Scinax constrictus (Scinaxinae, Anura) based on molecular markers T. M. B. Freitasa* , J. B. L. Salesb , I. Sampaioc , N. M. Piorskia and L. N. Weberd aUniversidade Federal do Maranhão – UFMA, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes, Programa de Pós-graduação Bionorte, Grupo de Taxonomia, Biogeografia, Ecologia e Conservação de Peixes do Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brasil bUniversidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade – CEABIO, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia Aquática e Pesca – PPGEAP, Grupo de Investigação Biológica Integrada – GIBI, Belém, PA, Brasil cUniversidade Federal do Pará – UFPA, Instituto de Estudos Costeiros – IECOS, Laboratório e Filogenomica e Bioinformatica, Programa de Pós-graduação Biologia Ambiental – PPBA, Grupo de Estudos em Genética e Filogenômica, Bragança, PA, Brasil dUniversidade Federal do Sul da Bahia – UFSB, Centro de Formação em Ciências Ambientais, Instituto Sosígenes Costa de Humanidades, Artes e Ciências, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Zoologia, Programa de Pós-graduação Bionorte, Grupo Biodiversidade da Fauna do Sul da Bahia, Porto Seguro, BA, Brasil *e-mail: [email protected] Received: June 26, 2019 – Accepted: May 4, 2020 – Distributed: November 30, 2021 (With 4 figures) Abstract The validation of many anuran species is based on a strictly descriptive, morphological analysis of a small number of specimens with a limited geographic distribution. The Scinax Wagler, 1830 genus is a controversial group with many doubtful taxa and taxonomic uncertainties, due a high number of cryptic species. -
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Biota Neotrop., vol. 9, no. 2 Composição, uso de hábitat e estações reprodutivas das espécies de anuros da floresta de restinga da Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, sudeste do Brasil Patrícia Narvaes1, Jaime Bertoluci2,3 & Miguel Trefaut Rodrigues1 1Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo – USP CP 11461, CEP 05422-970, São Paulo, SP, Brasil e-mails: [email protected], [email protected], http://marcus.ib.usp.br/. 2Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo – USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, CEP 13418-900, Piracicaba, SP, Brasil. e-mail: [email protected], http://www.lcb.esalq.usp.br/ 3Autor para correspondência: Jaime Bertoluci, email: [email protected] NARVAES, P., BERTOLUCI, J. & RODRIGUES, M.T. Species composition, habitat use and breeding seasons of anurans of the restinga forest of the Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Southeastern Brazil. Biota Neotrop., 9(2): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v9n2/en/abstract?article+bn02009022009. Abstract: Herein we present data on species composition, habitat use, and calling seasons of anurans from the Restinga forest of the Estação Ecológica Juréia-Itatins, Southeastern Brazil. The study site was visited monthly (3 to 4 days) between February and December 1993, a total of 28 days of field work. Three previously selected puddles were searched for anurans between 6:00 and 10:30 PM, when the number of calling males of each species was estimated and the positions of their calling sites were recorded. Anuran fauna is composed by 20 species, the highest richness ever recorded in a Brazilian restinga habitat. -
Amphibians from the Centro Marista São José Das Paineiras, in Mendes, and Surrounding Municipalities, State of Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
Herpetology Notes, volume 7: 489-499 (2014) (published online on 25 August 2014) Amphibians from the Centro Marista São José das Paineiras, in Mendes, and surrounding municipalities, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Manuella Folly¹ *, Juliana Kirchmeyer¹, Marcia dos Reis Gomes¹, Fabio Hepp², Joice Ruggeri¹, Cyro de Luna- Dias¹, Andressa M. Bezerra¹, Lucas C. Amaral¹ and Sergio P. de Carvalho-e-Silva¹ Abstract. The amphibian fauna of Brazil is one of the richest in the world, however, there is a lack of information on its diversity and distribution. More studies are necessary to increase our understanding of amphibian ecology, microhabitat choice and use, and distribution of species along an area, thereby facilitating actions for its management and conservation. Herein, we present a list of the amphibians found in one remnant area of Atlantic Forest, at Centro Marista São José das Paineiras and surroundings. Fifty-one amphibian species belonging to twenty-five genera and eleven families were recorded: Anura - Aromobatidae (one species), Brachycephalidae (six species), Bufonidae (three species), Craugastoridae (one species), Cycloramphidae (three species), Hylidae (twenty-four species), Hylodidae (two species), Leptodactylidae (six species), Microhylidae (two species), Odontophrynidae (two species); and Gymnophiona - Siphonopidae (one species). Visits to herpetological collections were responsible for 16 species of the previous list. The most abundant species recorded in the field were Crossodactylus gaudichaudii, Hypsiboas faber, and Ischnocnema parva, whereas the species Chiasmocleis lacrimae was recorded only once. Keywords: Anura, Atlantic Forest, Biodiversity, Gymnophiona, Inventory, Check List. Introduction characteristics. The largest fragment of Atlantic Forest is located in the Serra do Mar mountain range, extending The Atlantic Forest extends along a great part of from the coast of São Paulo to the coast of Rio de Janeiro the Brazilian coast (Bergallo et al., 2000), formerly (Ribeiro et al., 2009). -
Amphibians of Serra Bonita, Southern Bahia: a New Hotpoint
A peer-reviewed open-access journal ZooKeys 449: 105–130 (2014)Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint... 105 doi: 10.3897/zookeys.449.7494 CHECKLIST http://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest hotspot Iuri Ribeiro Dias1,2, Tadeu Teixeira Medeiros3, Marcos Ferreira Vila Nova1, Mirco Solé1,2 1 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km, 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil 2 Graduate Program in Applied Zoology, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil 3 Conselho de Curadores das Coleções Científicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Rodovia Jorge Amado, km 16, 45662-900 Ilhéus, Bahia, Brasil Corresponding author: Iuri Ribeiro Dias ([email protected]) Academic editor: F. Andreone | Received 12 March 2014 | Accepted 12 September 2014 | Published 22 October 2014 http://zoobank.org/4BE3466B-3666-4012-966D-350CA6551E15 Citation: Dias IR, Medeiros TT, Nova MFV, Solé M (2014) Amphibians of Serra Bonita, southern Bahia: a new hotpoint within Brazil’s Atlantic Forest hotspot. ZooKeys 449: 105–130. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.449.7494 Abstract We studied the amphibian community of the Private Reserve of Natural Heritage (RPPN) Serra Bonita, an area of 20 km2 with steep altitudinal gradients (200–950 m a.s.l.) located in the municipalities of Camacan and Pau-Brasil, southern Bahia State, Brazil. Data were obtained at 38 sampling sites (including ponds and transects within the forest and in streams), through active and visual and acoustic searches, pitfall traps, and opportunistic encounters. -
Instituto De Biociências – Rio Claro Programa De Pós
UNIVERSIDADE ESTADUAL PAULISTA “JÚLIO DE MESQUITA FILHO” unesp INSTITUTO DE BIOCIÊNCIAS – RIO CLARO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS (ZOOLOGIA) ANFÍBIOS DA SERRA DO MAR: DIVERSIDADE E BIOGEOGRAFIA LEO RAMOS MALAGOLI Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Agosto - 2018 Leo Ramos Malagoli ANFÍBIOS DA SERRA DO MAR: DIVERSIDADE E BIOGEOGRAFIA Tese apresentada ao Instituto de Biociências do Câmpus de Rio Claro, Universidade Estadual Paulista, como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do título de doutor em Ciências Biológicas (Zoologia). Orientador: Prof. Dr. Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Co-orientador: Prof. Dr. Ricardo Jannini Sawaya Rio Claro 2018 574.9 Malagoli, Leo Ramos M236a Anfíbios da Serra do Mar : diversidade e biogeografia / Leo Ramos Malagoli. - Rio Claro, 2018 207 f. : il., figs., gráfs., tabs., fots., mapas Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro Orientador: Célio Fernando Baptista Haddad Coorientador: Ricardo Jannini Sawaya 1. Biogeografia. 2. Anuros. 3. Conservação. 4. Diversidade funcional. 5. Elementos bióticos. 6. Mata Atlântica. 7. Regionalização. I. Título. Ficha Catalográfica elaborada pela STATI - Biblioteca da UNESP Campus de Rio Claro/SP - Ana Paula Santulo C. de Medeiros / CRB 8/7336 “To do science is to search for repeated patterns, not simply to accumulate facts, and to do the science of geographical ecology is to search for patterns of plant and animal life that can be put on a map. The person best equipped to do this is the naturalist.” Geographical Ecology. Patterns in the Distribution of Species Robert H. -
Seasonal and Habitat Structure of an Anuran Assemblage in A
An Acad Bras Cienc (2020) 92(1): e20190458 DOI 10.1590/0001-3765202020190458 Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências | Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences Printed ISSN 0001-3765 I Online ISSN 1678-2690 www.scielo.br/aabc | www.fb.com/aabcjournal BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Seasonal and habitat structure of an Running title: SEASONAL AND anuran assemblage in a semideciduous HABITAT STRUCTURE OF AN ANURAN ASSEMBLAGE forest area in Southeast Brazil Academy Section: BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES ELVIS A. PEREIRA, MATHEUS O. NEVES, JOSÉ LUIZ M.M. SUGAI, RENATO N. FEIO & DIEGO J. SANTANA e20190458 Abstract: In this study, we evaluated the reproductive activity and the temporal and spatial distributions of anuran assemblages in three environments within a semideciduous forest in Southeast Brazil, located at Municipality of Barão de Monte Alto, 92 State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The fi eld activities were carried out during three consecutive (1) days, monthly throughout the rainy seasons of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015. We recorded 92(1) 28 anurans species, distributed in eight families. We observed the spatial-temporal distribution of some species, and their associated reproductive behaviors through exploration of vocalizations at different sites. The spatial and temporal distribution of the species seems to adapt to abiotic and biotic factors of their environment. Key words: Anuran community, community ecology, environmental heterogeneity, niche breadth, vocalization sites. INTRODUCTION community is defi ned as a group of organisms that coexist in a determined habitat and also Information about anuran habitat use and interact with one another and the surrounding reproductive ecology allows us to interpret environment (Begon et al. -
Check List 8(1): 102-111, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (Available at Journal of Species Lists and Distribution
Check List 8(1): 102-111, 2012 © 2012 Check List and Authors Chec List ISSN 1809-127X (available at www.checklist.org.br) Journal of species lists and distribution Frogs and toads of the Pedra Azul–Forno Grande PECIES S Biodiversity Corridor, southeastern Brazil OF Rachel Montesinos 1*, Pedro L.V. Peloso 2, Diogo A. Koski 3, Aline P. Valadares 4 and João Luiz Gasparini 5 ISTS L 1 Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Herpetologia, Caixa Postal 74524. CEP 23851-970. Seropédica, RJ, Brazil. 2 Division of Vertebrate Zoology (Herpetology) and Richard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, Central Park West at 79th Street, New York, 10024, NY, USA. Brazil. 43 CentroAssociação Universitário Educacional Vila de Velha Vitória – UVV. (AEV/FAESA), Rua Comissário Instituto José SuperiorDantas de de Melo, Educação. 21, Boa Rodovia Vista. CEP Serafim 29102-770. Derenzi, Vila 3115. Velha, CEP ES, 29048-450. Brazil. Vitória, ES, Vitória, ES, Brazil. *5 CorrespondingUniversidade Federal author: do [email protected] Espírito Santo, Departamento de Ecologia e Oceanografia. Avenida Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras. CEP 29075-910. Abstract: We conducted a long-term amphibian survey at the biodiversity corridor Pedra Azul-Forno Grande, in the mountain region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Sampling was conducted from April 2004 to October 2009 and we registered 43 species. Two species (Dendropsophus ruschii and Megaelosia apuana) are included in the state list of threatened species and Scinax belloni is included in the IUCN/GAA list. We provide color photographs for most species found in the region. -
Modeling Amphibian Breeding Phenology
Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs The effect of environmental variables on amphibian breeding phenology Thesis How to cite: Grant, Rachel Anne (2012). The effect of environmental variables on amphibian breeding phenology. PhD thesis The Open University. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2012 The Author https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21954/ou.ro.0000ee36 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk UNiZ(Sl RIC1ED' THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES ON AMPHIBIAN BREEDING PHENOLOGY A thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the Open University for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy In the discipline of Life Sciences by Rachel Anne Grant (BSc. Hons, PG Dip) Submitted on 31/10/11 Supervisors: Prof. Tim Halliday, Dr Franco Andreone and Dr Mandy Dyson 1 Do..,te ~ SLlbn,u05w,,<: 2'6 Od.obc( 2011 'Dcu~ ~ 1\\\10C6.·: 2 Ct M.0(( '\. J_ 0\2. _ APPENDIX NOT COPIED ON INSTRUCTION FROM UNIVERSITY Abstract Amphibian breeding phenology has generally been associated with temperature and rainfall, but these variables are not able to explain all of the variation in the timing of amphibian migrations, mating and spawning. This thesis examines some additional, previously under-acknowledged geophysical variables that may affect amphibian breeding phenology: lunar phase and the K-index of geomagnetic activity.