Proceedings of the HAWAIIAN ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY for 1961

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of the

Hawaiian Entomological Society

Vol. XVIII, No. 1 For the Year 1961 August, 1962

January 9, 1961

The 661 st meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:10 P. M. on Monday, January 9, 1961, at the Experi ment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Bianchi, Chilson, Clagg, Davis, Einmo, Fullaway, Fussell, Habeck, Holloway, Krauss, Lofgren, Look, Maa, Miyatake, Nakata, Nishida, Pemberton, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Ross, Sherman, Suehiro, Sugerman, Thompson, Tuthill, Wilton, and Woolford. Visitors: Mr. C. E. Alexander, Dr. David Hardwick, Mr. Granger Lufton, Mr. David W. Lupton, Mr. Carl J. Mitchell, and Mrs. Grace H. Nakahashi. Dr. David Hardwick, who is spending four months in Hawaii studying the native species of Heliothis, spoke briefly on his research. Dr. L. W. Quate gave a talk, illustrated by color slides, on the entomological field trip he and his wife made for the Bishop Museum in Viet Nam and Laos. He also discussed briefly their work at the Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta; Zoologisch Museum, Berlin; and British Museum (Natural History), London; and described the Eleventh International Congress of Entomology at Vienna.

Notes and Exhibitions

Samia euryalus (Boisduval): Mr. Bianchi exhibited a specimen of this1 ceanothus silk moth which had been reared by a boy who had found the cocoon attached to his Christmas tree. Presumably both the cocoon and the tree, probably a conifer, had been imported from the continental United States. Dr. Pemberton commented on the possibility of importing many different kinds of insects to the islands during the Christmas season when it is impossible to inspect all of the trees which are shipped in. He also called attention to the attempts of the State Department of Agriculture to encourage local production of Christmas trees. Mr. Look stated that though Christmas trees are inspected, it is obviously impossible to examine each individual tree. Trees shipped from the west coast are not certified to be free of pests. 2 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) [ = Argyroploce carpophaga (Wal- singham)]: Mr. Davis exhibited specimens of this new immigrant tortricid moth which were reared from seagrape fruit, Coccolobis uvifera (L.) Jacq., and terminal twigs of the fern tree, Filicium decipiens (W. and A.), collected at Waialae-Kahala, Oahu in August I960. This is a new record for Hawaii. The species also occurs on Guam where Swezey reared it from seeds of several leguminous trees, Poinciana regia, Adenanthera pavonina, and Pithecellobium duke. Mr. Beardsley noted that this tortricid was taken in HSPA light traps during September and October 1958 and most likely was established in the state at that time, but had been confused with the closely related Argyroploce illepida (Butler), which is probably native to Hawaii. In India, litchi fruits are reported to be favorite hosts of this species [Fletcher, 1920, Dept. Agric. India, Mem. 6(2) :55 (as carpophaga)] and its presence in Hawaii may explain the increase in damage to litchi fruit during the past two years which has been attributed to A. illepida. Specimens were determined by J. F. G. Clarke, Smithsonian Institution, U.S.N.M. (For synonymy and host plants, see Bradley, 1953, Jour. Ent. Res. 43:679.)

Catabena esula Druce: It was reported for Mr. Harry Nakao that on a recent lantana survey in the Kau District, Hawaii, 56 pupae of this species were picked up in 10 minutes at Kukui paddock, Kapapala Ranch. This noctuid moth was introduced from California in 1955 and is becoming increasingly abundant in some localities. It has been recovered on all islands except Kauai, and appears to build up populations between the months of December and March. Aphidius smithi Sharma and Rao: Mr. Beardsley reported that this braconid parasite of the pea aphid, Macrosiphum pisi (Harris), was found established in an alfalfa field at Ewa, Oahu during late December I960. Shipments of A. smithiy obtained by the HSPA Experiment Station through the courtesy of the University of California Department of Biological Control were liberated at Ewa, Oahu and Kekaha, Kauai during October and November I960.

Mr. Krauss presented the following notes: Artema atlanta Walckenaer: This pholcid spider is abundant and a nuisance because of its webs in houses in Manoa Valley, Honolulu. Dr. W. J. Gertsch, who identified it from specimens collected in Manoa on December 17, I960, states that it is a tropicopolitan species widespread in the Americas and presum ably the same species identified as Artema sisyphoides Doleschall by Simon (Fauna Hawaiiensis 2:446, 1900).

Dysmicoccus neobrevipes Beardsley: This mealybug, identified by H. Mor rison, was found in large numbers on aerial roots of the Indian banyan (Ficus benghalensis L.) in the Pawaa district, Honolulu, January 15, I960. It has not previously been listed from this tree.

Plusia (Autographa) chalcites (Esper): Larvae of the garden looper were Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 3 observed feeding extensively on leaves of sourbush [Pluchea odorata (L.) Cass.] in Waikiki, on January 2, 1961, a new host record.

Lantana borers in Mexico: Mr. Krauss exhibited specimens of larvae and adults of the following species of lantana borers and damage caused by them in Veracruz state, Mexico.

Aerenicopsis championi Bates. The larvae of this cerambycid bore in branches of Lantana camara mista (L.) L. H. Bailey near Veracruz. They are about 30 mm. long, yellow, with a curved brown spine at the posterior end of the body. The first releases of this species against Lantana camara aculeata Moldenke in Hawaii were made in 1955. A few recoveries have been made but its present status is uncertain.

Plagiohammus spinipennis Thomson. Larvae of this cerambycid are white in color and attain a length of about 40 mm. They bore in stems and roots of Lantana scorta Moldenke in the Jalapa-Orizaba, Mexico area. Releases were first made in the islands in I960.

Phassus argentiferus Walker. The large brown larvae, up to 7 cm. in length, of this hepialid moth bore in stems and roots of Lantana camara mista and L. scorta in Veracruz state, Mexico and form damp, soft sacks of chewed wood fragments and silk over the entrances to their burrow. As this species attacks other plants, it will not be used in lantana control.

Bishop Museum Entomology Department notes: Dr. Quate reported that insect fragments have been taken northeast of New Zealand at 11,000 feet in the high-speed aerial trap operating on a U.S. Navy Super-Constellation. An antenna of a male chironomid and head of a sciarid were collected in the trap which is operated by Josef Sedlacek, Bishop Museum entomologist. Air trapping of insects is part of Bishop Museum's participation in the U.S. Antarctic Research Program.

February 13, 1961

The 662nd meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:10 P. M. on Monday, February 13, I960, at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Chilson, Chong, Fullaway, Fussell, Joyce, Kim, Lofgren, Look, Maa, Miyatake, Nakata, Pemberton, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Suehiro, Woolford, and Yoshimoto. Visitors: Messrs. E. R. Yoshioka, D. W. Lupton, and Kali Aly. Messrs. David W. Lupton and Carl J. Mitchell were elected unanimously to membership in the society. President Beardsley appointed D. P. Wilton, Chairman, S. Nakata, and D. Rainwater as members of a committee to select the award for the winner of the best entomology exhibit at the annual Science Fair. 4 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Notes and Exhibitions

Dr. Joyce presented the following notes:

Protalebrella brasiliensis (Baker): A single specimen of this cicadellid leafhopper was taken in a light trap on September 13, I960 at the Public Health Service Quarantine Station, Fort Armstrong, Honolulu. The identification was by J. P. Kramer, U.S. National Museum. It is a common neotropical species, found as far north as Florida and Georgia. It has not been recorded previously from Hawaii, and since no additional specimens have been taken, the species probably is not established in Hawaii.

Androlaelaps setosus Fox: As far as is known, this laelaptid rat mite has not been recorded previously in Hawaii. According to Public Health Service Quarantine Station records which date back to January 30, 1958, seven specimens were taken on that date from the native Hawaiian rat, Rattus exulans hawaiiensis Stone, which was trapped near Ewa, Oahu. In February I960, 21 specimens were removed from two R. norvegicus (Berkenhout) trapped in Niu Valley, Oahu; another was found on a Norway rat at the Quarantine Station, Honolulu; and on November 25, I960, one specimen of A. setosus was taken from a house mouse, Mus musculus, trapped near Pier 41, Honolulu Harbor. These records indicate that the mite is established here and may feed on a variety of rodent species, though only a small percent of the rats examined harbored this particular mite species. A. setosus is characterized by the presence of a stout spine on the femur and tibia of the second leg. The identification of the mite has been con firmed by Dr. D. P. Furman, University of California, Berkeley.

Brontispa longissima (Gestro): Dr. Pemberton reported that several speci mens of this hispine beetle had been sent by a resident of Tahiti to a friend in Honolulu. The beetle was actually killing coconut trees in Tahiti, and examina tion of the beetles and comparison with many named specimens at Bishop Museum established fair proof that the species is B. longissima. This is one of the most serious coconut pests in the Pacific with widespread distribution in Java, Celebes, Moluccas, New Guinea, Cape York (?), Bismarcks, Solomons, New Hebrides, New Caledonia (Gressitt, I960, Pacific Ins. 2:104). We find no previous record of its occurrence in Tahiti, but in the absence of parasites it may cause great destruction to coconut and other palms.

Catabena esula Druce: For Stephen Au, Mr. Fullaway reported that of 90 cocoons of C. esula which were collected and held for emergence, 30 were parasitized by Echthromorpha fuscator and a few by Brachymeria obscurata. Harry Nakao also reported parasitism of C. esula by Echthromorpha and Brachymeria collected on the bark of Diospyros on Hawaii. Mr. Davis reports finding Apion emerging (from Emex) at Mokuleia, Oahu and Waimea, Hawaii.

Austrotortrix (Archips) postvittana (Walker): Miss Chong exhibited adult Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 5 specimens of this tortricid moth which were reared from terminal shoots of gorse, Ulex europaeus, collected by Davis and Miyahira at Olinda, Maui, on January 13, 1961. It was previously collected from gorse at Humuula, Hawaii, in 1956 by Harry Nakao. The caterpillars feed on the spines, stems, and growing tips of gorse.

Mr. Chilson gave the following notes: Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner): This tetranychid mite was collected from Terminalia catappa leaves by E. J. Ford, Jr., April 23, I960, on Oahu, which constitutes a new record for the state. The species is reported by Pritchard and Baker (1955, Pac. Coast Ent. Soc, Mem. Ser. 2:315) as occurring on tea, Virginia creeper, camellia, Melaleuca sp., Qiiisqualis indica, and Parthenocissus quisquefolia. Localities listed are Ceylon, South Africa, Australia, and Florida. Specimens were determined by E. W. Baker.

Platysenta illecta (Walker) Todd, new combination: Mr. Beardsley exhib ited adults of living larvae of this newly established noctuid moth. Adults have been collected at Waipio Peninsula, Wailupe Valley, and other places on Oahu either at lights or in light traps and a single female was taken in the Hawaiian Homestead area on central Molokai, February 2, 1961. Larvae were reared from eggs laid by a female moth captured at light near Kaena Point, Oahu, January 21, 1961 and were fed on foliage of the common stick tight, Bidens pilosa L.; a single larva was found feeding on Chenopodium sp. at Ewa, Oahu, February 8, 1961. P. illecta has been reported (sometimes as P. capensis Guenee) from Guam, Fiji, Samoa, Philippines, Formosa, Indonesia and various countries of southeast Asia. In India the species is known as the "safflower moth," as the larvae feed on leaves of Carthamus tinctorius L., a composite from which saffron dye is produced. Larvae are also reported to feed on Coreopsis, jute and several other plants [Maxwell-Lefroy, 1909, Indian Insect Life, p. 447 (as Euplexia conducta Walker)]. Specimens were determined by E. L. Todd, U.S. National Museum and confirmed by D. S. Fletcher, British Museum (Natural History). The generic transfer from Perigia to Platysenta Grote, 1874, is credited to Dr. Todd.

Anisolabis maritima (Gene): Specimens from Midway Island tentatively identified as A. eteronoma Borelli by E. J. Ford have been determined as A. maritima by A. B. Gurney, U.S. National Museum. This is a correction of the record of A. eteronoma in Miss Suehiro's list of Midway insects (i960, Proceed ings 17:291).l

Hypocryphalus mangiferae (Stebbins): Mr. Kim exhibited specimens of this scolytid which was heavily infesting a Pirie mango tree in Kaimuki, Oahu. The beetles had caused large areas of the branches and leaves to dry out, and

1 Throughout this publication, "Proceedings" refers to Proceedings of the Hawaiian Entomological Society. 6 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

heavy oozing of gummy sap and many shot holes were observed in the branches. The beetles were first reported in Hawaii by Swezey who also reported it boring in live mango twigs in India (Proceedings, 1949, 13:445; 1952, 14:361).

Plusia biloba (Stephens) and Meliana sp.: Mr. Beardsley reported that Dr. Hardwick and he collected these two moths for the first time on Molokai at light, February 2 and 3, 1961. The former has been reported previously from all the principal Hawaiian Islands, except Molokai, and the latter has been hereto fore reported only from Oahu.

Sphenophorus venatus vestita (Chittenden): Mr. Beardsley reported that three specimens of this immigrant weevil were collected at Kuliouou, Oahu, during November, I960 by a University of Hawaii entomology student. This indicates the species is definitely established and has spread. (See p. 110.)

Latrodectus mactans (Fabricius): Mr. Bianchi referred to the abundance of the black widow spider in the Waipio Peninsula canefield as discussed at the December I960 meeting of the Society. He stated that of 43 egg masses collected between December 2 and 13 and held under observation in the laboratory, 36 yielded only the parasite Eurytoma latrodecti Fullaway, two yielded both parasites and spiders, and five yielded only spiders. All of the last had been freshly produced egg masses. One of them contained a full complement of eggs but only five were viable while the rest were apparently infertile.

March 13, 1961

The 663rd meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, March 13, 1961, at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Bianchi, Carter, Chilson, Clagg, Chock, Davis, Fullaway, Joyce, Kamasaki, Kim, Lofgren, Look, Lupton, Maa, S. Mitchell, W. Mitchell, Miyatake, Nakata, Ota, Pemberton, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Ross, Suehiro, Sugerman, S. Thompson, Yoshimoto, and Wilton. For the Science Fair book award committee, Mr. Wilton reported that "Insect Fact and Folklore" by L. W. Clausen had been selected as the prize book to be given by the Entomological Society to the participant with the best entomo- mological exhibit. Mr. Ernest Yoshioka was unanimously elected to membership in the Society. An illustrated talk by Dr. Carl M. Yoshimoto gave the highlights of his four-months entomological field work in Viet Nam for the B. P. Bishop Museum.

Notes and Exhibitions

Acinia fucata Fallen: For N. L. H. Krauss, Mr. Davis reported that on February 21, 1961, 30 adults of this introduced tephritid were collected from Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 7 sour bush, Pluchea odorata, at Mokuleia, Oahu. The adults were abundant on this weed for whose control they were introduced. A. fucata was liberated at Waiau, Oahu on October 6, 1959 and was first recovered at this locality on February 15, I960. It has also been taken in light traps by Dr. Joyce. The recovery of the fly at Mokuleia is the first for this locality and represents a considerable extension of its range.

African snail on Maui: Mr. Davis presented the following notes: Reports of an African snail infestation at Hana, Maui were confirmed in January, 1961 by Nobuo Miyahira, Resident Entomologist for Maui. Two infested localities were found and it is believed that the snails first arrived in these localities about a year ago. Thousands of marked, carnivorous Euglandina snails and a colony of Gonaxis quadrilateralis have been released. Prior to the release, close examina tion indicated no empty African snail shells, but recent inspection disclosed numerous empty shells. This was attributed to the carnivorous snails.

Entomophthora fungus infesting Macrosiphum pisi (Harris): At Omao- pio, Maui, collections were made of diseased specimens of the pea aphid, M. pisi, which were infested with the fungus, Entomophthora sp. This is the first record of the fungus attacking the pea aphid on Maui.

Aphidius smithi Sharma and Rao: After its release on Kauai, the first recovery of this braconid was reported by Stephen Au. Specimens were found in an alfalfa field on the Kekaha Plantation, February 28, 1961.

Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Scopoli): Mr. Kim reported that this mite, identified by F. Haramoto, University of Hawaii, was attacking phorid and sciomyzid flies breeding on dead snails of the sciomyzid culture at the Department of Agriculture insectary. Sometimes 20 to 30 mites were attached to a single fly. Control of the mites has been obtained by using 25 percent, wettable powder Ovex at the rate of 2 teaspoons per gallon. It is applied just after the fly larvae have pupated and gives adult flies free of mites. The insecticide does not kill adult mites, but is toxic to eggs and nymphs.

Chelogynus coriaceus (Perkins) ?: Mr. Beardsley exhibited female speci mens of a small dryinid wasp which he has tentatively identified. One was bred from a larval sac attached at the neck region of the leafhopper, Balclutha hospes (Kirkaldy), taken at Ewa, Oahu. Larval sacs have also been found on B. beardsleyi Namba. Although this is an unusual site of attachment for dryinid larvae, Namba [1956, Proceedings l6(l):107] also noted it on other Hawaiian Balclutha. Species of Chelogynus are less specialized than other Hawaiian dryinids as the females are fully winged and sexual dimorphism is less strikingly developed. C. coriaceus was described from an unique female collected in Queensland, Australia [Perkins, 1905, HSPA Expt. Sta. Bull. l(l):65] which was bred from a larval sac also attached at the neck region of a leafhopper. The present ° Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

specimens were compared with Perkins' type and no structural differences were noted, although they have somewhat darker legs, but the type may be faded. No species of Chelogjmis are listed as parasites oiBalchttha by Thompson (1955, Cat. Parasites and Predators of Insect Pests, sec. 2, pt. 3:219), but several are recorded from other cicadellids.

Meliana sp.: Mr. Beardsley exhibited mature caterpillars of this immigrant noctuid moth which were reared on Bermuda grass {Cynodon dactylon) from eggs deposited by a confined female. This moth was first collected on Hawaii in December, 1956 [1957, Proceedings 16(2) :197], but the larval stages have not been reported previously. The moth has been recorded from Oahu and Molokai and specimens were collected on Hawaii by Dr. David Hardwick in March, 1961. Polistes exclamans exclamans Viereck: Mr. Beardsley exhibited a stylopized specimen collected by an entomology student at the University of Hawaii. This is the first record of a vespid wasp being attacked by a stylops.

Forcipomyia ingrami Carter: On February 25, 1961, while Mr. Lupton was hiking on the Palehua (Mauna Kapu) Trail in the Palikea area, Waianae Moun tains, Oahu with members of the Hawaiian Audubon Society, two specimens of a midge were collected biting the upper forearms of two of the party. The specimens were identified as Forcipomyia ingrami Carter by Dr. W. W. Wirth, U.S. National Museum. Both flies were collected between 3:00 and 3:30 P. M. on a heavily shaded portion of the trail approximately 2,800 feet above sea level. One specimen appeared to completely engorge, leaving a distinct puncture mark, while the other appeared only partially engorged before collection. How ever, Dr. Wirth mentioned (in correspondence) that the abdomens did not appear to be filled with blood; therefore, the question arises as to whether they were actually able to take in blood or whether they merely inflicted a painful bite with their mandibles. The habits of the adult of F. ingrami are unknown (Hardy, I960, Ins. Hawaii, 10:173) and Dr. Wirth states that he knows of no previous record of the species biting man.

April 10, 1961

The 664th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, April 10, 1961, at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Beardsley, Bianchi, Carter, Chilson, Chock, Chong, Davis, Fuliaway, Habeck, Joyce, Kim, Lofgren, Look, Lupton, Maa, Miyatake, Nakata, Nishida, Pemberton, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Ross, Sakimura, Steiner, Suehiro, Tanabe, D. Thompson, Toba, Woolford, Yoshimoto. Visitor: Dr. Bruce A. Baptist, Ceylon. The Science Fair Award Committee announced that Miss Diana Catabona's exhibit, "Can Bees be Taught to Respond to Color?" was selected as the best Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 9 entomological exhibit at the 1961 Science Fair and would be awarded the Hawaiian Entomological Society prize. Citation for H. A. Woolford: H. I. Rainwater reported that Mr. Woolford has been honored with a Certificate of Merit and a cash award of $200.00 from the Agricultural Research Service, USDA. The awards are given in recognition for sustained above-average performance in intercepting insects, mites, and diseased plant materials and in developing equipment to make quarantine inspec tions more effective. Dr. Walter Carter, Pineapple Research Institute, told of his recent work in West Africa and his highly informative talk was illustrated with a number of well chosen color slides.

Notes and Exhibitions

USDA Quarantine Service: Mr. Chilson reported that during the first quarter of 1961, 2,322 insect interceptions had been made at the Honolulu International Airport.

Forcipomyia picea (Winnertz) ?: Dr. Joyce exhibited a single male specimen of a biting midge new to Hawaii, which was taken in a light trap at the Public Health Service Quarantine Station at Ft. Armstrong, Honolulu, Oahu on February 20, 1961 among a catch of hundreds of the common F. ingrami Carter. It is a relatively large, dark species and Dr. W. W. Wirth, U.S. National Museum, has tentatively identified it as Forcipomyia picea (Winnertz), a common European species breeding under tree bark. No further specimens have been taken to date to indicate that the species is established; the specimen may have been introduced with unpeeled logs.

Metioche vittaticollis (Stal): Mr. Bianchi stated that on April 2, 1961 near the headquarters of the Humuula sheep ranch, Hawaii, many crickets of this species were feeding on the flower heads of Trisetum glomeratum (Kunth.) and were not on any other grass, although many other kinds were intermingled with T. glomeratum.

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel): Mr. Bianchi described a very heavy infestation of the greasy cutworm in a 70-acre field of the Paauhau Sugar Co., Hawaii. The sugar cane field lies at an elevation of nearly 2,000 feet and had been plowed and replanted about five weeks earlier. When it was visited on April 3, nearly 100 percent of the eyes had been destroyed in a four-acre section and a smaller proportion in the rest of the field.

Bishop Museum high speed aerial plankton trap: Dr. Yoshimoto reported that recent catches of the high speed aerial plankton trap include specimens of Proctotrupoidea, Chalcidoidea, termites, and Diptera. The trap was removed from the R7V used last season in the Antarctic and will be installed in a plane operating from Barber's Point, Oahu. 10 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Sphenophorus venatus vestita (Chittenden): Mr. Beardsley and Mr. Bianchi exhibited grubs and adults of this recently established immigrant weevil and reported that during the past few weeks they had investigated a number of complaints of damage to Zoisia lawns by grubs of this species. The first call was received from a resident in a new subdivision in Waipahu on March 14, and grubs of S. v. vestita were found feeding on roots of a newly established Zoisia lawn there. Feeding caused brown patches of dead grass which could be pulled up without appreciable effort, due to the destruction of the roots. A short article concerning the weevil which appeared in the Honolulu Advertiser in April resulted in additional telephone complaints from residents of Ewa Beach, Pearl City Highlands, Aiea, Kuliouou, and Kailua, Oahu. Weevils and weevil damage, ranging from mild to very severe, were found in all of these areas. In two cases, well-established lawns had been almost completely killed by weevil grubs. To date, weevil damage has been encountered only in Zoisia-grass lawns. Damage was seen in lawns of several Zoisia varieties, mostly of the Z. matrella (L.) Merrill type. The variety designated as "Z-52" seems particularly susceptible; damage has not yet been encountered in lawns of velvet grass, Z. tenuifolia Willd. S. venatus vestita has been reported as a serious pest of Zoisia in nurseries in Florida (Kelsheimer, 1956, Proc. Florida State Hort. Soc. 69:415) and it seems likely that this insect may have gained entry into Hawaii in Zoisia grass illegally imported from the southeastern United States. (See p. 110.)

Eublemma anachoresis (Wallengren) ?: Mr. Beardsley exhibited specimens of a small, newly established immigrant noctuid moth which were first collected in a light trap at Ewa, Oahu, May 10, I960. Five additional specimens were found in March I960 over a three week period at the same place. Swezey (1946, B. P. Bishop Mus. Bull. 189:169) reports that E. anachoresis is known from South Africa, India, Ceylon, Andaman Islands, Java, Queensland and Guam. On Guam he reared specimens from caterpillars feeding on terminal buds of Waltheria americana L., a widespread lowland weed which is fairly common on Oahu.

Specimens were tentatively identified by E. L. Todd, U.S. National Museum. However, the Hawaiian specimens are distinct from a South African specimen and if the latter is the true anachoresis, Hawaiian specimens should be referred to JB. accendens (Felder and Rogenhofer), a Javan species that has been synony- mized with anachoresis but is probably valid. Final determination can be given only after an examination of the types of the species involved.

Aphidius gifuensis Ashmead: Mr. Beardsley stated that he had received this determination from Dr. C. F. W. Muesebeck, U.S. National Museum, for specimens of a braconid parasite reared from the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer). Parasitized aphids were collected at Ewa, Oahu on February 17, 1961 by Dr. E. I. Schlinger (Dept. of Biological Control, University of California), and Mr. Beardsley. A. gifuensis was described by Ashmead (1906, Proc. U.S. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 H

Nat. Mus. 30:188) from two specimens from unidentified aphids from Gifu, Japan. Apparently this is the first definite host record for A. gifuensis.

May 8, 1961

The 665th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:05 P. M. on Monday, May 8, 1961, at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Ando, Beardsley, Bianchi, Chong, Davis, Habeck, Joyce, Kamasaki, Kim, Lofgren, Look, Lupton, Maa, Miyatake, Nakata, Nishida, Pemberton, Quate, H. I. Rainwater, Ross, Sherman, Sugerman, Tamashiro, Tanabe, S. Thompson, Wilton, and Yoshimoto. Dr. D. E. Hardy reviewed the highlights of his sabbatical leave spent in Europe. He discussed several well known entomologists and their works and described various European institutions, especially the University of Vienna and Vienna Natural History Museum where he spent most of his time.

Notes and Exhibitions

Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel): Mr. Kim reported an infestation of the black cutworm in two alfalfa-growing localities on Oahu where cutworms were found on young seedlings. One five-acre field at Kualoa had to be plowed under because of the poor stand of plants and another five-acre field at Mokuleia was heavily stripped. Parasitism by tachinids was quite heavy.

Anacamptodes fragilaria (Grossbeck): C. J. Davis reported caterpillars of this moth were found attacking alfalfa at Omaopio, Maui on April 15th. Three to five caterpillars were found on each plant and about 50 percent of the foliage was destroyed. This looper has been recorded from 30 hosts in Hawaii and apparently prefers the Leguminosae. In California it is known as the citrus looper.

Apanteles militaris Walsh: For Ernest Yoshioka, Mr. Davis reported that while liberating the carabid, Damaster blaptoides blaptoides Kollar, in an armyworm infested pasture at Kamuela on May 2, Mr. Yoshioka observed numerous cocoons of this braconid. A. militaris was obtained from the University of California Department of Biological Control, Riverside in I960 and released at the Kahua and Parker ranches in June of that year. In Tennessee it is considered the most important parasite of the cosmopolitan armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta. This marks the first recovery of A. militaris in Hawaii.

Rubus persistens Rybd.: For N. L. H. Krauss, Mr. Davis noted chat the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England has identified specimens of wild black berry collected in grazing land at Olinda, Maui, January 7, 1961 as Rubus per sistens Rydb. Small (1933, "A Manual of the Southeastern Flora") gives persistens as a synonym of R. lucidus Rydb., so that should be the name used for 12 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society this obnoxious weed pest. It is native to the region from South Carolina to Florida and Mississippi, usually being found in sandy soils. There has been considerable confusion about its identity in Hawaii.

Sphenophorus venatus vestita (Chittenden): Dr. Habeck reported examining fecal droppings of the toad, Bufo marinus L., which revealed that large numbers ofthebillbug, Sphenophorus venatus vestita (Chittenden), had been eaten and many passed alive through the digestive tract. Fifty-four billbugs, of which 23 were alive, were represented in fresh droppings collected in the morning, while older, dried droppings collected at the same time yielded 25 billbugs of which 8 were still alive. The number of billbugs which escape from the droppings under natural conditions is probably dependent upon weather, as rain disintegrates the droppings and frees the billbugs, whereas sunny weather will dry and harden the droppings and prevent their escape. This phenomenon was reported by Smith and Bragg [1949, Ecology 30(3) :333] who found that a small unidentified weevil passed alive through the digestive tract of Bufo cognatus in Oklahoma.

For L. W. Chilson, Mr. Rainwater presented the following two notes: New Guam record for Belenus dentatus (Fieber): This tingid was collected in a light trap at Anderson A. F. B., Guam by A. LaPlante in October I960 and was determined by C. J. Drake. It is apparently new to Guam, not having been reported there by Drake [1961, Ins. Micronesia, Bishop Mus. 7(6)]. It is an Oriental species of southeast Asia.

Larvae of Dacus spp.: Ten third-stage larvae of either D. dorsalis or D. cucurbitae were collected from blossoms of Sesbania grandiflora by H. A. Woolford on September 13, I960, which is a new host record. These flowers are intercepted by inspectors regularly, as they are usually being taken out as food material. This is the second time a tephritid larva has been found in the flowers. The first interception was determined by D. E. Hardy as D. cucurbitae (Coquillet).

Psychoda sigma Kincaid: Dr. Quate reported that one female of this western North American species was collected at Hawaii National Park, Hawaii on March 25, 1961 at 4,000 feet by S. Quate and is a new psychodid record for the state. A male of P. williamsi Quate and over 100 P. harrisi Satchell and P. uncinula Quate were taken at the same place from March 25 to 27. Many were in the house during the evening, but more were found at dusk on the outside of the windows of unlighted rooms.

Mr. Beardsley gave the following notes: New noctuid records: During the past month Dr. David Hardwick has collected specimens of Heliothis virescens (Fabricius) at light on Hawaii and Kauai. Hardwick also collected specimens of Platysenta illecta (Walker) and Meliana sp. on Kauai. All are new island records.

Carulaspis minima (Targioni): Mr. Beardsley exhibited juniper foliage Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 13 infested with this armored scale which he had collected on potted Juniperus sp. in Honolulu during April. This scale (McKenzie, 1956, Calif. Ins. Surv., Bull. 5:91) is widely distributed in Europe, North Africa, Bermuda Islands, and the mainland United States, but has not previously been reported in Hawaii. It is of interest that this species, in combination with Lepidosaphes newsteadi (Sulc), was responsible for the virtual elimination of the native juniper in Bermuda. The recorded host plants of this species include various species of juniper, cypress, arborvitae, and redwood.

June 13, 1961

The 666th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Tuesday, June 13, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA.

Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Chilson, Chock, Chong, Davis, Fulla- way, Hardy, Joyce, Kim, Lofgren, Lupton, Maa, C. J. Mitchell, Miyatake, Nakao, Nakata, Ota, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Sanchez, Sherman, Steiner, Tanabe, Thistle, Toba, Woolford and Yoshimoto.

Visitors: Messrs. Donald Awai, Z. V. Carlyle, C. Kawanishi, F. T. Lynd, A. Miyahara and E. H. Willers.

A film produced by Chemagro, advertising a systemic insecticide "Co-Ral," was presented by Dr. Martin Sherman. Of particular interest to the Society were the highlights of the life history of the cattle grub and the harm it does to livestock.

Notes and Exhibitions

Popillia japonica in California: Mr. Fullaway referred to a news item from the San Francisco Chronicle regarding the collecting of 16 specimens of the Japanese beetle {Popillia japonica) in Capitol Park, Sacramento, California. For control, 150 traps filled with oil of geranium were distributed throughout the park. The article stated that the Japanese beetles have never been found alive in California before, though a few have been taken in incoming airplanes and ships.

Parasitic wasps: Mr. Fullaway exhibited Pachyneuron sp. (Chalcidoidea) reared from Aphidius which was parasitizing the aphid Macrosiphum pisi Kalten- bach. Also, a male oiEurytoma sp. (Chalcidoidea) was reared from an agromyzid fly collected on Bidens. From the same culture a depauperate fly (tephritid ?) was reared.

Popillia japonica (Newman): Mr. Chilson reported that the first Japanese beetle taken alive in Hawaii in 1961 was collected by USDA Plant Quarantine inspectors on a Japan Air Lines plane from Tokyo on May 27, the earliest date 14 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society in the past 10 years. A summary of Japanese beetle collections for 1951-60 follows:

Date of 1st Specimens Date of 1st. Specimen: Year Intercep. in Season Year Intercep. in Season 1951 June 5 3 1956 June 26 63 1952 June 10 3 1957 July 2 14 1953 Sept. 17 1 1958 June 22 4 1954 Aug. 3 20 1959 July 12 4 1955 June 24 41 I960 0

Cryptophlebia sp.: Mr. Kim noted that a tortricid, Cryptophlebia sp., in the Kailua-Kaneohe area was damaging terminal shoots of Cassia javanica X C. fistula, the rainbow shower. Larvae were boring in the young shoots, tunneling through the pith and causing the shoots to dry and break.

Damaster blaptoides blaptoides Kollar: Miss Chong reported that the carabid Damaster b. blaptoides was released on Oahu and Maui in July, 1957 for the control of the giant African snail, Achatina fulica Bowdich, but did not become established. Another release was made in 1961 of specimens received from Dr. K. Yasumatsu, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan. To date four shipments have been received and released at Kamuela, Hawaii and Kokee, Kauai for the control of armyworms and on Oahu for the control of the African snail.

Catabena esula Druce and Pseudaletia unipuncta: The following communi cation from Mr. Ernest Yoshioka, Resident Entomologist, Hawaii was read by C. J. Davis: "The surveys on lantana and armyworms at Kahua ranch, Kohala, Hawaii, were most interesting. Mr. Richards and I drove through more than 2,000 acres of lantana located in the Puu Lapo paddock at elevations from 1,500 to 2,500 feet. The lantana at the lower elevations was almost 100 percent defoli ated and upon examination many empty Catabena cocoons were found. I counted as many as 15 cocoons on one of the plants which was about two feet in height and diameter. All the lantana in this area appeared stunted and only about one to two feet high. Very dry conditions were observed and strong winds were felt. According to Mr. Richards, this area has been unusually dry this year, and the heavy winds have persisted for the past two months. No Hypena or Syngamia were detected on whatever scrawny leaves were present. However, a moderate population of tingids was observed. I feel that the combination of drought aided by very strong winds, tingids, and Catabena activity of previous months caused this scrubby growth of lantana. Mr. Richards claimed that the plants in this area were much healthier (foliage) and a little higher last year. About six to eight inches of dieback was acknowledged on the larger plants, but no significant dieback was noted on the smaller ones. At the higher elevations, Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 15 towards Kohala, the plants were flourishing, but none of the defoliators could be detected except for traces of tingids. Very strong winds were present in this area, too.

"During the armyworm investigation many larvae {Pseudaletia) of different instars were observed in healthy, green kikuyu and I predict that this paddock, which is located alongside the main road directly below Mr. Richards' home, will look like 'straw' sometime next month. Individual Apanteles cocoons were detected which I believe are those of A. marginiventris. I could not find clusters of cocoons belonging to A. militaris. Maybe it's still a little too early, but many good-sized larvae were seen. The polyhedrosis or granulosis viruses seemed to be the currently predominant controlling factors, for many diseased larvae were observed."

Mr. Davis commented that he observed cocoons of this noctuid on the east end of Molokai and at the Smith-Bronte landing site on June 2, 1961. It was first reported on Molokai by J. W. Beardsley in March I960. Inasmuch as it was never released on this island, it was probably wind-borne from Maui after its release there in 1955.

Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower): For Dr. Habeck, Dr. Sherman reported that moths of this tortricid species were reared from bush lima beans grown at Kaneohe, Oahu.

July 10, 1961

The 667th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, July 10, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA.

Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Clagg, Davis, Einmo, Fullaway, Habeck, Hardy, Joyce, Kamasaki, Kim, Kohn, Lofgren, Look, Lupton, Miyatake, Nakata, Namba, Ota, Pemberton, Quate, H. I. Rainwater, Steiner, Sugerman, Tanabe, Thistle, Toba, Wilton, and Woolford.

Visitors: Mildred Horike, C. Kawanishi, Fay Uyenoyama, Hope Watson.

Mr. J. C. Hitchcock, Fresno, California, was elected unanimously to member ship in the Society.

Dr. Pemberton reviewed the entomological papers that will be presented at the Tenth Pacific Science Congress.

Mr. Steiner presented two films: "The World Agricultural Fair, India," which was produced by A.E.C., gave the highlights of the American displays and partici pation in the Fair held in Delhi in 1959-1960. "Med Fly Eradication in Florida," produced by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, showed how the Mediter ranean fruit fly was eliminated from Florida after becoming established in 1955. 16 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Notes and Exhibitions

Scadra rufidens Stal: Dr. Hardy exhibited a specimen of S. rufidens Stal from Manoa, the third specimen of this reduviid recorded in the state. Mr. Beardsley also exhibited a specimen, the fourth Hawaiian record, which he captured flying in bright sunlight at his home in Wailupe Valley, Oahu. The species was first reported here in December 1958 [Proceedings 17(1) :27].

Chiracanthium diversum Koch: Dr. Hardy reported that a four-year old girl in Aina Haina was bitten on the finger by this spider. She experienced immediate severe pain in her finger and the pain spread rapidly until it involved the whole arm. She was taken to a doctor and after treatment the pain subsided within three hours but her hand was still considerably swollen. The girl is not known to be allergic to arthropod stings or bites, although the doctor reported that one of the members of her family is supposedly allergic to bee and wasp stings.

Cheiloneurus noxius Compere: Mr. Beardsley reported that he had bred 12 specimens of this encyrtid wasp from Saissetia hemisphaerica (Targioni-Tozzetti) collected by Mr. Bianchi in the Waialae-Kahala area of Honolulu. This species was described from California (1925, Univ. Calif. Publ. Ent. 3:302) and is known to develop as a hyperparasite of Aphycus lounsburyi Howard (LePelley, 1937, Bull. Ent. Res. 28:181), an important parasite of the hemispherical scale. Also reared from this material were a few specimens of the encyrtids, A. lounsburyi and Diversinervus elegans Silvestri. The latter species has been reported only once previously in Hawaii [1958, Proceedings 16(3):318].

August 14, 1961

The 668th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, August 14, 1961 at Bishop Hall, B. P. Bishop Museum. Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Bianchi, Bryan, Chong, Clagg, Davis, Fullaway, Gressitt, Habeck, Hardy, Joyce, Lofgren, Look, Lupton, C M. Mitchell, Miyatake, Nakata, Nishida, Ota, Pemberton, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rain water, Ross, Suehiro, Tamashiro, Tanabe, Thistle, S. Thompson, Wilton, Woolford, and Yoshimoto. Visitors: Henry E. Fernando, Clinton Kawanishi, Richard Kuramoto, Barton Matsumoto, Robert J. McKeand, Newton Morton, Don Nakanishi, Grace Nakahashi, Clara Nishimura, and Hope Watson. Dr. J. L. Gressitt reviewed the highlights of the past year spent largely in Australia and New Guinea with a trip to Macquarie Island. His description of the general topography, botany, and zoology of these three areas was followed Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 17 by colored slides and further discussion. Of particular interest was Dr. Gressitt's description and pictuies of subantarctic Macquarie Island and the animal life found on it.

Notes and Exhibitions

Pseudencyrtus sp.: Mr. Wilton exhibited specimens, determined by P. H. Timberlake, Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside, California, as Pseudencyrtus sp., which were reared from the puparia of Parasarcophaga misera (Walker) collected at Waimanalo and elsewhere on windward Oahu during July. Specimens of the same encyrtid were taken in HSPA light traps at Waipio and Ewa, Oahu in July I960 and June, July 1961. This is a new insect record for the state.

Entomological equipment: Dr. Gressitt exhibited a mechanical aspirator which is a modified portable vacuum brush powered with a motor run by flashlight batteries. The intake is equipped with an inverted plastic funnel covered at the large end by fine mesh screen to prevent the specimens from going into the fan. The fan creates a vacuum and specimens are sucked into the funnel opening.

B. P. Bishop Museum Research Grants: Dr.- Gressitt reported that the Museum has received three research grants. The first, from the Office of Naval Research, will support further insect trapping at sea. Another, from the National Science Foundation, will permit another season of entomological work in the Antarctic; with Dr. Janetschek from Austria to make land studies; K. A. J. Wise to operate ship-board traps and work on the identification of specimens at the end of the season; C. J. Mitchell to operate the high speed air plankton trap between McMurdo, Christchurch and Rhode Island; J. L. Gressitt to spend a short time in the Antarctic on special investigations. The third grant, also from the National Science Foundation, will support E. C. Zimmerman's work on Pacific weevils for two years. Dr. Gressitt reported that a field station for entomology has been established at Wau, Northeast New Guinea with Josef Sedlacek as resident entomologist.

Air-borne insect trapping: Dr. Yoshimoto of the Entomology Department, B. P. Bishop Museum, installed a "wind sock" type of net on Nuuanu Pali in a situation simulating conditions on board ship at sea. The purpose was to test various net and fittings designs. During the tests, the most frequently taken insects belonged to the Drosophilidae, Chloropidae, Syrphidae, and Vespidae (Odynerus). After five weeks of operations, the trapping was discontinued and will be reported in detail elsewhere.

Tinostoma smaragditis (Meyrick): A specimen of a sphingid moth, believed to be Tinostoma smaragditis, the famous "green sphinx" of Kauai, was exhibited by E. H. Bryan, Jr. (See p. 121). 18 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Chloriona (Sogatella) kolophron (Kirkaldy): Mr. Beardsley exhibited specimens of this newly established immigrant delphacid leafhopper. Female specimens were first collected in June 1961, in a light trap at Waipio, Oahu, but positive identification was not possible until males were obtained in July. To date about a dozen specimens have been collected in light traps at Waipio and Ewa, Oahu and four adults by sweeping grass (Eleusine indica) in an alfalfa field at Ewa. C. kolophron was described from Queensland, Australia (1907, HSPA Expt. Sta. Ent. Bull. 3:157). Muir (1924, HSPA Expt. Sta. Ent. Bull. 15:14) considered Kirkaldy's species a synonym or possibly a subspecies of C. furcifera (Horvath) from Japan. However, recently Fennah [1956, B. P. Bishop Mus., Ins. Micronesia 6(3): 116] has presented evidence that the two are distinct. Identification was made by Mr. Beardsley through reference to the types of C. kolophron in the HSPA collections and to the literature cited above.

The known distribution of the species includes Australia, Philippines and Micronesia (Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands). It apparently is a grass- feeding species. A relative, C. (S.) paludum (Kirkaldy), has been known in Hawaii for many years, but the new immigrant may be separated by characters of the male genitalia, the carinae of the head, and the coloration. In Fiji, O'Connor (1952, Agric. Jour. Fiji, 23:97) reported that rice yellow disease was caused by the feeding of large populations of this leafhopper.

Dichomeris sp.: Mr. Beardsley exhibited adults and larvae of a small gelechiid moth, which was damaging alfalfa at Ewa, Oahu during July. Specimens sub mitted to J. F. G. Clarke, Smithsonian Institution, U.S. National Museum, were identified as Dichomeris sp. This is a large and widespread genus containing several species of economic importance. At least two species have been reported damaging alfalfa; D. rustica (Walsingham) in Peru and D. piperata Walsingham in Puerto Rico. D. ianthes Meyrick, which is known from various localities in Asia (Seychelles, Malaya, Ceylon, Japan) is reported to attack related legumes such as Indigofera spp. and pigeon peas. The larvae of the species found at Ewa fold over the individual leaflets of the tripartite alfalfa leaf along the midribs and feed within. The caterpillars are largely pale green with a black head and prothorax. Many specimens of thebraconid parasite, Chelonus blackburni Cameron, issued from Dichomeris-infested alfalfa held in the laboratory, presumably develop ing in these larvae. This is a new insect record for the state of Hawaii.

Planococcus citri (Risso): Mr. Beardsley noted that a light infestation of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso), has recently been found on mature sugar cane at Ewa, Oahu. This species has been reported infesting cane in other parts of the world, but, insofar as is known, has never been recorded on this host in Hawaii. At Ewa the mealybugs were in small colonies located on the leaves at the juncture of the leaf sheath and leaf blade, tended by the Argentine ant, Iridomyrmex humilis Mayr. Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 19

September 11, 1961

The 669th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, September 11, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Beardsley, Bess, Chong, Clagg, Davis, Einmo, Fullaway, Hardy, Joyce, Kim, Kimoto, Lofgren, Look, S. Mitchell, Miyatake, Nakao, Nakata, Pemberton, Quate, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Suehiro, Tanabe, Wilton, Woolford, and Yoshimoto. Visitors: Roy S. Hirata, Harry J. Kumabe, Ariyant Manjikul from Bangkok, Thailand, and Hope D. Watson. President Beardsley announced that L. W. Quate and Amy Suehiro had been appointed co-editors of the Proceedings. The members of the society voted unanimously to contribute $50.00 to the Zoological Society of London in support of publication of the Zoological

Record. Dr. Henry Bess gave an interesting discussion of his year in East Africa and illustrated his talk with color slides.

Notes and Exhibitions

Flies reared from Achatina fulica: Mr. Wilton reported that he had reared several species of flies from African snails which had been killed by "Bug-Geta" pellets, a commercial snail bait containing 1 percent Dieldrin and 2.5 percent metaldehyde. During May and June, 1961, bait was set out at eight locations in Honolulu and windward Oahu. A sample of the dead snails was collected from each area five to six days after baiting and kept in the insectary for six weeks. One hundred fifty-eight snails yielded 109 specimens of Megaselia stuntzt G. Bohart, 245 Fannia push Wiedemann, 59 Helicobia morionella (Aldrich), and 192 Para- sarcophaga misera (Walker). The absence of calliphorids, especially Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), from this list is noteworthy. When crushed African snails were used as bait in Honolulu, 49 percent of the flies trapped were calli phorids and the overwhelming majority of these were C. megacephala.

Typhlops braminus (Daudin): Mr. Clagg exhibited a specimen of the blind snake, Typhlops braminus, collected at Barber's Point, Oahu, which is larger and lighter in color than the usual specimens. Mr. Davis reported he had observed specimens of this snake at Lanikai, Oahu.

Tenebrio molitor (L.): Miss Suehiro exhibited a specimen of this large tenebrionid, a larva of which was found feeding in woolen material at Halawa, Oahu, by C. F. Clagg. It is the second specimen reported from the Hawaiian Islands, the first having been collected by Dr. Perkins nearly 70 years ago. 20 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Corythuca morrilli (Osborn and Drake): Miss Suehiro reported that speci mens of this immigrant tingid bug were collected on Kauai by Dr. R. L. Usinger. Though fairly common on Oahu, this is the first record of its capture on any of the other islands since it was first reported in 1953.

October 9, 1961

The 670th meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, October 9, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA.

Members present: Anderson, Balock, Beardsley, Bess, Carter, Chong, Clagg, Einmo, Fullaway, Gressitt, Hardy, Joyce, Kimoto, Lofgren, Look, Maa, W. Mitchell, Miyatake. Nakata, Pemberton, H. I. Rainwater, Sakimura, Sherman, Suehiro, Sugerman, Tamashiro, and Wilton.

Visitors: Messrs. Hoyuau Liu, Barton Matsumoto.

Notes and Exhibitions

Dr. Joyce gave the following notes: Protalebrella brasiliensis (Baker): Another specimen of this cicadellid leafhopper was taken in the light trap at the Public Health Service Quarantine Station, Honolulu, on July 17, 1961; the first was taken on September 13, I960 in the same trap. These single records in the harbor area indicate that the species is still doubtfully established in Hawaii.

Polididus armatissimus Stal: One specimen of this reduviid bug was taken in Aina Haina, Oahu on July 20, 1961 resting on the side of a house and another in a light trap operated at Kailua, Oahu, on September 11th. This appears to be a new island record as it was first reported from the island of Hawaii by Chilson [1954, Proceedings 15(2):289].

Ixodes ricinus Linnaeus: An engorged female of this ixodid has been taken from a dog at the Animal Quarantine Station, Honolulu on May 19, 1961. The dog had recently arrived from Germany via London. This is an example of how a species principally European in distribution can easily be transported to the opposite side of the world by air. The tick does not appear to have become established in Hawaii. Identification was confirmed by G. M. Kohls, Rocky Mountain Laboratory, Hamilton, Montana.

Sarcophagula sp. prob. occidua Fabricius: A new, very small immigrant sarcophagid fly has recently become established in Hawaii. D. Wilton recently collected a number of specimens, which had been reared from dog feces collected in the Waialae-Kahala area, September 6, 1961. Additional specimens were taken in light traps at Kahuku, Oahu and in Nuuanu Valley. On September 15th a Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 21 fly trap baited with human excrement was placed at the Public Health Quarantine Station and in three days, 104 specimens were captured. The species is distin guished from other Hawaiian species by its small size, bristles only on the third vein, and a strong proclinate orbital bristle in both sexes.

Sepedon praemiosa Giglio-Tos: Miss Chong reported that the board mem bers of the Department of Agriculture at their September meeting approved the release of another sciomyzid, Sepedon praemiosa, a predator of the liverfluke snail, Lymnaea ollula Gould. S. praemiosa is strictly aquatic; its larvae feed on snails which are in the water. This species is common in the western part of North America and is found as far north as Alberta, Canada and as far south as Oaxaca, Mexico. The original breeding stock was collected by Dr. Clifford O. Berg, Cornell University in August, 1961 in Los Angeles County, California.

Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin): Mr. Sakimura reported on the predaceous thrips, Aleurodothrips fasciapennis (Franklin), which were found effec tively preying upon a heavy infestation of Diaspis bromeliae (Kerner) on pine apple plants in Waialua, Oahu. This species has been recorded from pineapple and other plants, but this is the first observation of its preying upon the pine apple scale. Previous collections are from Hilo, Hawaii in 1951 by C. J. Davis; from Lanaihale, Lanai at 3,400 feet, in 1955 by K. Sakimura and from the native forest at Kanehoa, Oahu at 2,500 feet.

New Kauai record for Psychodidae: Dr. Quace identified two species of psychodids recently collected by Mr. T. C. Maa on Kauai. Females of Psychoda quadrifilis Edwards (=P. hardyi Quate) and P. uncinula Quate were taken in the Dry Cave, Haena, August 7, 1961 and a male of P. uncinula at Kokee Park, August 6, 1961. This is a new island record for the latter species.

Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas): Mr. Beardsley reported that he had col lected numerous specimens of the rusty plum aphid, H. setariae, on wire grass, Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertner, at Ewa, Oahu on several dates in September. The species appears to be a recently established immigrant as it has not previously been reported in Hawaii. Identification was made from slide-mounted specimens, and was subsequently confirmed by Miss Louise M. Russell, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. This aphid has been well described and figured by Palmer (1952, Thomas Say Foundation 5:176-177, fig. 202), and occurs over much of the continental United States, Cuba, Puerto Rico, South America, East and West Africa. The recorded summer hosts of the species are various grasses including corn, wheat, sorghum, rice and sugar cane. In Louisiana this aphid has been shown to act as a vector of sugar-cane mosaic, a disease which occurs in Hawaii. Recently C. W. Bennett et al [1958, Jour. Amer. Soc. Sugar Beet Technologists 10(3) :220] have shown this aphid to be a vector of cucumber mosaic virus and responsible for the transmission of that disease to sugar beets in the Salt River Valley of Arizona. 22 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

November 6, 1961

The 671st meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, November 6, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Beardsley, Bess, Bianchi, Carter, Davis, Einmo, Fullaway, Gressitt, Haas, Habeck, Haramoto, Hardy, Joyce, Kamasaki, Kimoto, Lofgren, Look, Matsumoto, Nakao, Nishida, Pemberton, H. I. Rainwater, Sanchez, Sherman, Suehiro, Tamashiro, Wilton, and Yoshimoto. Visitors: Meroyn Arthur, Dean Hamilton, Clinton Kawanishi, George Komatsu, Anne Philips, Yos Sutyoso, P. Quentin Tomich, and Nixon Wilson. Barton Matsumoto was unanimously elected to membership in the Society. Mr. Sotaro Uehara, with the Division of Plant Industry, State Department of Agriculture gave a most interesting illustrated talk on the important noxious weeds of Hawaii.

Notes and Exhibitions

Nezara viridula var. smaragdula (Fabricius): Mr. Frank Haramoto exhibited specimens of this southern green stink bug which were feeding on beans, sweet potatoes, and other crops in the University of Hawaii fields. N. viridula smarag- dula (1775, Fabricius, Syst. Ent. p. 710) was determined by Dr. R. C. Froeschner, U.S. National Museum. The infestation first came to Mr. Haramoto's attention October 15, 1961 and from the size of the population it was estimated that the bug reached Hawaii about August, 1961 and had gone through at least two generations. Infestations have since been discovered in several different areas in Manoa and at McKinley High School. Attempts were made to eradicate the bug at the various sites where it was found, but apparently this action came too late and it seems apparent that this species is now well established and spreading rapidly over Oahu. (See p. 25.) This species is almost cosmopolitan and may have come to Hawaii from Guam and other areas in Micronesia or from the mainland United States. It has a very wide host range and has been reported as seriously damaging stems, foliage, flowers and fruits of a great variety of garden and ornamental plants. A comprehensive report on this species was published by C. J. Drake (1920, Quart. Bull. State Plant Board, Florida 4:41-94), and the taxonomic status of this bug was discussed by P. Freeman (1940, Trans. Roy. Ent. Soc. London 90:359-360).

Mr. Davis presented the following notes: Atrichomelina pubera (Loew) and Pherbellia grisescens (Meigen): These sciomyzid liver fluke predators were received from Dr. Clifford O. Berg, Cornell University on September 21, 1961. A. pubera may operate as a predator, parasite or scavenger of aquatic snails and occurs only in the Western Hemisphere. P. grisescens is predaceous on all stages of the liver fluke snail and occurs in Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 23

Europe and North America. The original breeding stock came from Los Angeles County, California.

Papaya mosaic disease and Panama wilt: These destructive diseases of papaya and banana respectively, were confirmed by University pathologists recently. Papaya mosaic has been present in the Waimanalo district of windward Oahu for several years and this is the first record for Hawaii. The vector of this disease is the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae. Panama wilt {Fusarium cubense) has been present in East Hawaii for many years and was reported as a new record for the Kona District by the State Resident Entomologist of Hilo, Hawaii.

Eurytoma orchidearum (Westwood): This pest of catteleya orchids was found in a orchid collection at Kukuihaele near Waipio Valley, Hamakua District on October 30, 1961 and marks a considerable extension of its range from Hilo, Hawaii, where it was first reported in 1952.

Rodolia cardinalis (Mulsant): Mr. Beardsley stated that Mr. Robert P. Owen, Staff Entomologist, Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, had reported finding this coccinellid established at Kwajalein, Marshall Islands in August of this year. A shipment had been made to Kwajalein in November, 1959 after an outbreak of the cottony cushion scale, Icerya purchasi Maskell, was reported.

Macrocentrus sp.: Mr. Beardsley exhibited specimens of a braconid wasp belonging to this genus which appear to be a newly established immigrant here. So far this year, four specimens have been collected in HSPA light traps at Ewa and Waipio, Oahu. This genus includes a large number of species, most of which appear to be internal parasites of lepidopterous larvae. None has previously been reported established in Hawaii, although at least one, (M. ancylivorus Rohwer), which differs from the species at hand, has been purposely introduced.

New anthicid: Mr. Beardsley exhibited specimens of an anthicid beetle which appears to be a newly established immigrant here. About two dozen specimens have been taken in HSPA light traps at Ewa and Waipio, Oahu during the past several months.

December 11, 1961

The 672nd meeting of the Hawaiian Entomological Society was called to order by President Beardsley at 2:00 P. M. on Monday, December 11, 1961 at the Experiment Station, HSPA. Members present: Anderson, Bess, Carter, Chong, Davis, Fullaway, Habeck, Haramoto, Hardy, Joyce, Kim, Kimoto, Maa, Matsumoto, Miyatake, Nakao, Nakata, Namba, Nishida, Pemberton, D. Rainwater, H. I. Rainwater, Sanchez, Sherman, Suehiro, Sugerman, Tamashiro, Thistle, D. Thompson, Wilton, Wool- ford, and Yoshimoto. 24 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Visitors: Messrs. Emil Bogen, D. C. Hamilton, G. Komatsu, J. Kajiwara. Dean Hamilton, Clinton Kawanishi, George Komatsu, Richard Matsushima and Anne Philips were unanimously elected to membership in the Society. President Beardsley reported that Dr. Carter has agreed to be the Society's representative at the proposed conference on state parks to be held under the auspices of the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce. The following officers were elected for 1962:

President-elect C. J. Davis Secretary D. Habeck Treasurer M. Chong Advisor W. C. Look

Outgoing president Beardsley turned the meeting over to President-elect Rainwater and presented an interesting and excellent Presidential Address entitled "On immigration and establishment of terrestrial arthropods in Hawaii during recent years" which was illustrated with color slides.

Notes and Exhibitions

Monoxia sp.: Mr. Beardsley reported that he had reared a singie specimen of a chrysomelid beetle of this genus from Atriplex semibaccata collected at Ewa, Oahu during November.

Mr. Thompson reported: Popillia japonica Newman: 13 traps were employed on Japanese beetles this season beginning May 29 and ending September 1. Ten traps were located at Hickam Air Force Base near various aircraft parking spots where beetles might be expected to fly from planes recently arrived from Japan and three traps were placed in foreign arrival areas at Honolulu International Airport. No beetles were taken in any of the traps but two beetles (one alive) were intercepted on incoming aircraft.

Quarantine interceptions: Interceptions at the Port of Honolulu reached an all time high during the 3rd quarter (July-September) of 1961 with 2,902 interceptions. The previous high of 2,390 had been recorded in the 2nd quarter (April-June) of 1961; in comparison, 8,453 interceptions were submitted for the period October I960 to September 1961, while 3,359 interceptions were sub mitted for the period October 1959 through September I960.

Otiorhynchus cribricollis (Gyllenhal): Dr. Habeck exhibited a specimen of adult weevil collected at Kamuela, Hawaii in June I960 by Mr. Matsuura which was identified by E. C. Zimmerman as this species. The adult and larvae were reported as injuring burdock {Arctium lappa L.), and investigation at Kamuela in December I960 revealed that numerous larvae were feeding on the surface Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 25 of the roots. Although damage was not always severe enough to make the roots unsaleable, the scar tissue formed over the wounds gave the roots an undesirable appearance. The larvae were found as deep as 15 inches in the soil. Attempts to rear the larvae were unsuccessful. (See p.189).

Catabena caterpillars: For Mr. Ernest Yoshioka, resident entomologist in Hilo, Hawaii, C. J. Davis reported the recovery of between 80 to 90 caterpillars of Catebena esula Druce in Kukui Paddock, Kau District, Hawaii, from lantana on October 18th. This is the first observation of Catabena caterpillars for this time of year in the Kau District. During the latter part of November, Insectary staff members found considerable Catabena activity near the Honouliuli Forest Reserve, Oahu. These observations tend to confirm seasonal activity for this noctuid moth to be between October and February. C. esula was introduced from California in 1955 and appears to be gradually increasing each year.

Tetraeuaresta obscuriventris Loew: Miss Chong reported that the State Department of Agriculture recently imported a tephritid, Tetraeuaresta obscuri ventris Loew, collected by B. A. O'Connor in Fiji, for the control of Elephantopus mollis (HBK), a noxious weed common on rangelands on Kauai and Hawaii. From the first shipment which arrived on December 1, 1961 over 1,000 flies emerged and these were released on Princeville Ranch, Kauai on December 4,1961.

Mr. Nakao reported: Nezara viridula var. smaragdula (Fabricius): A heavy infestation of this species was found on soybeans in the McKinley High School garden in Manoa where it was also feeding on hollyhock, yard-long beans, and lima beans. In the Moiliili quarry area it was feeding on Crotalaria sp. A weekly spray program using 0.125 percent Malathion is being carried out wherever the bug has been found.

Crasimorpha sp.: This gelechiid moth from Brazil, tentatively identified as a new species of Crasimorpha, was approved by the Department of Agriculture for field release. Caterpillars bore into tender stems of Christmas berry, Schinus terebinthifoltus Raddi and form gall-like swellings which effectively inhibit flowering and fruiting. The first releases of the moth will be made during December 1961 and promises to be the first step towards Christmas berry control. 26 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

Book Review Problems in the Zoogeography of Pacific and Antarctic Insects, by J. L. Gressitt and appendices by T. C. Maa, S. Nakata, I. M. Mackerras, L. W. Quate. Pacific Insects Monographs 2, 1961. B. P. Bishop Museum. $2.50 bound; $2.00 unbound. 94 pp., 45 figs., incl. 2 color plates. This constitutes one of a series of publications planned by the Museum under the heading Pacific Insects Monographs, which began in March, 1961, and is associated with Pacific Insects, a quarterly organ of the program developed by the Entomology Department of the Museum. It is devoted to monographs and zoogeographical studies of insects and other terrestrial arthropods from the Pacific area, including Asia, Australia, and Antarctica. Monograph 2 will prove interesting and instructive to all scientists, as well as students concerned with the source areas of the present Pacific arthropod fauna, their means of dispersal, the effects of environment on establishment, the western and oriental affinities with today's Pacific island fauna, and factors influencing evolution and the geographical history of the Pacific. The illustrations, descriptive of text discussion, add much to an understanding of conclusions or theories presented. A comprehensive bibliography is included. Of outstanding interest is the presentation of a large amount of factual data supporting the belief that much of the insect fauna of the entire Pacific, including the large islands of the southwest, had its origin in the Oriental region. There is fascinating reference to possible ancient influence of insect fauna which may have occupied high islands no longer present or existing now as low atolls, upon present fauna. These could have served as stepping stones for the eastward spread of the ancestors of the extant fauna, which through age-long evolution has changed considerably. Special attention is given to the distribution and western affinities of Pacific Cerambycidae and Chrysomelidae. This is graphically shown on a number of descriptive maps. Dr. Gressitt and his staff have made considerable progress in the trapping of insects on ocean-going ships and airplanes in the Pacific and in Antarctica with practical devices, which are illustrated in the Monograph. This informa tion supports the theory that wide dispersal of insects over the earth during past milleniums has been accomplished mainly by air currents, especially in conjunction with hurricanes. A discussion of the arthropod fauna of Antarctica which has been collected presents data of importance on the ecology of the small number of species which survive the freezing temperatures of the area. In a short review it is impossible to give full justice to this monograph. It is filled with stimulating thought bearing on the complex problems in the zoogeography of Pacific insects now existing in their various habitats. It is a remarkable contribution to the general subject. C. E. Pemberton Experiment Station, HSPA Vol. XVIII, No. 1, August, 1962 191

New Immigrant Records for the Year 1961

Species marked with an asterisk were reported from the Hawaiian Islands for the first time during 1961 on the dates recorded in the text. Those marked with a dagger are considered doubtfully established as the records are based on single collections.

CHANCE IMMIGRANTS fSamia euryalus (Boisduval) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) 1 *Cryptophlebia ombrodelta (Lower) [ = C. carpophaga (Waisingham)] (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) 2 *Artema atlanta Walckenaer (Araneida: Pholcidae) 2 fProtalebrella brasiliensis (Baker) (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) 4 Androlaelaps setosus Fox (Acarina: Laelaptidae) 4 Platysenta illecta (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 5 Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) (Acarina: Tetranychidae) 5 *Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) 7 Chelogynus coriaceus (Perkins) ? (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae) 7 fForcipomyia picea (Winnertz)? (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) 9 *Eublemma anachoresis (Wallengren) ? (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) 10 Psychoda sigma Kincaid (Diptera: Psychodidae) 12 *Carulaspis minima (Targioni) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae) 12 *Cheiloneurus noxius Compere (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) 16 *Pseudencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) 17 *Chloriona (Sogatella) kolophron (Kirkaldy) (Homoptera: Delphacidae) 18 *Dichomeris sp. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) 18 flxodes ricinus Linnaeus (Acarina: Ixodidae) 20 *Sarcophagula sp. (occidua Fabricius?) (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) 20 *Hysteroneura setariae (Thomas) (Homoptera: Aphididae) 21 *Nezara viridula smaragdula (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae). 22 *Macrocentrus sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 23 fMonoxia sp. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) 24 *Otiorhynchus cribricollis (Gyllenhal) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). .. 24

BENEFICIAL INSECTS PURPOSELY INTRODUCED

Apanteles militaris Walsh (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) 11 192 Proceedings, Hawaiian Entomological Society

OFFICERS FOR 1961

President J. W. Beardsley President-elect H. I. Rainwater Secretary L. W. Quate Treasurer Setsuko Nakata ... \ Martin Sherman Advisors j c R joyce Editorial Committee \j- Y" *ear£le£ 5**r' k^ l^u' ] F. A. Bianchi, H. Kamasaki, R. Namba Finance Committee JM. Tamashiro, Business Manager, C F. (Clagg, and Amy Suehiro

ProgramPm Pram Committee j\c-^^E- TPemberton,^.^ andChairman,H L RainwaterW. C.

HONORARY MEMBERS

Q. C. Chock C. E. Pemberton R. H. Van Zwaluwenburg D. T. Fullaway P. H. Timberlake F. X. Williams

MEMBERSHIP 1961

Anderson, R. D. Holway, R. T. Newell, I. M. Ando, K. Hoyt, C. P. Nishida, T. Arnaud, P. H.;Jr. Ito, K. Nowell, W. R. Au, Stephen Joyce, C. R. Ota, A. BalockJ. W. Kajiwara, J. T. Owen, R. P. Barker, Z. A. Kamasaki, H. Perkins, B. D.,Jr. Baumhover, A. H. Kawanishi, C. Peterson, G. D., Jr. Beardsley, J. W. Keck, C. B. Philips, A. Bess, H. A. Keiser, I. Quate, L. W. Bianchi, F. A. Kim, J. Rainwater, D. T. Blunt, S. H. Kimoto, S. Rainwater, H. I. Boyle, W. W. Komatsu, G. Ritchie, C. L. Bryan, E. H., Jr. Kohn, Marian A. Ross, M. M. Burditt, A. K., Jr. Krauss, N. L. H. Sakimura, K. Butler, G. D.,Jr. Lamprecht, H. Sanchez, F. P. Callan, E. McC. Lofgren, L. Sherman, M. Canteio, W. Look, W. C. Steiner, L. F. Carter, W. Lupton, D. W. Stone, W. E. Chilson, L. M. Lukins, G. Suehiro, A. Ching, B. P. Maa, T. C. Sugerman, B. B. Chong, Mabel Maehler, K. L. Tamashiro, M. Christensen, L. D. Matsumoto, B. Tanabe, A. Clagg, C. F. Matsushima, R. Tanada, Y. Clausen, C. P. McGee, L. Tanaka, N. Davis, C. J. McMahan, E. A. Thistle, A. Dumbleton, L. J. Messenger, P. S. Thompson, D. M. Einmo. J. R. Mitchell, C. J. Thompson, S. Faxon, R. Mitchell, Mrs. S. Toba, H. Ford, E.J.,Jr. Mitchell, W. C. Tuthill, L. D. Fussell, E. M. Miyahira, N. Usinger, R. L. Gressitt, J. L. Miyake, S. S. Wilton, D. P. Haas, G. Miyatake, Y. Wirth, W. W. Habeck, D. H. Mumford, E. P. Wolfenbarger, D. O. Hagen, K. S. Nakagawa, P. Y. Woolford, H. A. Hamilton, D. Nakagawa, S. Yamada, T. Haramoto, F. H. Nakao, H. Yoshimoto, C. M. Hardy, D. E. Nakata, S. Yoshioka, E. Hinckley, A. D. Namba, R. Zimmerman, E. C. Hitchcock, J. C.