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City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Ntalla, Irida (2017). The interactive museum experience: investigating experiential tendencies and audience focus in the Galleries of Modern London and the High Arctic exhibition. (Unpublished Post-Doctoral thesis, City, University of London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/17280/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] The Interactive Museum Experience: Investigating experiential tendencies and audience focus in the Galleries of Modern London and the High Arctic exhibition Irida Ntalla Ph.D. Thesis This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Culture and Creative Industries. Centre for Culture and Creative Industries Department of Sociology School of Arts and Social Sciences January 2017 i Table of Contents Introduction ...................................................................... 1 i. Relations between humans and technology .......................... 4 ii. Visions of interactivity ...................................................... 6 iii. Personal trajectories ........................................................ 9 iv. Research questions and methodological considerations ..... 12 iv.1 Rhizomatic thinking ................................................................................................. 20 v. The thesis’ outline ............................................................ 23 CHAPTER 1 ................................................................... 28 Approaching the research: methodologies and backgrounds ....................................................................................... 28 1.1 Introduction ................................................................... 28 1.1.2 Reflexivity: Ethnographic research key to this project .......................................... 29 1.2 Research Cases ................................................................ 31 1.2.1 Interactive touch-screen interfaces at the Galleries of Modern London, Museum of London ......................................................................................................................... 31 1.2.2 High Arctic Exhibition, National Maritime Museum, London ......................... 40 1.3 Research Framework and Methodologies ......................... 47 1.3.1 The empirical study ................................................................................................. 52 1.3.2 Research ethics ........................................................................................................ 57 1.4 Data Collection .............................................................. 57 1.4.1 The sample .............................................................................................................. 58 1.4.2 Interviews ................................................................................................................ 59 1.4.3 Observation ............................................................................................................. 63 1.4.4 Secondary sources ................................................................................................. 64 iii 1.4.5 Empirical data analysis .......................................................................................... 64 1.5 Conclusion ..................................................................... 65 CHAPTER 2 .................................................................. 67 The Museum in Motion ................................................... 67 2.1 Introduction ................................................................... 67 2.2 The Forerunners of the Museum ..................................... 70 2.3 The Modern Museum and The Public .............................. 75 2.4 In Succession to the Museum of Modernity ..................... 84 2.4.1 Tensions between modernism and postmodernism in museum practices .......... 89 2.6 Conclusion .................................................................... 102 CHAPTER 3 ................................................................. 105 Interactive Digital Practices in ....................................... 105 Museum Exhibitions ...................................................... 105 3.1 Introduction .................................................................. 105 3.2 Definitions and Models of Interactivity in Media Environments ...................................................................... 111 3.3 An Introduction of Digital Interactive Exhibits in Museum Spaces ............................................................................... 120 3.4 Interactivity in Museum Spaces ..................................... 127 3.5 Interactive Art Practices and Their Influence .................. 135 3.6 Audience, Users, Visitors ............................................... 143 3.7 Capturing Audiences’ Experience in the Museum Spaces 147 3.8 Conclusion .................................................................... 158 CHAPTER 4 ................................................................. 161 Museum Multisensory and .............................................. 161 Interactive Experiences ................................................... 161 4.1 Introduction .................................................................. 161 iv 4.2 Multiple Museum Experiences ...................................... 168 4.3 Touching Interactive Exhibits ....................................... 176 4.3.1 Learning with our fingerprints ............................................................................. 178 4.3.2 Body, a field of actions .......................................................................................... 181 4.4 Communicating climate change through interactivity and immersion ......................................................................... 184 4.6 Play and Paideia in the Museum Experience ................... 191 4.4.1 Interactivity and play in the museum space ......................................................... 193 4.5 Affective and Emotional Relations ................................. 195 4.5.1 Relations between physical and felt engagement, learning and meaning-making ....................................................................................................................................... 202 4.7 Conclusion .................................................................. 209 CHAPTER 5 .................................................................. 212 Conclusion ..................................................................... 212 5.1 Introduction .................................................................. 212 5.2 Reviewing the Aim of the Thesis .................................... 213 5.3 Synthesis of Findings ..................................................... 217 5.3.1 How do museum professionals and visitors interactivity in the museum? .......... 221 5.3.1 Perceived interactivity: multiple, integrative and situated .................................. 224 5.3.2 Sensory and other interactions: touch and play, affective encounters and immersion ...................................................................................................................... 227 5.3.3 Experiencing Interactivity: multiple, rhizomatic and affective ............................ 231 5.4 Contributions of This Thesis ......................................... 233 5.5 Concluding Remarks and Suggested Future Research ..... 235 Bibliography ................................................................. 238 APPENDIX .................................................................. 274 v List of Images Image 1: Galleries of Modern London. Museum of London....................................32 Image 2: Galleries of Modern London. Museum of London .................................... 33 Image 3 & 4: Capital Concerns interface, Galleries of Modern London ............... 37 Image 5 & 6: Two visitors working together on the Charles Booth’s 1899 Poverty Map of London. Galleries of Modern London ............................................................. 39 Image 7: Original Charles Booth’s 1899 Poverty Map of London. ........................... 39 Image 8 & 9: London street photos interactive exhibit. Galleries of Modern London..........................................................................................................................40 Image 10 & 11: The High Arctic exhibition, National Maritime Museum London ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Image 12 & 13: Digital floors projections, The