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Sixth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium Meeting Abstracts June 20 – 23, 2016 Fort Mason, San Francisco, CA Sixth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium Fort Mason, San Francisco June 20 - 23, 2016 Welcome…………………………………………………………………... 1 Symposium Scientific Committee.………………………………………... 1 Conference Sponsors…………………………………………………........ 2 Program of Events Overview……………………………………………… 3 Oral Presentation Abstracts…………………..………………………........ 5 Poster Abstracts…………………………………………………………… 45 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Welcome Welcome to the Sixth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium. Many of you have been a part of the Phytophthora ramorum community for the past 15 years, experiencing the successes and failures as well as the balancing and prioritization of issues that come from vicissitudes in tree mortality, politics, and funding. It is difficult to sustain programs as new problems arise to compete for limited resources, yet here we all are. We appreciate your dedication and continued collaboration. Persistence and partnerships are the central focus of the field trip, highlighting the cooperative research and management being conducted by agencies working to protect the resources they manage, while also contributing to our knowledge of how to stop pathogen spread. These partnerships led to the first detection of P. tentaculata in restoration sites. As pathologists took a closer look, numerous Phytophthora species were detected on several California native plant species. While our collaboration, awareness, and concern for P. ramorum led to these detections, it is dismaying that, despite all we have learned, we still have so much more work to do to prevent plant pathogen spread and protect forests from inadvertent pathogen introductions. We hope this Symposium inspires you to continue this battle with renewed energy. Thank you for your continued concern for the health of forests, communities, and nurseries Susan J. Frankel, Sudden Oak Death Research USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, California; [email protected] Janice Alexander, Sudden Oak Death Outreach Coordinator California Oak Mortality Task Force/UC Cooperative Extension Marin County Novato, California; [email protected] Katie Harrell, Communications Director California Forest Pest Council/UC Berkeley Berkeley, California; [email protected] Symposium Scientific Committee Clive Brasier, UK Forest Research (emeritus) Matteo Garbelotto, UC Berkeley Everett Hansen, Oregon State University Jennifer Parke, Oregon State University David Rizzo, UC Davis Joan Webber, UK Forest Research 1 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Conference Sponsors California Board of Forestry and Fire Protection Sacramento, CA California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection Sacramento, CA California Oak Mortality Task Force, California Forest Pest Council Sacramento, CA Hetch Hetchy Regional Water System Services of the San Francisco Public Utilities Commission San Francisco, CA Midpeninsula Regional Open Space District Los Altos, CA National Park Service, Golden Gate National Recreation Area San Francisco, CA USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Emergency Response, Response and Recovery, Plant Pathogens and Weeds Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Raleigh, North Carolina USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Region, State and Private Forestry, Forest Health Protection Vallejo, CA USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station Albany, CA University of California, - Berkeley, Forest Pathology and Mycology Lab University of California – Davis, Department of Plant Pathology University of California Cooperative Extension, Marin County Novato, CA 2 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Program of Events Overview MONDAY, JUNE 20, 2016 10:00 - 3:30 Phytophthora Identification Training, UC Berkeley, Morgan Hall Lounge 6:00 - 8:00 Evening Registration & Welcome Social, Log Cabin, the Presidio TUESDAY, JUNE 21, 2016 8:00 - 8:30 Registration, Fort Mason, Gallery 308 8:45 - 8:55 Check in for Field Trip, Fort Mason, Gallery 308 9:00 - 5:30 “Research & Management of Sudden Oak Death & Other Phytophthora Species on the San Francisco Peninsula” Field Trip (Lunch Provided) 5:30 Return to Ft Mason, Galley 308 5:30 - 6:30 California Oak Mortality Task Force Management Committee meeting, Fort Mason, Gallery 308 WEDNESDAY, JUNE 22, 2016 8:00 - 9:00 Registration and Coffee 9:00 - 10:00 Impacts & Status of Phytophthora ramorum 10:05 - 10:20 Break 10:20 - 11:40 Sudden Oak Death & Landscape Ecology 11:45 - 12:45 Lunch (Provided) 12:45 - 2:15 Sudden Oak Death Management 2:30 - 2:50 Break 2:50 - 4:15 Ecology: Forest Change Over Time 4:15 - 5:15 Acute Oak Decline in the United Kingdom 5:30 - 6:30 Poster Session (Social with local foods) 7:00 - 9:00 Dinner & Social at Matteo Garbelotto’s home THURSDAY, JUNE 23, 2016 8:00 - 9:00 Registration and Coffee 9:00 - 10:20 Genetics 10:20 - 10:40 Break 10:40 - 11:20 Genetics, cont. 11:20 - 12:00 Nurseries & Managed Landscapes 12:00 - 1:00 Lunch (Provided) 1:00 - 2:00 Nurseries & Managed Landscapes, cont. 2:00 - 2:15 Break 2:15 – 3:35 Phytophthora Detections in Native Plant Nurseries & Restoration Sites 3:35 - 3:45 Break 3:45 – 5:00 Phytophthora Detections in Native Plant Nurseries & Restoration Sites, cont. 5:00 Adjourn 3 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM 4 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Oral Presentation Abstracts (in agenda order) 5 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM 6 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Slowing spread of sudden oak death in Oregon forests, 2001-2015 Alan Kanaskie, Randy Wiese, Danny Norlander, Jon Laine, and Sarah Navarro, Oregon Department of Forestry, Salem, OR 97310; [email protected]; Ellen Michaels Goheen and Ron Rhatigan, USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region FHP, Central Point, OR; Everett Hansen, Wendy Sutton, Paul Reeser, Nik Grunwald, and Zhian Kamvar, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR; Nancy Osterbauer, Oregon Department of Agriculture, Salem OR. Sudden oak death, caused by Phytophthora ramorum, is lethal to tanoak (Notholithocarpus densiflorus) and threatens this species throughout its range in Oregon. The disease was first discovered in coastal southwest Oregon forests in July 2001. An interagency team attempted to eradicate the pathogen through a program of early detection and mandatory destruction of infected and nearby host plants. Eradication treatments eliminated disease from most infested sites, but the disease continued to spread slowly, mostly in a northward direction. Following a sharp increase in disease in 2010 and 2011, a result of leaving many infestations untreated, the program shifted goals from complete eradication to slowing spread. In 2012 the quarantine regulations were changed by establishing a Generally Infested Area (GIA) in which eradication on was no longer required by law. Since then, eradication treatments (cutting and burning host plants) have been focused on new infestations that occur outside of the GIA. All new infestations outside the GIA are cut and burned, but the size of the treatment area varies with available funds and location of the site. Since 2001 the area under quarantine has expanded seven times: from 22 km2 (9 mi2) in 2001 to 1,333 km2 (515 mi2) in 2015, which is approximately 31% of the total area of Curry County. The GIA has expanded four times and currently stands at 151 km2 (58 mi2). Within this area, hundreds of thousands of tanoaks have died in the since 2012, creating a high risk for wildfire and damage from falling trees. From the initial infestations of 2001, the disease has been found a maximum distance of 28 km (17.5 mi) to the north, 12 km (7.5 mi) to the northeast along the Chetco River, and 11 km (7 mi) to the southeast along the Winchuck River. In early 2015 the EU1 genetic lineage of P. ramorum was detected on a single tanoak tree located approximately 1 mile north of a small private nursery (now closed) near the Pistol River. Genotype comparison of the tanoak and nursery isolates suggests the nursery as the probable source for the forest infestation. This is the first report of the EU1 lineage in US forests. All host plants within approximately 130 m of the infected tree were cut and burned in 2015. Two post-treatment assays of soil and vegetation on the infested site failed to detect P. ramorum. 7 ABSTRACTS FROM THE SIXTH SUDDEN OAK DEATH SCIENCE SYMPOSIUM Lessons from 15 years of monitoring sudden oak death and forest dynamics in California forests Margaret Metz, Department of Biology, Lewis & Clark College, Portland, OR 97219; [email protected]; J. Morgan Varner, Department of Forest Resources and Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA; Ross Meentemeyer, Center for Geospatial Analytics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC; Kerri Frangioso and David Rizzo, Department of Plant Pathology, UC Davis, Davis, CA. Fifteen years ago we began monitoring host composition and disease impacts in what would eventually become a network of permanent forest monitoring plots throughout the known and predicted range of Phytophthora ramorum in California coastal forests. Stretching approximately 500 miles from Big Sur to the California-Oregon border, the plot network captures variation in interactions among the pathogen, its potential hosts, and the environment across wide gradients in
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