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(Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Pada Kawasan Hutan Resort Cinta Raja, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser

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(Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Pada Kawasan Hutan Resort Cinta Raja, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) PADA KAWASAN HUTAN RESORT CINTA RAJA, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SKRIPSI DEVI RAHMAYANI SYAHFITRI 140805043 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI S-1 FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) PADA KAWASAN HUTAN RESORT CINTA RAJA, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER SKRIPSI Diajukan untuk melengkapi tugas dan memenuhi syarat mencapai gelar Sarjana Sains DEVI RAHMAYANI SYAHFITRI 140805043 PROGRAM STUDI BIOLOGI S-1 FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA MEDAN 2019 UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA i UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA ii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KUPU-KUPU (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) PADA KAWASAN HUTAN RESORT CINTA RAJA, TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG LEUSER ABSTRAK Kupu-kupu adalah salah satu jenis serangga dari ordo Lepidoptera yang berperan penting dalam mempertahankan keseimbangan ekosistem dan nilai keindahan. Hutan Cinta Raja merupakan salah satu kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) yang memiliki banyak tanaman berbunga. Daerah penelitian dilalui dua aliran sungai (Long 3 dan Long 4) yang merupakan habitat bagi kupu-kupu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan deskripsi keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu serta jenis tumbuhan pakan dan tumbuhan inang pada subordo Rhopalocera. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus sampai dengan Desember 2018 di kawasan hutan primer resort Cinta Raja, TNGL. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah survei eksploratif dan pemotretan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 4 famili kupu-kupu yaitu Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae dan Lycaenidae. Total jenis kupu-kupu yang didapat berjumlah 47 jenis yang terdiri dari Nymphalidae sebnayak 31 jenis, Pieridae sebanyak 7 jenis, Papilionidae sebanyak 6 jenis dan Lycaenidae sebanyak 3 jenis. Jenis tumbuhan pakan dan inang yang dikonsumsi juga sebagai tempat berkembangbiak kupu-kupu ditemukan sebanyak 17 famili. Famili tumbuhan pakan dan inang tersebut antara lain Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bombacaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminoceae, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae dan Verbenaceae. Kata Kunci: Keanekarangaman Kupu-Kupu, Tumbuhan Pakan, Tumbuhan Inang, Subordo Rhopalocera iii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA BUTTERFLY SPECIES DIVERSITY (LEPIDOPTERA: RHOPALOCERA) IN FOREST AREA OF CINTA RAJA, GUNUNG LEUSER NATIONAL PARK ABSTRACT Butterfly is a member of Lepidoptera with functional role in maintaining ecosystem balance and aesthetic value. Forest of Cinta Raja is an area of Gunung Leuser National Park which inhabited by numerous flowering plants. Study sites are characterized of two streams (Long 3 and Long 4) known as butterfly habitat. This study aimed to identify and describe the butterfly species diversity with their feed plants and host within suborder of Rhopalocera. The study was conducted from August until December 2018 in primary area of Cinta Raja forest, Gunung Leuser National Park. Method used in this study was exploratory survey and visual documentation. The study documented four butterfly families: Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae and Lycaenidae. Total species of butterfly found in this study were 47 species consisted of Nymphalidae with 31 species, Pieridae with 7 species, Papilionidae with 6 species and Lycaenidae with only 3 species. Species of feed plants and hosts for butterfly species were: Acanthaceae, Annonaceae, Asteraceae, Bombacaceae, Dipterocarpaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Leguminoceae, Magnoliaceae, Malvaceae, Melastomataceae, Moraceae, Myrtaceae, Orchidaceae, Rutaceae, Rubiaceae, Sapindaceae and Verbenaceae. Keywords: Butterfly, Feed Plants, Gunung Leuser, Host Plants, Rhopalocera. iv UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA PENGHARGAAN Puji dan syukur penulis panjatkan atas kehadirat Allah SWT, Tuhan Yang Maha Pemurah dan Maha Penyayang serta shalawat beriring salam penulis sampaikan kepada baginda Nabi Muhammad SAW, dengan limpah karunia-Nya penulis dapat menyelesaikan penyusunan skripsi ini dengan judul Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) Pada Kawasan Hutan Resort Cinta Raja, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. Skripsi ini dibuat sebagai salah satu syarat untuk meraih gelar Sarjana Sains pada Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (MIPA), Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan. Pada kesempatan ini penulis memberikan penghargaan setinggi-tingginya dan ribuan ucapan terima kasih kepada Bapak Drs. Nursal, M.Si selaku dosen pembimbing yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan, motivasi, perhatian, semangat dan pengetahuan untuk penyusunan skripsi ini. Ucapan terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Bapak Drs. Arlen Hanel John, M.Si dan Ibu Dr. Etti Sartina Siregar, M.Si selaku dosen penguji yang telah banyak memberikan kritik dan saran demi penyempurnaan skripsi ini. Terima kasih dengan segala kerendahan hati kepada Ibu Dr. Isnaini Nurwahyuni, M.Sc selaku dosen penasehat akademik yang telah banyak meluangkan waktu dalam memberikan bimbingan dan motivasi kepada penulis dalam menjalani perkuliahan. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Ibu Dr. Saleha Hannum, M.Si dan Bapak Riyanto Sinaga, S.Si., M.Si selaku ketua dan sekretaris program studi Biologi (S-1) FMIPA-USU Medan, serta terima kasih kepada dekan dan wakil dekan FMIPA USU, seluruh staf pegawai dan dosen program studi Biologi (S-1) FMIPA USU. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada pihak pengelola Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) dan Yayasan Orangutan Sumatera Lestari-Orangutan Information Centre (YOSL-OIC) yang telah memberikan izin penelitian dan telah banyak membantu penulis selama di lapangan. Terima kasih kepada seluruh Asisten dan Staf Laboratorium Sistematika Hewan USU atas kerja sama, rasa kekeluargaan, dukungan dan kritik serta masukan yang banyak membantu penulis. v UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA Ribuan terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada Ayah tercinta Aiptu Rahmat dan Bunda tercinta Mala Suryawati yang telah membesarkan, mendidik, menyayangi dengan sangat sabar serta telah memberikan cinta, kasih sayang dan pengorbanan yang sangat tulus dan sempurna kepada penulis, juga kepada ketiga adik tercinta Dwi Aryanti Ariesta Surbakti, Dian Novita Sari Surbakti dan Rizky Maulana Surbakti yang senantiasa setulus hati memberikan do’a, semangat dan dukungan yang besar kepada penulis dalam menyelesaikan studi ini. Terima kasih kepada orang spesial Muhammad Iqbal Hafidz S.S beserta keluarga besar yang selalu memberikan do’a, semangat dan dukungan kepada penulis untuk menyelesaikan skripsi ini. Terima kasih kepada teman-teman Genom 2014 yang telah membuat masa perkuliahan terasa menyenangkan dan berkesan, terkhusus Taufik Hidayat dan Aries Hardiansyah yang telah bersusah payah dalam menanggung beban selama penelitian ditengah hutan primer sampai selesai penelitian, teruntuk Evi Karmila Naibaho dan Ika Azura Margolang yang senantiasa menemani, memberi semangat sabar dalam suka duka selama proses sampai selesainya skripsi ini. Terima kasih kepada kakak asuh AOC (2012), kakak abang 13iosfer (2013), adik-adik SOY (2015) dan adik asuh LED (2016) yang telah menjadi teman dekat penulis. Terima kasih kepada Pakde Putra, Bang Rendi, Yoga yang telah sangat membantu penulis selama berada di lapangan, terkhusus kepada Bang Pendi yang telah sangat membantu saat berada di dalam hutan primer Cinta Raja. Penulis ucapakan terima kasih kepada seluruh abang-abang lainnya yang tidak dapat penulis sebutkan. Terima kasih penulis ucapkan kepada teman-teman spesial Bang Mul, Bang Am dan Tama yang selalu memberi semangat, dan doanya kepada penulis. Penulis menyadari masih banyak kekurangan dalam penyusunan skripsi ini, untuk itu penulis mengharapkan kritik dan saran yang membangun dari semua pihak demi kesempurnaan penyusunan skripsi ini. Demikian yang dapat penulis sampaikan, atas perhatiannya penulis ucapkan terima kasih. Medan, April 2019 Devi Rahmayani Syahfitri vi UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA DAFTAR ISI Halaman PENGESAHAN SKRIPSI i ABSTRAK ii ABSTRACT iii PENGHARGAAN iv KATA PENGANTAR v DAFTAR ISI vii DAFTAR TABEL ix DAFTAR GAMBAR x DAFTAR LAMPIRAN xii BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang 1 1.2 Permasalahan 3 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian 3 1.4 Manfaat Penelitian 3 BAB 2 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Morfologi dan Klasifikasi Kupu-Kupu (Rhopalocera) 4 2.2 Keanekaragaman Kupu-Kupu 5 2.3 Ekologi Kupu-Kupu 6 2.4 Habitat Kupu-Kupu 7 2.5 Hubungan Tanaman Pada Kupu-Kupu 7 2.6 Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Populasi Kupu-Kupu 8 2.7 Peranan Kupu-Kupu di Lingkungan 10 BAB 3 METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Tempat dan Waktu 11 3.2 Kondisi Fisik Hutan 11 3.2.1 Topografi 11 3.2.2 Tipe Iklim 12 3.2.3 Faktor Fisik Kimia Lingkungan 12 3.2.4 Lokasi Penelitian 12 3.2.4.1 Lokasi Hutan 12 3.2.4.2 Formasi Hutan 13 3.2.4.3 Lokasi Sungai 13 3.2.4.4 Formasi Sungai 14 3.3 Alat dan Bahan 14 3.4 Metode Penelitian 14 3.5 Pelaksanaan Penelitian 14 3.5.1 Cara Kerja 14 3.5.1.1 Metode Survei Eksploratif 14 vii UNIVERSITAS SUMATERA UTARA 3.5.1.2 Metode Pemotretan 15 3.5.1.3 Pengambilan Sampel 15 3.5.1.4 Identifikasi Sampel 15 3.6 Analisis Data 16 BAB 4 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Jumlah Jenis Kupu-Kupu Masing-Masing Famili yang 17 Terdapat di Hutan Primer Resort Cinta Raja, Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser. 4.2 Jenis Tumbuhan Pakan dan Inang Kupu-Kupu Subordo 19 Rhopalocera 4.3 Klasifikasi dan Deskripsi Jenis Kupu-Kupu Subordo 23 Rhopalocera BAB 5 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan 51 5.2 Saran 51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 52 LAMPIRAN 56 viii
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