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2-4 September 2010 INTERNATIONAL FORUM ON SUSTAINABLE GOVERNANCE OF THE OCEAN: IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE & OCEAN RELATED HAZARDS: WATER & FLOOD MANAGEMENT POLICY IMPLICATIONS, PROTECTION, MITIGATION & ADAPTATION; & FOLLOW UP OF THE OUTCOME OF RIO +20: IMPLEMENTATION OF UNCLOS & RELATED INSTRUMENTS IN THE SOUTHEAST ASIAN REGION; AND INTERNET WEB-BASED GEOGRAPHICAL INFORMATION SYSTEM Centara Grand at Central Plaza Ladprao Bangkok, Thailand 3rd to 8th September 2013 HANDBOOK & PROGRAMME PARTNERS Aquatic Resources Research Institute (ARRI) Association of Natural Disaster Prevention Industry (ANDPI); Chulalongkorn University; Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME), Coastal Development Center (CDC), Thailand; Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University; Department of Fisheries (DOF), Department of Marine and Coastal Resources (DMCR), Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives; Ministry of Natural Resources; Fondation de Malte; Foundation of National Disaster Warning Council (FNDWC); High Seas Alliance; Institute of Earth Systems (IES), University of Malta; PACEM IN MARIBUS XXXIV | 1 Future Ocean Kiel Marine Sciences; Miyamoto International, Inc.; Office of National Water and Flood Management Policy (ONWF), Pacific Disaster Center (PDC); Office of the Prime Minister’s Secretariat; Partnerships in Environmental Management Southeast Asian Fisheries Development Center (SEAFDEC); for the Seas of East Asia (PEMSEA); Thailand’s National Disaster Warning Center (NDWC), Ministry of Information and Communication Technology; The International Emergency Management Society (TIEMS); Tsunami Society International 2 | PACEM IN MARIBUS XXXIV SPONSORS Asia Dhanawat Warehouse Co. Ltd. Thailand LPN Dock & Engineering Co. Ltd. Office of National Water and Flood Management Policy (ONWF), Office of the Prime Minister’s (บ.อูเ่ รือแอลพีเอน็ วศิ วกรรม จำ กดั ) PACEM IN MARIBUS XXXIV | 3 Introduction The 34rd Pacem in Maribus is taking place at a time of great challenge to the international community. There is no doubt that the existing international legal regime for the ocean has failed to protect the sustainability of ocean resources and services. The reason is not for lack of instruments, but a failure in implementation, enforcement and compliance. Since the late founder of IOI, Elisabeth Mann Borgese convened the first PIM, and Arvid Pardo declared the Common Heritage of Mankind, we have experienced waves of change bordering on a tsunami, which are unravelling many of the perceived moral and ethical values and aspirations of the founding fathers of UNCLOS. Important steps towards a relationship for humanity to sustainably coexist and interact with the ocean were the most recent commitments to the Rio+20 outcomes contained in The Future We Want and the United Nations Secretary General’s Ocean Compact: Healthy Oceans for Prosperity (http://www.un.org/Depts/los/ocean_compact/oceans_compact.htm). We have charted in those two historic documents a clear path to a Blue Economy – a better and more implementable regime of ocean policies and governance, embedded in UNCLOS and mirroring the eternal vision of our founder Elisabeth Mann Borgese, mother of the ocean. IOI is her legacy: an aspiration and an inspiration for healthy oceans and universal prosperity. A major example is the governance deficit in areas beyond national jurisdiction. The threat to marine biodiversity and the rise of industrial and destructive fishing practices, fishing subsidies, land and marine-based pollution, exploitation and exploration of marine resources beyond areas of national jurisdiction have all posed a formidable challenge to the fuller implementation of UNCLOS. This critical situation has been compounded by the impact of climate change, thus bringing to the fore the cause and effects relationship in the nexus of oceans and climate change. The lack of an effective compliance and enforcement regime based on the political consensus of the world community has become intolerable and turbulent. There is, however, increasing evidence of an emerging consensus for a new implementation agreement to be negotiated under the auspices of the United Nations. Such an agreement should be aimed at filling the gaps in the governance deficit, but not to rewrite UNCLOS. It is my hope that these presentations and the pursuant debates at the 34rd PIM will make significant contribution to meeting the current and emerging challenges as well as to our comprehension of its scientific, economic and social dimensions as a curtain raiser to any future interaction at the United Nations forums. I wish to thank the Government of Thailand in hosting this important event. I also thank all the contributors and presenters for giving their time so generously to make such as valuable contribution to Pacem in Maribus. As can be seen from the abstracts, five thematic topics have been addressed which augur well for the rich debates and future actions that are expected at the PIM International Forum. Dr. Awni Behnam President IOI 4 | PACEM IN MARIBUS XXXIV H.E. Dr. Plodprasop Suraswadi, Deputy Prime Minister of Thailand Dr. Awni Behnam, President of the International Ocean Institute; Dr. Wendy Watson-Wright, Executive Secretary and Assistant Director-General of UNESCO; Ambassador Salvino Busuttil, Representative of Malta to the IOI Governing Board and President, Fondation de Malte, Distinguished experts, Ladies and Gentlemen, I am very pleased to have the opportunity to extend a very warm welcome to this distinguished gathering of high level persons, friends, partners and distinguished experts from all parts of the world on the occasion of the Pacem in Maribus International Forum on Sustainable Governance of the Ocean co-hosted by the International Ocean Institute (IOI) in cooperation with the Government of Thailand. I wish to convey my sincere appreciation and congratulations to the International Ocean Institute‘s important role and efforts over the years in promoting ocean governance and sustainable development and the successful implementation of significant ocean related activities in Thailand and around the globe. The IOI in Thailand was established in 2000 under the Office of the Thai Marine Policy and Restoration Committee, the Office of the Prime Minister to promote integrated and sustainable management of the Thai seas. I had a great opportunity to welcome Prof. Elisabeth Mann Borgese in March 2001 at the Royal Forest Department during her visit to Thailand to attend the Maritime Security Conference organized by SEAPOL in Bangkok to convey her message at the official ceremony of the establishment of the IOI Centre in Thailand. Today, the IOI-Thailand has grown and continues to implement its mission in supporting Thai senior officials to attend the IOI training courses in Canada, Malta and China as well as the organization of conferences, workshops and meetings, institution building and partnerships including advice on the formulation of national marine policy and projects for Thailand, coastal community projects in the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, and promotion of school children and women to actively participate in ocean related activities including the World Ocean Day celebrations. Talking about ocean governance, I look around and don’t see any schools anywhere that offer a course or a syllabus dealing with ocean governance such as the courses being offered by the IOI. I hope that IOI continues to produce knowledge-based and ocean leaders for our country and other countries around the world. This will ensure that good ocean governance principles will be well understood and effectively structured from states to the rural community. This is to meet today’s challenges of the global dynamic environment, turbulences, instability and uncertainty. As reported by the IOI, the PIMXXXIV will address emerging issues relevant to climate change and ocean related hazards; the follow up of the outcome of Rio+20, implementation of UNCLOS and related instruments in the Southeast Asian region; tsunami and youth dialogue. On the issue of Climate change and ocean related hazards, Thailand‘s flood crisis in 2011 caused very severe damage to our economy and society. However, this crisis provided an important opportunity to re- evaluate and introduce a holistic and integrated approach to water management and flood prevention. This includes the establishment of a single command authority to coordinate all water management works which is capable of making prompt decisions which monitor day-to-day situations and during times of crisis. Thailand has dedicated 350 billion Thai Baht or 11.5 billion U.S. Dollars to invest in a well-integrated water management infrastructure and flood prevention system PACEM IN MARIBUS XXXIV | 5 to prevent future floods. The country just successfully hosted the 2nd Asia Pacific Water Summit during 19-20 May 2013 in Chiang Mai under the theme “Water Security and Water Related Disaster Challenges: Leadership and Commitment”. As for the issue of tsunamis, Thailand established the National Disaster Warning Centre under the Office of Prime Minister’s Secretariat in May 2005 when I was the first Executive Director of the Centre. IOI in Thailand has played an important role in assisting Thailand on such an establishment, and develops project proposals and implements various coastal community activities for end-to-end tsunami early warning and mitigation systems. Thailand has also supported regional cooperation on disaster management. In 2005, Thailand contributed 10 million U.S. Dollars to establish
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