Using Newspapers To Measure Power, With An Application to U.S. State Parties, 1877-1977∗ Pamela Bany Harvard University Alexander Fouirnaiesz Nuffield College, Oxford University Andrew B. Hallx Stanford University James M. Snyder, Jr.{ Harvard University and NBER May 18, 2015 [PRELIMINARY DRAFT: NOT FOR CIRCULATION] Abstract Power is difficult to measure. We propose using press coverage|the relative amount of space devoted to different political actors|to measure the relative power of political actors. We use a new dataset containing nearly 70 million historical newspaper pages from 3,023 local U.S. newspapers over the years 1877{1977. First, we validate our measure by studying a variety of cases for which other plausible indications of power exist. In all cases we find strongly positive relationships between our measure and the alternatives. We then apply the idea to measure the power of state and local political party organizations. We find evidence that key institutional reforms|specifically the Australian ballot and primary elections—significantly reduced the power of party organizations. ∗For comments, the authors thank Jordi Blanes i Vidal and Daniel Moskowitz, as well as participants of the Princeton/Warwick Political Economy Conference in Venice, Italy and the American Politics Research Workshop at Harvard University. yCorresponding author. Ph.D. Student.
[email protected]. zPrize Postdoctoral Research Fellow.
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[email protected]. 1 Introduction Political science is, at its core, the study of power. But actually measuring power is difficult. We propose using press coverage|the relative amount of space devoted to different political actors|to measure the relative power of political actors.