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And the Long Shadow of the Peninsular War Against Napoleon
The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps in France (1917-18) and the Long Shadow of the Peninsular War against Napoleon Filipe Ribeiro de Meneses1 Abstract The dispatch of the Portuguese Expeditionary Corps (CEP) to France in 1917 was envisaged by Portuguese interventionists as an affirmation of Portugal’s desire to reclaim an independent role in world affairs, emerging from the shadow of British influence. However, the CEP relied on the much larger British Expeditionary Force for instruction, supply, and guidance. The relationship between the two armies was fraught with difficulty and cultural misunderstandings due in large measure to a very different reading of their joint campaign against Napoleon in the Peninsular War, fought a century earlier. The British desire to correct the CEP’s shortcomings was interpreted within the CEP as a desire to subjugate the Portuguese and to take credit for whatever they might accomplish on the battlefield. Keywords World War One; Portugal; Beresford; Armies; Memory Resumo O envio do Corpo Expedicionário Português (CEP) para França, em 1917, representou, para a corrente intervencionista portuguesa, a afirmação do desejo nacional de recuperar um papel independente na cena mundial, libertando Portugal da influência britânica. Porém, o CEP dependia da Força Expedicionária Britânica, muito maior do que ele, para a sua instrução, abastecimento e liderança. A relação entre os dois exércitos ficou marcada por dificuldades várias e desentendimentos culturais que resultavam em parte de leituras diferentes da campanha comum, um século antes, contra Napoleão, durante a Guerra Peninsular. O desejo britânico de corrigir os defeitos do CEP foi interpretado no seio deste como uma vontade de subjugar os Portugueses e ficar com os louros por eles conquistados no campo de batalha. -
The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps in World War I: from Inception To
THE PORTUGUESE EXPEDITIONARY CORPS IN WORLD WAR I: FROM INCEPTION TO COMBAT DESTRUCTION, 1914-1918 Jesse Pyles, B.A. Thesis Prepared for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS UNIVERSITY OF NORTH TEXAS May 2012 APPROVED: Geoffrey Wawro, Major Professor Robert Citino, Committee Member Walter Roberts, Committee Member Richard McCaslin, Chair of the Department of History James D. Meernik, Acting Dean of the Toulouse Graduate School Pyles, Jesse, The Portuguese Expeditionary Corps in World War I: From Inception to Destruction, 1914-1918. Master of Arts (History), May 2012, 130 pp., references, 86. The Portuguese Expeditionary Force fought in the trenches of northern France from April 1917 to April 1918. On 9 April 1918 the sledgehammer blow of Operation Georgette fell upon the exhausted Portuguese troops. British accounts of the Portuguese Corps’ participation in combat on the Western Front are terse. Many are dismissive. In fact, Portuguese units experienced heavy combat and successfully held their ground against all attacks. Regarding Georgette, the standard British narrative holds that most of the Portuguese soldiers threw their weapons aside and ran. The account is incontrovertibly false. Most of the Portuguese combat troops held their ground against the German assault. This thesis details the history of the Portuguese Expeditionary Force. Copyright 2012 by Jesse Pyles ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The love of my life, my wife Izabella, encouraged me to pursue graduate education in history. This thesis would not have been possible without her support. Professor Geoffrey Wawro directed my thesis. He provided helpful feedback regarding content and structure. Professor Robert Citino offered equal measures of instruction and encouragement. -
Responding to the Challenge
Responding Annual Report 2019/20 to the challenge Contents 01 About Us 02 Message from the Chairman 03 The Year in Review 04 202 John Monash Scholars 05 2020 Selection Analysis 06 2020 Scholarship Selection Process 07 2020 John Monash Scholars 12 Where Are They Now? 16 Impact 19 Publications and Awards 20 Events and Activities 23 John Monash Scholars’ Global Symposium 24 Governance 26 Foundation Members 27 Foundation Volunteers 28 Financial Highlights 30 Thank You 32 Partners and Supporters About Us Our mission is to invest in outstanding disciplines, possess a distinct General Sir John Australians from all fields of endeavour capacity for leadership Monash: the and are making significant who demonstrate remarkable qualities of contributions to Australia’s guiding spirit of leadership and have the ability to deliver future as scientists, academics, the Foundation outcomes and inspire others for the artists, business leaders, General Sir John Monash benefit of Australia. entrepreneurs, lawyers and was born in 1865 to Jewish policy experts. The General Sir John John Monash Scholars migrant parents from Prussia. Monash Foundation was General Sir John Monash said, He was educated at Scotch The General Sir John Monash established in 2001 with an ‘The privilege of education College in Melbourne and at Foundation supports initial contribution from the carries great responsibilities the University of Melbourne, exceptional scholars capable where he gained degrees in Australian Federal Government – it is given not for individual of identifying and tackling the Engineering, Law and Arts. together with further benefit alone, but to befit challenges of our time. We seek As a citizen soldier, he led contributions from corporate persons for the higher duties women and men of vision, the Australian Army Corps in supporters and private donors. -
“Come on Lads”
“COME ON LADS” ON “COME “COME ON LADS” Old Wesley Collegians and the Gallipoli Campaign Philip J Powell Philip J Powell FOREWORD Congratulations, Philip Powell, for producing this short history. It brings to life the experiences of many Old Boys who died at Gallipoli and some who survived, only to be fatally wounded in the trenches or no-man’s land of the western front. Wesley annually honoured these names, even after the Second World War was over. The silence in Adamson Hall as name after name was read aloud, almost like a slow drum beat, is still in the mind, some seventy or more years later. The messages written by these young men, or about them, are evocative. Even the more humdrum and everyday letters capture, above the noise and tension, the courage. It is as if the soldiers, though dead, are alive. Geoffrey Blainey AC (OW1947) Front cover image: Anzac Cove - 1915 Australian War Memorial P10505.001 First published March 2015. This electronic edition updated February 2017. Copyright by Philip J Powell and Wesley College © ISBN: 978-0-646-93777-9 CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................. 2 Map of Gallipoli battlefields ........................................................ 4 The Real Anzacs .......................................................................... 5 Chapter 1. The Landing ............................................................... 6 Chapter 2. Helles and the Second Battle of Krithia ..................... 14 Chapter 3. Stalemate #1 .............................................................. -
Structure of the New University. Begins to Emerge
Structure of the new university. ~~ begins to emerge ~ A CLEAR picture of the academic The 10 faculties of the enlarged Monash AMAGAZINE FORTHE UNIVERSITY structure of Monash University after I University will be Arts. Business, Com Registered by Australia Post - publication No. VBG0435 July 1990 has emerged from recent puting and Information Technology. NUMBER 7-89 DECEMBER 1, 1989 decisions of the councils of the univer Economics and Management. Education. sity. the Chisholm Institute of Engineering. Law. Medicine. Professional Studies. and Science. main the same, having no Chisholm but. to allow the college a measure of Technology and the Gippsland In In some of these a new academic group counterparts. autonomy and to maintain its regional stitute of Advanced Education. ing. known as a "school", will be in The new Faculty of Professional Studies flavor. it will retain a college chief ex. ecutive officer. council and academic After that date, the university - an troduced. It is defined as an academic unit will include a School of Social and board which will be responsible-to and ad amalgamation of the three institutions - within a faculty that may include a number Behavioral Studies comprising the vise their Monash counterparts. will consist of 10 faculties spread over ofdepartments. or other academic units. of Graduate School of Librarianship. the campuses in Caulfield, Clayton and similar or related disciplines. Monash department of Social Work, and The college council will have delegated the Chisholm departments of Police authority to allocate the operating budget, Frankston, together with a constituent The present faculty of Arts will gain approve staffing and set up advisory com university college in Gippsland which, the Chisholm department of Applied Studies. -
Lessons in Leadership the Life of Sir John Monash GCMG, KCB, VD
Lessons in Leadership The Life of Sir John Monash GCMG, KCB, VD By Rolfe Hartley FIEAust CPEng EngExec FIPENZ Engineers Australia Sydney Division CELM Presentation March 2013 Page 1 Introduction The man that I would like to talk about today was often referred to in his lifetime as ‘the greatest living Australian’. But today he is known to many Australians only as the man on the back of the $100 note. I am going to stick my neck out here and say that John Monash was arguably the greatest ever Australian. Engineer, lawyer, soldier and even pianist of concert standard, Monash was a true leader. As an engineer, he revolutionised construction in Australia by the introduction of reinforced concrete technology. He also revolutionised the generation of electricity. As a soldier, he is considered by many to have been the greatest commander of WWI, whose innovative tactics and careful planning shortened the war and saved thousands of lives. Monash was a complex man; a man from humble beginnings who overcame prejudice and opposition to achieve great things. In many ways, he was an outsider. He had failures, both in battle and in engineering, and he had weaknesses as a human being which almost put paid to his career. I believe that we can learn much about leadership by looking at John Monash and considering both the strengths and weaknesses that contributed to his greatness. Early Days John Monash was born in West Melbourne in 1865, the eldest of three children and only son of Louis and Bertha. His parents were Jews from Krotoshin in Prussia, an area that is in modern day Poland. -
The Forgotten Fronts the First World War Battlefield Guide: World War Battlefield First the the Forgotten Fronts Forgotten The
Ed 1 Nov 2016 1 Nov Ed The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The Forgotten Fronts The First Battlefield War World Guide: The Forgotten Fronts Creative Media Design ADR005472 Edition 1 November 2016 THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | i The First World War Battlefield Guide: Volume 2 The British Army Campaign Guide to the Forgotten Fronts of the First World War 1st Edition November 2016 Acknowledgement The publisher wishes to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in providing text, images, multimedia links and sketch maps for this volume: Defence Geographic Centre, Imperial War Museum, Army Historical Branch, Air Historical Branch, Army Records Society,National Portrait Gallery, Tank Museum, National Army Museum, Royal Green Jackets Museum,Shepard Trust, Royal Australian Navy, Australian Defence, Royal Artillery Historical Trust, National Archive, Canadian War Museum, National Archives of Canada, The Times, RAF Museum, Wikimedia Commons, USAF, US Library of Congress. The Cover Images Front Cover: (1) Wounded soldier of the 10th Battalion, Black Watch being carried out of a communication trench on the ‘Birdcage’ Line near Salonika, February 1916 © IWM; (2) The advance through Palestine and the Battle of Megiddo: A sergeant directs orders whilst standing on one of the wooden saddles of the Camel Transport Corps © IWM (3) Soldiers of the Royal Army Service Corps outside a Field Ambulance Station. © IWM Inside Front Cover: Helles Memorial, Gallipoli © Barbara Taylor Back Cover: ‘Blood Swept Lands and Seas of Red’ at the Tower of London © Julia Gavin ii | THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS THE FORGOTTEN FRONTS | iii ISBN: 978-1-874346-46-3 First published in November 2016 by Creative Media Designs, Army Headquarters, Andover. -
Reviewed by Richard Salmons a Military History of Australia, 3Rd
BOOK revIews of terrorism, but he sees America with the United States. It pays that is now drilled in to Australian doing itself even more damage by special attention to the Australian school students, but Grey adds a closing itself off and missing the military contribution in Iraq and great deal of value by going into the opportunities of a fast-developing Afghanistan. politics behind the War, focusing world. He sees great scope for alliance Grey’s History begins with the in particular on the shenanigans of between the United States and India, settlement of Australia by the Billy Hughes and the conscription and sees China as pragmatic in its convicts and the military men who debate. The end of the war and rise to power. When he calls for escorted them, and takes us through the subsequent years leading up to America to ‘stop cowering in fear,’ to to the dying days of the Howard World War II would lead to what recover its confidence, and to restore government, with the purchase of a Grey calls a ‘depressing period,’ a its globalism and openness, Zakaria pair of pseudo-aircraft carriers, the period he also likens to the 1990s. is sending a timely message. Canberra-class amphibious ships, the Demobilisation led to the wasting air warfare destroyers, and the F-35 away of the Australian war machine, Reviewed by Richard Joint Strike Fighters. although this was not a uniquely Salmons Although Australia is famous for its Australian experience: many believed convict past, the First Fleet comprised that World War I was the war to end of essentially two groups: the convicts all wars. -
Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell
Copyrights sought (Albert) Basil (Orme) Wilberforce (Albert) Raymond Blackburn (Alexander Bell) Filson Young (Alexander) Forbes Hendry (Alexander) Frederick Whyte (Alfred Hubert) Roy Fedden (Alfred) Alistair Cooke (Alfred) Guy Garrod (Alfred) James Hawkey (Archibald) Berkeley Milne (Archibald) David Stirling (Archibald) Havergal Downes-Shaw (Arthur) Berriedale Keith (Arthur) Beverley Baxter (Arthur) Cecil Tyrrell Beck (Arthur) Clive Morrison-Bell (Arthur) Hugh (Elsdale) Molson (Arthur) Mervyn Stockwood (Arthur) Paul Boissier, Harrow Heraldry Committee & Harrow School (Arthur) Trevor Dawson (Arwyn) Lynn Ungoed-Thomas (Basil Arthur) John Peto (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin (Basil) Kingsley Martin & New Statesman (Borlasse Elward) Wyndham Childs (Cecil Frederick) Nevil Macready (Cecil George) Graham Hayman (Charles Edward) Howard Vincent (Charles Henry) Collins Baker (Charles) Alexander Harris (Charles) Cyril Clarke (Charles) Edgar Wood (Charles) Edward Troup (Charles) Frederick (Howard) Gough (Charles) Michael Duff (Charles) Philip Fothergill (Charles) Philip Fothergill, Liberal National Organisation, N-E Warwickshire Liberal Association & Rt Hon Charles Albert McCurdy (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett (Charles) Vernon (Oldfield) Bartlett & World Review of Reviews (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Claude) Nigel (Byam) Davies (Colin) Mark Patrick (Crwfurd) Wilfrid Griffin Eady (Cyril) Berkeley Ormerod (Cyril) Desmond Keeling (Cyril) George Toogood (Cyril) Kenneth Bird (David) Euan Wallace (Davies) Evan Bedford (Denis Duncan) -
'Feed the Troops on Victory': a Study of the Australian
‘FEED THE TROOPS ON VICTORY’: A STUDY OF THE AUSTRALIAN CORPS AND ITS OPERATIONS DURING AUGUST AND SEPTEMBER 1918. RICHARD MONTAGU STOBO Thesis prepared in requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities and Social Sciences University of New South Wales, Canberra June 2020 Thesis/Dissertation Sheet Surname/Family Name : Stobo Given Name/s : Richard Montagu Abbreviation for degree as given in the : PhD University calendar Faculty : History School : Humanities and Social Sciences ‘Feed the Troops on Victory’: A Study of the Australian Corps Thesis Title : and its Operations During August and September 1918. Abstract 350 words maximum: (PLEASE TYPE) This thesis examines reasons for the success of the Australian Corps in August and September 1918, its final two months in the line on the Western Front. For more than a century, the Corps’ achievements during that time have been used to reinforce a cherished belief in national military exceptionalism by highlighting the exploits and extraordinary fighting ability of the Australian infantrymen, and the modern progressive tactical approach of their native-born commander, Lieutenant-General Sir John Monash. This study re-evaluates the Corps’ performance by examining it at a more comprehensive and granular operational level than has hitherto been the case. What emerges is a complex picture of impressive battlefield success despite significant internal difficulties that stemmed from the particularly strenuous nature of the advance and a desperate shortage of manpower. These played out in chronic levels of exhaustion, absenteeism and ill-discipline within the ranks, and threatened to undermine the Corps’ combat capability. In order to reconcile this paradox, the thesis locates the Corps’ performance within the wider context of the British army and its operational organisation in 1918. -
Some Myths Relating to the Promotion to Field Marshal of Sir Thomas Blamey in 1950
CONTRIBUTED ESSAY Some myths relating to the promotion to field marshal of Sir Thomas Blamey in 1950 David J. Deasey Military Historian Royal United Services Institute for Defence and Security Studies, New South Wales1 General Sir Thomas Blamey who, during World War II, had been commander-in-chief of the Australian Military Forces and, concurrently, commander of the Allied Land Forces in the South-West Pacific Area, was recalled from retirement in 1950 and promoted to field marshal. Recent research in the Australian archives has revealed that the accepted story surrounding his promotion contained several myths, including that the British War Office resisted the promotion. Field Marshal Sir Thomas Blamey has remained a biographer, on posing questions to Defence Department controversial figure in death as in life. This is particularly bureaucrats who would then provide answers without so in relation to the award of his field marshal’s baton in providing names or background details. 1950. Even today, there are those who, in discussing the This would have posed two problems for the current campaign to promote Sir John Monash historian. Without access to the primary material, an posthumously to field marshal (e.g. Fischer 2014), will historian has no sense of the context of the documents quip with a degree of seriousness: Well, take it away and must rely on the bureaucrat not only to be accurate from that… Blamey and give it to Monash. As Australia’s but to also convey an understanding of the implications only native-born field marshal, though, and the only of what is contained in the file. -
Page | 1 Keepsakes: Australians and the Great War 26 November 2014
Keepsakes: Australians and the Great War 26 November 2014 – 19 July 2015 EXHIBITION CHECKLIST INTRODUCTORY AREA Fred Davison (1869–1942) Scrapbook 1913–1942 gelatin silver prints, medals and felt; 36 x 52 cm (open) Manuscripts Collection, nla.cat-vn1179442 Eden Photo Studios Portrait of a young soldier seated in a carved chair c. 1915 albumen print on Paris Panel; 25 x 17.5 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-vn6419940 Freeman & Co. Portrait of Major Alexander Hay c. 1915 sepia toned gelatin silver print on studio mount; 33 x 23.5 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an24213454 Tesla Studios Portrait of an Australian soldier c. 1915 gelatin silver print; 30 x 20 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an24613311 The Sears Studio Group portrait of graduating students from the University of Melbourne c. 1918 gelatin silver print on studio mount; 25 x 30 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an23218020 Portrait of Kenneth, Ernest, Clive and Alice Bailey c. 1918 sepia toned gelatin silver print on studio mount; 22.8 x 29.7 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an23235834 Thelma Duryea Portrait of George Edwin Yates c. 1919 gelatin silver print on studio mount; 27.5 x 17.5 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an10956957 Portrait of Gordon Coghill c. 1918 sepia toned gelatin silver print; 24.5 x 16 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-vn3638073 Page | 1 Australian soldiers in Egypt sitting on one of the corners of the base of the Great Pyramid of Cheops, World War 1, 1914–1918 c. 1916 sepia toned gelatin silver print on card mount; 12 x 10.5 cm Pictures Collection, nla.pic-an24613179 Embroidered postcard featuring a crucifix 1916 silk on card; 14 x 9 cm Papers of Arthur Wesley Wheen, nla.ms-ms3656 James C.