Biographie De Guillaume Kigbafori Soro
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Côte D'ivoire Country Focus
European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office Côte d’Ivoire Country Focus Country of Origin Information Report June 2019 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-993-0 doi: 10.2847/055205 © European Asylum Support Office (EASO) 2019 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: © Mariam Dembélé, Abidjan (December 2016) CÔTE D’IVOIRE: COUNTRY FOCUS - EASO COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT — 3 Acknowledgements EASO acknowledges as the co-drafters of this report: Italy, Ministry of the Interior, National Commission for the Right of Asylum, International and EU Affairs, COI unit Switzerland, State Secretariat for Migration (SEM), Division Analysis The following departments reviewed this report, together with EASO: France, Office Français de Protection des Réfugiés et Apatrides (OFPRA), Division de l'Information, de la Documentation et des Recherches (DIDR) Norway, Landinfo The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalisation Service, Office for Country of Origin Information and Language Analysis (OCILA) Dr Marie Miran-Guyon, Lecturer at the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales (EHESS), researcher, and author of numerous publications on the country reviewed this report. It must be noted that the review carried out by the mentioned departments, experts or organisations contributes to the overall quality of the report, but does not necessarily imply their formal endorsement of the final report, which is the full responsibility of EASO. -
Cour Pénale Internationale 1 Chambre De Première Instance I 2 Situation En République De Côte D'ivoire 3 Affaire Le Procur
ICC-02/11-01/15-T-224-Red-FRA WT 12-11-2018 1/78 SZ T Conférence de mise en état (Audience publique) ICC-02/11-01/15 1 Cour pénale internationale 2 Chambre de première instance I 3 Situation en République de Côte d’Ivoire 4 Affaire Le Procureur c. Laurent Gbagbo et Charles Blé Goudé — n° ICC-02/11-01/15 5 Juge Cuno Tarfusser, Président — Juge Olga Herrera Carbuccia — Juge Geoffrey 6 Henderson 7 Conférence de mise en état — Salle d’audience n° 1 8 Lundi 12 novembre 2018 9 (L’audience est ouverte en public à 9 h 32) 10 Mme L’HUISSIER : [09:32:10] Veuillez vous lever. 11 L’audience de la Cour pénale internationale est ouverte. 12 Veuillez vous asseoir. 13 M. LE JUGE PRÉSIDENT TARFUSSER (interprétation) : [09:32:28] Bonjour à tous. 14 Nous sommes ici aujourd’hui pour entendre les arguments de l’équipe de défense. 15 C’est le premier jour de ces arguments. Je crois que c’est à la Défense Gbagbo de 16 commencer. Donc, je donne immédiatement la parole à Me Altit. 17 Je vous rappelle juste notre programme : nous allons avoir trois séances d’une heure 18 et demie — la routine. 19 Allez-y, Maître Altit. 20 Me ALTIT : [09:33:34] Merci, Monsieur le Président. 21 M. LE JUGE PRÉSIDENT TARFUSSER (interprétation) : [09:34:04] Peut-être un verre 22 d’eau avant de commencer. Mais enfin, je suis un peu inquiet si vous devez déjà 23 boire avant même de commencer. 24 Me ALTIT : [09:34:17] Monsieur le Président, Madame, Monsieur les juges, 25 permettez-moi de vous lire une phrase qui pose les termes du débat, qui éclaire la 26 raison d’être de notre discussion et qui explique pourquoi il doit y avoir une 27 décision de non-lieu — et je cite : « Aucune déclaration ni aucun document n’expose 28 explicitement la volonté de Laurent Gbagbo ou celle des membres dans son 12/11/2018 Page 1 ICC-02/11-01/15-T-224-Red-FRA WT 12-11-2018 2/78 SZ T Conférence de mise en état (Audience publique) ICC-02/11-01/15 1 entourage immédiat de rester au pouvoir même s’il fallait pour cela user de violence 2 envers des civils. -
“The Best School” RIGHTS Student Violence, Impunity, and the Crisis in Côte D’Ivoire WATCH
Côte d’Ivoire HUMAN “The Best School” RIGHTS Student Violence, Impunity, and the Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire WATCH “The Best School” Student Violence, Impunity, and the Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-312-9 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org May 2008 1-56432-312-9 “The Best School” Student Violence, Impunity, and the Crisis in Côte d’Ivoire Map of Côte d’Ivoire ...........................................................................................................2 Glossary of Acronyms......................................................................................................... 3 Summary ...........................................................................................................................6 -
Update Briefing Africa Briefing N°83 Dakar/Brussels, 16 December 2011 Côte D’Ivoire: Continuing the Recovery
Update Briefing Africa Briefing N°83 Dakar/Brussels, 16 December 2011 Côte d’Ivoire: Continuing the Recovery I. OVERVIEW Having endorsed the installation of a democratically elect- ed president by ex-rebel forces, the international commu- nity could have predicted the difficulty of pressing them Despite a marked improvement, the situation in Côte to restore state authority rather than celebrate victory and d’Ivoire remains fragile. The transfer to The Hague of for- continue abuses. Security reform, moreover, falls under the mer President Laurent Gbagbo – indicted by the Interna- purview of their political head, Prime Minister and Defence tional Criminal Court (ICC) – only twelve days before the Minister Guillaume Soro. Côte d’Ivoire’s foreign partners, parliamentary elections of 11 December 2011, has stoked notably France, the U.S. and the European Union (EU), political tensions. After a vote characterised by low turn- should play a crucial role of assisting disarmament, demo- out, the country remains deeply divided and still faces grave bilisation, reintegration (DDR) efforts and security sector threats. The weakness and imbalance of the security ap- reform (SSR). paratus and the two-tiered justice system, both of which reinforce the convictions of extremists, are the two main Many areas have seen major progress since President challenges the government must overcome in the months Ouattara’s inauguration on 21 May 2011. The Ivorian econ- ahead. Although voting itself was peaceful, an electoral omy has re-started, thanks to better governance and sig- campaign marred by incidents serves as a reminder that nificant international aid. But growth in itself will not political violence is still an everyday reality. -
A Critical Period for Ensuring Stability in Côte D'ivoire
A CRITICAL PERIOD FOR ENSURING STABILITY IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE Africa Report N°176 – 1 August 2011 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS ................................................. i I. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1 II. THE SECURITY CHALLENGE .................................................................................... 3 A. FRAGMENTED FORCES ................................................................................................................. 3 B. MULTIPLE THREATS .................................................................................................................... 5 C. FILL THE SECURITY VACUUM ...................................................................................................... 6 III. RECONCILIATION AND JUSTICE ............................................................................. 8 A. A BLOODY CONFLICT .................................................................................................................. 8 B. AN END TO IMPUNITY ................................................................................................................ 10 IV. CREATE THE CONDITIONS FOR POLITICAL NORMALISATION ................. 12 V. AN ECONOMIC EMERGENCY .................................................................................. 14 VI. CONCLUSION ................................................................................................................ 16 APPENDICES -
Ivory Coast: “The Fight Against Impunity at a Crossroad”
IVORY COAST: “THE FIGHT AGAINST IMPUNITY AT A CROSSROAD” Article 1: All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood. Article 2: Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms set forth in this Declaration, without distinction of any kind, such as race, colour, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status. Furthermore, no distinction shall be made on the basis of the political, jurisdictional or international status of the country or territory to which a person belongs, whether it be independent, trust, non-self-governing or under any other limitation of sovereignty. Article 3: Everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person. Article 4: No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their forms. Article 5: No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, October 2013/617a - © AFP/SIA KAMBOU 2 / Titre du rapport – FIDH Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 I - A political situation still highly polarised ----------------------------------------------------------6 II - The fight against impunity: between political manipulation and genuine efforts ------------9 III - National reconciliation and the Dialogue, Truth and Reconciliation Commission ------- 20 Conclusions ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -
Côte D'ivoire: Continuing the Recovery
Update Briefing Africa Briefing N°83 Dakar/Brussels, 16 December 2011 Côte d’Ivoire: Continuing the Recovery I. OVERVIEW Having endorsed the installation of a democratically elect- ed president by ex-rebel forces, the international commu- nity could have predicted the difficulty of pressing them Despite a marked improvement, the situation in Côte to restore state authority rather than celebrate victory and d’Ivoire remains fragile. The transfer to The Hague of for- continue abuses. Security reform, moreover, falls under the mer President Laurent Gbagbo – indicted by the Interna- purview of their political head, Prime Minister and Defence tional Criminal Court (ICC) – only twelve days before the Minister Guillaume Soro. Côte d’Ivoire’s foreign partners, parliamentary elections of 11 December 2011, has stoked notably France, the U.S. and the European Union (EU), political tensions. After a vote characterised by low turn- should play a crucial role of assisting disarmament, demo- out, the country remains deeply divided and still faces grave bilisation, reintegration (DDR) efforts and security sector threats. The weakness and imbalance of the security ap- reform (SSR). paratus and the two-tiered justice system, both of which reinforce the convictions of extremists, are the two main Many areas have seen major progress since President challenges the government must overcome in the months Ouattara’s inauguration on 21 May 2011. The Ivorian econ- ahead. Although voting itself was peaceful, an electoral omy has re-started, thanks to better governance and sig- campaign marred by incidents serves as a reminder that nificant international aid. But growth in itself will not political violence is still an everyday reality. -
Cote D'ivoire
1 Cote d’Ivoire Media and telecoms landscape guide August 2011 2 Index Page Introduction..................................................................................................... 3 Media overview................................................................................................ 8 Radio overview................................................................................................17 Radio stations..................................................................................................21 TV overview......................................................................................................52 TV stations.......................................................................................................54 Print media.......................................................................................................58 Main newspapers............................................................................................60 Internet news sites.........................................................................................66 Media resources..............................................................................................67 Traditional channels of communication.......................................................76 Telecoms overview.........................................................................................79 Telecoms companies......................................................................................82 Principal sources............................................................................................87 -
Cote D'ivoire Post-Gbagbo
Côte d’Ivoire Post-Gbagbo: Crisis Recovery Nicolas Cook Specialist in African Affairs April 20, 2011 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov RS21989 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress Cote d'Ivoire’s Post-Election Crisis Summary Côte d’Ivoire is emerging from a severe political crisis that followed a disputed November 28, 2010, presidential runoff election between former president Laurent Gbagbo and his, former Prime Minister Alassane Ouattara. Both claimed electoral victory and formed opposing governments. Their rivalry spurred a full-scale civil military conflict in early March 2011, after months of growing political violence. The main conflict died down days after Gbagbo’s arrest by pro-Ouattara forces, aided by United Nations (U.N.) and French peacekeepers, but limited residual fighting was continuing to occur as of April 20. The election was designed to cap an often forestalled peace process defined by the 2007 Ouagadougou Political Agreement, the most recent in a series of partially implemented peace accords aimed at reunifying the country, which was divided between a government-controlled southern region and a rebel-controlled northern zone after a brief civil war in 2002. Ouattara based his victory claim on the U.N.-certified runoff results announced by the Ivoirian Independent Electoral Commission (IEC). These indicated that he had won the election with a 54.1% vote share, against 45.9% for Gbagbo. The international community, including the United States, endorsed the IEC-announced poll results as legitimate and demanded that Gbagbo cede the presidency to Ouattara. Gbagbo, rejecting the IEC decision, appealed it to the Ivoirian Constitutional Council, which reviewed and annulled it and proclaimed Gbagbo president, with 51.5% of votes against 48.6% for Ouattara. -
Côte D'ivoire: 2020 Presidential Election
BRIEFING PAPER Number CBP 9050, 23 November 2020 Côte d’Ivoire: 2020 By Nigel Walker presidential election Contents: 1. Background 2. 2020 Presidential election www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary 2 Côte d’Ivoire: 2020 presidential election Contents Summary 3 1. Background 4 2. 2020 Presidential election 6 2.1 Political parties 6 2.2 Candidates 6 2.3 Election campaign 8 2.4 Election results 10 Cover page image copyright: Map of Côte d'Ivoire by Bourrichon – Wikimedia Commons page. / image cropped. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0) 3 Commons Library Briefing, 23 November 2020 Summary Côte d’Ivoire held a presidential election on Saturday 31 October 2020. Controversially, incumbent President Alassane Dramane Ouattara was permitted to run for a third consecutive term. This prompted several protests in the major cities, despite an increased crackdown on the opposition. President Ouattara was declared the winner by election authorities, securing a landslide 95 per cent of valid votes cast, helped by the opposition candidates encouraging their supporters to boycott the election in a bid to discredit Ouattara’s legitimacy. Violence has continued since the election result was announced. 4 Côte d’Ivoire: 2020 presidential election 1. Background Presidential elections in Côte d’Ivoire take place every five years and those eligible to vote must be aged 18 or older. Presidential candidates must be aged 35 or older, hold only Ivorian nationality and have one Ivorian parent. If one candidate does not receive an overall majority, the top two from the first round go through to a run-off poll. -
Ivory Coast OGN V4.0 2 August 2007
Ivory Coast OGN v4.0 2 August 2007 OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE NOTE IVORY COAST CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1.1 – 1.4 2. Country assessment 2.1 – 2.9 3. Main categories of claims 3.1 – 3.5 Members of the Rassemblement des Republicans (RDR) 3.6 Members of the Forces Nouvelles (FN) 3.7 Non-Ivorians and/or Muslims from the north 3.8 Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) 3.9 Prison conditions 3.10 4. Discretionary Leave 4.1 – 4.2 Minors claiming in their own right 4.3 Medical treatment 4.4 5. Returns 5.1 – 5.4 6. List of source documents 1. Introduction 1.1 This document evaluates the general, political and human rights situation in Ivory Coast and provides guidance on the nature and handling of the most common types of claims received from nationals/residents of that country, including whether claims are or are not likely to justify the granting of asylum, Humanitarian Protection or Discretionary Leave. Caseowners must refer to the relevant Asylum Instructions for further details of the policy on these areas. 1.2 This guidance must also be read in conjunction with any COI Service Ivory Coast Country of Origin Information at: http://www.homeoffice.gov.uk/rds/country_reports.html 1.3 Claims should be considered on an individual basis, but taking full account of the guidance contained in this document. In considering claims where the main applicant has dependent family members who are a part of his/her claim, account must be taken of the situation of all the dependent family members included in the claim in accordance with the Asylum Instructions on Article 8 ECHR. -
Justice in Côte D'ivoire
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE PEACEBRIEF140 United States Institute of Peace • www.usip.org • Tel. 202.457.1700 • Fax. 202.429.6063 February 1, 2013 TOBIAS KOEPF Justice in Côte d’Ivoire E-mail: [email protected] Ouattara’s Dilemma Summary • Recently, the Ivorian President Alassane Ouattara has been criticized for failing to ensure impartial justice for crimes committed during the 2010/2011 post-election crisis. • During the crisis, both forces supportive of ex-president Laurent Gbagbo as well as those forces who brought Ouattara to power were responsible for war crimes, but so far only former Gbagbo loyalists have been tried for the atrocities they carried out. • The international community is right in criticizing Ouattara for his failure to bring his own supporters to court, which constitutes a major stumbling block for the political reconciliation process that remains stalled since Gbagbo’s party, the Front Populaire Ivoirien (FPI), boycotted the December 2011 parliamentary elections. • However, pressure on Ouattara has to be exerted with care because the Ivorian president is facing the difficult challenge of bringing the influential zone commanders (Com’zones) to justice; they were responsible for most of the crimes committed by pro-Ouattara forces during the post-election crisis but continue to hold key positions in the Ivorian security forces. Achieving impartiality in “dealing with atrocities carried out during the post-election Introduction crisis is a balancing act for After Alassane Ouattara was sworn in as Ivorian President in May 2011 following the violent Ouattara. The Ivorian presi- post-election crisis between December 2010 and April 2011, he benefitted from unconditional international support.