DOCSLIB.ORG

Synthesis and Characterization of Strontia Nanoparticles

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Synthesis and Characterization of Strontia Nanoparticles International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Volume 119 No. 15 2018, 1299-1305 ISSN: 1314-3395 (on-line version) url: http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ Special Issue http://www.acadpubl.eu/hub/ SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF STRONTIA NANOPARTICLES S. Vijayalakshmi, P. Anupriya, P. Surya, *Vijayalakshmi C *Assistant Professor, Department of Biomedical Engineering Vel Tech Multi Tech Dr. Rangarajan Dr. Sakunthala Engineering College Avadi, Chennai- 600062. [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] ABSTRACT Biomaterial is defined as any substance which is fabricated to work with the biological system either for therapeutic or diagnostic application in medical field. Strontia nanopowder is synthesized by wet process. Strontia is obtained by the reaction of Strontium chloride hexahydrate and Potassium hydroxide pellets followed by dehydration and calcination. The obtained nanopowder is characterized by XRD and tested for anti- microbial activity. XRD helps to show the unit cell dimensions and is used for phase identification of crystalline materials. The prepared nanopowder size is determined using Scherrer equation. The Strontia synthesized is biocompatible, has anti- inflammatory, anti- microbial and osseointegration properties which can be used for making implants. Keywords: Anti- microbial activity, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Strontia nanopowder, X- ray diffraction. 1. INTRODUCTION The study of biomaterials is called biomaterial science or biomaterial engineering. It includes elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and material science. It is available both naturally and can also be prepared by chemical synthesis. It must be biocompatible in order to replace the natural function of the body. It is widely employed in dental applications, medical applications and drug delivery. Medical device which is engineered to support the damaged biological structure or to replace it is called an implant. Strontium has physical and chemical properties similar to that of calcium. It behaves like 1299 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue calcium in human and helps in bone growth and osseointegration. It occurs naturally and is the 15th most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. The human body absorbs strontium as if it were its lighter kind of calcium. Since the elements are chemically very similar to Calcium, stable strontium isotopes do not pose a significant health threat. It has good corrosion resistance property than that of stainless steel and titanium. Strontium produce strontium oxide when exposed to air which replicates the properties of strontium. Strontium oxide or Strontia is basic in nature and is in the form of white powder. It has cubic crystalline structure with a high melting point of 2,531°C. Strontia is soluble in potassium hydroxide, slightly soluble in alcohol but insoluble in acetone and ether. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 2.1 Materials Strontium chloride hexahydrate, Potassium hydroxide pellets, Toluene and ethanol were purchased from Fischer Scientific. All chemicals purchased were of analytical grade. 2.2 Synthesis of Strontia Nanopowder 25 g, 446.43 mmol of Potassium hydroxide pellets were dissolved in a mixture of water and Toluene in the ratio 1:15followed by addition of 59.52 g, 223.24 mmol of Strontium chloride hexahydrate dissolved in water and is stirred for 2 hrs. The obtained solution is heated at 100°C in water bath for 8 hrs. The resultant obtained is kept overnight and filtered. The obtained filtrate is Strontium hydroxide which is washed with a mixture of Toluene and ethanol. This Strontium hydroxide is kept in hot air oven at 100°C for 24 hrs. The obtained powder is calcined at 700°C in muffle furnace. The white powder which is obtained is Strontia nanopowder. 1300 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Fig 1: Strontia Nanopowder The governing equation is given by, SrCl2.6H2O+2.4KOH Sr(OH)2+2KCl+6H2O Sr(OH)2 SrO+ H2O 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 3.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Fig 2: XRD 1301 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue The strong and sharp peaks that are present show the crystalline structure and purity of Strontia nanoparticles. The peaks were studied using X’pert Highscore software. The analysis confirmed the Orthorhombic phase of Strontia nanoparticles and the size of nanoparticles were calculated to be 32.6nm. 3.2 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) The band observed at 630 cm-1 and the peak at 853.95 cm-1 shows the Sr-O bond. The peak observed at 1444.08 cm-1 shows the presence of OH after the absorption of moisture from atmosphere during the synthesis. Fig 3: FTIR 3.3 Anti-microbial activity It is done inorder to identify the bacterial susceptibility to the synthesized sample. The anti- microbial testing was done with Bacillus subtilis. The zone formed around the synthesized sample shows it resisting activity. The diameter of the zone formed is found to be 2 cm. 1302 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue Fig 4: Anti- microbial testing 4. CONCLUSION Thus, this work helps to serve as a useful biomaterial in the field of medicine which can be used to develop an implant as the synthesized Strontia nanopowder shows good biocompatibility and anti- bacterial activity. REFERENCES 1. Magnesium based degradable biomaterials: A review, Xue-Nan GU (✉), Shuang-Shuang LI, Xiao- Ming LI, and Yu-Bo FAN. Frontiers of Materials Science 8(3):200-218, September 2014. 2. A review on the exploitation of biodegradable magnesium-based composites for medical applications, Jingxin Yang, Gerry L Koons, Guang Cheng, Linhui Zhao, Antonios, Mikos and Fuzhai Cui, Biomedical materials, 13(2), 2018. 3. Reduced-Graphene oxide and Strontium-Titanate-based double layered composite: An Efficient Microwave Absorbing Material, Sukanta Dass K Sahuramesh Oraonp C Routrayh Baskeyg C Nayak, Bulletin Of Material Science, 41(1), 2017. 1303 International Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics Special Issue 4. Preparation of Al-Sr master alloys by the aluminothermic reduction of SrO using aluminum scrap at pilot plant scale, Rodrigo Juarez, Alfredo Flores, Rocio Ochoa, Laura Martinez, Jesus Torres and Arturo Reyes, Metallurgy Research and Technology, 114(512), 2017. 5. Strontium Production from Strontium Oxide Using Vacuum Aluminothermic Process, Mehmet Buğdaycı, Ahmet Turan, Y. Cucurachi, Onuralp Yücel, UCTEA Chamber of Metallurgical & Materials Engineers, IMMC 2016. 6. Synthesis and Characterization of Strontium Oxide Nanoparticles via Wet Process, Athar, Taimur, Materials Focus, 2(6), pp. 450-453(4), 2013. 7. Nonaqueous synthesis of SrO nanopowder and SrO/SiO2 composite and their application for biodiesel production via microwave irradiation, Naor E. O, Gedanken A. Renewable Energy, 101, pp.493-499, 2017. 1304 1305 1306.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Writing Total and Net Ionic Equations
    WRITING TOTAL AND NET IONIC EQUATIONS http://www.csun.edu/~hcchm001/FreshChemHandouts.html 1. Write the overall equation including the correct designations for the physical state of the substances (s, l, g, aq). Balance this equation. Most of these kinds of equations are double displacement reactions: AX + BY 6 AY + BX 2. For the total ionic equations, write strong electrolytes in solution in the form of aqueous ions. (a) Strong acids. The common strong acids and their aqueous ions are: HI Hydroiodic acid H+-(aq) + I (aq) HBr Hydrobromic acid H+-(aq) + Br (aq) HCl Hydrochloric acid H+-(aq) + Cl (aq) +- HNO33Nitric acid H (aq) + NO (aq) +- HClO44Perchloric acid H (aq) + ClO (aq) +-2 H24SO Sulfuric acid 2 H (aq) + SO4(aq) (b) Strong bases. Strong bases are the hydroxides of the alkali (Group IA) and alkaline earth (Group IIA) metals ions which are sufficiently soluble. The common strong bases and their aqueous ions are: LiOH Lithium hydroxide Li+-(aq) + OH (aq) NaOH Sodium hydroxide Na+-(aq) + OH (aq) KOH Potassium hydroxide K+-(aq) + OH (aq) +2 - Sr(OH)2Strontium hydroxide Sr (aq) + 2 OH (aq) +2 - Ba(OH)2 Barium hydroxide Ba (aq) + 2 OH (aq) (c) Soluble salts. Determinations of the solubility of a salt may be made by reference to SOLUBILITIES OF IONIC COMPOUNDS. Soluble salts are written as their aqueous ions: NaCl(aq) Sodium chloride Na+-(aq) + Cl (aq) +-2 K24SO (aq) Potassium sulfate 2 K (aq) + SO4(aq) +-2 Li23CO (aq) Lithium carbonate 2 Li (aq) + CO3(aq) +-3 Na34PO (aq) Sodium phosphate 3 Na (aq) + PO4(aq) +-2 (NH42) SO4(aq) Ammonium sulfate 2 NH4(aq) + SO4 (aq) 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix a of Final Environmental Impact Statement for a Geologic Repository for the Disposal of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Lev
    Appendix A Inventory and Characteristics of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Other Materials Inventory and Characteristics of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Other Materials TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page A. Inventory and Characteristics of Spent Nuclear Fuel, High-Level Radioactive Waste, and Other Materials ................................................................................................................................. A-1 A.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. A-1 A.1.1 Inventory Data Summary .................................................................................................... A-2 A.1.1.1 Sources ......................................................................................................................... A-2 A.1.1.2 Present Storage and Generation Status ........................................................................ A-4 A.1.1.3 Final Waste Form ......................................................................................................... A-6 A.1.1.4 Waste Characteristics ................................................................................................... A-6 A.1.1.4.1 Mass and Volume ................................................................................................. A-6 A.1.1.4.2 Radionuclide Inventories ...................................................................................... A-8 A.1.1.4.3
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of the Solubility Product of Groupii Hydroxides
    DETERMINATION OF THE SOLUBILITY PRODUCT OF GROUPII HYDROXIDES INTRODUCTION SOLUBILTY EQUILIBRIA Many systems in chemistry appear to be static when in fact they are in (dynamic) equilibrium. When a system is in dynamic equilibrium the rate of the forward process is equal to the rate of the reverse process. One of these equilibrium systems is solubility equilibrium. When an ionic salt is placed in water if the salt is soluble then the salt will break apart (dissociate) into ions and the solution will contain hydrated positive ions and hydrated negative ions. An example is the formation of Na+ (aq) and Cl- (aq) when NaCl is dissolved in water. Consulting solubility tables tell us that most hydroxides are insoluble and therefore do not dissociate into ions when in solution. For example the net ionic equation for the reaction between MgCl2 and KOH is shown below. (Equation 1, Figure 1). 2+ - Mg (aq) + 2(OH ) (aq) Mg(OH)2 (Equation 1) Figure (1) However, even compounds considered insoluble will form a small amount of ions in solution. If a salt is “insoluble” what is really happening is that the equilibrium for the formation of hydrated ions from the reaction between the solid salt and water lies very far to the left (toward the solid). The formation of this small amount of ions and their recombination make up a system in dynamic equilibrium. The equilibrium constant for this process is called the solubility product, Ksp. The equilibrium reaction and equilibrium constant expression for Mg(OH)2 is shown below. (Note that the Mg(OH)2 does not appear in the equilibrium expression since it is a solid.
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis of Sro–Al2o3 Solid Base Catalysts from Strontium Hydroxide and Aluminum Alkoxide by a Solid-Liquid Interface Reaction
    Journal of the Japan Petroleum Institute, 64, (2), 103-111 (2021) 103 [Regular Paper] Synthesis of SrO–Al2O3 Solid Base Catalysts from Strontium Hydroxide and Aluminum Alkoxide by a Solid-liquid Interface Reaction Hiromi MATSUHASHI†1)＊, Asako IWAMOTO†1), Misaho SASAKI†1), Kana YOSHIDA†1), and Hirofumi ARITANI†2) †1) Dept. of Science, Hokkaido University of Education, 1-2 Hachiman-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido 040-8567, JAPAN †2) Dept. of Life Science & Green Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Saitama Institute of Technology, 1690 Fusaiji, Fukaya, Saitama 369-0293, JAPAN (Received October 19, 2020) _ Highly dispersed SrO in amorphous Al2O3, SrO Al2O3, was synthesized by solid-liquid interface reaction of Sr(OH)2・8H2O in the solid phase with Al(OCH(CH3)2)3 dissolved in 2-propanol. The water of crystallization in _ Sr(OH)2・8H2O was consumed for the hydrolysis of Al(OCH(CH3)2)3. SrO Al2O3 catalyst synthesized by solid-liquid interface reaction of equimolar amounts of Sr(OH)2・8H2O and Al(OCH(CH3)2)3, then heat treated at 673 K, exhibited the highest activity among the prepared catalysts for the base-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction of _ _ diacetone alcohol. Catalytic activity of SrO Al2O3 catalyst calcined at 673 K was twice that of SrO Al2O3 cata- _ lyst prepared by physical mixing of Sr(OH)2・8H2O with Al2O3. Active SrO Al2O3 catalyst was obtained by heating at a temperature just below that of Sr3Al2O6 crystallization. Formation of SrO by heat treatment at 673 K was confirmed using X-ray absorption near edge structure analysis.
    [Show full text]
  • Chemical Names and CAS Numbers Final
    Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number C3H8O 1‐propanol C4H7BrO2 2‐bromobutyric acid 80‐58‐0 GeH3COOH 2‐germaacetic acid C4H10 2‐methylpropane 75‐28‐5 C3H8O 2‐propanol 67‐63‐0 C6H10O3 4‐acetylbutyric acid 448671 C4H7BrO2 4‐bromobutyric acid 2623‐87‐2 CH3CHO acetaldehyde CH3CONH2 acetamide C8H9NO2 acetaminophen 103‐90‐2 − C2H3O2 acetate ion − CH3COO acetate ion C2H4O2 acetic acid 64‐19‐7 CH3COOH acetic acid (CH3)2CO acetone CH3COCl acetyl chloride C2H2 acetylene 74‐86‐2 HCCH acetylene C9H8O4 acetylsalicylic acid 50‐78‐2 H2C(CH)CN acrylonitrile C3H7NO2 Ala C3H7NO2 alanine 56‐41‐7 NaAlSi3O3 albite AlSb aluminium antimonide 25152‐52‐7 AlAs aluminium arsenide 22831‐42‐1 AlBO2 aluminium borate 61279‐70‐7 AlBO aluminium boron oxide 12041‐48‐4 AlBr3 aluminium bromide 7727‐15‐3 AlBr3•6H2O aluminium bromide hexahydrate 2149397 AlCl4Cs aluminium caesium tetrachloride 17992‐03‐9 AlCl3 aluminium chloride (anhydrous) 7446‐70‐0 AlCl3•6H2O aluminium chloride hexahydrate 7784‐13‐6 AlClO aluminium chloride oxide 13596‐11‐7 AlB2 aluminium diboride 12041‐50‐8 AlF2 aluminium difluoride 13569‐23‐8 AlF2O aluminium difluoride oxide 38344‐66‐0 AlB12 aluminium dodecaboride 12041‐54‐2 Al2F6 aluminium fluoride 17949‐86‐9 AlF3 aluminium fluoride 7784‐18‐1 Al(CHO2)3 aluminium formate 7360‐53‐4 1 of 75 Chemical Abstract Chemical Formula Chemical Name Service (CAS) Number Al(OH)3 aluminium hydroxide 21645‐51‐2 Al2I6 aluminium iodide 18898‐35‐6 AlI3 aluminium iodide 7784‐23‐8 AlBr aluminium monobromide 22359‐97‐3 AlCl aluminium monochloride
    [Show full text]
  • A Kinetic Study of the Strontium Extraction by Metallothermic Reduction Using Submerged Sro Powders Injection ⁎ R
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Materials Letters 62 (2008) 637–640 www.elsevier.com/locate/matlet A kinetic study of the strontium extraction by metallothermic reduction using submerged SrO powders injection ⁎ R. Muñiz a, , A. Flores a, J. Torres a, S. Luna a, N. Rodríguez b a CINVESTAV Unidad Saltillo, Saltillo-Monterrey highway Km. 13.5 P.O. Box 663, 25000, Saltillo, Coahuila, México b Instituto Tecnológico de Saltillo V. Carranza Blvd. 2500, Saltillo, Coahuila, México Received 3 May 2007; accepted 8 June 2007 Available online 16 June 2007 Abstract This work reports the results of laboratory experiments conduced to follow the kinetics of strontium recovery into the Al–Mg alloy by metallothermic reduction of SrO. The reagent was incorporated to molten alloy by the use of submerged powders injection technique. The variables analyzed were the injection time, the melt temperature and the initial magnesium content. Magnesium is added to the melt to increase the reactivity and reduce the surface tension of the molten aluminum. It was possible to increase the strontium content from 0 to 5 wt.% after 60 min of treatment. The results were fitted to a general kinetic equation, which allowed it to obtain the kinetic parameters, i.e. order of reaction and activation energy of the process. As the main mechanism of the strontium recovery process is of diffusive type, the global process rate increases as the temperature and initial amount of the magnesium increased. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Strontium recovery; Submerged powder injection; Metallothermic reduction; Reaction kinetic 1. Introduction a vapour by vacuum distillation [2].
    [Show full text]
  • Synthesis Target Structures for Alkaline Earth Oxide Clusters
    inorganics Article Synthesis Target Structures for Alkaline Earth Oxide Clusters Susanne G. E. T. Escher, Tomas Lazauskas ID , Martijn A. Zwijnenburg and Scott M. Woodley * ID Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK; [email protected] (S.G.E.T.E.); [email protected] (T.L.); [email protected] (M.A.Z.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 21 November 2017; Accepted: 7 February 2018; Published: 21 February 2018 Abstract: Knowing the possible structures of individual clusters in nanostructured materials is an important first step in their design. With previous structure prediction data for BaO nanoclusters as a basis, data mining techniques were used to investigate candidate structures for magnesium oxide, calcium oxide and strontium oxide clusters. The lowest-energy structures and analysis of some of their structural properties are presented here. Clusters that are predicted to be ideal targets for synthesis, based on being both the only thermally accessible minimum for their size, and a size that is thermally accessible with respect to neighbouring sizes, include global minima for: sizes n = 9, 15, 16, 18 and 24 for (MgO)n; sizes n = 8, 9, 12, 16, 18 and 24 for (CaO)n; the greatest number of sizes of (SrO)n clusters (n = 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18 and 24); and for (BaO)n sizes of n = 8, 10 and 16. Keywords: inorganic nanoclusters; global optimization; data mining; computational modelling; magnesium oxide; calcium oxide; strontium oxide; barium oxide 1. Introduction Structure determination of materials plays an important role in materials design because the properties of materials are inherently linked to their atomic and electronic structure.
    [Show full text]
  • Example Exercise 8.1 Evidence for a Reaction
    Example Exercise 8.1 Evidence for a Reaction Which of the following is experimental evidence for a chemical reaction? (a) Pouring vinegar on baking soda gives foamy bubbles. (b) Mixing two solutions produces insoluble particles. (c) Mixing two colorless solutions gives a yellow solution. (d) Mixing two solutions produces a temperature increase. Solution We can analyze each of these observations based on the criteria for a chemical reaction. (a) The bubbles produced indicate a chemical reaction is occurring. (b) The insoluble particles formed indicate a chemical reaction. (c) The yellow color produced indicates a chemical reaction. (d) The temperature increase indicates heat energy is being released and, thus, an exothermic chemical reaction. Practice Exercise What are four observations that a chemical reaction has occurred? Answers: (a) a gas is released; (b) a precipitate is produced; (c) a permanent color change is observed; (d) an energy change is noted Concept Exercise What four observations are evidence for a chemical reaction? Answer: See Appendix G. Introductory Chemistry: Concepts and Critical Thinking, 6th Edition © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Charles H. Corwin Example Exercise 8.2 Writing Chemical Equations Write a chemical equation for each of the following chemical reactions: (a) Mercury liquid and fluorine gas react to give solid mercury(II) fluoride. (b) Zinc metal reacts with sulfuric acid to give aqueous zinc sulfate and hydrogen gas. Solution To write the chemical equation, we must provide formulas and symbols for each substance. We can describe each of the preceding chemical reactions as follows: (a) Hg(l) + F2(g) → HgF2(s) (b) Zn(s) + H2SO4(aq) → ZnSO4(aq) + H2(g) Practice Exercise Write a chemical equation for each of the following chemical reactions: (a) Aqueous solutions of sodium iodide and silver nitrate yield silver iodide precipitate and aqueous sodium nitrate.
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent Office Patented Nov
    3,848,055 United States Patent Office Patented Nov. 12, 1974 2 (f) recovering strontium values from the separated solu 3,848,055 tion. EXTRACTION OF STRONTUMWALUES DETAILED DESCRIPTION FROM CELESTTE Allan C. Kelly, Pleasanton, Calif., assignor to Kaiser The celestite used may be either a natural ore, or an Aluminum & Chemical Corporation, Oakland, Calif. 5 ore which has been beneficiated, for example by froth No Drawing. Filed July 13, 1973, Ser. No. 379,125 flotation. Preferably all the celestite passes a 100 mesh Int. Cl. C22b 3/00, 29/00, C01f 1/00, 11/00 screen and at least 30% passes a 325 mesh screen. This U.S. C. 423-158 0 Clains sizing may be achieved by grinding a high purity natural O ore, or may result from the grinding performed prior to ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE froth flotation of a lower grade ore. It will be under stood that generally the finer the celestite ore, the more Strontium hydroxide is produced directly from celestite rapidly it will react with the sodium hydroxide to form (SrSO4) by forming a slurry of finely divided celestite in strontium hydroxide. a sodium hydroxide solution of such concentration that The amount of the sodium hydroxide solution used to it contains at least 10 g./l. NaOH after reaction of the 15 slurry the celestite will be adequate to produce a readily celestite with sodium hydroxide to form strontium hy agitated slurry. While relatively dilute slurries can be used, droxide. The strontium hydroxide formed is washed to for efficiency one will use as high a concentration of solids remove any sodium sulfate also precipitated, and then as is consistent with getting good stirring action.
    [Show full text]
  • Exam 3 Review Course: Chem 177 Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Burnett Iowa State University Date: April 1St, 2010 1
    Leader: Katie Exam 3 Review Course: Chem 177 Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Burnett Iowa State University Date: April 1st, 2010 1. From the enthalpies of reaction 퐻2 푔 + 퐹2 푔 → 2퐻퐹 푔 ∆퐻 = −537 푘퐽 퐶 푠 + 2퐹2 푔 → 퐶퐹4 푔 ∆퐻 = −680 푘퐽 2퐶 푠 + 2퐻2 푔 → 퐶2퐻4 푔 ∆퐻 = 52.3 푘퐽 Calculate ∆퐻 for the reaction of ethylene with 퐹2: 퐶2퐻4 푔 + 6퐹2 푔 → 2퐶퐹4 푔 + 4퐻퐹 푔 2. Calculate the standard enthalpy change for the following reaction using the values given in the table below. 2푆푂2 푔 + 푂2 푔 → 2푆푂3 푔 푆푂2 푔 -296.9 푆푂3 푔 -395.2 퐻2푂 푙 -285.8 3. Indicate whether each of the following statements is True or False. a) ______ Longer wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation correspond to greater frequencies. b) ______ Photon energies decrease with increasing wavelength. c) ______ The energy transmitted by electromagnetic radiation is quantized. 4. In the Bohr model of the atom ______. a) A single photon is absorbed when an electron moves from a low energy orbit to a higher energy orbit. b) Electrons freely roam throughout the volume of the atom. c) Electrons exist simultaneously in multiple orbits. d) Energy is absorbed when electrons fall to orbits close to the nucleus. e) Line spectra cannot be predicted for the hydrogen atom. 5. The light-sensitive substance in black-and-white photographic film is AgBr. Photons provide the energy necessary to transfer an electron from 퐵푟− 푡표 퐴푔+ to produce Ag and Br and darken the film. 2.00 x103 J/mol is the minimum amount of energy required for this process.
    [Show full text]
  • Structural Role of Strontium Oxide in Modified Silicate Glasses. G El Damrawi1*, R.M
    Structural Role of Strontium Oxide in Modied Silicate Glasses Gomaa El-Damrawi ( [email protected] ) Mansoura University Faculty of Science https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-0682 Rawia Ramadan National Research Centre mohamed Biomey Mansoura University Faculty of Science Research Article Keywords: Strucutr, Physical properties, glasses, Glass Ceramics Posted Date: April 26th, 2021 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-443520/v1 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published at Silicon on July 22nd, 2021. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-021-01226-w. Structural role of strontium oxide in modified silicate glasses. G El Damrawi1*, R.M. Ramadan2 and M.A. Biomy3 1,3Glass Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt 2 Microwave Physics and Dielectrics Department, Physics Research Division, National Research Centre, 12622, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt Abstract In the composition range of x= 0-15 mol%, glasses in the system 24.5Na2O.24.5CaO.6P2O5.xSrO.(45-x)SiO2 have been studied. The glasses are transparent and have an amorphous network structure when they are as prepared. Heat treated glasses, on the other hand, are transformed into opaque white glass ceramics with a highly crystalline network structure. The main well-formed crystalline species in material bioactivity were apatite (calcium phosphate, Ca3(PO4)2, wollastonite (calcium silicate, CaSiO3), and strontium calcium phosphate [Ca2Sr(PO4)2. Increasing SrO improves material crystallite and increases the host glass matrix's hardness.
    [Show full text]
  • Strontium Hexafluoro-2,4-Pentanedionate
    AKS786 - STRONTIUM HEXAFLUORO-2,4-PENTANEDIONATE STRONTIUM HEXAFLUORO-2,4-PENTANEDIONATE Safety Data Sheet AKS786 Issue date: 12/30/2014 Revision date: 04/01/2021 Version: 2.2 SECTION 1: Identification 1.1. Identification Product name : STRONTIUM HEXAFLUORO-2,4-PENTANEDIONATE Product code : AKS786 Product form : Substance Physical state : Solid Formula : C10H2F12O4Sr Synonyms : STRONTIUM HFAC STRONTIUM HEXAFLUOROACETYLACETONE Chemical family : METAL COMPOUND 1.2. Recommended use and restrictions on use Recommended use : Chemical intermediate 1.3. Supplier GELEST, INC. 11 East Steel Road Morrisville, PA 19067 USA T 215-547-1015 - F 215-547-2484 - (M-F): 8:00 AM - 5:30 PM EST [email protected] - www.gelest.com 1.4. Emergency telephone number Emergency number : CHEMTREC: 1-800-424-9300 (USA); +1 703-527-3887 (International) SECTION 2: Hazard(s) identification 2.1. Classification of the substance or mixture GHS US classification Skin corrosion/irritation Category 2 H315 Causes skin irritation Serious eye damage/eye irritation Category 2A H319 Causes serious eye irritation Full text of H statements : see section 16 2.2. GHS Label elements, including precautionary statements GHS US labeling Hazard pictograms (GHS US) : Signal word (GHS US) : Warning Hazard statements (GHS US) : H315 - Causes skin irritation H319 - Causes serious eye irritation Precautionary statements (GHS US) : P280 - Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection. P264 - Wash hands thoroughly after handling. P302+P352 - If on skin: Wash with plenty of soap and water. P332+P313 - If skin irritation occurs: Get medical advice/attention. P305+P351+P338 - IF IN EYES: Rinse cautiously with water for several minutes.
    [Show full text]