Farmers' Suicide in Punjab: Analysis of Reporting in Print Media
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International Journal of Chemical Studies 2019; 7(3): 3320-3323 P-ISSN: 2349–8528 E-ISSN: 2321–4902 IJCS 2019; 7(3): 3320-3323 Farmers’ suicide in Punjab: Analysis of reporting © 2019 IJCS Received: 14-03-2019 in print media Accepted: 18-04-2019 Manjot Kaur Manjot Kaur, Ravijot Kaur and Sarabjeet Singh Senior Research Fellow, Department of Agricultural Journalism, Languages and Abstract Culture, Punjab Agricultural An immense number of farmers’ suicide, highlighted by the media in Punjab, is certainly a disturbing University, Ludhiana, Punjab, phenomenon. Therefore, this exercise was done to analyse the media reportage on farmer suicides in India Punjab. Five widely distributed vernacular local dailies of Punjab namely Ajit, Jag Bani, Punjabi Tribune, Rozana Spokesman and Punjabi Jagran were selected for the present research work. News Ravijot Kaur clippings on farmer’s suicide, published by selected newspapers were collected from Jan 2017 to Dec Senior Research Fellow, 2018. It was found that during the two years period i.e. for 1st January 2017 to December 31, 2018, a total Department of Agricultural of 709 farmers’ committed suicide. The number of farmers who committed suicide were more in 2017 Journalism, Languages and (387) then in 2018 (322). During the second quadrimester of two years i.e. May to August, maximum Culture, Punjab Agricultural number of farmers committed suicides (327). Highest percentage (29%) of news on farmers’ suicide was University, Ludhiana, Punjab, published by Ajit newspaper. Highest percentage (39% in 2017 & 28% in 2018) of farmers who India committed suicide belonged to the age group of 31-45 years. Highest percentage of farmers (44.57 %) ends life due to depression + debt. A new trend of killing family members, relatives, friends etc. before Sarabjeet Singh Professor, Department of committing suicide was also observed and it is increasing rapidly. As per the data reported by the various Agricultural Journalism, newspapers during the year 2017, 15 persons killed 27 people before committing suicide during May to Languages and Culture, Punjab August. This number almost doubled in 2018 as 18 people killed 45 people before committing suicide Agricultural University, during the same period. Therefore medical and mental health services along with financial help should be Ludhiana, Punjab, India provided to the farmers under debt to completely end up culture of farmer suicides in Punjab. It can also be suggested that media personnel must follow WHO guidelines while reporting suicide and preventive measures should be included in the side bar of the news by every newspaper. Keywords: Farmer suicide, reported causes, killing before suicide, print media Introduction Farmers’ suicides have been receiving a lot of media attention, more so by the vernacular local dailies, in recent years. The problem of farmer suicide is both theoretical and interpretative in nature. Although there is an availability of empirical data, there exists a deficiency in establishing interrelationships, due to a lack of sufficient understanding of its trends and [6] complex patterns (Kaviraj, 1984) . A study conducted by the Institute for Development and Communication, Chandigarh, revealed that in Punjab there is no single factor that attributed to the people taking the extreme step. The spate of farmers’ suicides, highlighted by the media in Punjab, is certainly a disturbing phenomenon (Kumar & Sharma, 1998) [7]. Media portrayal of suicide has been associated with copycat behavior, especially if the reported suicide is glorified or sensationalized or if the [1] method is explicitly described (Chen et al., 2011) . Further, media can be a source of misinformation about suicide, often simplistically giving the impression that suicide is caused predominantly by immediate stressors rather than being linked to mental health problem and/or substance use/misuse (Hawton and Willams, 2005) [4]. In addition, media can help enhance mental health literacy in the community. The media was joined in by the economists, political scientists, sociologists, social workers, and farmer organizations in drawing attention towards this tragic situation. Keeping its importance in mind the present study on Farmer’s Correspondence suicide in Punjab: Analysis of reporting in Print media was planned with the following Manjot Kaur objectives: Senior Research Fellow, Department of Agricultural To analyse the reporting on farmers suicide in Print media Journalism, Languages and To find out the various reported reasons of farmer’s suicide in Punjab. Culture, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India ~ 3320 ~ International Journal of Chemical Studies Methodology Table 2: Newspaper wise distribution of news reported on farmer This exercise was done to analyse the media reportage on suicides during 2017-18. farmer suicides in Punjab. Five widely distributed vernacular 2017- 2018 Sr. No. Newspaper local dailies of Punjab namely Ajit, Jag Bani, Punjabi f % Tribune, Rozana Spokesman and Punjabi Jagran were 1. Ajit 392 28.97 selected for the present research work. News clippings on 2. Jag Bani 103 7.61 farmer’s suicide, published by selected newspapers were 3. Punjabi Tribune 301 22.25 collected from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018. The available 4. Punjabi Jagran 349 25.79 information on monthly pattern of suicide, age of persons and 5. Rozana Spokesman 208 15.37 reported causes of suicide was used to analyze the data Total 1353 through frequency and percentages. Although, selected newspapers covered similar cases of Results & Discussion farmer suicide with slightly different headings and Monthly pattern of suicides demographic information but the data presented in Table 2 The data in Table 1 shows that during the two years period i.e. revealed that highest percentage (29%) of news on farmers’ for 1st January 2017 to December 31, 2018, a total of 709 suicide were published by Ajit newspaper followed by farmers’ committed suicide. The number of farmers who Punjabi Jagran (26%), Punjabi Tribune (22%) and Rozana committed suicide were more in 2017 (387) then in 2018 Spokesman (15%). While, minimum news on farmers’ suicide (322). As per the newspaper reports, in 2017, maximum was covered by Jag Bani (8%). number (65) of farmers committed suicide during the month of July. While in 2018, maximum (43) farmers committed Distribution of suicides by age suicides during the month of May. During January & The data in Table 3 clearly depicts that overall 709 farmer February 2017, minimum (8) number of farmers’ committed suicides were reported by the selected newspapers during the suicides. While in 2018, the minimum number of farmers year 2017-2018. suicides was reported in October (12). Another trend of farmer suicides can be inferred from this Table 3: Age wise distribution of reported farmer suicides during 2017-18. reporting that during the second quadrimester of two years i.e. May to August, maximum number of farmers committed 2017-2018 suicides (327). It is almost more than double during the Age 2017 2018 Total quarter from January to April. This hints at planning more f % f % f % concerted effort during the second quadrimester of the year. Up to 30 61 15.76 48 14.91 109 15.37 The results are in line with study conducted by Dandekar and 31-45 152 39.28 91 28.26 243 34.27 Bhattacharya, 2017 [2]. They found that majority of the 46-60 85 21.96 78 24.22 163 22.99 suicides in Sangrur occurred from May to October. Above 60 14 3.62 26 8.07 40 5.64 Not Mentioned 75 19.38 79 24.53 154 21.72 Table 1: Month wise distribution of reported farmer suicide during Total 387 322 709 2017-18 It was found that highest percentage (39% in 2017 & 28% in 2017- 2018 2018) of farmers who committed suicide belonged to the age Sr. No. Month 2017 2018 Total group of 31-45 years. Lowest percentage (4% in 2017 and 8% f % f % f % 1. January 8 2.07 24 7.45 32 4.51 in 2018) of suicidal farmers was above 60 years of age. 2. February 8 2.07 24 7.45 32 4.51 Therefore, it can be concluded that middle aged farmers 3. March 14 3.62 36 11.18 50 7.05 committed maximum number of suicides. The reason can be 4. April 14 3.62 33 10.25 47 6.63 the stress and overburden due to responsibilities of farming 5. May 35 9.04 43 13.35 78 11.00 and family, education and marriage of children and exorbitant 6. June 35 9.04 34 10.56 69 9.73 expenditure on farming equipments etc. 7. July 65 16.79 38 11.80 103 14.53 8. August 56 14.47 21 6.52 77 10.86 Distribution of reported reasons of suicides 9. September 57 14.73 20 6.21 77 10.86 It was found that there are various reasons of farmers’ suicide 10. October 38 9.82 12 3.73 50 7.05 in Punjab. On the basis of News clippings collected and from 11. November 26 6.72 24 7.45 50 7.05 the intensive analysis of suicides reported in media during 12. December 31 8.01 13 4.04 44 6.21 January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2018, the reported reasons Total 387 322 709 were categorized as solo and multiple reasons responsible for farmers’ suicide. The perusal of data in Table 4 shows that out High rates of suicide in this period may be attributed to the of the total 709 cases of farmer suicides in Punjab as per relatively poor harvest of Kharif crops and increase in reported by the print media, highest percentage of farmers outstanding debt. The inability to begin sowing for the next (44.57 %) ends their life due to depression + debt. It can be season due to a dip in credit worthiness leads to a larger clearly inferred from the data that the farmers who committed number of suicides in the subsequent months.