Why Learn Toplay MUSIC?

Health Benefits Music and the Arts are Vital Elements of the Curriculum Why

“We don’t see these kinds of biological changes Visit NAMMFoundation.org to learn the benefits of Learn in people who are just listening to music, who music education; how to support music programs in are not playing an instrument. I like to give schools; and to join the SupportMusic Coalition, a to Play the analogy that you’re not going to become national network of music education advocates. physically fit just by watching sports.” MUSIC? Sources – NINA KRAUS, TIME 16 1. Harris Interactive, 2006. 2. NAMM Foundation and Grunwald Associates LLC (2015).Striking a Chord: The Public’s Hopes and Beliefs for K–12 Music Education in Photo Credit: Kim Floyd Photography the United States: 2015. 3. NAMM Foundation and Grunwald Associates LLC (2015). Striking a Chord: The Public’s Hopes and Beliefs for K–12 Music Education in the United States: 2015. 4. Woodruff Carr K, W.-S.T.,Tierney A, Strait D, Kraus N. , Beat synchronization and speech encoding in preschoolers: A neural synchrony framework for language development. , in Association for Research in Otolaryngology Symposium. 2014: San Diego, CA. 5. Peter Greene,“Stop ‘defending’ music education,” The Huffington Post, June 11, 2015. 6. Joanne Lipman, “Is Music the Key to Success?” The New York Times, October 13, 2013. 7. Strait, D.L. and N. Kraus, Biological impact of auditory expertise across the life span: musicians as a model of auditory learning. Hearing Research, 2013; Strait, D.L. and N. Kraus, Can you hear me now? Musical training shapes functional brain networks for selective auditory attention and hearing speech in noise. Front Psychol, 2011. 2: p. 113. 8. Dr. Nina Kraus, director of Northwestern University Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory. 9. Reported in Joanne Lipman, “A Musical Fix for American Schools,” The Wall Street Journal, October 10, 2014. 10. Adam T. Tierney, Jennifer Krizman, Nina Kraus, “Music training alters the course of adolescent auditory development,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2015.11. Arte Music Academy. “Statistical benefits of music in education.” Statistical-Benefits-Of-Music-In-Education. Accessed July 17, 2014. 12. Arts Education Partnership, 2011.13. © 2015 Program for Early Parent Support (PEPS), a 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization.14. © 2015 Program for Studies show that music can trigger the brain to release Early Parent Support (PEPS), a 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization.15. Dick Zentner, 2013 Patrick John Hughes Parent/Booster Award Recipient 16. Nina Kraus, director chemicals that distract the body from pain.17 of Northwestern’s Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, quoted in Melissa Locker, “This Is How Music Can Change Your Brain,” Time, December 16, 2014. 17. Abbie Fenress Swanson, “Music helps vets control symptoms of PTSD,” Time, March 8, 2010. 18. Nina Kraus, Jessica Slater, Elaine C. Thompson, Jane Hornickel, Dana L. Strait, Musical training is thought to improve nervous system Trent Nicol, Travis White-Schwoch, “Music Enrichment Programs Improve the Neural Encoding of Speech in At-Risk Children,” Journal of Neuroscience, September 3, function by focusing attention on meaningful acoustic 2014. 19. Skoe, E. & Kraus, N. (2012). A Little Goes a Long Way: How the Adult Brain Is Shaped by Musical Training in Childhood, Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (34). cues, and these improvements in auditory processing 20. Parbery-Clark A, A.S., Kraus N., Musical Experience and Hearing Loss: Perceptual, Cognitive and Neural Benefits, in Association for Research in Otolaryngology cascade to language and cognitive skills. 18 Symposium. 2014: San Diego, CA.

Cognitive and neural benefits of musical experience continue throughout the lifespan, from childhood through senior adulthood, and counteract some of the negative effects of aging, such as memory and hearing difficulties in older adults.20

Photo Credit: Rob Davidson Photography “Music may not make you a genius, or rich, or even a better person. But it helps train you to think differently, to process different points of view — and most important, to take pleasure in listening.”

Educational Benefits Health – JOANNE Benefits LIPMAN, THE NEW YORK TIMES 6 SocialMusic Benefits and the Arts are Vital In schools in which principals and vice principals ChildrenElements who study of a the musical Curriculum instrument are more Why say the quality of their music education programs is Photo Credit: Rob Davidson Photograpahy likely to excel in all of their studies, work better in excellent or very good, graduation rates are 90.9%, “We don’t see these kinds of biological changes teams,Visit haveNAMMFoundation.org enhanced critical tothinking learn the skills, benefits of Learn and attendance is at 93.8%.1 in people who are just listening to music, who staymusic in school, education; and pursue how to further support education. music programs11 in 87% of teachers and 79% of parents strongly are not playing an instrument. I like to give Perseveranceschools; and is todeveloped join the SupportMusicand strengthened Coalition, through a to Play believe music education has a positive impact on the analogy that you’re not going to become musicnational education network and of supports music education better study advocates. habits overall academic performance. 2 physically fit just by watching sports.” and self-esteem.12 MUSIC? Sources of teachers and of parents rate music – NINA KRAUS, TIME 16 As they make music together, Making music together, 89% 82% 1. Harris Interactive, 2006. 2. NAMM Foundation and Grunwald Associates LLC education highly as a source for greater student children(2015).Striking learn a Chord: to work The Public’s as a Hopes team and Beliefswhile for they K–12 Musiceach Education in Photo Credit: Kim Floyd Photography the United States: 2015. 3. NAMM Foundation and Grunwald Associates LLC (2015). creativity, a 21st century skill that’s highly likely contributeStriking a Chord: to Thethe Public’s song Hopes in andtheir Beliefs own for K–12way. Music At Educationthe in the United States: 2015. 4. Woodruff Carr K, W.-S.T.,Tierney A, Strait D, Kraus N. , Beat to help young people stand out in an increasingly samesynchronization time, musicand speech helps encoding children in preschoolers: learn A neural that synchrony together framework for language development. , in Association for Research in Otolaryngology Symposium. competitive global economy.3 Cognitive Benefits they2014: can San makeDiego, CA. something 5. Peter Greene,“Stop larger ‘defending’ than musicthe education,”sum of The Huffington Post, June 11, 2015. 6. Joanne Lipman, “Is Music the Key to Everyday listening skills are stronger in musically-trained itsSuccess?” parts. 13The New York Times, October 13, 2013. 7. Strait, D.L. and N. Kraus, Research reveals strong connections between rhythm Biological impact of auditory expertise across the life span: musicians as a model of children than in those without music training. Significantly, auditory learning. Hearing Research, 2013; Strait, D.L. and N. Kraus, Can you hear skills and pre-reading abilities in toddlers.4 Moreme now? benefits Musical training of shapesmusic functional for children brain networks include for selective learning auditory listening skills are closely tied to the ability to: perceive attention and hearing speech in noise. Front Psychol, 2011. 2: p. 113. 8. Dr. Nina cooperation,Kraus, director of sharing,Northwestern compromise,University Auditory Neuroscience creativity, Laboratory. and 9. speech in a noisy background, pay attention, and keep Reported in Joanne Lipman, “A Musical Fix for American Schools,” The Wall Street concentration—skillsJournal, October 10, 2014. 10. thatAdam T.become Tierney, Jennifer invaluable Krizman, Nina as Kraus, they sounds in memory.7 “Music training alters the course of adolescent auditory development,” Proceedings enterof the school,National Academy face of new Sciences, challenges, 2015.11. Arte Musicand Academy.begin “Statisticalto benefits of music in education.” Statistical-Benefits-Of-Music-In-Education. Accessed 14 In order to fully reap the cognitive benefits of a music formJuly 17,new 2014. friendships 12. Arts Education and Partnership, develop 2011. social13. © 2015 skills. Program for Early Parent Support (PEPS), a 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization.14. © 2015 Program for class,Studies kids show have that to be music actively can engagedtrigger the in thebrain music to release and Early Parent Support (PEPS), a 501(C)(3) nonprofit organization.15. Dick Zentner, 2013 Patrick John Hughes Parent/Booster Award Recipient 16. Nina Kraus, director 8 participatechemicals in that the distract class. the body from pain.17 of Northwestern’s Auditory Neuroscience Laboratory, quoted in Melissa Locker, “This Is How Music Can Change Your Brain,” Time, December 16, 2014. 17. Abbie Fenress Swanson, “Music helps vets control symptoms of PTSD,” Time, March 8, 2010. In a 2009 study in the Journal of Neuroscience, 18. Nina Kraus, Jessica Slater, Elaine C. Thompson, Jane Hornickel, Dana L. Strait, Musical training is thought to improve nervous system “OneTrent Nicol, of theTravis biggest White-Schwoch, kicks “Music is to Enrichment see a childPrograms come Improve into the Neural the researchers used an MRI to study the brains of 31 Encoding of Speech in At-Risk Children,” Journal of Neuroscience, September 3, function by focusing attention on meaningful acoustic music2014. program 19. Skoe, E. as& Kraus, an introvert N. (2012). A andLittle Goesleave a Long as Way:a student How the Adult leader. 6-year-old children, before and after they took lessons Brain Is Shaped by Musical Training in Childhood, Journal of Neuroscience, 32 (34). cues, and these improvements in auditory processing 20. Parbery-Clark A,That’s A.S., Kraus a tremendous N., Musical Experience process” and Hearing Loss: Perceptual, on a musical instrument for 15 months. They found that Cognitive and Neural Benefits, in Association for Research in Otolaryngology 18 – Symposium.DICK ZENTER, 2014: San2013 Diego, PATRICK CA. JOHN HUGHES PARENT/BOOSTER Photo Credit: Kristen Wynn Photography thecascade music tostudents’ language brains and cognitivegrew larger skills. in the areas that AWARD WINNER15 control fine motor skills and hearing—and that students’ Children who receive musical instruction have more Or contact the abilities in both those areas also improved. The corpus Photo Credit: Jill Sanchez organization below for more information: “Music is… magical...you take some seemingly random callosum,robust brainstem which connects responses the to left sound and rightas adults sides than of the peers marks on a page, you blow air through a carefully brain,who nevergrew asparticipated well.9 in music lessons. These results suggest that neural changes accompanying musical constructed tube, and what comes out the other side is Music training leads to greater gains in auditory and training during childhood are retained in adulthood.19 a sound that can convey things that words cannot...And motor function when begun in young childhood; by while we can do a million random things with a million adolescence, the plasticity that characterizes childhood Cognitive and neural benefits of musical experience random objects, somehow, when we just blow some air has begun to decline. Nevertheless, our results establish continue throughout the lifespan, from childhood through through a tube, we create sounds that can move other that music training impacts the auditory system even senior adulthood, and counteract some of the negative human beings, can reach right into our brains and our when it is begun in adolescence, suggesting that a hearts... That is… magical.” modesteffects amount of aging, of suchtraining as memorybegun later and inhearing life can difficulties 20 affectin older neural adults. function. 10 – PETER GREENE, THE HUFFINGTON POST 5 Photo Credit: Rob Davidson Photography

NF_16_WhyLtPV2ƒ.indd 1 4/27/16 9:53 AM “Music may not make you a genius, or rich, or even“Music “Musica better may mayperson. not not make Butmake you it youhelps a genius, a genius,train oryou rich,or torich, thinkor or evendifferently,even a better a better to person. process person. But different But it helps it helps points train train you of you viewto thinkto —think anddifferently,differently, most important, to processto process to different take different pleasure points points in of listening.” viewof view — — andand most most important, important, to taketo take pleasure pleasure in listening.”in listening.” Educational Benefits – JOANNE LIPMAN, THE NEW YORK TIMES 6 Social Benefits EducationalEducational Benefits Benefits – JOANNE LIPMAN, THE NEW YORK TIMES6 6 SocialSocial Benefits Benefits In schools in which principals and vice principals – JOANNE LIPMAN, THE NEW YORK TIMES Children who study a musical instrument are more sayIn theInschools schools quality in whichinof whichtheir principals musicprincipals education and and vice vice principalsprograms principals is Photo Credit: Rob Davidson Photograpahy ChildrenlikelyChildren to whoexcel who study in study all a ofmusical a theirmusical studies,instrument instrument work are better are more more in excellentsaysay the the qualityor qualityvery ofgood, theirof their graduation music music education education rates are programs 90.9%programs is, is Photo PhotoCredit: Credit: Rob Davidson Rob Davidson Photograpahy Photograpahy likelyteams,likely to excelhaveto excel enhancedin allin allof theirof critical their studies, studies, thinking work work skills,better better in in andexcellent excellentattendance or veryor isvery good,at good,93.8% graduation graduation.1 rates rates are are 90.9% 90.9%, , teams,stayteams, in have school, have enhanced enhanced and pursue critical critical further thinking thinking education. skills, skills, 11 andand attendance attendance is atis 93.8%at 93.8%.1 .1 staystay in school,in school, and and pursue pursue further further education. education.11 11 87% of teachers and 79% of parents strongly Perseverance is developed and strengthened through believe87%87% musicof teachersof teachers education and and 79% has 79% a ofpositive parentsof parents impact strongly strongly on PerseverancemusicPerseverance education is developedis anddeveloped supports and and strengthened better strengthened study throughhabits through overallbelievebelieve academic music music education performance. education has has a 2positive a positive impact impact on on musicandmusic self-esteem. education education and12 and supports supports better better study study habits habits overalloverall academic academic performance. performance. 2 2 andand self-esteem. self-esteem.12 12 89% of teachers and 82% of parents rate music As they make music together, Making music together, As Asthey they make make music music together, together, Making Making music music together, together, education89%89% of highlyteachersof teachers as anda sourceand 82% 82% for of greaterparentsof parents student rate rate music music children learn to work as a team while they each education highly as a source for greater student childrenchildren learn learn to workto work as asa team a team while while they they each each creativity,education a highly21st century as a source skill forthat’s greater highly student likely contribute to the song in their own way. At the creativity,creativity, a 21st a 21st century century skill skill that’s that’s highly highly likely likely contributecontribute to theto the song song in theirin their own own way. way. At Atthe the to help young people stand out in an increasingly same time, music helps children learn that together to helpto help young young people people stand stand out out in anin anincreasingly increasingly samesame time, time, music music helps helps children children learn learn that that together together competitive global economy.3 Cognitive Benefits they can make something larger than the sum of competitive global economy.3 3 CognitiveCognitive Benefits Benefits theythey can can make make something something larger larger than than the the sum sum of of competitive global economy. Everyday listening skills are stronger in musically-trained its parts.13 Research reveals strong connections between rhythm EverydayEveryday listening listening skills skills are are stronger stronger in musically-trainedin musically-trained its itsparts. parts.13 13 ResearchResearch reveals reveals strong strong connections connections between between rhythm rhythm children than in those without music training. Significantly, skills and pre-reading abilities in toddlers.4 childrenchildren than than in thosein those without without music music training. training. Significantly, Significantly, More benefits of music for children include learning skillsskills and and pre-reading pre-reading abilities abilities in toddlers.in toddlers.4 4 listening skills are closely tied to the ability to: perceive MoreMore benefits benefits of ofmusic music for forchildren children include include learning learning listeninglistening skills skills are are closely closely tied tied to theto the ability ability to: to:perceive perceive cooperation, sharing, compromise, creativity, and speech in a noisy background, pay attention, and keep cooperation,cooperation, sharing, sharing, compromise, compromise, creativity, creativity, and and speechspeech in ain noisy a noisy background, background, pay pay attention, attention, and and keep keep concentration—skills that become invaluable as they sounds in memory.7 concentration—skillsconcentration—skills that that become become invaluable invaluable as asthey they soundssounds in memory.in memory.7 7 enter school, face new challenges, and begin to enterenter school, school, face face new new challenges, challenges, and and begin begin to to In order to fully reap the cognitive benefits of a music form new friendships and develop social skills.14 In Inorder order to fullyto fully reap reap the the cognitive cognitive benefits benefits of aof musica music formform new new friendships friendships and and develop develop social social skills. skills.14 14 class, kids have to be actively engaged in the music and class,class, kids kids have have to beto beactively actively engaged engaged in thein the music music and and 8 participate in the class.8 8 participateparticipate in thein the class. class.

In a 2009 study in the Journal of Neuroscience, In Ina 2009 a 2009 study study in thein the Journal Journal of Neuroscienceof Neuroscience, , “One of the biggest kicks is to see a child come into the researchers used an MRI to study the brains of 31 “One“One of theof the biggest biggest kicks kicks is tois seeto see a child a child come come into into the the researchersresearchers used used an anMRI MRI to studyto study the the brains brains of 31of 31 6-year-old children, before and after they took lessons musicmusicmusic program program program as as anas an anintrovert introvert introvert and and and leave leave leave as as aas studenta a student student leader. leader. leader. 6-year-old6-year-old children, children, before before and and after after they they took took lessons lessons That’s a tremendous process” onon ona musical a musical instrument instrument for for 1515 15 months.months. months. TheyThey They foundfound found that that that That’sThat’s a tremendous a tremendous process” process” – DICK ZENTER, 2013 PATRICK JOHN HUGHES PARENT/BOOSTER Photo Credit: Kristen Wynn Photography the music students’ brains grew larger in the areas that – DICK ZENTER, 2013 PATRICK JOHN HUGHES PARENT/BOOSTER Photo PhotoCredit: Credit: Kristen Kristen Wynn PhotographyWynn Photography – DICK ZENTER, 2013 PATRICK JOHN HUGHES15 PARENT/BOOSTER thethe music music students’ students’ brains brains grew grew larger larger in thein the areas areas that that AWARD WINNER 15 AWARDAWARD WINNER WINNER15 controlcontrolcontrol fine fine motor motor skills skills and and hearing—andhearing—and hearing—and thatthat that students’students’ students’ abilities in both those areas also improved. The corpus Photo Credit: Jill Sanchez abilitiesabilities in bothin both those those areas areas also also improved. improved. The The corpus corpus Photo PhotoCredit: Credit: Jill Sanchez Jill Sanchez “Music“Music“Music is… is… is…magical...you magical...you magical...you take take take some some some seemingly seemingly seemingly random random random callosum,callosum,callosum, which which connects connects thethe the leftleft left andand and rightright right sidessides sides of of the ofthe the 9 marksmarksmarks on on a onapage, page, a page, you you youblow blow blow air air through airthrough through a a carefully carefully a carefully brain,brain,brain, grew grew as aswell. well.9 9 constructedconstructed tube, tube, and andwhat what comes comes out outthe theother other side side is is constructed tube, and what comes out the other side is MusicMusicMusic training training leads leads to greaterto greater gainsgains gains inin auditoryinauditory auditory andand and a sound that can convey things that words cannot...And a sounda sound that that can can convey convey things things that that words words cannot...And cannot...And motormotormotor function function when when begun begun inin younginyoung young childhood;childhood; childhood; byby by while we can do a million random things with a million whilewhile we we can can do doa million a million random random things things with with a million a million adolescence,adolescence,adolescence, the the plasticity plasticity thatthat that characterizescharacterizes characterizes childhoodchildhood childhood randomrandomrandom objects, objects, objects, somehow, somehow, somehow, when when when we we justwe just justblow blow blow some some some airair air hashashas begun begun to decline.to decline. Nevertheless, Nevertheless, ourour our resultsresults results establishestablish establish throughthroughthrough a atube, tube, a tube, we we createwe create create sounds sounds sounds that that thatcan can canmove move move other other other thatthatthat musicmusic music training training impacts impacts thethe the auditoryauditory auditory systemsystem system eveneven even humanhumanhuman beings, beings, beings, can can reachcan reach reach right right right into into into our our ourbrains brains brains and and and our our our whenwhenwhen it is it begunis begun in adolescence,in adolescence, suggestingsuggesting suggesting thatthat that aa a hearts...hearts...hearts... That That That is… is… is… magical.” magical.” magical.” modestmodestmodest amount amount of trainingof training begunbegun begun laterlater later inin lifeinlife life cancan can affectaffectaffect neural neural function. function.1010 10 – –PETER PETER – PETER GREENE, GREENE, GREENE, THE THE THEHUFFINGTON HUFFINGTON HUFFINGTON POST POST POST 5 5 5 Health Benefits Music and the Arts are Vital Elements of the Curriculum Why

Children who receive musical instruction have more Or contact the robust brainstem responses to sound as adults than peers organization below for more information: who never participated in music lessons. These results Wyandotte Public Schools 639 Oak Street suggest that neural changes accompanying musical Wyandotte, MI 48192 training during childhood are retained in adulthood.19 www.wyandotte.org 734-759-5000 Cognitive and neural benefits of musical experience continue throughout the lifespan, from childhood through senior adulthood, and counteract some of the negative effects of aging, such as memory and hearing difficulties in older adults.20

Photo Credit: Rob Davidson Photography