DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

DRAFT FOR PUBLIC COMMENT - MAY 2021 An ordinance amending the Los Angeles Municipal Code (LAMC) in order to create a Wildlife Ordinance District that establishes regulations restricting the location, size and height of structures, and grading, landscaping and design requirements within the Wildlife Ordinance District.

THE PEOPLE OF THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES DO ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:

SEC. 13.##. WILDLIFE ORDINANCE. (Added by Ord. No. ###,###, Eff. #/#/##.)

A. Purpose. This section sets forth procedures and standards for the Wildlife Ordinance. The purpose of the Wildlife Ordinance is to maintain and protect existing wildlife and their ecosystems and to provide co-benefits including climate resilience, resource management, and public health, by providing standards and regulations applicable to development in ecologically important areas. This is achieved through a balance between private property development and enhancement of habitat areas vital for wildlife connectivity. Protecting and maintaining areas for wildlife also serves the purposes of addressing safety and hazard mitigation (specifically wildfire, flooding, and erosion) while also addressing water and air quality. The overall intent of the ordinance is to achieve protection of natural resources, wildlife, and open space and thereby advance sustainability and resilience goals for the City.

B. Establishment of District. The provisions of this ordinance shall apply to all properties identified within the Wildlife Ordinance District. The Wildlife Ordinance District shall apply to all zones including publicly and privately zoned land. A Wildlife Ordinance District may encompass an area which is designated, in whole or in part, as a Historic Preservation Overlay Zone (HPOZ), Specific Plan, Supplemental Use District and/or other overlay or zoned district. See Map A: Wildlife Ordinance District Map.

C. Relationship to other Zoning Regulations. Wherever the provisions of the Wildlife Ordinance conflict with any provisions of Supplemental Use Districts, specific plans, overlays or the underlying zone, the Wildlife Ordinance provision shall prevail, unless explicitly specified in this ordinance.

D. Applicability. The provisions of this Section apply to any Project that involves grading, construction, erection of, or addition to or structural alteration of any building or structure which requires the issuance of any demolition permit, building permit, fencing, foundation permit, or grading permit. Projects that only involve interior construction and additions that do not exceed 500 square feet are not subject to the provisions of this Section, except within a Resource Buffer. Within a Resource Buffer, no permit shall be issued for grading, construction, erection of, or addition to or structural alteration of any building or structure.

E. Definitions. Whenever the following terms are used in this Ordinance, they shall be construed as defined in this Section. Words and phrases not defined herein shall be construed as defined in LAMC Section 12.03. (Sources are referenced in italics.)

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Bird-Safe Treatment. Incorporating elements in the building design that preclude collisions without completely obscuring vision, for example the use of decorative facades, recessed windows, shutters, grilles, or exterior shades; using UV Patterned, Opaque, or Translucent Glass; applying patterns on glass (particularly on the external surface) to block glass reflections, acting like a screen; applying external window films or decals; and avoiding plantings in front of glass windows. (Los Angeles County Significant Ecological Areas Guide, 2020)

Channel, open. A stream or river bed; generally refers to the physical form where water commonly flows. (One Water LA, 2017)

Flatwork. Structures 2.5 feet in height or less, measured from finished grade. Includes pools, planters, driveways, tennis courts, pavement, sidewalks, multi-use paths, uncovered patios, low decks, and stairs and ramps that are 2.5 feet in height or less (Proposed ReCode Article 14, 2020)

Fire-Resistance. That property of materials or their assemblies that prevents or retards the passage of excessive heat, hot gases or flames under conditions of use. (LA Fire Code Section 4905)

Fire-Resistant Hardscape. Non-living materials that are incorporated into a landscape including stones, walls or other impermeable and permeable features. This can include paved areas, driveways, retaining walls, sleeper walls, stairs, walkways, and any other landscaping made up of hard wearing materials such as wood, stone, and concrete, as opposed to softscape, the horticultural elements of a landscape. May include Flatwork that is Fire-Resistant. (Los Angeles Fire Code Section 4905)

Hedge. All shrubs planted closer than 1/2 of their height at maturity from another shrub or Tree. All trees planted closer than 1/2 of their canopy diameter at maturity from another tree. (Pr oposed Recode Art. 04, 2020)

Impermeable Coverage, Hillside. The percentage of lot area that is covered by Impermeable Features in hillside areas, including accessory structures larger than 250 square feet, driveways, pools, tennis courts and other paving and flatwork unless it is specifically designed to be Permeable.

Impermeable Features. A material that is not considered Permeable, per LAMC 12.40, and which does not permit water penetration to a soil depth of 18 inches or more. This may include any structure, surface, improvement, flatwork or other footprint that reduces and/or prevents absorption of water into the underlying soils and creates runoff. Examples of Impermeable Features include asphalt, concrete (except permeable concrete), roof tops, clay, and compacted soils. (One Water LA, 2017)

Invasive Plants. Species that are non-native to the Ecosystem under consideration; whose introduction causes or is likely to cause economic or environmental harm or harm to human health (Presidential Executive Order 13112, 1999). Plants that are not native to an environment, and once introduced, they establish, quickly reproduce and spread, and cause

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 2 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 harm to the environment, economy, or human health. (California Invasive Plant Council, 2020)

Landscape Practitioner . Any person licensed by the State of California to design, install or maintain landscape or irrigation systems. Any person specifically exempted by the State from the licensing requirements in the field of landscape or land management. Any owner who designs, installs or maintains landscaping or irrigation systems on his or her own property (City of Los Angeles Landscape Ordinance, 1996)

Native Trees. Any single trunk Native Plant, including those identified as Protected Trees, which measures four inches or more in diameter, 4 feet 6 inches above the ground level at the base of the plant; or any multiple trunk Native Plant which measures twelve inches or more in diameter immediately below the lowest branch; or any Native Plant planted pursuant to a permit to relocate or remove trees. (Mount Washington / Glassell Park Specific Plan)

Open Space. Any parcel or area of land or water that is zoned or designated for Open Space, essentially unimproved and devoted to an open-space use, including: (1) preservation of natural resources, e.g., preservation of flora and fauna, animal habitats, bird flyways, ecologic and other scientific study areas, watershed; (2) managed production of resources, e.g., recharge of ground water basins or containing mineral deposits that are in short supply; (3) outdoor recreation, e.g., beaches, waterways, utility easements, trails, scenic highway corridors; and/or (4) public health and safety, e.g., flood, seismic, geologic or fire hazard zones, air quality enhancement. (Los Angeles General Plan Conservation Element, 2001)

Permeable, Features. Structural, landscape, or other design elements which are permeable per LAMC 12.40, for example, but not limited to, wooden decks, permeable driveway pavers, grass-crete, landscape planting areas, gravel, mulch, and other such surfaces.

Planting Area. The area on a lot designated and designed for plants and includes zones A, B and C. See Rules of Measurement Section H.

Project. The construction of any building or structure, or the addition to, alteration, conversion, or change of use of any land, building or structure on a lot located in whole or in part within the Wildlife Ordinance area; or any construction, alteration, conversion, or change of use of any building, structure or land in the right-of-way. Grading, and/or vegetation removal of Protected or Significant Trees constitutes a Project. For purposes of this Ordinance, the term Project shall not include interior remodeling.

Protected Tree or Shrub. Any of the following Southern California indigenous tree species, which measure four inches or more in cumulative diameter, four and one-half feet above the ground level at the base of the tree, or any of the following Southern California indigenous shrub species which contains at least one stem that measures four inches or more in diameter, four and one-half feet above the ground level at the base of the shrub:

Protected Trees: (a) Oak tree including Valley Oak (Quercus lobata) and California Live Oak

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( Quercus agrifolia), or any other tree of the oak genus indigenous to Southern California but excluding the Scrub Oak (Quer cus berberidifolia). (b) Southern California Black Walnut (Juglans california) (c) Western Sycamore (Platanus racemosa) (d) California Bay (Umbellularia californica)

Protected Shrubs: (a) Mexican Elderberry (Sambucus mexicana) (b) Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) (See Protected Tree Ordinance LAMC Art 6 46.00)

Total Floor Area, Hillside. The area in square feet confined within the exterior walls of a building on any hillside lot located in any zone in the Wildlife Ordinance District, including the area of stairways, shafts, covered automobile parking areas and basement storage areas, and excluding uncovered outdoor decks. Any floor or portion of a floor with a ceiling height greater than 14 feet shall count as twice the square footage of that area. The area of stairways and elevator shafts shall only be counted once regardless of ceiling height. Area of an attic or portion of an attic with a ceiling height of more than 7 feet shall be included in the Residential Floor Area calculation. (Glassell Park/Mount Washington, BHO)

Resource. Ridgelines, open space, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, marshes, seeps, springs, streams, creeks, rivers, Riparian Areas, open flood channels, storm drains, and public easements. These may be mapped or unmapped and shall be identified by the project or project reviewer when they exist on site. Resources include many geologic features, atmospheric features, water features, vegetation, animal species, wildlife corridors, and ecosystem services which contribute to the overall quality of the natural and built environment. Resour ces are identified in Map B: Draft Resource Areas.

Resource Buffer. Area extending outward from an identified resource where development is generally prohibited. See Rules of Measurement Section H.1 of this Ordinance.

Ridgelines. The natural crests of the mountains that bisect and surround the City. ( Proposed Ridgeline Ordinance)

Riparian Area. Land that borders a stream or river. (One Water LA, 2017)

Riparian Vegetation. Plants contiguous to and affected by surface and subsurface hydrologic features of perennial or intermittent water bodies (rivers, streams, lakes, or drainage ways). Riparian Areas have one or both of the following characteristics: 1) distinctly different vegetative species than adjacent areas, and/or 2) species similar to adjacent areas but exhibiting more vigorous or robust growth forms. Riparian Areas are usually transitional between wetland and upland. (LACo SEA Guide, 2020)

Significant Tree. Any tree which measures 12 inches or more in diameter at four and one-half feet above the average natural grade at the base of the tree and/or is more than 35 feet in height. (Mount Washington / Glassell Park Specific Plan, 1993)

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Stream, Hillside . Any perennial or intermittent watercourse or river identified on United States Geological Survey Maps. (LAMC Sec. 12.40). Any mapped or unmapped watercourse having a surface or subsurface flow that supports or has supported riparian vegetation.

Water Resources. Sources of permanent or intermittent surface water, including, but not limited to, lakes, reservoirs, ponds, rivers, streams, marshes, seeps springs, vernal pools, and playas. (LA County Significant Ecological Areas Ordinance)

Wetland. An area periodically inundated by surface water or groundwater. Wetlands support plant and animal life, filter pollutants in stream courses, provide flood control and erosion prevention, and may provide recreational opportunities. (One Water LA, 2017)

Wildlife-Friendly Fencing. Fencing which supports habitat connectivity and wildlife movement through appropriate location, extent, and design. See Section F.2C of this Ordinance for dimensional standards. Non-combustible materials are encouraged but not required. Prohibited materials include spikes, glass, chain link, barbed wire, razor wire, and concertina wire. All hollow fence posts or fences with top holes, such as metal pipes, shall be capped to prevent trapping or injuring wildlife. Chain link, barbed wire, and concertina wire fences are prohibited.

F. Development Regulations

1. Setbacks & Hillside Impermeable Coverage

(a) Intent

(1) To retain unobstructed spaces for vegetation and wildlife for habitat preservation.

(2) To minimize land and native vegetation disturbance.

(3) To provide connections for wildlife by maintaining unobstructed space between properties and minimizing obstacles to natural open spaces.

(4) To retain adequate space between structures to address fire safety.

(5) To reduce the amount of Impermeable surface areas on site, in order to control drainage and increase water percolation in the hillsides.

(6) To reduce the potential for down-slope flooding, Sediment deposits and pollution in waterways.

(7) To provide a degree of design flexibility for a wide variety of lot sizes, shapes and topographies in hillside areas.

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(b) Minimum Front or Rear Yards. The minimum Front or Rear Yard Setback for any Zone shall be no less than 10 feet on either side. Where there are Prevailing Setbacks as outlined in Section 12.21 C.10(a)(1) and 12.21.A.7, the minimum front yard required by this Ordinance per Subsection F.1(b) shall apply.

(c) Minimum Side Yards. The minimum Side Yard Setback for any Zone shall be no less than 5 feet.

(d) Cumulative Front Yard and Rear Yard Setback Option. For all structures, including accessory structures, the minimum Front and Rear Yards setback requirements set forth in the LAMC 12.21 C.10.(a) can be calculated cumulatively, as set forth in Example 1.1 but in no event shall a single Front or Rear Yard setback be less than the Minimum Front Yard or Minimum Rear Yard requirements. Notwithstanding Section 12.21 C.10(a)(1) and 12.21.A.7(a) Prevailing Yards requirements do not apply. When the front lot line is not straight, a straight line connecting the points where the side lot lines and the front lot line intersect shall be used. When through-lots have two front yards, the setback shall be provided along both front lot lines.

(e) Cumulative Side Yards Setbacks Option. For all structures, including buildings, and accessory structures, the minimum Side Yard setback requirements set forth in the LAMC 12.21 C.10.(a) may be calculated cumulatively but in no event shall a single Side Yard setback be less than the Minimum Side Yard requirement. Notwithstanding 12.21 C.10.3(iii), bonus Residential Floor Area incentive is not available.

Example 1.1: Cumulative Yards w/ Existing Setback Requirements from BHO

Lot Dimension Lot Area Zone

100' x 100' 10,000 sq ft RE9 Cumulative Cumulative Cumulative Required Yards per BHO Example A Example B Example C Minimum

Front Yard 20’ (100 x 20%) 10' 35' 22.5' 10'

Rear Yard 25’ (100 x 25%) 35 10' 22.5' 10'

Total Required 45’ (20’+25’) 45' 45' 45' CumulativeEx Cumulative Cumulative Required Yards per BHO ample A Example B Example C Minimum Side Yard A 7' 5' 9' 7' 5'

Side Yard B 7' 9' 5' 7' 5'

Total Required 14' 14' 14' 14' 10'

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(f) Maximum Hillside Impermeable Coverage. For any zone, the Maximum Hillside Impermeable Coverage shall not exceed the calculation and corresponding formula set forth in T able 1.2.

Table 1.2 M aximum Hillside Impermeable Coverage Maximum Hillside Impermeable Coverage = (Lot Size)(Percentage)

LOT SIZE (Sq ft) PERCENTAGE

0 - 5,000 0.479 - {[(Lot Area - 0) X 0.029] / 5,000} >5000 - 10,000 0.450 - {[(Lot Area - 5,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >10,000 - 15,000 0.421 - {[(Lot Area - 10,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >15,000 - 20,000 0.392 - {[(Lot Area - 15,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >20,000 - 25,000 0.363 - {[(Lot Area - 20,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >25,000 - 30,000 0.334 - {[(Lot Area - 25,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >30,000 - 35,000 0.305 - {[(Lot Area - 30,000) X 0.029] / 5,000} >35,000 0.276 - {[(Lot Area - 35,000) X 0.029] / 5,000}

(g) Permeable Features Exemption. Permeable Features are exempt from the Maximum Hillside Impermeable Coverage. See Section E of this Ordinance .

2. Fences, Walls and Hedges

(a) Intent

(1) To retain unobstructed spaces between properties to preserve wildlife connectivity, native vegetation, habitat areas, biodiversity and year-round sources of food and shelter for wildlife by limiting disturbance to soils, vegetation and habitat areas.

(2) To support the movement of native animal and plant species necessary for healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity across the built and natural environment by maintaining connectivity through appropriate fencing location, extent, and design.

(3) To preserve contiguous habitat areas and minimize fragmentation of habitats by limiting the extent of Impermeable fencing on or near property lines.

(4) To minimize dangerous conditions by regulating fencing materials that could be hazardous to wildlife, e.g. spikes, glass, razors, nets, uncapped tops and material that could pose fire hazards, such as highly combustible material.

(5) To retain adequate space between structures to address fire safety.

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(b) Fencing Location

(1) Perimeter Fence, Wall or Privacy Screen. Any fencing, wall, or privacy screen located along the property perimeter to delineate property boundaries or projecting into required setback areas, as required per Section 1 of this Ordinance, must be Wildlife-Friendly.

(2) Interior Setback Fencing. Any fencing that does not comply with Wildlife-Friendly Fencing standards, such as solid fences, walls, or screens shall be located entirely outside of required setback and Resource Buffer areas, per Section 4 of this Ordinance, and thereby only permitted along the interior of the Setback area or entirely outside of the Setback area in order to protect structures and residences from wildlife incursions, provide security, or contain livestock and companion animals outside of undisturbed natural areas.

(3) Public Facility Zone, Open Space Zones, Utility and Open Space Easements. Any fencing, wall, or privacy screen located on Public Facility and Open Space zones, utility and Open Space easements must be Wildlife-Friendly. Security fencing may be approved through Alternative Compliance per Section J of this Ordinance .

(4) Vacant Lots. Any fencing, wall, or privacy screen located on vacant lots must be Wildlife-Friendly.

(c) Fence Height & Opacity. Wildlife-Friendly Fencing is limited in height, must maintain minimum clearance above the ground and have an overall opacity not greater than 50%. See Table 2.1 for dimensional requirements and Section H.2 for opacity Rules of Measurement.

Table 2.1 Dimensional Standards Wildlife-Friendly Fencing Other Fencing Front Setback Side/Rear Setbacks Outside of the Setback Area

Fence/Wall/Screen

Max Height 3.5' 6' 6'

Max Opacity below 3.5’ in height 0% 50% 0%

Max Opacity above 3.5' in height n/a 50% 0%

Hedge

Max Height 8' 10' 10'

(d) Fence Material. All fencing shall be constructed with materials that are not harmful to wildlife and shall conform to the following.

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(1) Encouraged Materials. Non-combustible materials are encouraged.

(2) Prohibited Materials. Prohibited materials include spikes, glass, or razor wire. All hollow fence posts or fences with top holes, such as metal pipes, shall be capped to prevent the entrapment or laceration of wildlife. Chain link, barbed wire, and concertina wire fences are prohibited.

(3) Hedges. Hedges shall maintain openings or spacing at ground level with a minimum of 1 foot-wide and 1 foot in height between bottom of Hedge and ground level. All Hedges shall also conform to the Vegetation Section of this Ordinance. Species must be selected from the Preferred Plant List in Appendix B and be kept trimmed and maintained pursuant to the Landscaping Irrigation requirements of LAMC 12.41.B1 .

3. Slope, Floor Area & Grading

(a) Intent

(1) To minimize the removal and disturbance of biological Resources, landscape features, and undeveloped areas.

(2) To minimize terrain modification, land disturbance, and alteration of topographic and geological Features.

(3) To reduce erosion and preserve the natural topography and native biota by maintaining mature hillside vegetation and trees.

(4) To minimize fire hazard by limiting alteration and development on steep slopes, particularly south facing slopes.

(5) To reduce the potential for overall loss of soil and support functional wildlife movement and connectivity by minimizing disturbance or grading of hillsides.

(6) To improve natural water percolation and minimize water flows due to impermeable surfaces by limiting development footprint and reducing impermeable surface areas in hillsides.

(7) To reduce potential for surface erosion, soil instability or landslides by limiting disturbance on steep slopes.

(8) To preserve the natural setting and scenic characteristics of the Santa Monica Mountains.

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(b) Slopes in Excess of 100%. No grading or structure shall be developed on natural slopes in excess of 100% and greater as identified on the Slope Analysis Map per 12.21.C.10(b)(1) , including projects utilizing Guaranteed Minimums per Table 12.21 C.10-3 of the Baseline Hillside Ordinance (BHO).

(c) Slopes in Excess of 60% Residential Floor Area Allocation. Notwithstanding Section 12.21.C.10(b) Table 12.21 C.10-2a, Residential Floor Area (RFA) contained in all Buildings and Accessory Buildings shall not be allocated for slopebands greater than 60%.

(d) Grading Exemptions Do Not Apply. Grading quantities subject to 12.21.C.10(f) Exemptions ii and iv below do not apply in the Wildlife Ordinance District:

500 cby for Driveways Exemption (ii) Cut and/or Fill, up to 500 cubic yards, for driveways to the required parking or fire department turnaround closest to the accessible Street for which a Lot has ingress/egress rights.

Cut Underneath Footprint Exemption (iv) Fill resulting from Cut underneath the footprint of the main Building, not to exceed 50 percent of said Cut.

(e) Remedial Grading on 60% or Greater Slopes. Notwithstanding 12.21.C.10(f), all remedial grading as defined in LAMC Section 12.03 , on or of slopes greater than or equal to 60% shall be counted toward the Maximum By-Right Grading Quantity.

(f) Remedial Grading over 1000 c.y. Notwithstanding 12.21.C.10(f), all remedial grading, as defined in Section 12.03 of the LAMC , greater than 1000 c.y. shall be subject to the provisions of LAMC 12.24.X.28. Remedial grading that would result in substantial landform alteration shall not be permitted where project alternatives, including but not limited to, deepened foundations, caissons, soldier piles could be utilized to provide equivalent geologic stability.

(g) Site Plan Review: Procedures for developments larger than 10,000 square feet. The construction, erection, addition to, enlargement of or reconfiguration of any structure that has a cumulative Total Floor Area of 10,000 square feet or larger shall require a Site Plan Review, pursuant to LAMC Section 16.05, before the issuance of related permits and entitlements.

4. Resour ce Buffers

(a) Intent

(1) To preserve wildlife connectivity, native vegetation, habitat areas, and year-round sources of food and shelter for wildlife by limiting disturbance to soils, waterways, vegetation and habitat areas.

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(2) To limit the harmful effects of development on adjacent undeveloped areas due to the introduction of structures which can displace habitat and constitute barriers to wildlife movement.

(3) To limit the displacement of native plant and animal species by managing the impacts of landscaping on adjacent undeveloped areas.

(4) To support native ecology and biodiversity by limiting the removal of vegetation, soils, or other natural materials from wildlife areas.

(5) To limit the impact of Projects that may change the hydraulic characteristics of a watercourse through erosion, siltation, sedimentation or debris accumulation or other alterations.

(6) To protect and enhance the water quality of the city’s watersheds by limiting impacts of development which can discharge pollutants into watercourses.

(7) To support adequate watercourse drainage by limiting impermeable surface areas which could prevent water percolation.

(8) To improve wildlife mobility and connectivity opportunities along natural unobstructed features such as Water Resources, Ridgelines, and Open Spaces.

(9) To maintain undisturbed Open Space land for habitats and preserve natural characteristics of ecosystems, particularly hillsides and Riparian Areas.

(10) To retain Open Space land for recreational and educational opportunities.

(11) To maintain adequate buffers between structures and Open Space, undeveloped areas and Resource areas to protect wildlife.

(b) Resource Buffer Requirement. No structure shall be constructed and no earth shall be disturbed within the required Resource Buffer set forth in Table 4.1 . If the required buffer overlaps with another required setback, the more restrictive standard shall apply. Resources are mapped in Map B: Draft Resource Areas.

Table 4.1 Resource Buffer Requirement

Resource Size Required Buffer

Lakes, reservoirs, ponds any size 50’ Rivers, streams, creeks, riparian any size 50’

Wetlands any size 50’

Open channel, catch basin, (public) easements any size 15’ Ridgelines any size 50’

Open Space any size 50’

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5. V egetation & Landscaping

(a) Intent

(1) To retain significant trees, native trees and native vegetation to support habitat preservation, biodiversity, wildlife connectivity, stormwater infiltration, landscape succession, and carbon sequestration.

(2) To retain significant trees, native trees and native vegetation to promote climate adaptation, provide shade and cool temperatures on extreme heat days and to reduce urban heat island effect, air pollution, noise pollution, and electricity consumption.

(3) To preserve native and rare species that are difficult to replace, such as black walnut, in order to retain biodiversity and ecological health.

(4) To improve watershed health and slope stability by limiting land disturbance and maintaining vegetation.

(5) To improve public health by fostering mental health benefits of trees, vegetation, and other natural spaces.

(6) To minimize fire hazard by prohibiting planting of invasive and fire hazardous vegetation.

(b) Native Tree Requirement. For a Project consisting of new construction, addition or land disturbance, one tree must be planted on site for every 1,000 square feet of new floor area, with a minimum of one (1) Native tree required. Preserving onsite Native Tree(s) qualifies for this requirement. See eligible species listed in the Preferred Plant List from Appendix B.

(c) Significant and Protected Tree Relocation or Removal. No Significant or Protected Tree may be relocated or removed unless they are replaced at the required ratio shown in Table 5.1. Removal shall include any act which will cause a Significant or Protected Tree to die, including but not limited to, acts which inflict damage upon the root system or other part of the tree by fire, application of toxic substances, operation of equipment or machinery, or by changing the natural grade of land by excavation or filling dripline area around the trunk, or by changing the local drainage pattern, either inside or outside the dripline, such that it significantly affects the amount of water that reaches the tree roots. (This section expands Protected Tree Ordinance relocation/removal requirements to Significant trees.)

(d) Replacement of Significant Trees. If there is a loss of any Significant Tree, the tree shall be replaced by new Native Trees at a ratio of 2:1. See Table 5.1 for replacement ratio requirement and Prefered Plant List in Appendix B.

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Table 5.1 Replacement Ratio/ Tree Requirement

Replacement Ratio Eligible Trees for Replacement

Protected Trees 4:1 Any Protected Trees Species: Oak, Sycamore, Black Walnut, Bay Laurel, Mexican Elderberry, Toyon

Significant Trees 2:1 See eligible tree species in Preferred Plant List.

Native Tree 1:1,000 square feet of floor area See eligible tree species in Preferred Plant List. (New Construction Planting Requirement, not replacement)

(e) No Dripline Interference. No grading or other construction activity shall occur within the Driplines of a Significant Tree or Protected Tree. If digging of trenches within the dripline is absolutely necessary for the installation of utilities, hand tools or small hand held power equipment shall be used to avoid cutting roots.

(f) Dead and/or Fallen Trees. Any certified dead or fallen tree which is of a Protected Tree species shall be replaced per the Significant Tree replacement ratios. Dead or fallen tree material should be retained on site as mulch, compost, soil amendment or as otherwise recommended by a tree specialist. Dead or fallen trees should be left in place where they are outside the Los Angeles Fire Department brush clearance zone when possible.

(1) Emergency Removal of Dead Trees. An exemption for emergency removal may be obtained if a visual inspection by the Fire Department determines removal is necessary due to a hazardous or dangerous condition (e.g. disease, potential for spreading pest and pathogen infestation to other trees, blocking public roadways, etc.). Any emergency removal of infested, dead, or fallen trees which have been shown to have a disease or infestation should follow proper Best Management Practices for tree removal and disposal.

(g) Minimum Undisturbed or Plant Coverage. The Minimum Undisturbed or Plant Coverage shall not be less than that set forth in Table 5.2 and Rules of Measurement.

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(1) Undisturbed areas, existing vegetation, and any newly landscaped or planted areas shall count toward the Minimum Undisturbed or Plant Coverage.

Table 5.2 Minimum Undisturbed or Plant Coverage

Lot Size Percent of Minimum Undisturbed or Plant Coverage Requirement

0 - 5000 0.475 - {[(Lot Area - 0) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>5000 - 10000 0.500 - {[(Lot Area - 5,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>10000 - 15000 0.525 - {[(Lot Area - 10,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>15000 - 20000 0.550 - {[(Lot Area - 15,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>20000 - 25000 0.575 - {[(Lot Area - 20,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>25000 - 30000 0.600 - {[(Lot Area - 25,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>30000 - 35000 0.625 - {[(Lot Area - 30,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

>35000 0.650 - {[(Lot Area - 35,000) X 0.025] / 5,000}

(h) Prohibited Plants. No plant species identified on the Prohibited Plant List from Appendix C shall be planted in the Wildlife Ordinance District.

(i) Wildlife-Friendly and Firewise Landscaping Requirements. Any newly planted or landscaped area shall comply with the following Planting Zones in order to increase habitat value and resist the spread of fire. See Section H.4 Rules of Measurement for Planting Zone measurements of this Ordinance.

(1) Planting Zone A. Any newly landscaped or planted area shall consist of a minimum of 50% native species, chosen from among the species listed in the Preferred Plant List from Appendix B.

(2) Planting Zone B & C. Any newly landscaped or planted area within Planting Zone B & C shall consist of a minimum of 75% native species, chosen from among the species listed in the Preferred Plant List from Appendix B. Zone C should blend with the existing surrounding natural vegetation and be managed in accordance with LAFD standards to facilitate firefighting. See Section H.4 Rules of Measurement for Planting Zone measurements of this Ordinance.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 14 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

(3) Fire-resistant features. Fire-Resistant hardscape features such as stone walls, patios, decks and roadways may be utilized and designed as burn breaks to create fire-resistant zones. Fire-Resistant hardscape features are defined per Los Angeles Fire Code Section 4905 .

6. Lighting, Windows & Trash Enclosures

(a) Intent

(1) Reduce interruption or confusion of animal behaviors and activities including movement, foraging, hunting, and mating caused by lighting.

(2) Improve avian safety conditions by reducing avian injuries and death caused by reflective and transparent windows.

(3) Minimize occurrences of human wildlife interaction by removing attractive nuisances in unenclosed trash areas.

(b) Prohibited Outdoor Lighting . Notwithstanding Chapter 9, Article 3, Sec. 93.0117, no installation of drop-down lenses, sodium and mercury vapor lights, ultraviolet lights, searchlights, laser light, and other outdoor lighting that flashes, blinks, alternates or moves shall be allowed.

(1) Light Intrusion. All lights used to illuminate outdoor areas including around or adjacent to swimming pools shall be designed, located and arranged or shielded so as to reflect the light away from any right-of-way and from Open Space zones, Resource Buffers or undeveloped areas.

(2) Maximum Lumens. All outdoor lighting shall have a maximum output of 850 lumens per luminaire, except: ▪ Security lighting: 2600 lumens ▪ Outdoor recreational lighting: 2600 lumens ▪ Walkway/driveway: 100 lumens

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 15 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

(c) Maximum Height of Lighting Fixtures. Luminaires affixed to a structure, including building fences, walls, or poles, for the purpose of providing outdoor lighting shall have a maximum height of 20 ft or no higher than height of fence except for freestanding light fixtures used to light walkways, driveways, and hardscapes shall not exceed 2 ft above ground level.

(d) Windows, Bird-Safe Facade Requirement. Bird-Safe Treatment shall be required on any windows, free-standing glass walls and facades, skywalks, greenhouses, or balconies with segments of reflective or transparent building elements which are not visually distinguishable or physically separate from one another by seams, joints, frames, or other opaque material. Any segment of glass exceeding 24 square feet in size shall incorporate Bird-Safe Treatment. This shall apply to any collection of glass doors, glass walls and the like that form a wall or expanse greater than 24 square feet. Bird-Safe Treatments include the following options:

(1) Fritted glass windows: closely spaced opaque dots (frits) fused on the outer surface of glass or other reflective or transparent materials making them highly visible to birds.

(2) Angled glass: position windows downward (recommended minimum 20 degrees) to limit reflection of sky and trees on the glass.

(3) UV-reflective glass: UV-reflective glass, such as Ornilux which is visible to birds and transparent to humans.

(4) Frosted, stenciled etched or sandblasted windows: any pattern frosted, stenciled, etched or sandblasted onto the glass with recommended dimensions including vertical elements of the window patterns at least 1/8 inch wide at a maximum spacing of 4 inches, and horizontal elements at least 1/8 inch wide at a maximum spacing of 2 inches.

(5) Architectural Features: Overhangs, louvers, awnings, screens, nets or other elements that layer, recess, or otherwise structurally break up large expanses of reflective or transparent surfaces.

(e) Trash/Waste Enclosures. All trash and recycling receptacles shall be stored inside a building or within an enclosed structure. The proposed location shall be identified on the site plan.

(1) Design. Design exterior trash enclosures to:

(i) be contained within a wall height that exceeds the disposal unit by at least 18 inches; (ii) have a solid roof to deter birds and animals and block views from adjacent properties;

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 16 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

(iii) have solid doors that accommodate a lock and remain closed when not in use; (iv) not be constructed of chain link, or wood (or other flammable materials); and, (v) be designed to complement the primary building in color, material and architectural style.

G. Encroachments

1. Structures, Equipment & Architectural Features. The following structures, equipment, and architectural features are allowed to encroach a maximum amount per Table 6.1.

Table 6.1 Maximum Allowable Encroachment Front Rear Resource Feature Yard Side Yard Yard Buffer

Architectural Details 2' 2' 2' 2'

Roof Projections 2.5' 2.5' 2.5' 2.5'

Unenclosed Structures (ground story 0' 0' 0' 0'

Unenclosed Structures (above ground story) 5' 3' 3' 3'

Enclosed, Projecting Structures 2.5' 1.5' 2.5' 2.5'

Mechanical Equipment (ground mounted) 1.5' 2.5' 2.5' 2.5'

Mechanical Equipment (wall mounted) 1.5' 1.5' 1.5' 1.5'

Waste/ Trash Enclosures 0' 1.5’ 2.5’ 2.5

Utility Equipment 0 1.5’ 2.5’ 2.5’

Underground Structures (basements, underground tanks) 0' 0' 0' 0'

Flatwork 0' 1.5’ 2.5’ 2.5’

2. Driveways. Grading and construction of driveways, is permitted to encroach into setbacks up to the lot line to provide essential access for vehicles and/or utilities when no other alternative access exists, so long as the total Hillside Impermeable Coverage area does not exceed Maximum Impermeable Coverage. See Sections 1F and Section 3 of this Ordinance. Driveway must conform with the following requirements:

(a) Maximum width: 20 feet (b) Provide direct connection to parking (c) Driveway must utilize the least impactful design. See examples in Appx. A

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 17 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

3. Native Landscaping. Landscaping projects that consist of 100 percent native, non-invasive species shall be permitted within 50 feet of a Resource, so long as the project does not exceed more than 50 cubic yards of earth import/export or more than 100 square feet of surface grading.

H. Rules of Measurement. The standards outlined in Subsection F are subject to following provisions.

1. Resource Buffers Measurements: All Resource Buffers should be measured horizontally, in plan view, since they are intended to serve as spatial buffers. All wetland delineations should follow the methodology described in the US Fish and Wildlife Service Classification of Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats of the United States (Cowardin, 1979). The Mapping Episodic Stream Activity (MESA) protocol (Vyverberg and Brady, 2013) developed by CDFW and the California Energy Commission should be employed to accurately document episodic streams when water is absent. Refer to Table 7.2

Table 7.2 Measurement of Resource Buffers

Resource Measured from

Lakes, reservoirs, ponds High water mark.

Rivers, streams, creeks, riparian Outside edge of riparian vegetation on either side of the channel. If vegetation is absent or sparse, use the bank of the wet season active channel inclusive of any braided channel conditions.

Wetlands Edge of saturated soil

Open channel, storm drain, Outside edge of riparian vegetation, edge of the channel, easements or perimeter of storm drain structure.

Ridgelines The Ridgeline Buffer shall be measured from the lowest elevation of each 50 foot segment, or portion thereof, of ridgeline on or adjacent to the subject property.

Open Space Between the proposed structure and the nearest property boundary of any Open Space property.

2. Wildlife Fence Opacity (%): Opacity is measured as a percentage, calculated by dividing the solid portion of the object area by the total area of the object. The total area of the object is measured as the smallest regular shape containing all elements of the object or assembly.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 18 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

3 . Planting Zones. Planting Zones are areas designated A, B, and C and measured in square feet which surround buildings and structures at their finished grade; these zones are modeled upon LA County Brush Clearance Zones.

(a) Zone A extends thirty (30’) feet in a straight horizontal line perpendicular to the edge of any structure larger than 200 square feet.

(b) Zone B extends from thirty (30’) feet to one hundred (100’) feet in a straight horizontal line perpendicular to the edge of any structure larger than 200 square feet

(c) Zone C extends from one hundred (100’) feet to two hundred (200’) feet in a straight horizontal line perpendicular to the edge of any structure larger than 200 square feet.

I. Issuance of Building Permits. For any Project within the Wildlife Ordinance District the Department of Building and Safety shall not issue any permits, including, but not limited to, grading, shoring or building unless an Administrative Clearance, Administrative Review or other Relief has been obtained pursuant to the applicable procedures in Section J.

J. Relief. A deviation from any Setback, Impermeable Hillside Coverage, Landscaping and Vegetation and/or Grading standards may be allowed as a Zoning Administrator’s approval under LAMC 12.24.X.28. A deviation from any Resource Buffer, Slope, and/or Floor Area standards may be allowed as a variance in accordance with LAMC 12.27.

1. Alternative Compliance. In the event that requirements for fencing, lighting, windows, and/or trash enclosure cannot be met, as Relief, the applicant may, upon approval by the Director of Planning, provide alternative fencing, lighting, windows, trash enclosure designs that meet or exceed the intent and guidelines of the Wildlife-Fencing, Lighting, Windows, or Trash Enclosure Standards. See Intent Statements Section 2. Fences, Walls, and Hedges, and Section 7. Lighting, Windows, Trash Enclosure and Appendix A.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 19 Map A:DRAFT Wildlife Ordinance District Boundary Map 05-04-2021

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SO I EN B A SOURCES: US FISH & WILDLIFE, NATIONAL WETLANDS INVENTORY (NWI), US GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, NATIONAL HYDROLOGY DATA (NHD), FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY (FEMA),

FA LOS ANGELES COUNTY ASSESSOR, GIS, NATIONAL PARKS SERVICES (NPS), SANTA MONICA MOUNTAINS CONSERVANCY (SMMC).

BLVD WILSHIRE BLVD A ERT

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0 0.5 1 LVD

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Miles AB SAN DISCLAIMER:

E R THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES IS NEITHER RESPONSIBLE NOR LIABLE FOR ANY INACCURACIES, ERRORS, OR OMISSIONS WITH RESPECT TO THE MATERIAL CONTAINED ON THIS MAP.

G THIS MAP AND ALL MATERIALS CONTAINED ON IT ARE DISTRIBUTED AND TRANSMITTED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING SL

DR VICENTE WITHOUT LIMITATIONS, WARRANTIES OF TITLE OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. BLVD

EV THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES THAT MAY ARISE FROM THE USE OF, OR THE INABILITY TO USE, BLVD THE MAP AND/OR THE MATERIALS CONTAINED ON THE MAP WHETHER THE MATERIALS CONTAINED ON THE MAP ARE PROVIDED BY THE CITY OF LOS ANGELES, OR A THIRD PARTY.

B IENE

S

C S ROBERTSON S Map B: Draft Resource Areas 05-04-2021

H O L L 101 Y W N O O D W ALAMEDA AV W

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C S S ROBERTSON DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21

APPENDIX A: Wildlife-Friendly Design Guidelines

1. Examples of Wildlife-Friendly Fencing Design. Wildlife-Friendly fencing includes but is not limited to post and rail, stanchion and cable, or picket design . See example for Wildlife-Friendly designs below.

Split-rail or Flat-board ● The top edge of the topmost rail or board should be no higher than 48 inches from the ground. ● Fences should be split-rail or flat-board with no more than three horizontal rails or boards. ● The bottom edge of the bottom horizontal rail or board should be no lower than 18 inches from the ground. ● There should be a minimum two-foot gap between each rail or board. ● Fence material should be made of an alternative material that gives the appearance of wood, such as wood composite or recycled material or some other similar material that gives the appearance of wood. ● Fence posts should not be hollow at the top or have holes drilled into them near the top.

Wrought Iron, Picket ● Min 6” spacing or opening between bars, pickets or slats ● No spikes or uncapped tops

2. Examples of Wildlife-Friendly Driveway Design Guidelines ● Driveway should be designed to not impede wildlife passage ● Driveway should be designed to have the least amount of impact on native vegetation ● Driveway should be raised for downslope lots ● Driveway for upslope lots should be designed to follow the natural topography ● New development should be located as close to existing roads as feasible given required setbacks to minimize the length of driveway except where a longer driveway would allow for an alternative building site location that would be more protective of Resources. ● New development should include no more than one driveway or access road to clustered structures. ● The turnaround required to provide adequate access for emergency service vehicles should be of a design that minimizes grading and landform alteration, such as a “hammerhead.” ● Private driveways to multiple Project sites should be shared where feasible.

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 1 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Appendix B: DRAFT Preferred Plant List

Planting of the following species is beneficial to native plant communities and/or wildlife and is, therefore, recommended within the City of Los Angeles where the Wildlife Ordinance applies. Use this list of preferred plants as a general guide only, tailoring the landscaping to the specific environment of the property, if necessary, in consultation with native plant experts.

Botanical Name Common Name Type Calandrinia ciliata Red maids Annual Castilleja densiflora Owl's clover Annual Castilleja exserta Purple owl’s clover Annual Clarkia bottae Punchbowl godetia Annual Clarkia purpurea Winecup clarkia Annual Clarkia unguiculata Elegant clarkia Annual Collinsia heterophylla Chinese houses Annual Erysimum capitatum Douglas wallflower Annual Eschscholzia caepitosa Collarless poppy Annual Eschscholzia californica California poppy Annual Gilia capitata Globe gilia Annual Lasthenia californica Gold fields Annual Lasthenia glabrata Yellow rayed lasthenia; Goldfields Annual Layia platyglossa Tidy tips Annual Lupinus bicolor Miniature lupine Annual Lupinus hirsutissimus Stinging lupine Annual Lupinus succulentus Arroyo lupine; Succulent lupine Annual Nemophila menziesii Baby blue eyes Annual Nicotiana quadrivalvis Indian tobacco Annual Phacelia grandiflora Large-flowered phacelia Annual Phacelia minor Wild canterbury bells Annual Phacelia parryi Parry's phacelia Annual Phacelia tanacetifolia Lacy phacelia Annual Platystemon californicum Cream cups Annual Salvia columbariae Chia Annual Lupinus nanus Sky lupine Annual Clarkia purpurea Purple clarkia Annual Limnanthes douglasii ssp. sulphurea Meadowfoam Annual Limnanthes douglasii Common meadowfoam, Poached egg plant Annual Phacelia grandiflora Large-flowered phacelia Annual Phacelia tanacetifolia Lacy phacelia Annual Bloomeria crocea Golden stars Bulb Calochortus albus White globe lily Bulb

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 2 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Calochortus catalinae Catalina mariposa lily Bulb Calochortus clavatus Yellow mariposa Bulb Dichelostemma capitatum Blue dicks Bulb Lilium humboldtii Humboldt lily Bulb Zigadenus fremontii Star lily Bulb Adiantum capillus veneris Venus hair fern Fern Adiantum jordani California maiden hair fern Fern Dryopteris arguta Coastal wood fern Fern Pellaea andromedaefolia Coffee fern Fern Pellaea mucronata Bird's foot fern Fern Pentagramma triangularis Goldback fern Fern Polypodium californicum California polypody fern Fern Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Brackenfern Fern Woodwardia fimbriata Chain fern Fern Abronia umbellata Sand verbena Perennial Achillea millefolium Common yarrow Perennial Acmispon glaber Deer weed Perennial Acmispon glaber Deerweed Perennial Anemopsis californica Yerba mansa Perennial Antirrhinum multiforum Many flowered snapdragon Perennial Aolidago velutina spp. californica California goldenrod Perennial Artemisia ludoviciana Silver wormwood Perennial Asclepias californica California milkweed Perennial Asclepias eriocarpa Indian milkweed Perennial Asclepias fascicularis Narrow-Leaf milkweed Perennial Astragalus trichopodus Locoweed Perennial Camissonia cheiranthifolia Dune primrose Perennial Castilleja affinis Indian paintbrush Perennial Clinopodium douglasii Yerba buena Perennial Coreopsis gigantea Tree coreopsis Perennial Croton californicus California croton Perennial Delphinium cardinale Scarlet larkspur Perennial Delphinium parryi Blue larkspur Perennial Delphinium patens Blue larkspur Perennial Dicentra ochroleuca Silver ear drops Perennial Diplacus aurantiacus Bush monkeyflower Perennial Dodecatheon clevelandii Padre’s shootingstar Perennial Dudleya cymosa Lax dudleya Perennial Dudleya cymosa S Canyon dudleya Perennial Dudleya lanceolata Lance live forever Perennial Dudleya pulverulenta Chalk live dudleya Perennial Encelia californica California bush sunflower Perennial Epilobium canum California fuchsia Perennial

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 3 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Epipactis gigantea Stream orchid Perennial Epipactis gigantea Stream orchid Perennial Eriogonum crocatum Conejo buckwheat Perennial Eriogonum elongatum Wand buckwheat Perennial Eriophyllum confertiflorum Golden yarrow Perennial Erythranthe cardinalis Scarlet monkeyflower Perennial Erythranthe guttata Seep monkeyflower; Yellow monkeyflower Perennial Gnaphalium bicolor Two-tone everlasting Perennial Gnaphalium californicum California everlasting Perennial Grindelia camporum var. bracteosum Gum plant Perennial Haplopappus venetus Coastal isocoma Perennial Helianthus gracilentus Dwarf sunflower Perennial Heliotropium curassavicum Salt heliotrope Perennial Heliotropium curassavicum Salt heliotrope Perennial Hesperoyucca whipplei Yucca; Our lord's candle Perennial Heuchera maxima Island alum root Perennial Iris douglasiana Douglas iris Perennial Isocoma arguta Coastal isocoma Perennial Iva hayesiana Poverty weed; Spreading rush Perennial Juncus textilis Basket rush Perennial Keckiella cordifolia Heart-leaved penstemon Perennial Lepechinia calycina White pitcher sage Perennial Lepechinia fragrans Fragrant pitcher sage Perennial Leptodactylon californicum Prickly phlox Perennial Lithophragma affine Woodland star Perennial Lupinus bicolor Miniature lupine Perennial Lupinus hirsutissimus Stinging lupine Perennial Lupinus longiflorus Bush lupine Perennial Lupinus succulentus Arroyo lupine Perennial Mentzelia laevicaulis Blazing star Perennial Mirabilis laevis v. crassifolia Wishbone bush; Wild four o'clock Perennial Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia Wishbone bush Perennial Oenothera elata Hooker’s evening primrose Perennial Oenothera elata ~ Tall evening primrose Perennial Oenothera elata ssp. hookeri Evening primrose Perennial Paeonia californica California peony Perennial Penstemon centranthifolius Scarlet bugler Perennial Penstemon heterophyllus Foothill penstemon Perennial Penstemon spectabilis Royal penstemon; Showy penstamon Perennial Phyla nodiflora Turkey tangle fogfruit Perennial Potentilla glandulosa Sticky cinquefoil Perennial Romneya coulteri Coulter's matilija poppy Perennial Salvia spathacea Hummingbird sage Perennial

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 4 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Saxifraga californica California saxifrage Perennial Scrophularia californica California figwort Perennial Scutellaria tuberosa Skull cap Perennial Sidalcea malviflora Checker bloom Perennial Sidalcea malviflora Checker bloom Perennial Silene laciniata Indian pink Perennial Sisyrinchium bellum Blue-eyed grass Perennial Solanum xanti Purple nightshade Perennial Stachys bullata California hedgenettle Perennial Stachys bullata Hedge nettle; Meadow rue Perennial Stanleya pinnata Prince's plume Perennial Symphyotrichum chilense California aster Perennial Thalictrum fendleri Meadow rue Perennial Trichostema lanatum Wooly blue curls Perennial Venegasia carpesiodes Canyon sunflower Perennial Verbena lasiostachys Western verbena Perennial Verbena lasiostachys Western verbena Perennial Viola pedunculata Johnny jump up Perennial Agropyron parishii Wheat grass Perennial Grass Agrostis diegoensii San Diego bentgrass Perennial Grass Agrostis exarata Bentgrass Perennial Grass Agrostis pallens Dune bent grass; Thingrass Perennial Grass Andropogon glomeratus Beard grass Perennial Grass Andropogon glomeratus var. scabriglumis Southwestern bushy bluestem Perennial Grass Bothriochloa barbinodis Cane bluestem,; Plumed beard grass Perennial Grass Bouteloua curtipendula Side oats grama Perennial Grass Bouteloua dactyloides Buffalo grass Perennial Grass Bouteloua gracilis Blue grama Perennial Grass Bromus carinatus California brome Perennial Grass Bromus laevipes Woodland brome Perennial Grass Carex pansa Dune Sedge Perennial Grass Carex spissa San Diego sedge Perennial Grass Distichlis spicata Salt grass Perennial Grass Elymus condensatus Giant wild rye Perennial Grass Elymus glaucus Western rye grass Perennial Grass Elymus multisetus Squirreltail Perennial Grass Elymus stebbinsii Wheat grass Perennial Grass Elymus triticoides Creeping wild rye Perennial Grass Festuca elmeri Elmer's fescue Perennial Grass Festuca rubra/F. idahoensis/F. occidentalis Native Mow Free Blend™ Perennial Grass Festuca rubra/Stipa cernua/S. pulchra Native Preservation Mix™ Perennial Grass Hordeum brachyantherum ssp. californicum Meadow barley Perennial Grass Juncus patens Rush Perennial Grass

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 5 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Koeleria macrantha June grass Perennial Grass Melica imperfecta Chaparral melica Perennial Grass Muhlenbergia aspenifolia Scratch grass Perennial Grass Muhlenbergia rigens Deergrass Perennial Grass Poa scabrella Malpais bluegrass Perennial Grass Stipa cernua Nodding needlegrass Perennial Grass Stipa coronata Porcupine grass Perennial Grass Stipa lepida Foothill needlegrass Perennial Grass Stipa pulchra Purple needlegrass Perennial Grass Adenostoma fasciculatum Chamise Shrub Adenostoma sparsifolium Red shanks Shrub Amorpha californica False indigo Shrub Arctostaphylos glandulosa Eastwood manzanita Shrub Arctostaphylos glauca Big Berry manzanita Shrub Artemisia californica California sagebrush Shrub Atriplex lentiformis Quail bush Shrub Baccharis pilularis Coyote brush Shrub Baccharis salicifolia Mulefat Shrub Berberis nevinii Nevin's barberry Shrub Berberis pinnata Barberry Shrub Brickellia californica California brickellbush Shrub Ceanothus crassifolius Hoaryleaf ceanothus Shrub Ceanothus cuneatus Buckbrush Shrub Ceanothus leucodermis whitebark ceanothus Shrub Ceanothus megacarpus Big Pod ceanothus Shrub Ceanothus oliganthus Hairyleaf ceanothus Shrub Ceanothus spinosus Greenbark ceanothus Shrub Ceanothus thyrsiflorus ‘Yankee Point’ Blueblossom ceanothus Shrub Cercocarpus betuiloides Mountain mahogany Shrub Comarostaphylis diversifolia Summer holly Shrub Cornus glabrata Smooth dogwood Shrub Dendromecon rigida Bush poppy Shrub Ericameria linearifolia Narrowleaf/Linear Leaved Goldenbush Shrub Ericameria linearifolia Narrowleaf leaved goldenbush Shrub Eriodictyon crassifolium Yerba santa Shrub Eriogonum cinereum Ashyleaf buckwheat Shrub Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat Shrub Eriogonum parvifolium Seacliff buckwheat Shrub Eriogonum wrightii var. membranaceum Spreading buckwheat Shrub Frangula (Rhamnus) californica Coffeeberry Shrub Garrya veatchii Silktassel bush Shrub Hazardia squarrosa Common hazardia; Goldenbush Shrub Hazardia squarrosa Sawtooth goldenbush Shrub

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 6 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Heteromeles arbutifolia Toyon Shrub Holodiscus discolor Cream bush Shrub Isocoma menziesii var. menziesii Mensies' goldenbush Shrub Isocoma menziesii var. menziesii Mensies' goldenbush Shrub Lepechinia fragrans Fragrant pitcher sage Shrub Malacothamnus fasciculatus Chaparral mallow Shrub Malosma laurina Laurel sumac Shrub Mirabilis laevis var. crassifolia (M. californica) Wishbone bush Shrub Myrica californica Pacific wax myrtle Shrub Opuntia littoralis Coastal prickly pear Shrub Peritoma (Isomeris) arborea Bladderpod Shrub Pickeringia montana Chapparal pea Shrub Pluchea sericea Arrow weed Shrub Prunus ilicifolia Hollyleaf cherry Shrub Quercus berberidifolia Scrub oak Shrub Quercus dumosa Nuttals scrub oak Shrub Rhamnus crocea Redberry Shrub Rhamnus ilicifolia Hollyleaf redberry Shrub Rhus aromatica trilobata Fragrant sumac Shrub Rhus integrifolia Lemonande berry Shrub Rhus ovata Sugar bush Shrub Rhus trilobata Squaw bush Shrub Ribes aureum Golden currant Shrub Ribes californicum Hillside currant; Hillside gooseberry Shrub Ribes indecorum White-flowering currant Shrub Ribes malvaceum Chaparral currant Shrub Ribes speciosum Fuchsia-flowering gooseberry Shrub Ribes viburnifolium Evergreen current; Catalina Perfume Shrub Rosa californica California wild rose Shrub Salix exigua Sandbar willow Shrub Salvia apiana White sage Shrub Salvia leucophylla Purple sage Shrub Salvia mellifera Black sage Shrub Sambucus nigra Blue elderberry; Mexican elderberry Shrub Symphoricarpos mollis Snowberry Shrub Acer macrophyllum Big leaf maple Tree Alnus rhombifolia White alder Tree Cercis occidentalis Western redbud Tree Fraxinus dipetala California ash Tree Fraxinus velutina Velvet ash Tree Hesperocyparis forbesii Tecate cypress Tree Juglans californica Black walnut Tree Juniperus californica California juniper Tree

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 7 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX B: Preferred Plant List

Lyonothamnus floribundus Santa Cruz island ironwood Tree Platanus racemosa California sycamore Tree Populus balsamifera Balsam poplar Tree Populus fremontii Fremont cottonwood Tree Populus trichocarpa Black cottonwood Tree Quercus agrifolia Coast live oak Tree Quercus lobata Valley oak Tree Quercus wislizeni Interior live oak Tree Salix exigua Sandbar willow Tree Salix laevigata Red willow Tree Salix lasiolepis Arroyo willow Tree Umbellularia californica California bay laurel Tree Calystegia macrostegia Morning glory Vine Clematis lasiantha Virgin's bower Vine Clematis lasiantha Chaparral clematis Vine Clematis ligusticifolia Western virgin's bower Vine Lathyrus laetiflorus Wild sweet pea Vine Lonicera hispidula California honeysuckle Vine Lonicera interrupta Chaparral honeysuckle Vine Lonicera subspicata Wild honeysuckle Vine Marah macrocarpa Wild cucumber Vine Solanum xanti Purple nightshade Vine Vitis girdiana Desert wild grape Vine

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 8 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Appendix C: DRAFT Prohibited Plant List

The Wildlife Ordinance prohibits the installation of any plant material categorized as 'Moderate' or ‘High’ in the current Invasive Plant Inventory for the Southwest region by the California Invasive Plant Council (CAL-IPC), and plants that are listed as noxious weeds by the California Department of Food & Agriculture or already prohibited by the City or surrounding jurisdictions. This includes the following plant species:

Botanical Name Common Name Acacia dealbata Silver wattle Acacia longifolia Sidney golden wattle Acacia melanoxylon Blackwood acacia Acacia retinodes Water Wattle Acroptilon repens Russian knapweed Aegilops triuncialis Barb goatgrass Ageratina adenophora Eupatory Ailanthus altissima Tree-of-heaven Alhagi maurorum Camelthorn Alternanthera philoxeroides Alligatorweed Amaranthus albus Tumbleweed Ammophila arenaria European beachgrass Anthoxanthum odoratum Sweet vernalgrass Aptenia cordifolia Red apple Arctotheca calendula Fertile capeweed Arctotheca calendula Capeweed Arctotheca prostrata Capeweed Arundo donax Giant reed Asparagus asparagoides Bridal creeper Asphodelus fistulosus Onion weed Atriplex semibaccata Australian saltbush Avena barbata Slender oat Avena fatua Wild oats Bassia hyssopifolia Bassia Bellardia trixago Mediterranean linseed Brachypodium distachyon Annual false-brome Brachypodium sylvaticum Slender false-brome Brassica nigra Black mustard Brassica rapa Field mustard Brassica spp. Mustard Brassica tournefortii Sahara mustard Bromus diandrus Ripgut brome Bromus hordaceous Brome grass; Soft chess

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 9 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Bromus madritensis ssp. rubens Red brome Bromus rubens Foxtail chess Bromus tectorum Cheatgrass Cardaria draba Hoary cress Carduus nutans Musk thistle Carduus pycnocephalus Italian thistle Carpobrotus chilensis Sea fig; Ice plant Carpobrotus edulis Highway iceplant, Hottentot fig Carpobrotus spp. Ice Plant Carrichtera annua Ward's weed Carthamus lanatus Woolly distaff thistle Centaurea calcitrapa Purple starthistle Centaurea diffusa Diffuse knapweed Centaurea jacea ssp. pratensis Meadow knapweed Centaurea maculosa Spotted knapweed Centaurea melitensis Tocalote Centaurea solstitialis Yellow starthistle Centaurea stoebe ssp. micranthos Spotted knapweed Centaurea virgata var. squarrosa Squarrose knapweed Chenopodium album Pigweed; lamb's quarters Chenopodium murale Goosefoot Chondrilla juncea Skeleton weed Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Boneseed Chrysanthemum coronarium Garland daisy Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Cirsium spp. Thistle Cirsium vulgare Bull thistle Clematis vitalba Old man's beard Colocasia esculenta Taro root Conicosia pugioniformis Narrow-leaf Iceplant Conium maculatum Poison-hemlock Cortaderia jubata Jubata Grass Cortaderia selloana Pampasgrass Cotoneaster franchetii Orange cotoneaster Cotoneaster lacteus Milkflower cotoneaster Cotoneaster pannosus Silverleaf cotoneaster Cynara cardunculus Artichoke thistle Cynodon dactylon Bermuda grass Cynoglossum officinale Common houndstongue Cynosurus echinatus Hedgehog dogtail Cyperus difformis Umbrella sedge Cytisus canariensis Canary Island broom Spartium junceum Spanish broom Cytisus scoparius Scotch broom; English broom; Common broom

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 10 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Cytisus striatus Portugese broom Delairea odorata Cape ivy; German ivy Descurainia sophia Flixweed Digitalis purpurea Foxglove Dipsacus fullonum Common teasel Dipsacus sativus Fullers teasel Dittrichia graveolens Stinkwort Egeria densa Brazilian egeria; Dense waterweed Ehrharta calycina Purple veldtgrass; African veldtgrass; Perennial veldtgrass Ehrharta erecta Panic veldtgrass Eichhornia crassipes Water hyacinth Elaeagnus angustifolia Russian olive; Oleaster Elaeagnus spp. Silverberry/Oleaster/Russian Olive Elymus caput-medusae Medusahead Emex spinosa Devil's thorn Erechtites glomerata Cutleaf fireweed Erechtites minima Australian fire weed Erodium botrys Storksbill Erodium cicutarium Storksbill; Filaree Eucalyptus calmaldulensis Red gum Eucalyptus globulus Blue gum eucalyptus Euphorbia terracina Geraldton carnation weed Euphorbia virgata Leafy spurge Fallopia japonica Japanese knotweed Fallopia sachalinensis Giant knotweed Festuca arundinacea Reed fescue, tall fescue Festuca myuros Rat-tail fescue Festuca perennis Italian ryegrass Ficus carica Edible fig Foeniculum vulgare Fennel; sweet fennel; sweet anise Gazania linearis Gazania Genista monosperma Bridal veil broom Genista monspessulana French broom; soft broom Genista spp. Brooms Geranium dissectum Cutleaf geranium Gleditsia triacanthos Honey locust Glyceria declinata Mannagrass Halogeton glomeratus Halogeton Hedera canariensis Algerian ivy Hedera helix English ivy Hedera spp. Ivy Hirschfeldia incana Short-pod mustard Holcus lanatus Common velvet grass Hordeum leporinum Foxtail barley

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 11 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Hordeum marinum Mediterranean barley Hordeum murinum Hare barley Hydrilla verticillata Hydrilla; Water thyme; Florida elodea Hypericum canariense Canary Island St. Johns wort Hypericum perforatum Common St. Johns wort Hypochaeris radicata Rough cat's-ear Ilex aquifolium English holly Iris pseudacorus Yellow flag iris Isatis tinctoria Dyer's woad Kochia scoparia Kochia Lactuca serriola Prickly lettuce Lantana camara Lantana Lepidium chalepense; Cardaria chalepensis Lens-podded hoary cress Lepidium draba Heart-podded hoary cress Lepidium latifolium Perennial pepperweed Lepidium latifolium Perennial/Broadleaved pepperweed; Tall whitetop Leptospermum laevigatum Australian tea tree Leucanthemum vulgare Ox-eye daisy Ligustrum spp. Privet Limnobium laevigatum South American spongeplant; West Indian sponge Limnobium spongia South American Spongeplant Limonium duriusculum European sea lavendar Limonium perezii / L. sinuatum Statice Linaria dalmatica ssp. dalmatica Dalmatian toadflax Linaria vulgaris Yellow toadflax Lobularia maritima Sweet alyssum Lonicera japonica Japanese honeysuckle Ludwigia hexapetala creeping waterprimrose; Uruguay waterprimrose Ludwigia peploides Floating waterprimrose Ludwigia peploides ssp. montevidensis Creeping waterprimrose Lythrum hyssopifolium Hyssop loosestrife Lythrum salicaria Purple loosestrife Malva parviflora Cheeseweed Marrubium vulgare Horehound Mentha pulegium Pennyroyal Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Crystalline iceplant Myoporum laetum Ngaio tree Myriophyllum aquaticum Parrotfeather; Brazilian watermilfoil; Thread-of-life Myriophyllum spicatum Spike watermilfoil Nicotiana glauca Tree tobacco Onopordum acanthium Scotch thistle; Cotton/wolly/winged thistle; Heraldic thistle Oryzopsis meliacea Ricegrass; Smilo grass Oxalis cornicultata Oxalis Oxalis pes-caprae Bermuda buttercup

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 12 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Oxalis rubra Oxalis Pennisetum clandestinum Kikuyu grass Pennisetum setaceum Crimson fountain grass,; Green fountain grass Phalaris aquatica Harding grass Picris echioides Bristly ox-tongue Podocarpus spp. Podocarpus Potamogeton crispus Curly-leaved pondweed Raphanus sativus Wild radish Retama monosperma Bridal Broom Rhus laucea African Sumac Ricinus communis Castor bean Robinia pseudoacacia Black locust Rubus armeniacus Himalayan blackberry Rumex acetosella Sheep sorrel Rumex conglomerates Creek dock Rumex crispus Curly dock Saccharum ravennae Ravennagrass Salsola soda Glasswort Salsola tragus Russian thistle Salvinia molesta Giant salvinia; Karibaweed; Water velvet; African pyle Scabiosa spp. Pincushion flowers Schinus terebinthifolius Brazilian pepper tree Senecio glomeratus Cutleaf burnweed Senecio mikanioides German ivy Senna (Cassia) didymobotrya Popcorn senna Sesbania punicea Scarlet wisteria Silybum marianum Milk thistle Sisymbrium irio London rocket Sisymbrium officinale Hedge mustard Sisymbrium orientale Eastern rocket Sonchus oleraceus Sow thistle Sorghum halepense Johnsongrass Spartina alterniflora x S. foliosa Smooth hybrid cordgrass Spartina anglica English cordgrass Spartina densiflora Dense-flowered cordgrass; Chilean cordgrass. Spartium junceum Spanish broom Stipa (Nassella) tenuissima Mexican feathergrass Stipa capensis Cape ricegrass, mediterranean steppegrass Taeniatherum sp. Medusahead Tamarix spp. Tamarisk; Saltcedar Tanacetum vulgare Common tansy Torilis arvensis Hedgeparsley Triadica sebifera Chinese tallow tree Tribulus terrestris Puncture vine

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 13 DRAFT WILDLIFE ORDINANCE 5/4/21 APPENDIX C: Prohibited Plant List

Trifolium hirtum Rose clover Ulex europaeus Gorse; Common gorse; Furze; Prickly broom Vinca spp. Periwinkles Vulpia myruros Rattail fescue Washingtonia robusta Mexican fan palm Xanthium spinosus Cocklebur Zostera japonica Dwarf eelgrass

CITY OF LOS ANGELES DEPARTMENT OF CITY PLANNING 14