“Robo-Tripping”: Dextromethorphan Abuse and Its Anesthetic Implications
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND Synthetic Stimulants Marketed As Bath Salts
LAW ENFORCEMENT SENSITIVE EPIC Tactical Intelligence Bulletins EL PASO INTELLIGENCE CENTER DRUG TREND TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN EB11-16 ● Synthetic Stimulants Marketed as Bath Salts ● March 8, 2011 This document is the property of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and is marked Law Enforcement Sensitive (LES). Further dissemination of this document is strictly forbidden except to other law enforcement agencies for criminal law enforcement purposes. The following information must be handled and protected accordingly. Summary Across the United States, synthetic stimulants that are sold as “bath salts”¹ have become a serious drug abuse threat. These products are produced under a variety of faux brand names, and they are indirectly marketed as legal alternatives to cocaine, amphetamine, and Ecstasy (MDMA or 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine). Poison control centers nationwide have received hundreds of calls related to the side-effects of, and overdoses from, the use of these potent and unpredictable products. Numerous media reports have cited bath salt stimulant overdose incidents that have resulted in emergency room visits, hospitalizations, and severe psychotic episodes, some of which, have led to violent outbursts, self-inflicted wounds, and even suicides. A number of states have imposed emergency measures to ban bath salt stimulant products (or the chemicals in them) including Florida, Louisiana, North Dakota, and West Virginia; and similar measures are pending in Hawaii, Kentucky, Michigan, and Mississippi. A prominent U.S. -
The Nursing Implications of Bath Salts Abuse: a Learning Tool and Curriculum for Emergency
James Madison University JMU Scholarly Commons Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current Honors College Spring 2014 The ursinn g implications of bath salts abuse: A learning tool and curriculum for emergency department nurses Molly Ann Brennan James Madison University Follow this and additional works at: https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019 Recommended Citation Brennan, Molly Ann, "The urn sing implications of bath salts abuse: A learning tool and curriculum for emergency department nurses" (2014). Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current. 390. https://commons.lib.jmu.edu/honors201019/390 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors College at JMU Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects, 2010-current by an authorized administrator of JMU Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Nursing Implications of Bath Salts Abuse: A Learning Tool and Curriculum for Emergency Department Nurses _______________________ A Project Presented to the Faculty of the Undergraduate College of Health and Behavioral Studies James Madison University _______________________ in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing _______________________ by Molly Ann Brennan May, 2014 Accepted by the faculty of the Department of Nursing, James Madison University, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Nursing. FACULTY COMMITTEE: HONORS PROGRAM APPROVAL: Project Advisor: Annie Horigan, Ph.D., -
Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence
Concurrent Alcohol and Tobacco Dependence Mechanisms and Treatment David J. Drobes, Ph.D. People who drink alcohol often also smoke and vice versa. Several mechanisms may contribute to concurrent alcohol and tobacco use. These mechanisms include genes that are involved in regulating certain brain chemical systems; neurobiological mechanisms, such as cross-tolerance and cross-sensitization to both drugs; conditioning mechanisms, in which cravings for alcohol or nicotine are elicited by certain environmental cues; and psychosocial factors (e.g., personality characteristics and coexisting psychiatric disorders). Treatment outcomes for patients addicted to both alcohol and nicotine are generally worse than for people addicted to only one drug, and many treatment providers do not promote smoking cessation during alcoholism treatment. Recent findings suggest, however, that concurrent treatment for both addictions may improve treatment outcomes. KEY WORDS: comorbidity; AODD (alcohol and other drug dependence); alcoholic beverage; tobacco in any form; nicotine; smoking; genetic linkage; cross-tolerance; AOD (alcohol and other drug) sensitivity; neurotransmitters; brain reward pathway; cue reactivity; social AODU (AOD use); cessation of AODU; treatment outcome; combined modality therapy; literature review lcohol consumption and tobacco ers who are dependent on nicotine Department of Health and Human use are closely linked behaviors. have a 2.7 times greater risk of becoming Services 1989). The concurrent use of A Thus, not only are people who alcohol dependent than nonsmokers both drugs by pregnant women can drink alcohol more likely to smoke (and (e.g., Breslau 1995). Finally, although also result in more severe prenatal dam- vice versa) but also people who drink the smoking rate in the general popula age and neurocognitive deficits in their larger amounts of alcohol tend to smoke tion has gradually declined over the offspring than use of either drug alone more cigarettes. -
Pentazocine and Naloxone
PATIENT & CAREGIVER EDUCATION Pentazocine and Naloxone This information from Lexicomp® explains what you need to know about this medication, including what it’s used for, how to take it, its side effects, and when to call your healthcare provider. Warning This drug is a strong pain drug that can put you at risk for addiction, abuse, and misuse. Misuse or abuse of this drug can lead to overdose and death. Talk with your doctor. You will be watched closely to make sure you do not misuse, abuse, or become addicted to this drug. This drug may cause very bad and sometimes deadly breathing problems. Call your doctor right away if you have slow, shallow, or trouble breathing. The chance of very bad and sometimes deadly breathing problems may be greater when you first start this drug or anytime your dose is raised. Even one dose of this drug may be deadly if it is taken by someone else or by accident, especially in children. If this drug is taken by someone else or by accident, get medical help right away. Keep all drugs in a safe place. Keep all drugs out of the reach of children and pets. Using this drug for a long time during pregnancy may lead to withdrawal in the newborn baby. This can be life-threatening. Talk with the doctor. This drug has an opioid drug in it. Severe side effects have happened when opioid drugs were used with benzodiazepines, alcohol, marijuana or other forms of cannabis, or prescription or OTC drugs that may cause drowsiness or slowed actions. -
Polydrug Use Factsheet
WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT MIXING DRUGS WHAT IS POLYDRUG USE? Polydrug use is the mixing of different drugs, or taking one drug while under the influence (or experiencing the after-effects) of another drug. Polydrug use can include alcohol, prescribed medications and/or illegal drugs. Combining drugs carries extra risks and can be extremely dangerous. The more drugs a person takes (or is affected by) at a time, the more chance there is of something going wrong. WHY DO PEOPLE MIX DRUGS? There are several reasons people mix drugs, for example: • In an attempt to increase the effect of another drug or to ‘bring on’ its desired effects. For example, sometimes people smoke cigarettes to enhance their experience on ecstasy, or drink alcohol when they’re also under the influence of cocaine • In an attempt to reduce the negative effects of a drug, usually when ‘coming down’ from that drug. For instance, some people use cannabis or take a sleeping pill after they have used ecstasy • To substitute for the drug they were really looking for, ‘the next best thing’ • It seemed like a ‘good idea at the time’. Sometimes people will mix drugs when they are already intoxicated, aren’t thinking straight or if people around them are mixing drugs Sometimes people who are trying to cut down their use of one drug find that they start to use more of another drug to help manage withdrawal symptoms (the unpleasant effects that occur when stopping drug use). For example, someone trying to stop using methamphetamine or cannabis might start to drink more alcohol to try and relax or sleep if they are feeling anxious, stressed or are unable to sleep. -
Multiple and Simultaneous Tobacco Use and Other Risk Behaviors Among High School Students 2015 Vermont Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Multiple and Simultaneous Tobacco Use and Other Risk Behaviors Among High School Students 2015 Vermont Youth Risk Behavior Survey Background Simultaneous use of multiple tobacco products is associated with risk factors that include and extend beyond what is typically considered with tobacco use1. While youth cigarette use has fallen consistently the last several decades2, adolescence remains the time at which tobacco use is started and established. Nearly nine in ten smokers start smoking by age 183. Furthermore, simultaneous use of multiple products is common among youth and increases the likelihood of addiction and continuation of smoking into adulthood4. In 2015, the Vermont high school youth risk behavior survey (YRBS) asked students about tobacco use, including use of cigarettes, cigar products, smokeless tobacco, and electronic vapor products. Number of Tobacco Products Used, Last 30 Days Poly Use High School Students, 2015 Overall, about one in ten (12%) high school students 77% used only one type of tobacco in the last month. One in twenty students reported current use of two forms of tobacco (dual use, 6%) and three or more 12% tobacco products (poly use, 5%). Three‐quarters of 6% 5% high school students did not use any tobacco during this time. Male high school students were No Use Single Dual Poly significantly more likely than females to currently use any type of tobacco (27% vs. 19%), and report dual (7% vs. 5%) or poly use (7% vs. 3%) (data not shown). Alcohol and Marijuana Use Alcohol and marijuana use differed by the number of tobacco products used. As the number of tobacco products used increased, so did the prevalence of alcohol and marijuana use. -
Phencyclidine: an Update
Phencyclidine: An Update U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES • Public Health Service • Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration Phencyclidine: An Update Editor: Doris H. Clouet, Ph.D. Division of Preclinical Research National Institute on Drug Abuse and New York State Division of Substance Abuse Services NIDA Research Monograph 64 1986 DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Public Health Service Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administratlon National Institute on Drug Abuse 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, Maryland 20657 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20402 NIDA Research Monographs are prepared by the research divisions of the National lnstitute on Drug Abuse and published by its Office of Science The primary objective of the series is to provide critical reviews of research problem areas and techniques, the content of state-of-the-art conferences, and integrative research reviews. its dual publication emphasis is rapid and targeted dissemination to the scientific and professional community. Editorial Advisors MARTIN W. ADLER, Ph.D. SIDNEY COHEN, M.D. Temple University School of Medicine Los Angeles, California Philadelphia, Pennsylvania SYDNEY ARCHER, Ph.D. MARY L. JACOBSON Rensselaer Polytechnic lnstitute National Federation of Parents for Troy, New York Drug Free Youth RICHARD E. BELLEVILLE, Ph.D. Omaha, Nebraska NB Associates, Health Sciences Rockville, Maryland REESE T. JONES, M.D. KARST J. BESTEMAN Langley Porter Neuropsychiatric lnstitute Alcohol and Drug Problems Association San Francisco, California of North America Washington, D.C. DENISE KANDEL, Ph.D GILBERT J. BOTV N, Ph.D. College of Physicians and Surgeons of Cornell University Medical College Columbia University New York, New York New York, New York JOSEPH V. -
Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss
Supplemental Material can be found at: /content/suppl/2020/12/18/73.1.202.DC1.html 1521-0081/73/1/202–277$35.00 https://doi.org/10.1124/pharmrev.120.000056 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Pharmacol Rev 73:202–277, January 2021 Copyright © 2020 by The Author(s) This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC Attribution 4.0 International license. ASSOCIATE EDITOR: MICHAEL NADER Psychedelics in Psychiatry: Neuroplastic, Immunomodulatory, and Neurotransmitter Mechanismss Antonio Inserra, Danilo De Gregorio, and Gabriella Gobbi Neurobiological Psychiatry Unit, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Abstract ...................................................................................205 Significance Statement. ..................................................................205 I. Introduction . ..............................................................................205 A. Review Outline ........................................................................205 B. Psychiatric Disorders and the Need for Novel Pharmacotherapies .......................206 C. Psychedelic Compounds as Novel Therapeutics in Psychiatry: Overview and Comparison with Current Available Treatments . .....................................206 D. Classical or Serotonergic Psychedelics versus Nonclassical Psychedelics: Definition ......208 Downloaded from E. Dissociative Anesthetics................................................................209 F. Empathogens-Entactogens . ............................................................209 -
SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention TOOLKIT
SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention TOOLKIT Opioid Use Disorder Facts Five Essential Steps for First Responders Information for Prescribers Safety Advice for Patients & Family Members Recovering From Opioid Overdose TABLE OF CONTENTS SAMHSA Opioid Overdose Prevention Toolkit Opioid Use Disorder Facts.................................................................................................................. 1 Scope of the Problem....................................................................................................................... 1 Strategies to Prevent Overdose Deaths.......................................................................................... 2 Resources for Communities............................................................................................................. 4 Five Essential Steps for First Responders ........................................................................................ 5 Step 1: Evaluate for Signs of Opioid Overdose ................................................................................ 5 Step 2: Call 911 for Help .................................................................................................................. 5 Step 3: Administer Naloxone ............................................................................................................ 6 Step 4: Support the Person’s Breathing ........................................................................................... 7 Step 5: Monitor the Person’s Response .......................................................................................... -
Drugs of Abuseon September Archived 13-10048 No
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION WWW.DEA.GOV 9, 2014 on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited Drugs of2011 Abuse EDITION A DEA RESOURCE GUIDE V. Narcotics WHAT ARE NARCOTICS? Also known as “opioids,” the term "narcotic" comes from the Greek word for “stupor” and originally referred to a variety of substances that dulled the senses and relieved pain. Though some people still refer to all drugs as “narcot- ics,” today “narcotic” refers to opium, opium derivatives, and their semi-synthetic substitutes. A more current term for these drugs, with less uncertainty regarding its meaning, is “opioid.” Examples include the illicit drug heroin and pharmaceutical drugs like OxyContin®, Vicodin®, codeine, morphine, methadone and fentanyl. WHAT IS THEIR ORIGIN? The poppy papaver somniferum is the source for all natural opioids, whereas synthetic opioids are made entirely in a lab and include meperidine, fentanyl, and methadone. Semi-synthetic opioids are synthesized from naturally occurring opium products, such as morphine and codeine, and include heroin, oxycodone, hydrocodone, and hydromorphone. Teens can obtain narcotics from friends, family members, medicine cabinets, pharmacies, nursing 2014 homes, hospitals, hospices, doctors, and the Internet. 9, on September archived 13-10048 No. v. Stewart, in U.S. cited What are common street names? Street names for various narcotics/opioids include: ➔ Hillbilly Heroin, Lean or Purple Drank, OC, Ox, Oxy, Oxycotton, Sippin Syrup What are their forms? Narcotics/opioids come in various forms including: ➔ T ablets, capsules, skin patches, powder, chunks in varying colors (from white to shades of brown and black), liquid form for oral use and injection, syrups, suppositories, lollipops How are they abused? ➔ Narcotics/opioids can be swallowed, smoked, sniffed, or injected. -
University of Groningen Stereoselectivity in the Hepatic Metabolism and Transport of Quaternary Drugs of the Morphinan Type Lant
University of Groningen Stereoselectivity in the hepatic metabolism and transport of quaternary drugs of the morphinan type Lanting, Aleida Bartha Louisa IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 2000 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Lanting, A. B. L. (2000). Stereoselectivity in the hepatic metabolism and transport of quaternary drugs of the morphinan type. s.n. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 24-09-2021 In this thesisthe potential of some quaternaryamine derivativesof the morphinan analoguesdextrorphan, levorphanol, dextromethorphan and levomethorphanas model compoundswas investigatedto study stereoselectivityin hepatic metabolismand transport of cationic drugs.These model compoundspossess a rigid stereochemicalstructure, resulting in major differencesin receptor affinity. We assumedthat the major influenceof the stereochemicalstructure on the receptor level might also causedifferences in carrier-mediatedtransport and biotransformation processes. -
Evaluation of Biased and Balanced Salvinorin a Analogs in Preclinical Models of Pain
fnins-14-00765 July 18, 2020 Time: 20:26 # 1 ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 21 July 2020 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00765 Evaluation of Biased and Balanced Salvinorin A Analogs in Preclinical Models of Pain Kelly F. Paton1, Andrew Biggerstaff1, Sophia Kaska2, Rachel S. Crowley3, Anne C. La Flamme1,4, Thomas E. Prisinzano2,3 and Bronwyn M. Kivell1* 1 School of Biological Sciences, Centre for Biodiscovery, Faculty of Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand, 2 Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States, 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States, 4 Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, New Zealand In the search for safer, non-addictive analgesics, kappa opioid receptor (KOPr) agonists are a potential target, as unlike mu-opioid analgesics, they do not have abuse potential. Salvinorin A (SalA) is a potent and selective KOPr agonist, however, clinical utility is limited by the short duration of action and aversive side effects. Biasing KOPr signaling toward G-protein activation has been highlighted as a key cellular mechanism to reduce the side effects of KOPr agonists. The present study investigated KOPr signaling bias and the acute antinociceptive effects and side effects of two novel analogs of SalA, Edited by: 16-Bromo SalA and 16-Ethynyl SalA. 16-Bromo SalA showed G-protein signaling bias, Dominique Massotte, whereas 16-Ethynyl SalA displayed balanced signaling properties. In the dose-response Université de Strasbourg, France tail-withdrawal assay, SalA, 16-Ethynyl SalA and 16-Bromo SalA were more potent than Reviewed by: Mariana Spetea, the traditional KOPr agonist U50,488, and 16-Ethynyl SalA was more efficacious.