The distribution of Arizona leafhoppers and their host plants

Item Type text; Thesis-Reproduction (electronic)

Authors Flock, Robert A., 1914-

Publisher The University of Arizona.

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Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/552049 THE DISTRIBUTION .OF ARIZONA LEAFH0PP2R3

AND THEIR HOST PLANTS

by

Robert Ashby Flock

A Thesis

submitted to the faculty of the

Department of Entomology and Economic Zoology

in partial fulfillment of

the requirements for the degree of

Master of Science

in the Graduate College

University of Arizona

1940

Approved: Major Professor c;i ; £ 9 y ? /

A CKE' O’. .’LSDGE.ISNT

I would like to express my appreciation to Dr. E. D

Ball, Dr. 0. T. VorhjLGs, and Dr. L. P. V/ehrle, who have made it possible for me to work on this group of insects

V CONTENTS

Page

Introduction 1

Distribution and Host Plants of Arizona Species

Family ClCADELLIDAE 9

Subfamily PAROPINAE

Koebelia o tD

Subfamily AGALLINAE 10 Agalliopsis 10 Agallla 12 Certagallia 13 Aceratagallia 15 Subfamily MACROPSIDAE 18 Bythosoopus 18 Macropsis 18

Subfamily IDIOCERINAE 19 Idiocerus 19

Subfamily CICADELLININAE 23 Oncometopia 23 Homalodisca 24 Neokolla 24 Ciboyia 25 Cicadella 25 Siminius 25 Helochara 26 Graphocephala 26 Draeculacephala 26 Cameocephala 27

Subfamily GYPONINAE Dragonana 27 Gyponana 27 Gypona 29 Prairiana 29 Ponana 30 Xerophloea 32 Subfamily JASSINAE 32 Memnonia 32 Xestocephalus 33 Nionia 33 Dorycephalus 34

-i- Heoalus 34 Spangbergiella 34 Parabolocratus 35 Dicyphonia 36 Aligia 36 Mesaaia 37 Bandara 38 Twinlngia 38 Soaphoideus..... 39 Osbornellus - 39 Prescottla 40 Soaphytbpeus 41 Flexamia 44 Latulus . 46 Pains 46 Polynamia 46 Hebecephalus 47 Laevacephalus 48 Ampllcephalus 49 Deltocephalus - 49 Lonatura 50 Klnonla 50 Gillettielia 50 Athysanella 51 Drlotura 51 Uhoka 51 Athysanus 52 Bxitlanus 52 Limnlotettlz 52 Ophiola 53 Coramulus 53 Stlrelus 53 Penestirellus 54 Eutettix 54 Atanus 55 Opsins 55 Horvellina Ollarianus ■ : II Horvellina 57 Menosoma' 59 Phlepsins 59 Phlepsius 60 Texananus 61 Acinopterus 63 Idiodonns 65 Colladonus 66 Conodonus 67 Doleranus 67 Friscananus 68 Ballana 68 Gyperana 69 Elymana 70 Chlorotettix 70

— 11 Jassus 71 Neoeoelidia 71 Paracoelidia 73 Balclutha 74 Nesosteles 74 Baldulus 75 Macrosteles 75 Sonronlus 76 Subfamily TYPHLOCYBINAE 76 Protalebra 76 Dlkraneura 76 Alconeura 79 Empoasca 81 Idona 88 Typhlocyba 88 Eupteryz 89 Hymetta 89 Erythroneura 89 Family MEMBRA.CIDAE 94 Subfamily SMILIINAE 94 Ceresa 94 Stictocephala 96 Stictolobus 97 Micrutalis 98 Parantonae 98 Glossonotus 98 Hiliria 99 Palonica 99 Telamona 99 Tropldarnis 100 Antianthe 100 Telamonanthe 100 Cyrtolobus 100 Ophiderma 101 Vanduzea 101 Bajulata 102 Amastris 102 Polyglypta 103 Bryantla 103 Publilia 103 Entylia 104 Subfamily DARNINAE 104 Stlctopelta 104 Aconophora 105 Subfamily H0PL0PH0RINAE 105 Platycotis 105

ill- Subfamily MEMBRACINAE 105 Bnchenopa 105 Hypsoprora 106 Campyienehia 106 Tylopelta 106 Philya 107 Leiosc^.ta 107

. Subfamily OMTROTINAE 107 Miorooentrus 107 Platyoentrus 108 Tylooentrus 108 Tuberculooentrus 108 Centrodontus 108 Multareis 108

Subfamily AETHALIOHIHAE 109 Aethalion 109

Family CERCOPIDAE 110

Tomaapis 110 Aphrophora 110 Clastoptera 111 Philaronia 115 Family FULGORIDAE 117

Subfamily FULGORINAS 117 Soolopsella 117 Rhabdooephala 117 Amyole 117 Calyptoprootus 118 Cyrpoptus 118 Poblioia 119 Subfamily DICTYOFHORINAE 119 Seolops 119 Yucanaa 128 Or game ra 123 Deserta 123 Orgerius 183 Acinaca 124 Ticidia 124 Timonidia 125

Subfamily ACHILHAE 125 Elidiptera 125 Catonia 125 Subfamily CIXIIHAE 127 Oliarus 127

— iv— Oliaronus 130 Cixius 130 Oeolidlus 131 Plntalia 132 Mlcroledrida 132 Oecleus 133 Myndus 136

Subfamily L3SBJAE 138 Fitohlella 138 Bruohomorpha 139 Aphelonema 141 Papagona 142 Hysteropterum 143 Ulixes 144 Tylana 144 Thlonia 145 Picumna 145 Buthiscia 145 Naettteus 145 Misodeaa 146 Dietyssonla 146 Osbornia 146 / Subfamily ACAMLONIIHAE 147 Acanalonia 147

Subfamily FIATHAE 148 Ormenis 148 Misthamophantia 149 Flatoides 150

Subfamily DERBHAE 150 Cedusa 150 Cenchrea 150 Amalopota 151 Anotia 151 Otiooerus 152 Bothiooerus 152

Subfamily DELPHAOHJAE . 152 Copicerus 152 Sacoharodyne 152 Stenocranus 153 Bostaera 153 Stobaera 153 Liburnia • 153 Pissonotus 153

Factors Influencing the Distribution 154

Bibliography 159 THE DISTRIBUTION OF ARIZONA LEAFHOPPBRS . AND THEIR HOST PLANTS

Introduction

For the past twelve years the leafhopper collection

and library o f Dr. E. D. Ball has been located at the

University of - .Arizona, This collection and the associated

field notes contained the data from a very complete study

of the species found in Arizona, The writer made a sur­

vey of the biological data pertaining to Arizona leaf-

hoppers which.was finished just before the collection was

shipped to the National Museum. A. survey of the literature

was also made in order to have a complete list of the

species found in the state and additional biological data.

Considerable time was spent in determining unidentified

material with which valuable biological data was associated

more information will be available when the unmounted and

unidentified material in the collection is worked up at

the National Museum.

The writer has worked with Dr. Ball for several years

and is familiar with the collection and notes. He has

collected leafhoppers and other insects in many parts of

the state, often with Dr. Ball, and is familiar with the

places which are discussed in the notes. This paper con­

sists largely of records made by Dr. Ball and interpreted

-1- —2w

by the writer.

The.term leafhopper is used in this paper in the

general sense meaning not only the Clcadellidae or true

leafhoppers, but also the Membracidae or treehoppers, the

Cercopidae or spittlebugs, and the Fulgoridae or waxhoppers.

These four families are quite similar in habits and are

closely related to;each other. They are usually studied

together because the methods of collecting and preparing

specimens for study are much the same for each of the

groups.

These four families and the family Cicadidae consti­

tute the suborder Auchenorrhyncha of the order Homoptera.

The order Homoptera is a very large group of diversified

insects which is difficult to characterize collectively.

All species are plant feeders and have mouth parts of the

piercing-sucking type, without palpi. The wings when

present are of a nearly, uniform texture. The Cicadidae

are distinguished from the leafhoppers by having hind legs

which are not fitted'for jumping. They are large species

with entirely membranous wings. The nymphs are sub­

terranean. The suborder Sterrnorrhyncha contains the

scales, aphids, white flies and jumping plant lice. The

Auchenorrhyncha are distinguished from the Sterrnorrhyncha

by having the beak plainly arising from the base of the — 3—

head, and the tarsi, at least of the middle and hind legs, three jointed. They are always free living insects.

The leafhopper fauna of Arizona is extremely rich.

For example, of the 1,725 picadellidae which have been found in the United States, nearly 600 species have been found in Arizona. There are 94 Membracidae included in the present paper in comparison with 35 in a recent list of the Membracidae of Utah (Jorgenson), or 201 kinds re­ corded in the Van Duzee catalogue of North America. There are 182 species of Fulgoridae recorded from the state while

Dozier lists 132 from Mississippi and Van Duzee lists 362 from the United States. This great variety of species is partially a result of the large number of different cli­ matic and floristic areas in the state. Also the state is so situated that we not only have a large percentage of the North American forms but we also have many forms whose affinities are with the fauna of Mexico and South

America. •

Our large number of recorded species is a result of the thorough work done in the state by Dr. Ball and other workers. He has built up one of the most important collec­ tions in the country. In 1932 it contained 2,800 species,

510 types, and paratypes of 600 species, totalling in all over 60,000 specimens. Since that time he has added a large amount of Arizona material. - 4 -

In this state there is. an unusually good opportunity to study the ecological relationships of the leafhoppers.

Plants and plant associations are often distinctly segre­ gated and the specific relationships can often be accu­ rately determined. These specific plant relationships are very important and will be listed wherever possible.

When no specific relationship is known for a species, the distribution will be recorded by means of the life zone or geographic area. Specific localities have not been transferred from the notes in most cases. In the case of polyphagous species the type of plant upon which it is

•found is usually given. Some species, for instance, are

found on many types, of trees, and others on many types of herbaceous plants. "

The most distinctive leafhopper fauna is found in the

Lower Sonoran Zone. This zone includes those portions of

the western and southern part of the state which are below

about 4,000 to 4,500 feet in elevation. Typical plants

are the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata), palo verde

(Parkinsonia miorophylla), mesquite (Prosopis velutina), and the desert grassland.

The Upper Sonoran Zone is the richest zone in regard

to the number of kinds of leafhoppers. This zone occurs

from 4,500 feet to 6,500 feet in the mountains. J,ive oaks

pinon pine (Pinus edulis) , .juniper, sage brush (Artemisia tridentata), are typical plants, and the chaparral and northern short grassland are important plant associations in this zone.

The Transition Zone occupies a considerable portion of the state. Its characteristic plants are yellow pine

(Finns ponderosa). Chihuahua pine (Finns leiophylla). and

Gambel oak (Q,uercus gambelii). This zone usually occurs between 6,500 to 8,000 feet elevation. The Canadian Zone is of less importance in this state. It occurs between about 8,000 to 9,500 feet elevation. Typical plants are

Douglas fir (Fseudotsuga taxifolia), white fir (Abies conoolor), Mexican white pine (Pinus strobiformis), and aspen (Fopulus aurea). The Hudsonian Zone is very meagerly represented in the state and in our material. It is char­ acterized by Engelmann spruce (Ficea engelmannii), bristle- cone pine (Pinus aristatq) and corkbark fir (Abies arizonica).

For further information on the vegetation .of; Arizona, the works by Nichol or Phillips are recommended.

The data on food plant relationships is important in several different ways. Many new varieties can be collected only if careful attention is paid to food plants. This is one of the reasons that Dr. Ball has collected such an

enormous number of new species in areas that had previously been considered well worked. •

One of the uses of the records will be in connection with work on plant disease transmission. A number of rather -6-

important diseases are spread by leafhoppers and their control often depends upon a knowledge of the.host plants.

For example, peach yellows was a very important disease on peaches in the east; although it was one of the earliest virus diseases studied, the insect vector was not found until

1933 (Kunkle). For several years the Boyce Thompson Insti­ tute had been trying to find a vector of this disease They had collected and tested all of the insects found associated with peach trees. Finally a single specimen of the leafhopper IJacropsis trimaculata was found.

This species had been reported upon wild plum (Prunus american) by Ball (1903). Nearby wild plum trees yielded ; ample material to prove that this.leafhopper.was the vector.

Next to the Aphidldae the leafhoppers are the most important group of insects involved in the transmission of virus diseases of plants. The most important vector of a virus disease in the western, United States is

Sutettix tenellus the vector of curly top of sugar beets and other plants. Macrostelis divisa carries the destructive disease aster yellows to many important crops. Thamnotettlx geminatus and Thamnotettlx montanus also carry this disease

in California. Cicadula mbila and Perigrinus maidis transmit corn viruses. False blossom of the cranberry is

•spread by the"leafhopper Euscells striatulus. Nephotettix closely related to and ’having- the■ same- habits as our

Exltianus exltlosa spreads the stunt disease of rice in

Japan. Aceratagallia sangulnolenta is the vector of ' potato dwarf. All these are examples of a type of damage which is quite important in this state and in which food plant selection plays an important part.

Our native leafhoppers are important both from the

standpoint of disease transmission and direct damage to

crops because they often change over from their native hosts

to cultivated crops. A great many of our serious pests

have made this transfer. For example, two of our most impor­

tant pests on grape, Srythroneura varlabilis and Dikraneuria

cockerelli. have moved over from the native wild grape.

Empoasoa abrupta. E. fabae, Draeculacephala mollipes,

Stictocephala festina, and many other important pests are

native insects. The leafhoppers are much more important

on both cultivated and range members of the grass family and

other plants, than is ordinarily- realized, because of their

small size.

This paper contains references to the descriptions of

the leafhoppers. The University of Arizona has rather a

complete reference collection and identification can be done

by direct comparison in many cases. Rather complete bio­

logical records were entered on cards but only pertinent

data are included in this paper. The photostatic copy of —8—

the Ball notes may also be used in connection with this condensed list.

The. catalogues of Van Duzee (1917), Funkhouser (1927), and DeLong (1936), have been extremely useful in their respective groups. Mr. Oman of the National Museum has given considerable assistance particularly in the classifi­ cation of some of the higher groups. Dr. Beamer of Kansas

University, E. P. Van Duzee of the California Academy of

Science, Dr. De Long and Dr. Knull of Ohio University have all contributed in one way or another to this study. ' A number of local workers have contributed material to the

Ball and the University collections, which was used in this paper. They include Owen Bryant, A. A. Nichol, Dr. C. T.

Vorhie-S, Dr. L. P. V/ehrle, Dr. Y«VJones, Dr. R. B.

Streets, F, H. Parker, Robert Crandall, and D. K. Duncan.

Many of the plant determinations were made by Prof. J. J.

Thornber, Dr. R. A. Darrow, or Dr. Lyman Benson. DISTRIBUTION AND FOOD PLANTS OF ARIZONA SPECIES

Family QICADELLIDAE

This family,consists of the true leafhoppers and is the la rgest.and most important of.the families included in this paper1 The species are mostly small slender insects with the antennae inserted in front of and between the eyes; usually with two ocelli: and the hind tibiae with a double row of spines. These insects are active jumpers in all stages and the adults also fly freely. Like other members of the order these insects pierce and suck out the juice of plants.

. < Subfamily PAROPINAS

. . KOEBELIA Baker Psyche, 8:76, 1897. :

irrorata Ball, Can. Ent., 41:185, 1909.

This species is.found at elevations ranging from 5,700 feet to 8,000feet at:.’Williams (type) , Glenn Oaks,

Long Valley, and the San Francisco Peaks on yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa). Taken from May to August.

Occurs in the Chirlcahua Mts. on Pinus leiophylla.

Found from May to September. The Y.M.C.A. campwas the lowest

elevation at which it was taken."

-9- —10“

' . . Subfamily AGALLHIAE

AGALLIOPSIS Kirk.

Haw. S. P. a . Exp. Sta. Bui., 4:65, 1907.

Oman, U. A. D. A. Tech. Bui., 231, 1931.

Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 29: 650-655, 1936. cervina Oman, Op. cit., p. 16.

There is a single Arizona specimen taken from Quercus oblongifolia in the Santa Rita Mountains by Beamer in June

Other specimens are listed from Texas (live oak), Kansas, and Florida. Taken in June or July. dubiosa Oman, ibid., p. 18.

This is a rare species found on Pinus leiophylla in the Huachuca Mts.(type locality), Chiricahua Mts., and

San Francisco Peaks. The adults were taken from July to

October. The nymphs were found on the tips of the twigs in July and August . -: ’ fusoosignata Oman, Ibid., p. 15.

Found on western mulberry (Morus microphylla)at Granite Dells (type locality, Patagonia, Nogales, and

Sabino Canyon. Taken from June to July. fuscosignata var. minor Oman, Ibid., p. 16.

This form occurs on the desert hackberry (Celtis pallida). Found at Tucson (type locality), Nogales,

Baboquivari Mountains (Olneya tesota), Superior, Apache 11-

Junction and Indio, California. The nymphs appear in late

June but some specimens may be found at all times of the year. hauohucae Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372:14, 1933.

Described from the Huachuca Mountains (August 2). Oman says that this may be a shrub feeder. novella (Say),Jr. of the Acad. Nat. Sci. of Phila.,6:309^1831*

Oman states that this species is the only one of the genus which occurs so commonly as to be of economic import­ ance to crops, and that only in the eastern part of the

United States. There is a specimen taken at Long Valley at

7,000 feet elevation in the undergrowth under willows. It commonly occurs in the tangled undergrowth of deciduous forests and no definite food plant is known. novellina Oman,Jr. Bans. Ent. Soc.,8: 13, 1935,

This species is found on Juniper (commonly on J. paohyphloea). The distribution extends from the Tumaoaoori

Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains (type locality), Huachuca

Mountains, Chiricahua Mountains, Santa Catalina Mountains,

Sierra Ancha Mountains, to (Oman) northern Arizona, New

Mexico, Utah, Idaho, and Oregon. March to September.

saxosa Ball. Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 291649, 1936.

Nymphs and adults have been taken only from the Little

poke vfeed (Rivlna portulaccoides) growing in the deep shade

of cliffs at Patagonia and in the Tumacacori Mountains.: Taken

from May to October. -12-

variebilis Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372:22, 1933.

This very distinct species is, like A. novella, found on low herbs. It is most commonly found, both nymphs and adults, on the sticky vine four-o'clock (Mirabilis glutinosa var. gra­ cilis) . Other plants such as Verbena and Mimulus may be hosts.

Found in the Santa Rita Mountains, Patagonia, Santa Catalina

Mountains, Roosevelt Dam, Glenn Oaks, Granite Dells, Tinajas

Altas, California, Utah, and Colorado.

Chiricahua Mountains under pine and juniper in a meadow, in September. A large, dark species. AGALLIA Curt. Entomological Monthly Magazine, 1:193, 1833.

Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372, 1935.

atra Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 27:454, 1935.

This leafhopper has been found at Patagonia (type locality),

Baboquivarl Mountains, Atascosa Mountains, Santa Cruz River,

and Mexico. It occurs on low herbs and vines in shaded areas.

Collected in July and August. ' barrati Ball, Psyche, 9:128, 1900.

Found in Mexico, Pima County, and Tucson in June to August.

In Tucson it is a pest on white clover, in lawns. bidactylata Oman. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372:42, 1933.

Found in Santa Rita Mountains (type locality), Chiricahua

Mountains, Huachuca Mountains. On low plants at rather high elevation (Littleshot Cabin). -13

guadrlpunotulata subspecies exoayata Oman. Ibid.

The species Is a very Important crop pest In the northern part of the country. The subspecies has been found in New Mexico, Tucson (type locality), Phoenix, Patagonia,

Baboquivari Mountains, Ghiricahua Mountains, Huachuca Mount­ ains, Santa Catalina Mountains, Wickenburg, Granite Dells, and Long Valley. The specimens are found on low weeds and grass sometimes breeding on giant ragweed, Ambrosia phj- lostachjra and a composite. The insect is apparently more common at high elevations but has been taken as low as

Phoenix.

CERTAGALLIA Kirkaldy

Hawaiian Sugar Planter's Ass. Ex. Sta. B u ^ 4:61, 1907. aplopappi Oman. U.S.D.A, Tech. Bui., 372:68, 1933.

Found on Haplopappus sp. in Pima County (type locality),

Tucson, Phoenix, Tempe, Benson, Mescal, Santa Rita Mountains,

Santa Catalina Mountains, Baboquivari Mountains, Yarnell Hts., and New Mexico. This is one of the most common species.

bigelovlae (Baker), Psyche,? (supple. 12): 26;1896.

This may not be a simple species. Oman says it is probably found on Chrysothamnus; Ball says snakeweed. There

are specimens from Congress Junction, Santa Cruz River,

Yarnell Hts., Prescott, Yavapai County, and the Grand Canyon.

Also found in Texas, Kansas, Utah, and Idaho. -14-

doadia Oman, U.S.D.A. T 6 o h ^ B u l 372: 68j 1933.

This is another very common species. The host is Suaeda.

Taken at Yuma, Phoenix,. Tucson, Sacaton, and Santa Rita

Mountains. Also found in California, Nevada, Colorado, Texas. grlsea Oman, Jr. Kans. Ent. Soc.^ 8: 14, 1935.

Collected on Eriogonum wrlghtii in the Huachuca Mountains

(type locality) in July. lobata Oman. U.S.D.A. Bui., 372:67, 1933.

Ball found on shake weed at Glenn Oaks and on Eranseria dumosa at Sacaton. It has a rather general distribution.

Oman reports it in Nevada, California, Utah, Ashfork, Oak

Creek Canyon, Prescott, Sacaton, Santa Rita Mountains,

Yarnell Ets., and Yavapai County. Taken from July to October. nubila Oman. Jr. Wash. Acad. Sci., 29: 532, 1939.

Collected at V/ickenburg only in June and August. ovata (Qmap)-.'Jr•..Kans• Ent. So^.^ 8:14, 1935.

Collected at Yarnell Ets. and Mojave, Calif. Oman says it probably breeds on Chrysothanmus. . pudica Oman. Jr. Wash. Acad. Sci., 29:534, 1939.

Tucson (type locality), and Hualpai Maintains. Taken from June to July. (May be from Suae'da, (Oman)). vastitatus Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372: 69, 1933.

Host, Pluohea sericea. Oman reports, from Littlefield, and Yuma as well as Utah, Nevada, and California. -15

Species collected Oracle in July probably from

Erlogonum wrightii. AGERATAGALLIA Kirk.

Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association Exp. Sta'. .Bui., 3:31, 1907. abrupta Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372:52, 1933.

Described from Yuma. Euphorbia may be the food plant. caloaris Oman. Ibid.,p. 49.

Oman states that this is the common species on sugar beets and other cultivated crops in the arid and semi-arid regions of northern Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Texas and

Kansas. curta Oman, Ibid.,p, 65.

Found on Hymenoblea monogyra in Tucson (type locality), and Mescal in June and July. ■ ■■■ - ■■ - ' . V ... . V - . : Gillette! Osborn and Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., 7:60, 1899.

This is an extremely common insect on many low plants

such as annual Atriplex and crops. Found in Phoenix (type

locality), Tucson, Patagonia, Santa Rita Mountains, Santa

Catalina Mountains, Texas, and Mexico. Found most abundantly

in spring. It was breeding in January on Franseria cordifolla

and other weedy plants. It occured in large numbers on chichory

at Marana (L. P. Wehrle). 16-

helveola Oman, U.S.D.A. Tech. Bui., 372:p. 54, 1933.

Found In Nevada, California, Tucson, and Benson. Atriplex canescens and other species may possibly be host plants (Oman). nana Oman, Ibid,.1933.

Found in Santa Rita Mountains (type locality), Nogales,

Huachuca Mountains, Baboquivari Mountains, Chiricahua Mount­ ains, and Santa Catalina Mountains. Found mostly on annual

Atriplex and dock. lyrata (Baker), Psyche, 71199, 1898.

Found in Calif,, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, (Oman) and the

Chiricahua Mountains (Khull). nitldula Oman,,Ibid. p. 52.

This species also occurs on a variety of law herbs such as skunk weed (Mt. Lemmon), perrenial Ambrosia (Patagonia).

Found in Santa Rita Mountains, (type locality), Santa Catalina

Mountains, Baboquivari Mountains, Patagonia, Nogales, Yarnell

Hts., and Granite Dells.

pallida Oman, Ibid p. 47.

Found on white weed Dicoria canegqmq and Artemisia dra-

cunculoides (Huach. Mts. Oman). Occurs at Gila Bend, Yuma,

■ ; ...... ' . Phoenix, Sacaton, Baboquivari Mountains, Bright AngM, Santa

Rita Mountains,

robusta Oman, Ibid.,p. 48*

Found on Sphaeralcea munroana and SU spp. Taken at

Phoenix, Granite Dells, Williams, Patagonia, Baboquivari Mts, and Nevada* -17- sanguipolenta Prov.. Naturaliste Amada, 4: 376, 1872.

This is an abundant, injurious species in the eastern

United States and Canada. It is not important in Arizona but is widely distributed in the north and at high elevations as Granite Dells, Flagstaff, Oak Creek Canyon, St. Johns,

Williams, the Santa Catalina Mountains and Kaibab. It is most common from July to September. terseta (V.D.), Proo. Cal. Acad. Soi.,12: 172, 1923.

This is a common species on Enoelia farinose at

Tucson, Tombstone, Tinajas Altas, Catalina Mountains, Rincon

Mountains, and in Lower California. Found from March to

September. - uhleri: V.D., Can.’. Ent., 26:91, 1894.

This is an important and abundant species on crops such as sugar beets in Utah, Arizona, Colorado and

California. We have records from the Huachuca Mountains,

Santa Rita Mountains, Baboquivari Mountains, and Tucson.

It is most numerous from February to September, triunata Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 27:225, 1933.

This species was described as the representative of a new genus Ionia but is a typical Aceratagallia. It has been collected on a red mat Euphorbia at Nogales, the Baboquivari mountains, and Sabino Canyon (type locality).

bimaculata Oman.M.S.

Found in southern Arizona on Solanum. This species is

very similar to A. robusta 18-

Subfamily MACR0PSIDA2

BYTHOSCOHJS Gera,

Selbermann’s Revue d*Entomologique, 1:180, 1833. robustus (UJtiler), U.S.G. and G. Survey, 3:467, 1877.

Dr. Ball (1903) reported that this species was abundant on the salt bush (Atriplex canescens). The distribution includes Arizona, New Mexico, Colorado, and California. grandis (Ball), Can. Ent., 41:186, 1909*

Chrysothamnus is the host of this species. It is found in Colorado, and Utah as well as Arizona.

MACBOFSIS Lewis

Trans. Ent. Soc. London, 1: 49, 1835. basalis (7. D. ), Entomologies Americana, 5: 171, 1889.

Specimens of this species were taken at Long Valley

(7,000 ft) and on the San Francisco Peaks on aspen. This is a very widespread species in the northern part of the

United States and southern Canada. gerhardi Breakly, Bui. Buffalo Soc. Nat. Hist., 25:796, 1932.

The Ball collection contains specimens from.the Huachuoa

Mountains, Bisbee, Santa Rita Mountains, Patagonia, Pinaleno

Mountains, Globe, Catalina Mountains, Yarnell Hts., Payson, and Glenn Oaks, It is most commonly found on oatclaw ClA.cac.ia greggii) but is also found on Mimosa bluncifera and

other similar shrubs. May to October is the season of

greatest abundance. -19-

punotifrona 7.D., Ent. Amer., 5:174, 1889.

This is a common species in the Chiricahua and Santa

Rita Mountains in the foothills. All specimens were taken from Mesquite, from March to July. reversalls Osborn & Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Soil, 7:69,129,1898.

Described from narrow leafed willows in Iowa, and also found in N. Y., Pa., and Ohio. The Ball collection contains specimens from Patagonia and the Santa Cruz River from

Salix exigua. Specimens were taken in May.

This species was taken from cottonwoods and willows at the Santa Cruz River, Phoenix, and Patagonia (Salix exigua) in March and May.

Subfamily IDIOCERimE

IDIOCEHUS Lewis

Trans. Ent. Soc. London,- 1: 47, 1835. alternatus Fitch, Homop. N. Y. St. Col., p. 59, 1857.-

On willow at Phoenix and Yuma. Widespread in the eastern United States, Colorado, Utah, and California. amoemus V. D., Can. Ent. 26: 89, 1894.

Found on willow, cottonwood, and juniper. Ranges from the Rocky Mountains in Colorado west to California and south to Granite Dells, Yarnell Heights, Tucson, Patagonia,

Nogales, Tombstone, Huachuca Mountains, and the Chiricahua

Mountains. depictus Ball, Can. Ent., 34: 313, 1902.

Found in California, and at Naco, Tombstone, and “20 —

Nogales on willow and cottonwood. apache Ball Sc P., M.S.

Juniperus pachyphbea is the most common host plant in southern Arizona. Taken from the Huachuca to the Gila

Mountains, north to Prescott, Williams, and Utah. caliginosus Belong Sc Caldwell, Ohio Jl. of Science, 37:64, 1937.

Found on Khus ovata in California. One specimen was taken,at Tombstone in July. catalinus Ball & Parker, M.S.

Taken from the Huachuca Mountains, Santa Rita Mountains and Santa Catalina Mountains, Occurs on willow, cottonwood, and juniper. cingulate Ball, M.S.

Found in Colorado, Utah, Granite Cells, and Springerville on the narrow leafed cottonwood Populus angustifolia. coconinus Ball, M.S.

From Salix scaleriana at 9,000 ft., in San Francisco

Mountains and Chiricahua Mountains in July and August. continuus Ball, M.S.

Found in Colorado, Utah, Long Valley, and San

Francisco Mountains on quaking aspen (Populus aurea). distinctus G.

Colorado, Oregon, and Long Valley on willow. dolosus Ball, Can. Ant., 34:304, 1902. -21

On Rhus trllobata in the mountains of southern

Arizona, north into Colorado and Rew Mexico. duzei Prov., Pet. Faune Fnt. Can., 3:292, 1890.

Eastern and Kansas, Colorado, south to Upper Sonoran of southern Arizona on cottonwood. formosus Ball, Can. Snt., 34:305, 1902.

On Populus tremuloides in the mountains of southern

Arizona north to Colorado, and California. huachucana Ball, M.S.

On Juniperus pachyphloea in the Upper Sonoran of the mountains of southeastern Arizona north to Prescott and Williams. lachrymalis Fitch, 1851.

This.is a common eastern species which extends in the west to Colorado, New Mexico and Utah. Found at high

elevations.in the Chiricahua Mountains and San Francisco Peaks-on Populus tremuloides. monoliferae 0. and Ball, Proc. Bav. Ac. d. Sci, , 7:131, 1898. This is a common species on cottonwood over most of the west and south to Nogales, NAco and V.'ickenburg,

•morosus Ball. Can. Ent., 34:309, 1902.

Found on wild Ribes including Ribes aureum at high

elevations on the Kaibab and Mogbllon Plateau and north

to Colorado and Utah. —22—

nervatus V. D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., 5: 194, 1894.

This species is found in all states of the United States and in Arizona, and is widespread in the Upper Sonoran and above. Breeds on various species of juniper and cypress. nogalina Ball, MS.

Found at Naco and along the Santa Cruz River near

Nogales on Populus wislizeni. obscurinervis Ball, MS.

On black willow at Patagonia, Naco, and the Rincon Mountains.r nrovanoheri V. D., Can. Ent., 22: 111, 1890."

This species is widespread over the country on Crataegus.

Specimens taken on the Kaibab Plateau on Amelanchier sp. may be distinct. pallidus Fh., 1851.

This species like IV duzei is found almost all over the United States. In Arizona at Nogales and Granite Dells on cottonwoods. ' rondulus Ball, MS.

Springerville on cottonwood. rufus G. & B., Colo. Ag. Ezpt. Sta. Bui., 31: 80, 1895.

_ On Populus angustifolia' at Springerville, Granite Dells, and Oak Creek Canyon as well as in Colorado and Utah. snowi G. & B., Ibid., p. 79.

Granite Dells 23

tenuena a & C., Ohio Jl. Sol., 37: 163, 1937.

On Salix exigua in the Upper Sonoran in southeastern

Arizona. tontonus. Ball, M.S.

Long Talley and Flagstaff on willow. vertiois (Say), 1831. White sand bar willow Salix exigua all through

Arizona, southern California, and in Colorado.

On wild gooseberry Grossularia pinetorAia: at 9,500

feet in the San Francisco Mountains as well as Long Talley.

Subfamily ; . CICADELLININAE:. T.D.

Check List Hemip., p. 65, 1916.

ONCOMETOPIA Stal. Hemiptera Fabriciana, ~ 2:60, 62, 1869.

alpha Fowler^Biologia Central! Americana,2:232. 1899.

Widely distributed in the oak zone of the Upper

Sonoran. The nymphs are mostly found on pine, and the adults

are more widely distributed.

lateralis (Fabr.), 1798.

This is a complex species which is now being mono­

graphed by Mr. Oman, One species breeds on Yucca brevifolia.

and Y. elata. Others are more omnivorous in habits.

Essig states that the species readily attacks cultivated

crops such as apple, cotton, corn, and potatoes. 24-

HOHALODISCA Stal

Ibid., 2:60, 63, 1869. llturata Ball, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sol., 8: 35, 1901.

In the Lower Sonoran zone from southern California and

Yuma east to Roosevelt Dam and south Into the Upper

Sonoran at Nogales. July to December. Is an omnivorus feeder in washes especially on willow and Paroselo spinosa. elongata Ball, Proc. Biolo. Soc. Wash., 48:17, 1936*

occurs in the Upper Sonoran at Nogales, Santa Rita

Mountains and Huaohuoa Mountains on perrenial grass and probably other low plants. Nymphs and adults were found on

Panicum bulbosum.

NE0K0LLA dohml (Sign.), Annals della Societe Ent. France, 5*3, 792,

1855* 1

From the Santa Rita Mountains on cherry, Arbutus. and many other plants. oircellata Bak., Psyche, 8: 285, 1898.

Widely distributed in southern Arizona and north to

Granite Dells on many low plants. Essig states that it occurs on many economic plants in California. hieroglyphica Say, 1831.

This is a complex species very widely distributed in the United States. C« h. dhilopa Ball is found on desert willow; another variety is found on Brickellia. The usual food plant is willow. -25-

CIBOYIA occatoria Say var compla Fowl, Biologia 2:244, 1899•

, Found in the Santa Rita Mountains and Nogales on low plants such as Brickellia, brake fern and Amaranthus.

CICADELLA Latr. monticolla Fowler. Biologia, 2: 241, 1899.

In Santa Rita Mountains, White House Canyon on ferns in July and September in a damp situation under pines.

Described from Guerrero, Mexico.

(CICADBLLA) multilineata Fowler, Biologia, 2: 241, 1899$

Occurs in the Santa Rita , Huachuca, and Chiricahua Mount ains-south into Mexico to Jacala, Sometimer extremely abundant in all stages on Arbutus arizonicus. huachuoana Ball, Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash., 49: 20, 1936.

Found in the Chiricahua Mountains, Huachuca Mountains and Bisbee Mountains on Arctostaphylos pungens.

(CICADELLA) cucurbita Ball, Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash., 49:20, 1936.

Found at Congress Junction, Willcox, the Huachuca

Mountains, Wickenburg, and Mustang Mountains. Ball records show it to be associated with Cucurbita digitate and Hilaria mutica. SIMINIUS

sidana Ball, Ibid., p. 21.

Found feeding exclusively on the low spreading mallow 26-

Sida diffusa in grasslands at the Baboquivari Mountains,

Nogales, and Santa Rita Mountains.

HUiOCHARA

Fitch, Homop. N. Y. St. Cat., p . .56, 1851. communis Fh., 1851.

Occurs almost all over the United States on grass and sedges especially in damp places. GRAFHOCEPHAIA

VanD*, 111. State lAb., 3•28, 1877. . luoulenta Fowler, Biologia, 2: 284, 1899.

This species was described from southern Mexico and

Guatemaula. Found at over 8,000 feet in the Catalina and

Pinalino Mountains, on a cone flower.

ignava Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 49:22, 1936.

Occurs on Brickellia wrightll in Santa Rita Mountains, Catalina Mountains, and Huachuoa Mountains.

cythura (Bak.), Psyche, 8: 268, 1898.

A Lower Sonoran fora which occurs on Franseria and

other low plants in southern Arizona north to Granite Dells.

It may be important at times on cultivated crops.

DRA1CULACEPHALA Ball, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sol., 8:66, 1901.

mollipes (Say), 1831.

Specimens are found in southern Arizona on rank grass. -27-

mlnerva Ball, Florida Ent., 11:36, 1927.

Very common in Arizona on rank grass and grain.

CABNEOGEFHAIA Ball.

Fla. Ent., 11: 39, 1927.

gillettei Ball, Proo. la. Acad. Sci., 8:72, 1901.

Found in Colorado and northern Arizona in Suaeda- -

Sarcobatus areas probably on the clump grass Sporobolus

fleiulosua.

nuda -Nott., Jr. Fans. Ent. Soo., 5:107, 1932.

This is the common species in southern Arizona on

Bermuda grass lawns.

trigutatta Nott.. Ibid., 5:108, 1932.

Found swarming on salt grass fDistlohll#:; splcata) at

Saeaton and Yuma as well as southern Utah and Nevada.

BRAGONANA Ball & Beeves

Ann. Ent. Soo. Am., 20:489, 1927.

draoontea Gib., Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 56:100, 1919.

Found in the Huaohuca, Santa Rita, and Catalina

Mountains as well as Tombstone and Nogales. Feeds on oak.

GYP0NANA Ball

Ann. Ent. Soc. Wash., - 13:84, 1920.

ampliata Ball, Jr. Wash. Acad. Sci., 25:498, 1935.

Taken in high mountains of southern Arizona border.

// Usually on Onerous hypolenca but occurs also on £. emoryl. 28-

delta .Ball, Ibid., P. 500.

On Gutierrezia sarothrae and Mortonla scabrella in the C M r i e a M a Mountains (tiype locality), Ash

Fork, and Glenn Oaks north. This is an Upper Sonoran species. dorsalis Sign., 1853.

This is the corcmon large species on mesquite. F o u M in the Lower Sonoran zone north to Y/ickenbarg. nullata Ball, Ibid., P. 499.

Tak«i from silver leaf oak (Onerous faypoleuoa) in the

Santa Eita Mountains (type locality), Huachuoa Mountains, and the Chiricahua Mountains during Maroh to July. raaosa Kirk., Haw. Bx. Sta. Bui., 4:60, 1907.

This species is found just below the range of the previous speoies and in Nogales on the oal^J (Onerous omoryl and oblongifolia).

Turns®. (Spang.), 1878.

On various oaks especially Queroua utahensis and £. turbinolla on the Bagollon and Kaibab Plateau, Colorado, and eastern United States. turblaella. Ball, Wash. Acad. Soi., £5:499, 1935.

This is the common species on the chaparral oak

(Onerous turblaellaV from Globe to Williamsand Utah.

Granite Dolls is the type locality. 29-

GYPOHA Germ.1821 angulata Spgb., 1878, Ball,1935.

Found on oaks over all of Arizona north to British

Columbia and south Into Mexico# s Ignoreti Stal, 1864#.

Found on Cowania sp. over most of Arizona. signoreti var pilula Ball•& R., Ann. Bit. Soc. Am., 20:494,

1927. " "i-

Taken at Williams and UtahT on Cowania and oak. unicolor Stal, 1864.

There are specimens from Granite Dells and Flagstaff collected from Cowania stansburiana and oak. The distribution extends from Colorado to Mexico. In Colorado it is found in high grassy meadows, vilior Fowler, Biologia 2:501, 1903.

Found on Apache plume (Fallugia .paradoxm )}. in the mountains of south-eastern Arizona north to Williams. verticalis Stal, 1864.

Found over most of the state above the Lower Sonoran

Zone on low herbaceous plants. In Colorado found on

Snowberry (Symphorlcarpus).

FRAIRIAHA Ball

Ann. Ent. Soc* Am., 13:90, 1920, Ball,1935.

orizaba Ball, Ibid., 20: 496, 1927.

In Upper Sonoran grasslands north to Granite Dells. -30-

moneta (V. D. ), Calif. Acad. Sci., 12:174, 1923.

Specimens swept from Bermuda Grass in low, damp

alkaline areas and at low elevations at Yuma, Phoenix, and

Bunkerville, Nevada.

sidana Ball, Jr. Wash. Acad. Sci., 25:501, 1935*

This species has been collected on a mat-like mallow

(Side diffusa) in the desert grassland area at Patagonia and

the Baboquivari Mountains (type locality) north to Wickenburg*

"There is no question but that the coloration of this and other species of Prairiana is an adaptation to concealment in dead grass, but the food plant of this species is definitely the mallow creeping below the grass. Most of the species of this genus are more restricted than grass inhabitants usually are and it will probably be found that restriction is due to food plants beneath the grass cover." ;

subta Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Wash., 13:92, 1920.

This species is found associated with grass and

Malvastrum in Colorado. Williamson Valley, Granite Dells,

the Chiricahua Mountains, and Willcox. The types were

taken under clumps of Sohedonnardus texanus a "short grass" clump common on the plains.

PQNAMA Ball

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 13: 93, 1920.

Jr. Wash. Acad. Sci., 25:502, 1935.

Candida V.D., Froe. Cal. Acad. Sci.t~ 12:175, 1923.

"This beautiful black and white species was found as

large nymphs and adults May 17, 1936, feeding on a six-foot

white mallow (Horsfordia alata)." (Ball 1935). The record

from Tinajas Altas extends the distribution north from the Gulf 31 of California. curiata Gibson, Proc. U.5. Nat. Mus., 56:97, 1919.

Taken on a woody mat-like composite at the control station on the I&t. Lemmon road. In California Dr. Ball took the species on Eeterotheca grandiflora. There are also two records from Q,uercus oblongifolla. Arizona records are fro# the Santa Catalina and Santa Rita Mts. dohrni (Stal.), 1864.

Found on willow in the Lower Sonoran Zone along the border north to Phoenix and up into the Upper Sonoran near Patagonia,

Delong lists it from Colorado, (1936). marginifxons Fowl., Biologia, 2:302, 1909.

This -.pecies is very abundant on Rhus trilobata in the

Upper Sonoran Zone in Arizona and surrounding states. The species breeds on this plant but is found occasionally on oaks. marginifrons var. sullla Ball, P. 503, 1935.

Described from specimens taken on chaparral oak,

(£. turbinella) in the Pinal Mountains.

sonora Ball-, Jl. Rash. Acad. Sci., 25:503, 1935.

; The adults and nymphs were collected from the mallow

Abutilon incanum in Sabino Canyon in the Catalina Mts.

sanguinolenta var grisea Gibson. Proc. U.S. Mat. Mus., 56:97,

1919. This species is found on many plants such as

Slamondsia in the Upper Sonoran of southeastern Arizona north

to Granite Dells. DeLong, 1936, considers this a synonym of the 32- widely distributed Ponana irrorella (Spangb.)

XEBOPHLOSA-' Germ.

Zeitshrift fur die Entomologie, 1:190, 1839.

Lawson Pan-Pacific.Ent., 7:164, 1931.

viridis (Fabr.). 1794.

' This species is found in most parts of the United States

and South America. It occasionally appears in tremendous

numbers at lights. It probably is a grass feeder. Lawson .

has described X. robusta, X. inflate, and X. oraoilis from

Arizona but further revision of the group is necessary before

their value can be interpreted. .

Subfamily JASSHAE (A. and S.)

MEMRONIA Ball

Report of the Iowa Acad. Sci., P. 66, 1900.

Proc. Biol. Soc. hash., 50:131, 1937.

albolineata Ball, Ibid., p. 131.

Pound at very high elevations in the Chiricahua Llts.,

Santa Catalina Mts, , and "Shite l.Its. , Feeds on some type of

bunch grass under pine in Transition Zone and above.

fossitia Ball, Ibid., p. 132.

This species is distributed in the Upper Sonoran Zone

in southeastern Arizona north to Ashfbrk. There are records

from Sporobolus and Hilaria and other mat forming grasses.

Huachuca Mts. on mat grass in July. (probably Muhlenbergiaj 33-

/

XESTOCEPHALDS V.D.

Trans, Am. Ent, Soc., - 19:398, 1892.

Oman states that X. coronatus in the north breeds on a

low mat like herb and he has collected it from Rubus in the

east. Grass is probably not the true host. hrunneus V.D., Bui. Buf. Ent. Soc., 8:62, 1907.

Collected on plume grass by rock slide in White House

Canyon. Previously reported on east coast,

fulvifrons Peters, Jr. Kans. Ent. Soc. 6:78, 1933.

This Texas species has been collected in Yuma and t* ' ' ' Tucson from Bermuda grass. ■ . . ;• , ...... : nigrifrons Osborn. Maine Ag. Exp. Sta. Bui,, 238:109, 1915.

This east coast species has been taken in the Upper

Sonoran Zone of southern Arizona as well as the Lower Sonoran

Zone at Phoenix and the Transition Zone at Flagstaff and

Williams. Feeds on grass, including Bermuda grass. NIONIA Ball

Proo. Bio. Soc. Wash., 28:165, 1915.

palmer 1 (V.D,). Can. Ent., 23:171, 1891.

This southeastern species is found.at the Huachuca

Mountains, Patagonia, and Atascosa Mountain, under oaks on

low vegetation. Oman states that in Washington D.C. this

species is found associated with violets. 34-

DORYCEPHAHJS Klrsoh. Horae Societatis Ent* Rossioae, -, 4:102, 1866.

This long slender species has been taken at the Chiricahua Mountains, Huachuoa Mountains, and Tombstone,

It is usually found at the base of Aristide longiseta clumps

and on Panioum obtusum in the Lower Sonoran grass-land. This

is the same grass as D. vanduzei Ball was collected on in

Iowa. ^ HECAUJS Stal

Ann. de la Soc. Ent. de France, ser. 4, 4:65, 1864.

bracteatus Ball, Can. Ent., 33:4, 1901.

This is largely an Upper Sonoran species which extends

somewhat into the Lower Sonoran grassland. The range

extends into Colorado. The species breeds on Hilarla of

probably several species including H. rigida;

ball! Beam., Ji. Kans. Ent. Soc., 10:12, 1937.

Taken in the Lower Sonoran grassland in southeastern

Arizona. On Sporobolus airoides at Willcox (type locality)

and on Muhlenbergla porterl in the Tucson Mountains. .

SPAHGlERGIELLA Sign, 1879- mexioana Bak.. Can. Ent., 29: 157, 1897.

This species is apparently not very specific in its food -35-

habits, having been collected on many range grasses* Found in the Lower Sonoran Zone north to Phoenix and south into

Mexico and west to the Baboquivari Mountains.

PABABOLOCRATUS Fieb. 1866 attenuatus Shaw, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 5:40, 1932.

The host plant is Muhlenbergia porter! found in the

Upper Sonoran and the edge of the desert grassland in south­ eastern Arizona north to Williamson Talley. attenuatus var purpureus Ball, Bui. Brook Ent. Soc., 28:223, 1933.

This fora occurs with the species near Tucson. fenestrellus Ball. Proo. Wash. Acad. Sci., 50:130, 1937.

Collected from salt grass Dlstlchli s~ sp. at Yuma and

Calexico, California in July. major var montanus Ball, Kept. Iowa Acad. Sol., p. 71, 1900

Taken in the White Mountains at 7,800 feet. Described from an elevation of 9,500 feet in Colorado. nimbosus Ball, Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci,, 50:129, 1937.

Taken in the White Mountains (type locality) and

Flagstaff at 9,000 feet. Apparently breeds on Andropogon • • cirratus.

spadix Ball, Ibid., p. 130.

This is another species found along the extreme south

eastern border in the Santa Rita and Baboquivari Mountains.

It is_found at the lower edge of the Upper Sonoran Zone and 56

has been collected from Bouteloua sp.

viridls (Uhl.), 1877. This is a widely distributed species being found from

the Upper Sonoran Zone at Nogales north to 10,000 feet in

Colorado, Washington, and Connecticut. Ball (1897) found it

in Iowa on the wild oat (Stipa spartea) to which it was

remarkably adapted in coloration and life-history. Here it

is apparently more omnivorous in food habits, and usually

feeds on the larger stemmed grasses such as Spartina. Elymus.

and Sporobolus.

DICYPHONIA Ball

Report of the Iowa Academy of Science, p. 69, 1900.

minuta Beamer, Jl. Eans. Ent. Soc., 9:70, 1956.

There are specimens of this Rocky Mountain species from

Bisbee, and Fredonia, It may feed on Sporobolus.

ornata Baker, Can. Ent. 32:49, 1900.

Found in Upper Sonoran grasslands extending from

Patagonia north into Colorado. Ball (1900) stated that

Sporobolus oryptandrus was the host plant.

plana Beamer. Jl. kans. Ent. Soc., 9:69, 1936.

The distribution is essentially the same as the

preceding species.

ALICIA Ball

Proc. Dav. Acad, of Sol., 12:31, 53, 75, 1907.

This is a large genus with about twenty species

represented in Arizona.: Most of rthe-species feed on -37

oak, but Aligia ooulea Ball is found on the service berry in Utah.

MESAMIA Ball

Proc. Dav. Acad. Sol.,- 12:31, 59, 75, 1907. doloradensis G. & B., Colo. Ag. Sta. Bui., p. 91, 1895.

Ball (1907) reports this species as being restricted to Artemisia draounouloides. There is one Arizona specimen from Yarnell Hts. It is a common intermountain species. diana V.D., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sol., 14:410, 1925.

There is one specimen from Sabino Canyon. The Utah specimens were taken on Artemisia draounouloides. illumlna Ball, Can. Ent^, 41:80, 1909.

The adults are found on oaks such as Onerous emoryi. but the nymphs feed on some low plant. There are specimens from the Santa Rita Mountains, Catalina Mountains, and

Granite Dells, The adults are taken early in the year. prescottia Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc.,26:92, 1931.

This species has only been found at Granite Bells near Prescott. Oman states that it causes a purpling of the leaves of a low Chenopodium type plant, tarbela Ball, Ibid., p. 91.

From the Huachuoa Mountains in March and June. The host is the paper daisy.

Collected from Artemisia mexicana in the Tumacacori Mountains. •38-

BANDARA Ball Bui. Brook. Ent, Soc., 26:93, 1931. animana (Ball) ^ Can. Ent., 41:81, 1909.

This Colorado species has been taken at Oak Creek

Canyon and in the Santa Rita Mountains in the Upper Sonoran Zone. . fenestrata (Ball), Can. Ent., 34:12, 1902.

This Mexican species was taken in the Santa Rita

Mountains on brake ferns.

TWHHGIA. Ball

Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 33:7, 1901. blanda Ball, Ibid.

This is a juniper species that occurs in the south­ eastern part of the state north into Colorado and Utah. fumidus Ball, Ibid,, p. 8.

This is another juniper species which is found on the

Mogollon Plateau north into Utah. catalinus Ball, Can. Ent., 41:82, 1909.

Recorded from Arizona. magnate Ball. Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 26:94, 1931.

Pound on juniper in the mountains of the southeastern part of Arizona west to the Santa Rita Mountains. malvastra Ball. Ibid.

Widely distributed on the Mogollon Plateau. At St.

Johns it was definitely taken in all stages on a mat-like Malvastrum, . . . -39

aolltarla Ball, Bui, Brook. Ent. Soc., 31:18, 1936.

Ball collected this species on Yucca near Littlefield,

Nevada and Oman took it cm Joshua treffiat Palmdale, Calif.

/ SCAPHOIDEUS Uhl. 1889 triunetus Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 22:11, 1932.

Described from Granite Dells. The specimens •were taken

on wild grape. :

; J OSBORNELLUS Ball

Jl. Wash. Acad.,Sci., 22:11, 1932. :

(Me eastern species is definitely a brake fern species,

but most species are found in weed patches.

bifasoiatus Beamar. Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 10:97, 1937.

Found in the Chiricahua and Santa Rita Mountains (type

locality). The Santa Rita specimens were swept in a damp

shady place from grass and Mimulus.

borealis De L. & M., Am. Mid. Wat., 17:976, 1936.

This species which was described from British Columbia has been taken at Glenn Oaks and Granite Dells,

fumidus Beamer, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 10:104, 1937. :

This species was described from Colorado and is found

in Arizona at Long Talley, the Chiricahua Mountains and

the Huachuoa Mountains. Apparently Pinus ponderosa is

the host.

ignavus Ball.. Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 31:18, 1936.

Pinus lelophylla is the host of this species. It has

only been found in the Chiricahua Mountains. —40—

llneatus Beamer, Jl. Kans. lint. Soc., 10:105, 1937.

Found at Patagonia (type locality), Oak Greek Canyon, and Granite Della. Some of the Patagonia specimens were from morning glory. omani Beamer, . Ibid.

Found only at Patagonia, Occurs in the weedy areas probably on giant ragweed. • pallidus Beamer. Ibid., p. 106 Taken in the Santa Rita Mountains and at Patagonia

(type locality). This is apparently another weed inhabiting species of the Upper Sonoran Zone. ritanus Ball^ Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci. 22:17, 1932.

v Found on ferns and other low succulent vegetation in the

Upper Sonoran of the southeastern Arizona Mountains north to the Catalina Mountains. . spioatus Beamer, Ibid., 10:, 1937.

Granite Dells. tenuis Beamer, p. 98,

This is one of the most widely distributed species of the genus. Found from the Lower Sonoran Zone at Tucson to the Transition.Zone at Long Valley.

PRESCOTTIA Ball

Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 22:16, 1932, :; , brickellia Ball.

Described from Granite Dells. The host plant is

Brickellia. ; / SCAFHYTOPECJS Ball

Can. 2nt., 63:218, 1931, Ibid., 64:251-255. analia (V.D.), Broo. Cal. Aoad. Sol. 12:181, 1923.

Taken in lower California And the Tucson Mountains on ironwood (Olneya tesota)i var caataneua (Ball). Can. Snt.. 63:228, 1931.

This dark form is found in the Tucson Mountains with - the species. -: anisacanthus CBall) . Ibid., p. 222. :

Collected in Sabino Canyon from Aniatoanthus thurberi. oalliandrus (Ball), Ibid., p. 222.

This species has been found only on clumps -of fairy duster (Calliandra eriophyla) in the Upper Sonora of southeastern Arizona north to Superior. compaotua (Ball), Ent. News, 27:176, 1916.

las originally described from buckthorn(CeanothuaVsp. in northern California. In Arizona Rhamnus is more commonly the food plant. Widely distributed in the mountains of

Arizona. ’ 7",.' a

oatallnus (Ball!. Can. Ent.,41:82, 1909.

Found on reticulated oak and Tourney Oak (Quercus tonmeyh

in the mountains of southeastern Arizona,

celtides (Ball), Can. Ent., 63: 224, 1931.

The host plant is Oeltis pallida:. It is found in the vicinity of Tucson. . -42-

desertanus (Ball), Ibid., p. 225.

Bur sage (Franseria deltoidea) is the host plant.

Tucson is the type locality and the species is found in most parts of the Lower Sonoran Zone. dpdonanus (Ball), Ibid,* p. 225# .

The shrub (Dodonaea viscose var angustlfolium) is the host. The leafhopper has only been found in Sabino Canyon. elegans var glennanus (Ball), Ibid., p. 220.

Found throughout Arizona feeding on the live oaks especially Quercus turbine11a and £. oblongifolia. fuscifrons (7.D.), Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., 5i206, 1894.

This species is confined to buckbrush (Ceamothua fendleri) in the Upper Sonoran and Transition Zones of

Arizona and California. granetlous (Ball)• Can. Bnt., 63i226, 1931.

Has been collected on Wild grape at Prescott (type locality), Williams, and the Hualpai Mountains. guterranus (Ball), Ibid., p. 227.

,:Nymphs and adults were found in abundance on Gutierrezla californioa in northern Arizona. The southern and low altitude record is Safford and the highest elevation is

Williams. Yamell Hts# is the type locality. heldoranus (Ball), p# 226.

Found breeding abundantly on the wild rubber plant

(Parthenlum Incanum) in the Bimchuoa Mountains. -43-

iiytnenocleae (V*B.)» Cal, Acad. Sol., 12:178, 1923.

This lower Californian species has been collected at

Tucson. Hymenoclea salsola is the host plant in both areas. irroratus (V.D.}, Ann# Bit. Soc. Aun., 3:227, 1910.

The plant food of this species has not been determined although it has been collected.on weeds, This is a Calif­ ornia species found in the Lower Sonoran Zone in Arizona.

Van Duzee (1923) records it from the vine Vaseyanthus insularls in.Lower California. var. nogalinus (Ball), Can. Ent.,63:226, 1931.

This variety has been taken on the blue oak and other oaks in the Santa Rita Mountains, It undoubtedly flew up

to the oaks from some low plants, loricatus (V.D*), Bui. Buf• Soc. Nat. Hist., 5:205, 1894. This is a very widely distributed species which is usually found in damp shady places. It was found breeding

on Baooharis glutinosa in the vicinity of the Santa Rita

Mountains.

nasutus (V.D.j, . Ibid., 8:64, 1907.

Nymphs and adults were taken in abundance on cliff

rose (Cowania stansburiana) in Utah and northern Arizona.

nigricollis (Ball), Ent. News 27:205, 1916.

Breeds in abundance on creosote bush tlarrea trldentata).

nigriv&ridis (Ball), Ibid., 20:163, 1909.

Very common breeding on Hymenoclea monogyra in southern Utah and Arizona, -44-

var, dixianus (Ball), Ibid.

From Hymenoclea salsola in the same region. ritanus (Ball), Can. Bnt., 63:221, 1931.

On the live oaks of,southeastern Arizona, especially

Onerous oblonglfolia and Onerous emoryj. torridus (Ball), 3nt. News 27:205, 1916.

This species is abundant on creosote bush (Larrea tridentata) trilineatus (Ball) Ent. News^ 27:204, 1916.

This species was originally described from California.

It is fairly common in Arizona on Rhus trilobata. It is most common in northern Arizona. xanthanus Ball, Can. Ent., 63:225, 1931.

Found on Franseria oordifolia in the rocky hills of the

Lower Sonoran Zone. SP. ■ j From oak in the mountains of. southeastern- Arizona.

. • FLEXAMIADeL. - Ohio• State Univ. Studies, 2:22, 1926. : abbreviate (0. and Ball), Proc. Iowa. Acad. Sci., 4:206, 1897.

This is a common species in the prairie region of the

Mississippi Talley and the Upper Sonoran and Transition in

Arizona. Ball reported the food plant to be Boutelona hirsute

in Iowa. areolatus Ball, Bnt. News, 31:188, 1899.

Found on grasses in Arizona and most of the eastern states doeringae Beam, and Tut., Kans. Bnt. Soo., 7:3, 1934.

In the mountains of southeastern Arizona east to the

Huachuoa Mts. (type locality) and north to the Catalinas. flexulosua Ball, Can. Bnt., 31:189, 1899.

Northern Arizona, Colorado, and Utah south to the Chir- icahua Mountains. Apparently most common on Arlstlda sp, penemodicus Beam, and Tut., 11. Kans. Ent. Soc., 7:3, 1934.

• Perrenial grasses in southeastern Arizona and Colorado.

Willcox is the type locality. ritana • Beamer, Can. Ent., 68:257, 1936.

A small species from southeastern mountains.

A large species from Nogales and the Tumacaoori Mountains. refexius Osb, and Ball, Proc. Iowa Acad. Scl. 4:203, 1897.

This is a common midwest species which is also found in the mountains of southeast Arizona. stylatus Ball, Can. Bnt., 31: 190, 1899.

Found in the prairie states south and west to Tf ill lams,

Arizona. The latter specimens were from Bouteloua gracills. -46

LA.TUHJS DeL. and Slees.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:87, 1929.

uncinatus Beam, and Tut., Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 7:6, 1934.

Found in the southeastern Arizona Mountains and

adjacent New Mexico, The Santa Rita Mountains are the y type locality.

BAUDS DeL. and Slees.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:85, 1929.

bilineatus G. and B., Hemip. Colo., p. 85, 1895.

Found in the northern elevated part of the state and

from California to Iowa. All the species of this genus live

on sedges or coarse grasses of the fresh water marshes and

all occur in northern habitats.

"POHHAMIA DeL.

Ohio Univ. Studies, 2:46, 1926.

All members of this genus feed on grass.

interruptus (DeL.), Tenn. State Bui*, 17:51, 1916;

This eastern species is fairly common in southeastern

Arizona in the mountains.

incerta Beamer and Tuthill, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 7:6 1934.

Found in the Baboquivail Mountains (type locality),

Huachuoa Mountains, and the Catalina Mountains,

Btulticella B. and T., Ibid., p. 14.

Southeastern mountains north to Granite Bells in the Upper Sonoran Zone. -47-

ritana• B« and T., Ibid., p. 11.

Santa Rita (type locality).and Huaohuoa Mountains. sabina Rand, T., Ibid., p. 15.

Sabino Canyon (type) and Nogales. santanus B. and T., Ibid,, p. 12.

Santa Rita Mts. (type) in the Upper Sonoran Zone at

Rosemont Station. . . singularis B. and T., Ibid., p. 13.

Southeastern mountains north to Granite Dells in the

Upper Sonoran Zone. Santa Rita Mts. is type locality. tantilla Rand T., Ibid., p. 10.

Found near the Santa Rita Mts. (type) and Mustang Mts.

in southeastern Arizona in the desert grassland., , yavapai Tuthill, Jl. Kas. Ent. Soc., 3:45, 1930. .

In the Lower Sonoran of extreme southeastern Arizona, east to the subtropical region of Texas.

incerta B. and T., Jl. Kas. Ent. Soc., 7:13, 1934.

Desert grassland at the Baboquivari Mts. on curly mesquite (Hilarla belangeri).

REBECEPBALUS DeL.

Ohio State Uhiv. Studies, 2:58, 1926. -V - : ■ . , v All members of this genus live on grass,

belli Beamer, Can. Ent., 68:252, 1936.

Collected in Cochise, Arizona in August by Beamer. - 48-

merus Beamer, Jl, Kans, Ent. Soo., 10:61, 1938.

Faraway Ranch in the desert grassland near the

Chiricahua Mountains.

obesus 0. and B., Proo. Dav. Acad. Sci., 7:81, 1898.

Found in the Lower Sonoran at Phoenix and in Texas and

Mexico. The Phoenix specimens came from Bermuda grass.

scriptanus Oman, Proo. Ent. Soo. Wash., 36:77, 1934.

From Mustang Mts. and Pearce in the Desert grassland.

• . .. * ' signatlfrons 7.D., Trans. Am. Ent, Soc., 19:305, 1892.

Widely distributed in the Rocky Mountain area north to

Montana and east to Iowa. Found in the Setarla-Panicum

Association according to Ball.

rostratus B. and T., Univ. Kans. Sci. Bui., 36:534, 1935.

This Kansas species M s been found in Flagstaff in the

short-grass area.

sexmaoulatus Gillete and Baker, Hemip. Colo., 88, 1895.

Ball states that this is a mountain meadow species. It

has been found on the Kaibab. Plateau and the San Francisco.

Peaks in Arizona as well as Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming. "

LAEVACEPHALUS DeL. Ohio State Univ. Studies 2:64, 1926.

arldus Oman, Proc. Ent.'Soc. Wash., 36:77, 1934.

From Chino Valley north of Prescott in the Upper ’ Sonoran Zone. auratua (G. and B.), Hemlp. Colo., 85, 1895.

This species is always fotlnd on iris (Iris missoarlensia) in the high mountains from the Chirioahua Mts. north into

Montana. - ■ tritus B. and T., Op. cit.

This species is found from 4,500 feet at Patagonia to

9,000 feet in the Catalinas and east to the Chirioahua;Mts.

(type). AMPLICEPHAISS De L. t Ohio State.Univ. Bile, 11:83, 192#. oonoentrious (7.D.) Bui. Buf. Sox. Hat. Hist., 5:208, 1894.

This/is a Colorado and Utah species which has been found

in a mountain meadow at 7,800 feet in the White Mountains. atasoosa Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 31:19, 1936.

Collected on Bouteloua ourtlpendula in the Turnscacori

Mts. in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

DBLTOCEFHALUS Buna: 1838

Like the six preceding genera this is a grass feeding group. minutus 7. D., Entomologies Americana, 6:96, 1890.

This species has been taken in the Lower Sonoran Zone in

Arizona. The range extends from California to Iowa,

sonorus Ball, Can. Ent., 32:344, 1900.

Ball originally described this species from Tucson, but

it is found over most of the southern part of the United States Arizona specimens have been taken from Yuma to the top of the

Catalina Mts. -50-

vanduzel G. and B., Hemip. Colo., p. 90, 1895.

This is another ubiquitous species in the western

United States.

LONATURA Osb. and Ball m v . Acad. Sci.v 7:83, 1898. salsura Ball, Can. Ent., 31:310, 1899.

Our only Arizona record comes from Safford where it was abundant on salt grass (Distichlls strict#).

There are at least four undescribed species in the

Ball collection. This group will be worked taxonomically in

the near future. The group is rather important as pests of

certain range grasses.

XBTOKIA Ball Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 28:224, 1933.

elongate Ball, Ibid.

Muhlenbergia dumpsa is the host plant of this unique •

species. As yet it has only been found in Sabino Canyon.

GULETTIELIA Osb.

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 23:689, 1930.

G. labiata and G. atropuncta are found on grasses in

the state. However, this and the next genus are being

revised by Ball and Beamer so there is little use of discussing them here. 51-

ATHYSAHEIM Bak.

This is undoubtedly the most Important of the leaf- hopper groups on the western range grasses. , These leafhoppers occur in tremendous numbers and do much serious damage.

There are at least sixty species which are being included in the Ball and Beamer paper.

DBIOTOHS&. Osb. and Ball

Proo. Dav. Acad. Sci., 7:87, 1898. vittata Ball, Can. Bnt., 35:231, 1903.

Taken in the Upper Sonoran east to Texhs and northeast to Kansas. Apparently the host plant is Gutterrezla upon which the nymphs and adults can nearly always be found. ' vittata var nigra Lawson, Ann. Bnt. Soc. Am., 21:456, 1928.

This is another Upper Sonoran insect like the preceding.

It is also found at St. Johns and east to New Mexico and south to the Catalina Mts.

• UNOKA Lawson

Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 21:458, 1928. ornata Gillete,

Lawson says that it is a species feeding on the short grasses of the prairie in Kansas. Ball has associated it with

Sporobolus oryptandms in Arizona. The southern limit is the Huachuca Mountains, but it is most common in northern Arizona east into Kansas. Wickenburg is the lowest elevation at which it has commonly been taken. -52-

ATHYSANUS 1838

frigidus Ball, Ent. News 10: 172, 1899. This species is found in northern Arizona and the surrounding states north to Idaho. It is strictly confined

to Artemisia frigida. EXITIANUS Ball

Trans. Ent.Soc. Am., 55: 5, 1929.

obscurineruis (Stal), 1858.

This ubiquitous species is found throughout the United

States and most of South America. It feeds on grasses and may

cause serious damage. It is closely related to Nephotettlx

apicalis which transmits the stunt disease of rice in Japan.

(Oman.) Osborn says the infestations start on Bermuda grass.

picatus Gib son, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 32: 26, 1919.

This species apparently is confined to Bermuda grass in

Haiti according to Mr. Oman. In Arizona it is also collected on several other grasses in damp shaded situations along the

Santa Cruz River from Tumacacori to Nogales and Patagonia.

The distribution includes Mexico and the West Indies. Ball

considers Digitaria sanguinalis to be the most important host.

LIMNIOTETTIX striolus (Fall.)

This holarctic insect has previously been known as far

south as Colorado. There is an interesting record in the

Ball Collection from the Gila River near Sacaton. It was found

on a dog hair Eleocharis by the water edge. In other parts 53

of the country it is common in swampy regions where small sedges abound. OPHIOIA Edw.

Ent. Month. Mag., 58:20?, 1922.

oalvatus Ball, Can. Ent., 27:5, 1901.

This is an intermountain species which has been taken as

far south as Fredonia. It has been taken on various shrubs

including Atriplex roaae and Chrysothaanua.

anthracina (7.D.), Can. Ent., 26:13©, 1894.

This is a northeastern species which extends west to

Colorado and high elevations In northern Arizona.

COMMUHJS Osb. and Ball

Ohio Naturalist, 2:245, 1902.

sexvittatus (7.D.), Can. EntM 26:93, 1894.

Found in northern Arizona, Colorado, and Montana in the

Transition Zone.

Northern Arizona

STIREL05 Os. and Ball

Ohio Naturalist, 2:250, 1902.

beameri. Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 28:226, 1933.

From the Santa Bita (type), Tumaeaoori, and Huachuoa

Mountains in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Has been taken from

And.ronoKon sp. and other similar grasses,

bicolor (7.D.), Can. Ent., 24:114, 1892.

This is a very widely distributed leafhopper in the -54-

south and east extending west into Arizona. In Iowa, Ball found it most common on Andropogon seoparlua. but it is much more widespread. In Arizona it is found on the more succulent grasses such as Setaria and Bermuda grass in damper places in the south* - obtusus (V. D.), Can. Ent., 24:115, 1892.

This species is distributed throughout the south and

Southwest but is found in Arizona in the south and is not common. It has much the same food habits as S. bicolor.

BEHSSTIRELHJS Beam, and Tut.

JT. Kans. Bnt. Soc., 7:21, 1934. oatalinus Beam, and Tut.

This species has been found only in Sabino Canyon and the border district near Nogales.

EUTBTT2X V.D. Psyche, 6:307,' 1892.

gemmata Ball MiS...... f.1 " . ■ » ' ' m Upper Sonoran from Superior north to the Prescott

region. The adults have been taken from Eriogonum wrightii and Quercus turbinella*

glennana Ball, Fla. Ent., 15:2, 1931,

Taken on many trees and shrubs from the vicinity of

Glenn Oaks (type), and the Santa Rita Mountains. It occurs

at the lower edge of the Upper Sonoran and probably feeds on some low plant, ~ ~ 55-

gonlana Ball, Ibid., p. 1.

Occurs in the Upper Sonoran in southern Arizona. Ball says there is no question that Mimosa biuncifera is the food plant. Patagonia is the type locality. querci G. and B., Hemip. Colo., p. 101, 1895.

The nymphs and adults are confined to oaks in Arizona,

Utah and Colorado.

At Tombstone on oak.

ATAUUS kinoanus Ball, Bui.Brook. Bnt. Soe., 51:71, 1936.

Found in the Lower Sonoran Zone south to Kino Bay,

Mexico. This is a representative of a South American genus according to Oman. Found on many shrubby plants but mostly on mesquite.

OPSIUS stactogalus Fieber.

Harding, Jl, Fans. Ent. Soe., 3:7, 1930.

This species is very common on Tamarix. It is most important on T. gallloa. The presence,of the egg parasite

Polynema saga and winter pruning reduce injury from the leaf hopper. tenella (Baker), Psyche, p. 24, 1896. Zutettlz tenella is very common over most of the arid part of the West and in xerophytio situations in Florida,

the West Indies and probably South America. It is the most 56-

Important leafhopper in many places because of the trans­

mission of the disease "curly top" to many plants,

incidence of the disease may be reduced by destroying the

leafhopper In the field or breeding grounds or by destroying the weeds upon which it multiplies. The insect is also

present in Asia where it is probably native,

NORVELLINA Ball

- Fla. Ent., 15:2, 1931.

albida Ball, Can. Ent., 32:203, 1900.

This is ohe of the less common species on salt brush.

Ball (1909) states that Atriplex confertifolia is the food

plant. It is also found on other species including A. canes-

pens and A. garrettei in southern Arizona. The range extends

north into" Colorado and Utah.

amanda Ball. Can. Ent., 41:82, 1909.

In the Upper Sonoran Zone on Juniperua pa'chypfaloea.

OLEABIANUS Ball

Ann. Ent. Soc, Am., 31:59, 1936.

annus Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 28:227, 1933.

This species feeds on desert hackberry (Celtis pallida)

in southern Arizona and Mexico.

bullatus Ball, Wash. Acad. Soi., 26:433, 1936.

m the Lower Sonoran Zone of southern Arizona, The food plant is probably mesquite. -57-

ollus Ball, Ibid.

From Upper Sonoran Zone dun the Santa Rita Mts. on low plants. rublanus Ball, Ibid., p. 432.

Tumacaeori Mts, in October and May. rudiculus Ball, Ibid., p, 432.

Widely distributed in southern Arizona up into the

Upper Sonoran Zone. Dodonea may be the food plant.

Similar to the preceding species but found on. Molina and Dasylirion NORVELLIM apaohana Ball, M?S.

Apache plume (Fallugla paradozh) } is the host plant.

bioolorata Ball, Can. Ent., 57:212, 1905.

. This striking species is found only upon Ephedra. The

range includes Utah and California. It is more common in

northwest Arizona. -

var. inflate Lindsay, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 11:114, 1938.

Also found on Ephedra in northwest Arizona, Tucson,

California, Utah and Nevada.

olarlvlda (V.D.)^ Can. Ent.., 26:138, 1894.

Atrlplez canesoens is the most common host of this

species. The distribution extends to the north in the

neighboring states. -58

insana var. coronata Ball, Can. Ent., 48;126, 1916.

Found over most of the Lower Sonoran Zone in the state. It has been taken on the saltbushes, Atriplex canesoens, A. confertifolia. and A..nuttallil. mildredae Ball. Can. Ent., 33:45, 1901.

Widely distributed in the state on juniper. In

Colorado it has been recorded from red cedar. pannosa Ball. Ibid., 24:12, 1902.

Found on several species of Eriogonum. the distribu­ tion includes the Lower Sonoran Zone of southern Arizona and southern California, numerosa Lindsay, Op. Cit.

Occurs in the Upper Sonoran Zone of Arizona and neighboring states. Reported on Sriogonum aureum by Fox and Sriogonum wrightil by Ball. It may also breed on other low plants. paupercula Ball. Can. Snt., 35:228, 1903.

Found in the desert areas of Arizona and neighboring states on annual Atriplex. perelegantis (Ball), Ibid., 33:46, 1901.

Found on juniper and cedar in Arizona, Utah, and Colorado. pulchella Baker, Psyche, 7:24, supple. 1, 1896.

Found in the Upper Sonoran Zone of southern Arizona east to Iowa. The food plant is not certain but Ball

(1907) suggests that it may be Sriogonum, pullata (Ball), Can. Snt., 33:48, 1901. 59-

This species has been taken from pine in Arizona and

Colorado. It may have flown up from some low plants, soitula (Ball), Ibid., p. 47.

In 1907 Ball said that this species bred on lambs quarter and the adults flew up to the cotton woods. Much the same situation occurs here except that other similar plants play a part in the life cycle. snowi Ball. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sol,, 12:49, 1907.

Found in Southern Arizona on mesquite (Prosopis velutlna) and occasionally on catolaw '(Acacia greggll). It appears most commonly in the spring

Yarnell Heights on Juniper in July.

- : MENOSOMA Ball Florida Ent., 15:2, 1931. v v VV acumlnatus Baker, Psyche 7:25, Suppl. 1, 1896.

Widespread on creosote (Larrea divarioata) tortolita Ball, Fla. Ent., 15:2, 1931.

Found at Patagonia (type) and the Santa Rita Mts.

,PHIEPSIUS Fieb. 1866

arizonus Osb. and Lath., Am. Ent. Soc. Am., 16:316, 1923.

condalianus Ball, Pan-Pao. Ent,, 8:89, 1931.

Found in southern Arizona on various desert shrubs.

Condalia. Lycium. Zizyphus. and Olneya appear to breed this insect. Tucson is the type-locality. 60-

var. urslnus Ball, Ibid., p. 89.

Found in about the same region, but it is more nearly- confined to Lyciusu Catalina Mountains. denudatus Ball, Can. Ent., 33:11, 1901. Found on several species of Atrlplex in the Lower

Sonoran Zone.

oarpolua Ball, Pan-Pac. Ent,, 8:87, 1931.

A triplex polycarpa, is the host, at Sacaton.

extremus Ball, Can. Ent., 33:10, 1901.

Recorded from the sagebrush association in northern

Arizona, Oregon, and Colorado. The host is not known but may be Artemisia dracunculoides.

looulatua Ball, Can. Ent., 48* 128, 1916.

There is a record from Lycium andersoni in Nevada.

Found in the desert in northwestern Arizona to Utah and

California.

lycioidea Ball, Pan-Pac. Ent., 8:88, 1931.

From Lycium and Condalia at Tucson (type) and east to

the Huachuca Mountains,

var. mojavensis Ball, Ibid.

On Lycium in southern Arizona and California.

lasoicius Ball, Can. Ent., 32:200, 1900.

Found on low herbs and weeds over most of the state

except the hotter part of the Lower Sonoran Zone. Tucson is “61—

the lowest elevation where it has been found# The distribu­ tion includes Nebraska, and Montana.' nigrlfrons Ball, Gan. Ent., 37:210, 1905.

Found on Hymenoclea monogyra over most of southern

Arizona in the Lower Sonoran Zona. stellaris Ball. Can. Ent., 48:129, 1916.

Found along the Colorado River. Recorded on Lyoium andersoni at St. George, Utah, utahnus Ball, Can. Ent., 41:79, 1909. . On Lyoium over most of the dryer parts of Arizona. vanduzei Ball. Can. Ent.. 33:9,1901.

In the Lower Sonoran Zone on Franseria deltoldea and

F. dumosa. ^ . : •-

TEXAHANUS Ball

Ann. Ent. Soo. Am., 11:382, 19M. ; x _ . cumulatus Ball. Can. Ent., 32:202, 19CX).

On Symphor^oarpos and Arotostaphylos in northern Arizona east to Nebraska. var arctostanhylae Ball. Ibid. .

On Arotostqphylos at Granite Dells north into Colorado. decorus 0. and B., Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 4:230, 1897.

This species is found across the entire eastern part of the United States and southern Arizona. Found in the Upper

Sonoran Zone in tangled grass, herbs, and shrubs where the food plant could not be determined. -62-

axoultus 0. and B., Ibid., 3:46, 1877.

Found nearly everywhere in Arizona and the eastern

United States. It must be omnivorous on low vegetation. gladius Delong, Ohio Jl. Sol., 38:41, 1938.

J. N.Kiiull collected this on the Huachuca Mts. in

August, paratypes were from Texas. inourvatus (0. and Lath.), Ann. m t . Soc. Am., 16:346, 1923.

Arizona and California. majestus (0. and Ball), Proc. Iowa Acad. Sol., 4:289, 1897.

Found in the southeastern part of the state and through the southern United States. manus Delong, Ohio Jl. of Sci., 38:42, 1938.

Khull collected this species in the Hualpai Mts.

(type) and the Huachuoas. mexicdnus (Ball), Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 16:341, 1923.

In low weeds and vegetation at Patagonia, and the

Santa Rita Mts. south into Mexico. neo-mexicanus (Baker). Psyche, 7|13, 1895.

Found in New Mexico and the Upper Sonoran Zone in

Arizona. All the records are on low weeds such as annual Atrlplex. ovatus (V.D.), Trans. Am. Ent. Soc.', 19:79, 1892.

This species is widely distributed in the West and in Arizona. The habits are about the same as the preceding species. -63

sablnus S. and DeL., Penn. Dept. Agri. Bui., 3:15, 1920.

Described from Sabino Canyon. sonorus Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soo., 31:19, 1936.

Collected from a mass of Helianthus-Artemesia-grass on

Atascosa Mt, in the Tumacacori Mts.

spatulatus (Y.D.)' Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Hist., 19:78, 1892.

Widely distributed in all border states and within ' - ■ - - - . - ...... ■ : : Arizona. ;

var. personatus Baker, Can Ent., 30:30. 1898.

Described from Arizona.

superbus V. D., Bui. Buf . Soc. Nat.. Hist., 19:78, 1892.

This species also occurs from Florida to southern

California. It is found on mixed vegetation. The only .....V v difference in the food habits that is apparent is that it is

more apt to be on alkalie plants such as Dondia.

vermiculatus Delong, Ohio Jl. Sci., 38:42, 1938. The distribution includes the Chirioahua Mts., Tucson, . 'Lr . --- - » Wickenburg, and Davis Mts., Texas. The examples were

collected by Knull from July to August.

ACINOPTERUS V.D. Psyche, 5:307, 1892.

Beamer and Lawson, Ann. Ent., Soc. Am., 31:476-488, 1938.

angulatus Lawson, Hans. Univ. Soi. B u i , 14:119, 1922.

This is a very widespread species in the southern

United^States and South America, It has been found breeding

on Euphorbia S£. and mouse ear (flressa). A Lower Sonoran -64-

insect. bakeri Lawson, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 80:238, 1927.

Found in the Lower Sonoran of southeastern Arizona east to Texas. The adults a&d nymphs were found in abundance on

Boerhaavia sp. in Sabino Canyon in September. brunneus Ball, Can. Ent., 35:231, 1903. -

This Nevada species has been taken many times in south­ ern Arizona. Suaeda is the host plant. inornatus Baker, Psyche, 7, Suppl. 1, p. 13, 1895.

This is the commonest species in the southwestern

United States. Found all over Arizona in the Lower Sonoran Zone. Apparently breeds on many low plants such as Dondia, Euphorbia, and Eriogonum. obtutus Lawson, Kans. Univ. Sol. Bui., 14:127, 1922.

Extends from Nevada to southern Arizona in the Lower Sonoran. One record is from Haplopappus. productus Lawson, Ibid., p. 122.

In the Lower Sonoran of southern Arizona and California.

Ball found it breeding on morning-glory in Phoenix. Most specimens are from Dondia. pulchellus Lawson, Ann, Ent. Soc. Am., 21:234, 1927.

This species was described from Tempe and is found over most of the Lower Sonoran Zone in Arizona. It is apparently restricted to Franseria deltoides in food habits. rubicundus Beamer and Lawson, Ibid., 31:478, 1938.

Distributed from Utah to southeastern Arizona. It is a -65

rare fona. virldis Ball, Can. Ent., 35:231, 1903.

Found over most of the western part of the United States and Arizona. It seems to be rather omnivorous In Its food habits but Is found very commonly on Srlogonum sp.

IDIOUOHUS Ball

Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 31:57, 1936.

beameri Ball, Ibid., 32:28, 1937.

Found In the mountains of southeastern Arizona. The

host is probably Chihuahua pine (Pinus leiophylla). Type

from Chiricahua Mts.

coquilletti 7.D.* Ent. Amer., 6:77, 1890.

Found in California, Colorado, and the Sonoran Zone in

Arizona. There are several records from willow which probably is the true host plant.

terminalls Ball. Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:27, 1937. This is a chaparral species. It is found on many bushes

such as Berberis, Rhus trilobate, and Arotostaphylos. Type

from Glenn Oaks.

schwartzi Ball, Can; Ent., 43:197, 1911.

This species has a more northern distribution than the

former. It also is a chaparral species. Berberis fremontll

and Heterotheca subaxillaris are recorded hosts. Also found

in Utah, Nevada, and New Mexico —66

snowl Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:26, 1937.

Found in southeastern Arizona north to the Pinal Mts.

Qalliandra eriophylla is apparently the host plant. Type from

Pinal Mts. • wlokhaml Ball, Ibid., p. 27, 1937.

Found over most of Arizona in weedy areas. At Mesa it was common in a sweet clover pasture. Eriogonum elaturn and

. '•** SolIdago trinervata are possible hosts. The type is from Mesa.

COLLABONUS Ball

Bui, Brook. Ent. Soc., 31: 57, 1936. belli (Uhler),1877. '

This is another very widely distributed insect in the

United States and Canada. It is found above the Lower

Sonoran Zone on low plants, usually in damp places. Probably

feeds largely on grasses.

van, glllettel (7.D.). Can. Ent.. 24:267. 1892.

This lighter fora is found with the species in Colorado,

Utah, and Arizona. ponderosus Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:31, 1937. The types along with nymphs were taken on Pinus ponderosa in the Chlracahua Mountains in September. 67-

CONODONUS Ball

Bui. Brook. Ent, Soc., 31:66, 1956. '

Januatua Ball, Can. Ent., 46:231, 1914.

This Is a California species which is very widely dis­ tributed in the elevated areas of Arizona. Most specimens were taken from Pinus ponderoaa which is probably the host plant.

D0J2RANUS Ball

Bui. Brook, Ent. Soc., 31:58, 1936. - atascasus Ball, Jl. Bans. Ent. Soc,, 26:342, 1936.

In southeastern Arizona east to the Huachuoa Mts. in the Upper Sonoran Zone. Type from the Tuoacaoori Mts., collected from low vegetation. dixianus Ball, Ibid.

Found in the Lower Sonoran Zone and edge of the Upper Sonoran from Utah to southern Arizona. Davis took this species on Prosopis grandulosa in Nevada. Has been taken . from Acacia and Qlneya tesota so is probably a leguminous shrub species. longulus Q. and B.. Hemio. Colo., p. 97, 1895.

This species-is widely distributed in the East and is

found in southeastern Arizona, The food habits are not known

but it seems to be found in low vegetation and probably is rather omnivorous on grass and weeds. FRISCANANUS Ball ,

Bui. Brook. Ent. Soe., 31:60, 1956. . aomdus Ball g, .

This species has only been taken at night in Tucson in June and July.

. BALLANA Delong Ohio Jl. of Science, 36:217, 1936. angula Dei;, Ibid., 37:116, 1937.

Found in the Lower Sonoran of southern Arizona. This species is confined to Hymenoclea salsola. The adults and nymphs are found most commonly in April, doubtless because this is the blossoming season of the plant. arma Delong, Ibid., p. 123.

Described from Yarnell Heights. The specimens were collected in June. atridorsum (V.D.), Can. Ent., 26:92, 1894.

This is widely distributed species in Arizona and north to • Montana. It is typically a Lower Sonoran form, and it is found almost entirely on Chrysothaanua sp. It is collected from April to September. ' : dlra Delong, Ohio Jl. of Sci., 37:122, 1937.

The host of this species if Encelia farinosa. Nymphs and adults are found in March and April most often. All

our specimens are from the southern border of the state in

the lower Sonoran Zone. Type from Tu6son. ortha Delong, Ibid.,_p. 111. Arrow weed (Pluohfea serlcea) is the host plant. The species is probably found over most of Arizona but was described from Utah. It is most prevalent in July. Extends north into Idaho in the Lower Sonoran Zone. quira Belong, Ibid., p. 109.

The white weed Tetradymla inermis is the host plant.

This species has only been found at Sunset Peak near Clifton.

This is a late season form having been taken from June to

August. repa Delong, Ibid., p. 122

Taken on Franseria dumosa at Ytima in April by Ball.

Oman collected specimens at Overton, Nevada. chiragrica (Ball), Can. Ent., 32:337, 1900.

The host of this species is H.vmenoclea monogyga. Unlike

B. angula. this species is found in the late summer in keep­ ing with the flowering period of the plant.

This species is apparently restricted to Arctostaphylos pungens in Arizona. It is closely, related to a California species on the same host.

CYPERANA Belong

Ohio Jl. of Science, 36:218, 1936. longiseta (V.D.), Can. Ent., 24:266, 1892.

Found in northern Arizona in the grass and sedges of

swampy places. The genus was erected for a group of species which fed upon such plants as Cyperus. The distribution -70

includes California and Iowa. ciliata, Osborn, Proc. Iowa Acad. Sci., 5:244, 1898.

Found on grass in damp areas in northern Arizona and most of the northern part of the United States.

ELIMANA Belong

Ohio Jl. Sci., 36:218, 1936. ovatina Ball, Fla. Ent., 12:195, 1936.

This species is the only one of the genus that has yet been taken in the state. Other species feed upon large grasses such as Elymus. Found all over Arizona in the Upper

Sonoran and Transition Zone. While it is found in grassy places generally it seems to be closely associated with Bromus.

CHLOROTBTTIX V.D. : Psyche, 6:306, 1892, luoidus (Baker), Psyche, 7:12, 1895.

This is a widely distributed species in the Sonoran

Zone in Arizona, California and New Mexico. It has been

found bn a great many plants, but it is probably an

omnivorous feeder on low plants.

lusorius (6.. and Ball)_

This is an extremely widely distributed species in the east. It has been found in the state in damp grassy areas in

the Upper Sonoran Zone and somewhat higher. It may be confined to grasses. __ 71-

aontloula Ball, M.S. -

Found in the Transition Zone on grass and sedges, usually in damp places. unioolor (Fitch), 1851. . •-

Found from coast to coast in the North and in northern

Arizona at high elevations. Most of the specimens were from low herbs like Splidago.

The White Mountains at 9,000 feet.

JASSOS Fabr. 1803 snowi Lawson, Can, Ent., 59$171,.1927.

Found over most of the state in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

The nymphs and adults are most commonly found on oak but they may be on many plants. The type is from the Santa Rita Mountains.

. . NBOCOELIDIA G. and B.

Hemip. Colo., 31;103, 1895.

Candida Ball, 1909. Ent. News, 20; 167.

This Colorado species is found also in the Lower Sonoran

Zone in Arizona. It is probably confined to Atrinlez canescens.

compta Ball, 1909. Ibid.

Widely distributed in the Sonoran Zone of Arizona and

New Mexico. It is apparently confined to Malvastrum and Sphaeralccea -72-

distinota Oman, Jl. Kems. Snt. Soc., 4:67, 1931.

This species Is found in the Upper Sonoran Zone from

Arizona to Texas. It is most common in the southeast. It is found on the fairy duster Calliandra erlophylla. fuscovittata Oman, Ibid., p. 65. -

Widely distributed in the Transition Zone. Several records are from Pinus ponderosa. but it may be found to be breeding oh plants under the pine trees, obscura Baker, Can. Ent., 30:299, 1898.

In the mountains this species is found on an extremely wide variety of the Upper Sonoran plants. Chaparral is apparently preferred, but nymphs and adults have been found on walnuts and similar more succulent plants. Some low plant such as Eriogonum may be the true host. pallida Baker, Can. Ent., 30:290, 1898.

There are several species represented in most records of this apecies. That which is listed here is found on arrow weed (Pluohea sericea). Found in the Lower Sonoran east to Sacaton.

Collected on many plants in the Sonoran Zone. reticulata Ball, Ent. News, 20:167, 1909.

This species extends from Colorado to Utah and south

into Mexico. All the Arizona specimens were taken in the morthern Upper Sonoran Zone in the chaparral on Rhamnus. -73-

trlpuncta Ball, Ent. News, 20:168, 1909.

This lined species is taken from oak high up In the

Huachuca Mts.

Taken from blue oak COnerous oblonglfolla) in White House Canyon in the Santa Rita Mts. triunata Ball, Ent. News, 27:207, 1916.

This Utah species is widely distributed in the chaparral of Arizona.

Granite Dells in October on Cowania.

From a white shrub with round leaf in Arizona near St. George, Utah.

PARACOELIDIA Bak.

Can. Ent., 30:292,1898. fusconeura Oman., Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 3:78, 1930,

Pinus ponderosa is the host of this species. The type is from the Grand Canyon, This species is rare but widely distributed in the Mdgolion Plateau and adjacent pine region. teretls Beamer, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 9:31, 1936.

Found in the mountains of southeastern Arizona on pine

(Pinus leiophylla). Specimens collected in July to September.

The type was from the Chiricahua Mountains. -74-

B4LCLUTHA Kirk.

Entontologist, 33:243, 1900. -

Bav. and Belong, Proc. Eat. Soc. Wash., 37:99, 1935.

arizona Dav. and DeL., Ent. Soc. lash., Ibid.,

The type locality of this species is White House

Canyon in the Santa Rita Mts. There are also specimens from

San Francisco Peaks suggesting that this species is "widely

distributed at the higher elevations in the state. It has been

taken from weeds in damp places.

manitou (G. and B ) , Hemip. Colo., 17:105, 1895.

This species is a northern one which is found at a very

high elevation on damp low vegetation in the state. The

distribution includes Alaska, Colorado, and Long Valley, Arizona.

punctata (Thunberg), Acta Upsola, 4:21, 1782.

This is the common European species and is very widely

distributed in North America. This species is very common

on low herbaceous vegetation in pastures, meadows, and under­

growth in wooded areas. The distribution is mainly northern

or at high.elevations from southern Arizona north into

Alaska, It feeds on grasses.

NESOSTELES Kirk- Hawaiian Ex. Sta. Bui., 1:343, 1906.

negleotus (DeL. and Dav.), OhiA Jl. Sci., 33:55, 1933. -75-

This is another grass feeding species which is very widely distributed. It is found all over the United States south to Guatemaula. Found in the Lower Sonoran Zone in

Arizona most commonly. var. pallldus (DeL. and Dav.)

This species has a more restricted and southern dis­ tribution in the United States* It has been taken as high as

Flagstaff but is .most common in the Lower Sonoran Zone.

BALBULUS Oman

Proc. Ent. Soc. Am., 36:79, 1934. montanus Oman, Ibid.

Found in the Santa Rita Mountains in the weeds and grass in a damp area in an oak-pine association. maidis DeLong and Wolcott, Jl. Dept. Agr., Porto Rico, 7:1,1923.

This is a West Indian species that is common on corn in

California. There are some specimens from Arizona, but it is not very common here. It is, however, a potential crop pest.

The species is very widespread in the West Indies and South

America. In Argentina it has been reported as destroying

&igar beets but this was probably accidental. It seems to be most important on young corn. : -

MACROSTELES Fieti. 1866

Dorst, H. E., U.S.D.A. Miso. Publ., 271:9, 1937. 76-

dlvisus (Uhl.), 1878. This species is found over most of North America.. It is capable of transmitting the virus disease aster yellows to celery, lettuce, carrot, parsley, and aster. In the East the direct feeding of this species on oats, timothy, corn, potato, and pasture grass does considerable damage according to Osborn.

SONRONIUS Dorst

U.S.D.A. Misc. Publ., 271:9, 1937.

dahlbomi (Zetterstedt).

Recorded in Colorado, Utah, California, Quebec, Alberta,

Wyoming, and Arizona. *

Subfamily TYFHLOCYBINAE Kirsch. 1868

FROTALEBRA Baker , . Psyche, 8:402, 1899.

maculata Baker, Invert. Pacif., 1:6, 1903.

Taken in Sabino Canyon and the Baboquivari Mountains on a pointed leaf mallow. P. pardalis was described from

Honduras and Hot Springs, Arizona and is a synonym. The species was described from Nicaragua,

DHRANEURA Hardy

Ball and Belong, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 18:324-340, 3 pi., 1925.

Belong and Caldwell, Proo. Ent. Soc. Wash., 39:29, 1937.

arete Delong and Caldwell, p. 29. :

Described from Red-lake, Arizona. -77-

arizona DeLong and CalcL, p. 26.

The type locality is the Santa Rita Mountains. It is found in the oak belt of the Upper Sonoran extending north to the Granite Dell region and occuring again in Colorado. cockerellii Gill., Psyche VII, Suppl. p. 14, 1896*

This is one of the most common and destructive leaf- hoppers on both cultivated and wild grapes. It is widely distributed in the state and in California, Utah, and New

Mexico. The adults apparently do not go over the winter in the adult stage as does E. variabilis. ' kunzei Gill., Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20:721, 1898,

This is a very widely distributed insect in southern

Arizona and Texas on leguminous shrubs and trees. It often becomes numerous enough to defoliate them. It is apparently most common on Acacia sp. ■ . leatis DeLong, Ohio Jl. of Sci., 38:218, 1938.

This species is only known from the type series which was collected in the White Mountains July 5, 1935, by

F. H. Parker. maculata Gillette. Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20:716, 1898. DeLong in 1937 states that this species is found only in Maryland and Louisiana. This is probably an error, as Lawson, in 1930 records specimens from Pinal and Gila

Counties, Arizona, as well as Utah, Kansas, and Texas,

These specimens were taken- by Beamer from hackberry. -78-

Mo Ate e also reported this as the host in North Carolina.

readionls Lawson, Can. Ent., 62:39, 1930.

This species was described from specimens collected in

Pima county on July 17, 1927. It has also been taken in

Gila and Yavapai Counties by Beamer.

rubens Beamer, Can. Ent., 66:16, 1934

The type is from the Chiricahua Mts. The species is

also recorded from the Huachuca Mountains.

rubica DeL. andCald., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 39:28, 1937.

The type series was collected at Grand Canyon, Arizona

in August 1930. .

santana Beamer. Pan-Pac. Ent., 12:8, 1936.

The type series was taken by R. H. Beamer at Patagonia,

it is also recorded from the Santa Rita Mts. The specimens were taken in July and August. This species is closely related to D. rubens. : .

serrata DeL.and Cald., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., 39{25, 1936.

. ...The type series was collected by R. H. Beamer in the

Santa Rita Mountains in June.

terminia DeL. and Cald., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash.,39:29, 1937.

The type series was from Oak Creek Canyon. They were

collected by R. S. Beamer in July and August.

torta DeL. and Cald., Ibid., p. 25.

The male of this species was collected in the

Chiricahua Mts. in June_by Dr. R. H. Beamer. 79-

ALCONEURA Ball and De L.

Ann. Ent. Soc. A*., 18:334, 1925.

Griffith, Univ. Kans. Scl. Bui., 24:309; 342, 5 pi.,1937. ball! Beamer, Can. Ent., 66:17, 1934.

The type series was collected by Beamer in the Santa

Rita Mts. in July. Beamer has also taken it at Ash fork and Prescott. beameri Griffith, p. 319.

Taken at Jaoumba, California and Congress Junction. comigera Griffith, p. 332.

The Holotype was taken by Beamer in the Huachuca Mts. in August. dodonana Beamer, Can. Ent.,66:17, 1934.

The type series was taken by Beamer in Sabino Canyon.

Specimens have also been taken in the Baboquivari Mts. This is a spring form which may be collected as late as July.

It is restricted to the food plant Dodonea visoosa var angustifolia. . fulminate Lawson, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 25:44, 1930.

This species was.described from Texas and Griffith reports it from Nogales. lappa Griffith, p.327. Found in the mountains of southeastern Arizona. The

type came from the Huachuca Mts.

languida Griffith, p. 330, -80

The distribution includes the mountains of southeastern

Arizona, the Mogollon Plateau and California. The type is from the Chlrioahua Mts. luculenta Griffith, p. 331.

This species was described from the Chiricahua Mts.

(type), Ash Fork, Wickeriburg, and Hew Mexico. The Ash Fork specimens were taken on Fallugia paradox it by Oman. quadrlmaculata Lawson, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 25:45, 1930.

This species has been taken in Pima County (type) and

Gila Colinty, Arizona, by Beamer. It was collected in July and August, Griffith records many other localities in southeastern Arizona and southern California. unlpuncta (Gill), Proc. U.S. Hat Mus., 20:718, 1898.

This species is found up the coast to Oregon and across the southern part of the United States to Florida. It is most common in California. Gila County and Ash Fork have been reported as localities in Arizona, var. dorsalis McAtee

Lawson reports this color variety from the Huachuca

Mts. In Florida it is most commonly found on Trima florldana according to Ball. rotundata Ball and DeL., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 18:335, 1925.

Lawson in 1930 records this Iowa and Kansas species from

the Huachuca Mountains.. -81-

EMPOASCA Walsh

Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 9:315, 1864.

Delong, U.S.D.A. Tech, Bui., 331, 1931.

Wheeler, The Nofcth American leafhoppers of the radiata group,

Jl. Wash. Acad. Sol., 29 p. 292-300, 1939. abrupta Delong, p. 48.

This species is the most abundant on cultivated crops

in Arizona and probably California. This species replaces

E. fabae in the western part of the United States in im­ portance for truck crops. It is most common on cucurbits, potatoes, and beans. The distribution includes California,

Oregon, Colorado, and Texas.

acuminata Wheeler, p. 295.

The type series of this species was collected from

Nogales, Arizona, in October by P. W. Oman.

alboneura Glllete, Proc. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20:743, 1898.

Delong states that this species is found almost through­

out the United States on herbaceous plants. Arizona specimens

from Tucson to Ash Fork indicate that the species is widely

distributed here. It is found also in Mexico. The southern

specimens were taken in April.

ancistra Dav. and Del., Ohio Jl. of Sci., 39:115, 1939.

This species was collected by Knull from Oak Sreek

Canyon (type) and the Huachuea Mts. The specimens were -82 taken in July and August, aspersa Gill and Baker, Hexaip. Colo., 31:107, 1895.

This species was recorded from California, Colorado and

Utah. Gillete records it from Artemisia tridentata and

Chrysothamnus. There are Arizona specimens in the Ball Collect­ ion from Flagstaff and Williams. bidens Del.. Ohio Jl. Sci., 32:397, 1932.

The type series was collected in the Huachuca Mts. in

June by Dr. Ball. ' cerea DeL., p. 46, 1931.

The type series was taken by Dr. Ball in Utah and

California from sugar beets. This species is widely dis­ tributed in Arizona. The Lower Sonoran specimens were taken in March and the northern ones in August, calcara DeL., Ohio Jl. Sci., 32:398, 1932.

This species was collected by Dr. Ball at Yamell Hts.,

Granite Dells, Glenn Oaks and Patagonia during July and

October. calcea DeL., Ibid., p. 395.

Dr. Ball collected the type series at Tucson in April,

May, and June. They were taken on hackberry (Celtis pallldmY which is probably the host. crepidula Wheeler, p. 294. The type series_was taken by Beamer at Oak Creek Canyon

in August. -83

diverta DeL. and Dav,, Ohio Jl. Sol., 35:31, 1935.

The type series *as taken by A. A. Nichol in the Santa

Catalina Mts. in April. dorothyl Dav. and DeL#, Ibid., 39:111, 1939,

Collected at Oak Creek Canyon (type) and Flagstaff in

July and August. elongate DeL., p. 53.

This species was described from San Juan Island, Wash., where it was found on shrubs in a coniferous forest. The species was collected in Sacramento and Spreckles, California, and Helper, Utah by Dr. Ball. He also has a specimen taken in Flagstaff in August. Pinus ponderosa or other conifers may possibly be the host. fabae (Harris).

This species is the most important leafhopper in most parts of the east. It is especially important on potatoes, beans, eggplant, clover, alfalfa, cotton, rhubarb, dahlias, and apples. The type of injury known as hopper b u m which was first associated with the insect by Dr. Ball is the common type of injury on truck crops. This species is apparently most common in low humid areas and its distribut­ ion is very spotted in Arizona and southern California. In

Arizona the species is most commonly found in the southern mountains# In southern California it is often rather common and has occassionally been very injurious to citrus trees -84- aocording to Oman. This species is capable of being a very serious pest in the state.

filamenta DeL., p. 43,

DeLong, Jl. Icon. Ent., 22:477, 1931.

This species was described from Hood River, Oregon and

Friday Harbor, Washington. From the northern coast the

distribution extends inland and south to Arizona. The species

is very abundant in the intermountain area of Colorado, Utah,

Idaho, Nevada, Wyoming and Montana where it almost is the only

species of great economic, importance. It is expeoially

common on potatoes, beans, and sugar beets. The species has

been found on many crops in California' but is nowhere important.

It appears to be important only at high elevations in the

southern part of its range. Most of the Arizona material

was taken in Williams and Ash Fork in July and August. It was especially common on Hymenoxirs fieri bun da. f ..n./ ll[-.’... ' 11'.. ". galluxa Dav. and DeL.,Ohio Ji. Sci., 39:117, 1939. Khull collected this species in the Santa Rita (type)

and Huachuca Mountains in July.

gampsoa Dav. and DeL. Ibid., p.. 118. This species .was taken on Mt. Graham (type), Pinal Mts.,

Huachuca Mts. and Oak Greek Canyon in July and August.

gelbata DeL. and Dav. Ibid., 36:225, 1936.

This species was taken by Dr. Ball on aspen at E&ibab,

Arizona, August 5, 1930. This species was described from 8 5 —

Wisconsin and Iowa.

inclda BeL., p. 21.

Described from, specimens in the Ball collection from

Vancbmrerr, B. C. There are specimens in his collection

including a wide distribution in at least the Sonoran and

Transition Zones in Arizona. The date of Collection varies

from March at Yuma to August in the Pinal Mts. and Pays on

which may partially explain the wide distribution. This

species feeds upon willow and cottonwood.

kaibaba Dav. and DeL., Ohio Jl. Sci.,39:115, 1939.

This species was collected at Kaibab, Utah (type) and

Flagstaff in June by Knull.

mesolinea Dav. and De.L., Ibid., p. 114.

Collected inthe Huachuca Mts. in July by Knull.

knulli Dav. and DeL., Ibid., p. 111.

The male was collected in the Huachuca Mts. by Knull in

September.

mexicana Gillete, Pros. U.S. Nat. Mus., 20:737, 1898.

This species was described by Gillete from Yera Cruz,

Mexico, and Marfa, Texas. E. biturba a synonym was described

from Dr. Balls material from Tucson, Yarnell Hts. and Utah

and Nevada. All of Ball's material was collected from

Gutierrezia which may well be the only host plant. All

localities are in the—Sonoran Zone. -86-

madra Dav. and DeL., Ohio Jl. Sol., 39:116, 1939.

Collected in the Huaohuoa Mts. in July by Knull. obrudens DeL., Ibid., 32:393, 1932.

Dr. Ball took the type series at Flagstaff in August.

it is confined to the locust -Bbbinia neomerlsana.

pallida Gillete, U.S. Nat.Mus., 20:741, 1898.

This species was originally described from North

Carolina where it was a pest on cotton. It has since been

taken in.Ohio, Kansas, Florida and the Huachuca Mts. by

Beamer. Dr. Ball took it at Granite Dells in August.

pallidula DeL. p. 42

The host of this striking species is Enoelia farinosa.

It is found in the desert areas, of the southern part of the

state. Sabino Canyon is the type locality. The species is only found in the spring usually in March and April,

pine11a Dav. and DeL., Ohio Jl.Sci., 39:112, 1939.

Described from material collected by Dr. Ball from the San Francisco Mts. (type), Chirioahua Mts.., and the Santa

Rita Mts. The specimens were taken from July to September.

This species is closely related to E. ponderosa from yellow

pine. Pinus flexilis. P. ponderosa. and P. stroblformis are

possible hosts.

plebia DeL. and Dav., Ibid., 35:34. 1935.

The type locality of this species is Florida. Oman

collected a specimen in Maricopa County in August, and the -87-

Bqll Collection contains specimens from Haiti. reflexa Del., Ibid., 32:396, 1932.

. . Dr. Ball collected this species in the Santa Rita Mts. in May and June. All specimens were taken from the Soapbush

(Sapindus. drunmondii). rubida . DeL., p. 39.

The types were taken at Hamilton, San Francisco, Oxnard, and Spreckles, California, by Dr. Ball. He has also taken it at Phoenix, Tucson, and the Santa Rita Mts. It is a . spring form, which is found on low composites ' . ■ rubrafocia DeL„,Ohio Jl. Sci., 32:394, 1932.

Described from specimens taken in southern Arizona by

Dr. Ball. It is found on willow. This is not a lowland species but is found in Sabino Canyon, Patagonia, Superior and similar elevations, . rubrata DeL,and Dav., Ibid., 36:227, 1936. The distribution of this species includes Utah, New

Mexico, Nevada, Wisconsin, Colorado, Iowa and New York.

There is one Arizona record from 8,000 feet in the Rincon

Mts., July 5, 1916, saluta Delong, p. 24, 1931.

The specimens collected by Baker are labeled Arizona. amaragdula (Fallen). 1906,

This species has been taken in Colorado, Michigan and -88-

Pennsylvania. It was taken-at San Franoisco Peaks in August

by Dr. Ball, This species feeds upon willow at high elevations or northern locations, unoa DeL, and Dav., Ohio Jl, Sci., 35:35, 1935.

R. H. Beamer has taken this species at the Grand Canyon

in August. It is also found in Utah.

IDONA Be L.

U.S.D.A. Tech Bui.f231:50, 1931.

minuends (Ball). Fla. Ent., 34:23. #2%. ,

Dr. Ball described this species from Florida where it

causes serious damage to avocados. Knull has reported this

species from the Catalina Mts. on walnut, and Beamer found

it on Amorpha ifrhtioosa in the Tumacacori Mts, Probably

the Arizona specimens represent closely allied species.

TTZPKLOCYBA Germ. hubbardi (MoAtee), Fla. Ent.,8:35, 1924. The type of this species was taken in the Chlrlcahtia Mts.

The species is most common at this locality and in.the

Huachuoa Mts. at about 6,000 feet elevation on a shrub

similar to Acacia.

This species has been taken at Patagonia and the Rincon

Mountains on Condalia spathulata . -89

EUFTERYX Curt* 1833 huachucae La\v.T .Pan-Pao. Ent,. 6:135, 1930.

The type series was taken in the Huachuca Mts. in

August. . ^ HYMSTTA Me A. . ' . _ • "1 Eroo. Bio. Soc. Wash., 32:121, 191% arlzonlana Fair., Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 1:90, 1928.

This species was described from Coconino County. It is every where fairly common on wild grape but does not appear to be of any importance on cultivated plants.

ERYTHRONEURA Fitch

Report of the New York State Entomologist,p, 62, 1851.

ales Beamer, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 5:124, 1932.

This species is quite widely distributed in Southern

Utah. Dr. Ball collected one pair at Patagonia, indicating that it must have a wide distribution in the Sonoran Zone

in the state.

anfraota Beamer, An. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:123, 1929.

The type series was taken in Pinal County in August

by R. H. Beamer. Dr. Ball took specimens at Granite Dells

in July from wild grape. It is an Upper Sonoran form which

is very common on grape in Arizona.

apache Baker, Phil. Jl. Sci., 27:537, 1925.

The synonymous E. ball! Beamer was described from the -90-

desert grassland of southern Arizona and Hew Mexico. The host is Calliandra eriophylla. The most northern record is the Catalina Mountains. Described from Texas.' aprlca McA., Froc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 42:132, 1924.

MoAtee described this species from the Santa Rita Mts,

Dr. Ball has taken it at Patagonia in March. Beamer records it from oak. o a mi n i Beamer. # Ann. Ent. Soc. Wash.

This is a very widespread species from Washington D.C. west to Utah and Arizona. It is found on the Mogollon

Plateau. Specimens were taken at 7,000 feet at Long Talley on Onerous utahensis. It has been taken as low as oak Creek

Canyon. Alluspecimens taken in August. ceanothana Beamer, Jl. N.Y. Ent. Soc.,42:287, 1934. •

The species has been taken in the Huachuca Mts.,

Chiricahua Mts. (type) and the Catalina Mts. The host plant is Ceanothus fendleri which occurs at high elevations in these mountains. It has been taken from June to October. oanyonensis Beamer, Am. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:120, 1929.

The type series was collected by Beamer at the Bright

Angel Trail in the Grand Canyon. They were collected in

August. casta Beamer, Ibid., f>. 118.

The host plant is Onerous toumeyl. The type series was taken on CarrPeak in the-Huachuca Mts. in August by

Beamer -91

gilensis Beamer, Ibid., p.124

Beamer collected this species in Gila (type) and Pinal

Counties in August. Beamer, 1937, states that this sp&cies is

fairly common on grapes.

grandis Beamer, Ibid., p, 127.

. This also was collected by Beamer at Oak Creek Canyon

and the Huaohuoa Mts. in August.

huachucana Beamer, Jl. N.Y. Ent. Soc. 42:287, 1934.

Ceanothus fendleri is also the host of this species. It

was taken in the Huachuca Mts. (type) and Chiricahua Mts. in

July.

llllnoiensis var. regalis Beamer, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:

125, 1929.

Beamer took the type series at Oak Creek Canyon in

August. The species is very widespread upon grape in

northern Arizona.

inornate McA., Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash., 37:132, 1924.

Ball collected the .type from Colorado. It was collected at Flagstaff on a low growing Cceanothus sp. in August by

Beamer.

klperi Beamer, Ann. Ent. Soc. Wash., 22:124, 1929.

Beamer took this species at Mescal (type) Cochise County,

Pinal County and New Mexico during July.

milleri Beamer., Ibid., p. 125. The type of the species is from Texas but it has been —92—

taken in Gila County and.the Huaohuea Mountains. nioholi Beamer, Can. Ent., 59:30, 1927.

The type was collected at 4,500 feet in the Santa Rita

Mtsv. in September and June. It is probably an oak species. obscure Beamer, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 22:117, 1929.

Beamer collected one male in the Huachuca Mts• in August. pallenta Beamer, Ibid.

Oak Creek Canyon. parviceps Beamer, Ibid.

Collected at Payson in August by Dr. Ball on Arizona walnut. pinalensis Beamer, Ibid., p. 119.

Beamer took the type series in Pinal County ih August. ritana Beamer, Jl. N.T. Ent. Soc., 42:286, 1934.

The type series was collected by Beamer from hlue oak in the Santa Rita Mts. Ball also has taken it from

oblongifolia. It is found from June to October on the trees. rubicunda Beamer, Ibid., p. 124.

The type series was taken in the Huachuca Mts. in

August by R. H. Beamer and were taken from oak. tripunotata Beamer, Ibid., p. 119.

Beamer took the most of the type series at Oak Creek

Canyon in August. Some were taken in Texas. Dr. Ball took -93-

the species on oak, probably Onerous emoryl, from March to

October. The species is common in the oak belt of south­ eastern Arizona north to Prescott. tricolor Beamer, Ibid., p. 124.

The type series was taken in the Huachuca Mts. in

August by R. H. Beamer and was ; taken from oak. variabill.-s Beamer, Ibid., p. 124.

This species is probably the most destructive species of the genus in the State. It is very common and widespread on wild and cultivated grapes. Yavapai County is the type locality. Like other members of the genus this species hibernates over winter in trash and leaves. It may be found in the spring on many plants but the nymphs develops

chiefly on grape. 94'

Family MEMBBACIDAE (Gera.)

The membracidae or treehoppers are comparatively large jumping insects compared with the true leafhoppers.

They are easily distinguished by the enlarged and prolonged prothorax which projects over the head and extends back over, the abdomen. Many species are found on trees but a large number, including our most important one, the.Lthree- cornered hopper (Stiotooephala festina), grow on low plants,

Many species cause injury. The eggs are inserted in the bark of various plants forming slits.which may cause serious injury.

Subfamily SMILIHAE (Stal.)

CERESA A. & S. 1843. ancora Ball, Jr. Wash Acad. Sci. 27:479, 1937. .

This is a large distinct species which is found for a short distance over the Mexican border to Nogales, Patagonia

(type), the Santa Rita, and Tumacacori Mts. The specimens were mostly taken from September to November. It is found on a variety of the low plants such as grape, Tigujj^a, and

Seneoio. basalis Walker, List. Homop. Brit. Mus., 12:527, 1851. This species is found over most of Canada and the 95-

northern states* Taken on willow at Long Valley, Arizona.

It may be found on many plants. Yothers in 1934 states that the only known food plants of the species in the

northwest are alfalfa and sweet clover. He reports egg

Soars on apple, peach, pear, willow, locust, and prune

trees. He states that the injury from egg soars is more

serious than that caused by any other species.

bubalus (Fabr.X Ent. Syst., 4:14: 1794.

This species is one of the most common and injurious

in the east but is rare in Arizona. The only record is from

Flagstaff. The nymphs feed on a large number of succulent

weeds as well as alfalfa and clover. Many trees such as

the apple are seriously injured by egg punctures.

taurina Fitch, 1851.

Snow (1904) recorded a specimen of this species from Oak Creek Canyon and there is a specimen which may represent

this species from Granite Dells. Funkhouser reports, this species from a large number of cultivated crops and wild plants including trees, shrubs and herbs. oocidentalis FunkhM Ent. News, 26:100, 1915.

This species was described from Imperial Valley,. Calif.

It is found in the Lower Sonoran Zone in decreasing numbers

from Yuma.to Tucson. This insect is found in the same

situations and has the same habits as the alfalfa pest,

\Stictocephala festina;, except that it is found in greatest 96

numbers at lower elevations.

STICT(X5EPH4M

Stalj Hemip. Fabr., 2:24: 1869. festina (Say), 1830.

This is one of the most important species in the state.

Alfalfa is the prefered host plant and almost all cultivated areas in the Lower Sonoran Zone are badly damaged. The species is very widespread over the southern part of the

United States and parts of Mexico and the West Indies.

While most common on alfalfa it is also found on many cult­ ivated and wild plants, especially the herbaceous leguminous plants. fulgidus Ballv Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 27:11, 1937.

The type locality of this species is St. Johns. It has also been taken at Granite Dells, aubrey Valley, and south to Douglas, Benson, and Patagonia. The range is usually within the Upper Sonoran Zone. It occurs on many plants such as Fallugia paradox* and Mimosa, but it seems to be especially common on Sphaeralcea. and Malvastrum. gillettei Coding^ Ent. News, 3:108, 200, 1892.

This species is found in Colorado, Utah and California,

In Arizona it is found in the northern part of the state west to Granite Dells and Oak Creek Canyon and south to 97

Nogales, the Catalina Mts., the Huachuca Mts, and the

Chiricahua Mts. In the south it is usually found at high elevations of about 8,000 feet. In Utah, Sorenson reports that this species causes serious damage in orchards.

It feeds largely on Lupine and other low plants inermis (Fabricius), 1775.

This form is rarely found in the state and only in the northern portion. It is widely distributed in the more northern part of the United States and southern Canada,

This species prefers alfalfa to other plants but also grows on sweet clover (Melilotus sp>)t and red clover

(Trifolium pretense), and other forage plants and weeds,

STICTOLO BOS

Metcalf. Ent. News, 27:2, 1916.

juniperinus Ball, Jl, Wash. Acad. Sci., 27:481, 1937.

This very distinctive species is restricted to Junlperus

spp. It is found in the elevated areas along the border at the Chiricahua Mts., Huachuca Mts., Catalina. Mts., Santa

Rita Mts., Tumacacori Mts., Baboquivari Mts., and at Nogales and Patagonia (type). -98-

MICRUTALIS

Fowler, Biol, Centr. Am. Homop, 2:116, 1895. parva (Coding), Bui, 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., 3:429, 1894.

Found in California, Arizona, and Lower California.

It is most commonly found on Croton. It is a flower inhabiting species. flava Godg.

Taken at Overton, Nevada by Fox on Croton longipes

Jones and at Littlefield, Arizona by Davis.

On mistletoe on shrubs such as mesquite (Prosopis) and ironwood (Olneya)

PARANTQNAE

Fowler, Biol. Centr. Am. Homop., 2:101, 1895. hisplda V. D. , Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:49, 1914.

Van Duzee collected the type in San Diego County, Calif,

on Malvastrum. It has been taken at Y,Tellton, Yuma, and

Tinajgs Altaa in April and May. It is found on mallows of

the Abutilon type, in this state also. This species is

closely related to the common Mexican genus Poppea.

Tribe TELAMONINI Godg.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 19:258, 1892.

Ball, E. D., Ent. Am., p&&_6g. 4pl., 1932. GLOSSONOTUS Butler

hnlvittaltus var pumilus Ball, Ibid., p. 15. -99

The Colorado species has been taken in the Lukachukai

Mts." in northeastern Arizona, and in New Mexico#

Q.uercus gambelii is the host.

HILIRIA Stal.~ sinuata Fowl., Bio. Cent. Amer., 2:144, 1896.

The distribution includes Guerrero, Mexico, the Huachuca

Mts., Santa Rita Mts,, and the Catalina Mts. Recorded on blue oak (Onerous oblonglfolla) by Ball. olitella Ball, Jl. Wash Acad. Sci., 15:201, 1925.

Taken on Onerous oblongifolia in the Santa Rita and Huachuca Mts.

FALONICA Ball .

Ent. Am., 12:34, 1931* pyramidata var portola Ball, Ibid., p. 36.

Taken on willow in California and Alpine, Arizona. nogalana Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash,, 46:25, 1933.

Cottonwood (Fopulus wislizeni) is the host plant at

Patagonia,(type) Arivaca, Nogales, and Tubac. TELAMONA Fitch. gibbera Ball, Ent. Am., 12:54, 1931.

Found on Onerous gambelil in the mountains and table­ lands of Arizona; 100-

TRGPIDAHNIS Fowler

Biol. Centr. Am., p. 60, 1895. tectlgera Fowl., Ibid.

Found in the Santa Rita and Catalina Mts. on oaks including Quercus emoryi and g. hypolenoa.

Tribe SMILIHI Godg.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 19:257, 1892. -

ANTIANTHE Fowl.

Biol. Centr. Am. Homop., 2:89, 1895. expanse (Germ.)

This species occurs in Florida, Mexico, California, and

Arizona. Found on dock and other low vegetation in the Upper Sonoran Zone at Nogales, and Oak Creek Canyon.

TELAMONANTHE Bak.

Can. Ent.., 39:115, 1907.

The specimens in this genus were not identified and

could not be listed. T. pulchella (Ball) is found in

Colorado, Arizona and Utah. This is a common species on dak.

CYRTOLOBUS Godg.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 19: 257, 1892.

There are about twenty four forms of this genus in

the state. All occur on oak. 101-

OFHIBERMA. Fairm,

Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 2, IV, p, 495, 1846. compacta Gib. and Wells, Jr. N.Y. En't. Soc., 25:201, 1917.

In the Upper Sonoran Zone north to Yamell Htsv taken only on Emory oak. (££. emoryi). pallida V.D.^ Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Scl., 9:100, 1906...

Has the same distribution as the previous species. panda Ball. Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 45:80, 1932.

Found on oak in the Chiricahua (type) and Santa’Ritaj

Mountains e trlcihcta . Ball, Ibid.

Found in the Santa Rita, Chiricahua, and Catalina

Mountains on oak.

Tribe FOLYGLYPTINI Godg.

Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. ,iL9t257yU:l, •

VAHDUZEA Godg.

Bui. 111. St. Lab. Eat, Hist,, 3;440, 1894,

laeta Goding, Ibid., p. 441.

Found in Arizona, Texas, and the Gulf of California,

in the Lower Sonoran Zone north to Prescott. Found on

various shrubs such as Acacia greggiK catclaw). Acacia

constriota,, Prosopls (mesquite) and Parkinsonia microphylla

(palo verde). __

X var nolina Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 45:82, 1932.

The types were taken near Patagonia on bear grass

(Nolina miorocarpa). The variety is also found on the same plants as the species in most instances and the distribution is also the same. var segmentate Fowler, Biol. Centr. Am., 2:93, 1895.

Widespread in Mexico south to Guatemaula and north to

Texas, New Mexico and Arizona. In Arizona it is found near the Santa Rita Mts., Baboqulvari Mts., and at

Nogales on the same shrubs as is the species. trlguttata Burms Rev. Silb., 4:183, 1836.

Recorded from Prescott, Bradshaw Mts., Chiricahua

Mts. ,anclathe Huachuca Mts., this is a widespread species that is found on. Amorpha and locust(Robinia). as well as many others in the east.

BAJULATA Ball.

Proc. Biol. Soo. Wash., 46:26, 1933. bajula Godg.t Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., 3:437, 1894.

Occurs on Mesquite (Prosopis velutina) in practically all parts of its range in Arizona. Taken in April and May

. AMASTRIS Ball Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46:27,.1933, lyoioda Ball, Ibid. 103

Taken at Tucson (type) Sabino Canyon, Baboquivari

Mts., Eloy, and Kino Bay, Sonora. Occurs on Lyclum.

• . FOLYGLYPTA Buna. oostata Buna., Handb, 2nt. , 2:143, 1835.

Specimens which are probably this tropical species were taken in the Santa Rita Mts., and at Patagonia, This species feeds on low weeds such as Helianthus and Senfeclo.

BEYANTIA Ball

Jl. Wash. Acad. Aci., 27:482, 1937. , . ensiger Ball, Ibid.

• Found in the Santa Rita Mts.,(type) Huachuca Mts., and the Chiricahua Mts. The species also is found on low weeds such as Helianthus, and Viguiera in dry situations

in the Upper Sonoran Zone and up to 7,600" Feet in the

Chiricahua Mountains.. var. humerosus Ball, Ibid.

This variety occurs with the species.

HJBLILIA Stal iaodesta Uhl. , 1872.

This species feeds on weeds of various sorts,

Gillete end Baker report it on SolIdago. alfalfa, Helianthus.

Iva. and Artemisia. It is very common on pine late in the

season, but probably—does not breed on it. Found at higher

elevations in the mountains and tablelands of Arizona, -104-

Calif ornia, New Mexico, Colorado, Kansas, and Iowa.

ENTYLIA Germ. 1835 porrecta Fowler, Biol. Cent., Am. 2:131, 1896.

Taken on Llppia wrightii in Sabino Canyon.

Subfamily DAHEEMB (Stal) Stictopelta Stal Hemip. Afr., 4:83, 1866. nova_ Godg.,Ent. News, 3:110, 1892,

Taken at Yarnell Heights, Florence, Oracle, Sabino

Canyon, Santa Rita Mts., and Patagonia. The host plants are mesquite (Prosopls velutina), and catclaw (Acacia eregal11. caerulea Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 46:28, 1933.

Taken at Sabino Canyon in the Catalina Mts.,(type),

Baboquivari Mts., Chiricahua Mts., and Tumacacori Mts.,

It appears to be restricted to Coursettia micronhvlla .

Robert Crandall has found this species common at Guaymas,'

Mexico. . . - pulchella Ball, Ibid.

Taken in the Baboquivari Mts., Santa Catalina Mts., •

Tumacacori Mts., and at Naco and Willcox.

Coursettia microphylla is also the host of this species.

Also found at Guaymas, Mexico. : : W 1 .... . marmorata Coding, Ent. News, 3:201, 1892. Common whereever-mesquite (Prosopis velutina) its —3.05- host is found from Texas to California.*

. ■ ■ . arizonae Godg,, Can. Ent., 27:276 , 1895 •

This species is more common, than the proceeding in the

Tuma district, but is found also at Congress Junction,

Benson, Oracle and the Santa Rita Mts. on the same host.

ACQNOPHORA Fair-

Ann. Soc. 3nt. France, 2:274, 1846..

A species of this tropical genus is found in Florida

Canyon of the Santa Rita Mts., on western soapberry

(Sapindus drummondii). Many of the tropical species are of economic importance.

Subfamily HO PLOFHORINAE (Stal)

PIATTCOTIS Stal

Hemip, Fabr., 2:36, 1869. vittata (Fabr.), 1803.

. Common all over the United States on oak.

Subfamily MEMBRACINAE (Stal) . •

ENCHENOPA A. & S. permutata V.D.. Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 9:112, 1908.

Taken on Lycium in Arizona, Utah, and Texas. —106 —

sericea Walk,, Biol. Cent. Am., 2:10,1894.

This Mexican species is found in the Santa Rita,, . Huachuoa, and Tumacacori Mts. It occurs on many plants but is most common on juniper and walnut.

binotata Say, 1824.

This species occurs throughout the eastern United

States and south through Central America. In this state

it has been found in the Huachuoa and Chiricahua Mts.

Most commonly found on Ceanothus. locust (Robinia), and

walnut (Juglans)but is found on many other plants.

HYPSOPRORA Stal

nogalata Ball, Proc. Snt. Soc. Wash*., 46:29, 1953.

Rather common in southern Arizona on Baccharis

sarathroides. The type is from Nogales.

’ COAMPYLEHCHEflL Stal ' latipes Say.

This common eastern.species has been taken at

williams and Flagstaff on Helianthus. Astragalus, and alfalfa.

TYLOPELTA Fowl. gibbera Stal.

This Mexican species was taken in the Upper Sonoran

of southern Arizona on Brickellia. It is also found in Texas. -107-

PHILYA Walk. ferruginosa (Godg.) t Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., 3:466

1894...... ' ' '

Common on Juniper in southern Arizona. minutus Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc., Wash., 46:29, 1933.

Taken in the Chiricahua Mts. on Chihuahua pine.

(Pinus leionhylla).

■ ' • •: ■■■■ stai ■ - -- " '

The.Arizona specimens are not identified, but three specimens are present. - . ■ . ..

Subfamily CENTROTINAB (Spin.)

' mCROCENTHWS (Stal.)

schaefferi Coding.

Taken In the Huachuca and Santa Rita Mts. on oak. auritus Ball, Proc. Bio. Soc. Wash., 46:30, 1933. Taken in southern Arizona north to Granite Dells on oak. ' '

lynx Ball^ Ibid.

This Colorado species is found in the lukachukai Mts.

on oak ((&. gambelii).

nioholi Bali, Ibid.

Taken from Pinus leiophylla in the Chiricahua Mts. PLATYCENTRUS Stal

Taken on mesquite (Prosopis), oatclav; (Acacia greggli) and other closely related plants is southern Arizona,

: TYLQCENTRUS 7. D.

Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 9:119, 1908, reticulatus 7.D.r Ibid.

Common in Texas, Arizona, Utah, and Nevada on Mesquite quadricornis Funk., Ent. News, 30:217, 1919,

This is a rare species which is found in southern Arizona on mesquite (Prosopis).

TUBERCULOCENTHUS Godg.

Can. Ent., 27: 275, 1895. solus Godg., Ibid.

Common on creosote bush. (Larrea tridentata)

CENTRODONTUS Godg. . •. • * - . . altas Goding., Ent.. News, 3:110, 1892+ '

Common on the creosote bush.

MULTAREIS Godg.

cornutus Godg., Can. Ent., 27:274, 1895. Common on the creosote bush. 109

Subfamily AETHALIONIHAE

AETHALION Latr. nervoso^punotatum Sin.

The distribution includes the West Indies, Mexico, and southern Arizona. It is most common on oak, but occurs bn many other plants. - 110-

FSmlly OERCOPIDAE

The spittlebugs or froghoppers are so called from the

fact that the nymphs are often surrounded with and live in

a mass of white froth or spittle, and also because of the

squatty, frog-like appearance of the adults. The hind

tibiae have one or two spurs along their length and a

circle of spurs at the distal end. The species feed on

grasses, succulent vegetation, and herbaceous plants, ex­

tracting the juices as do other members of the order. The

genus Clastoptera may be destructive on grape and walnut in

the cultivated areas of Arizona.

Doering, Jl. Kans. Ent. Soc., 3:53-108, 6 pi., 1930.

TOMASPIS sepulchralis ?

A series of specimens were collected in August in the Verde Valley by H. Brisley. Ball reports that another

species of this genus occurs in large grass clumps in damp areas and forms large frothy masses partly below the

surface of the ground in Florida. Another species causes a

great deal of damage to sugar cane in some regions of the

West Indies.

APHR0PH0RA Germ.

• irrorata Ball, Kept. la. Acad. Sci., 1898, p.214.

This species is quite widely distributed in the state Ill

in the Transition Zone, It is usually taken in the adult stage on pine, vthile the nymphs occur on herbs under the pine trees. Beamer has also taken it on aspen. The rang® includes Nebraska, Colorado, Arizona, and New Mexico.

CLASTOPTERA Germ.

Zeit. F. Ent., 1:187, 1838.

Doering, K.C., Univ. Kans. Sci. Bui., 18:153 pp., 26 pi., 1929.

Ball, Can. Ent., 59: p. 103-112, 1927.

Ball, M.S., 1936. arborina Ball, Can. Ent., 59:110, 1927.

This species was described from white cedar from Iowa.

Ball considers examples from Chiricahua, Santa Catalina, and

Santa Rita Mts, to "be this form. Dr. Doering also lists examples from Colorado, Coconino County, Yavapai County, and

Oak Creek Canyon. The host is. juniper in this area. arlzonana Doering, p. 73.

This species is found in the Lower Sonoran Zone and the

Upper Sonoran. It is most common from Tucson south to the

Mexican border at Bisbee, Nogales, and the Quinlan Mts., and

has been taken in the extension of the Colorado Valley at

Lupton. "Most of the examples in the collection were taken

at trap lights in the creosote belt by A. A. Nichol and Dr.

R. B. Streets. All examples of which there are food plant - 112- records were taken on mesquite (Brosopis), iromvood (Qlneya)t or palp- Ygrde(Parkinsonla), which grow in the creosote belt. Ball.states that in most cases the insects were taken, directly from the mistletoe (P. californium) growing in the trees or shrubs. brunnea Ball, la. Acad. Sci. 26:147, 1919.

Ball (1936), states that it occurs on the sage brush

(Artemisia tridentata) from Medora in the badlands of North

Dakota-, west through Wyoming, southern Idaho, and Utah, to Nevada and California. It extends south to southern

Colorado in the rookies and is found to the limit of its host just south of the Grand Canyon and east to Lupton in

Arizona and Gallup, New Mexico.

canyonensis Doering, op. Sit., p. 80.

Described from the Grand Canyon.

distincta Doering, QP« git., p. 55.

The type is from Coconino County. Specimens were also listed from Williams and Utah,

delioata Uhler^ Bui. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1:348, 1875.

Doering, p. 27.

Ball, 1936, p. 9.

This species appears to be restricted to the rabbit

bush Chrysothamnus spp. and then only where it is growing

in damp situations. Found in northern Arizona, Colorado, -113-

Utah, New Mexico and California. junlperina Ball, la. Acad. Sci., 26: 1927.

Found on juniper throughout the state in the higher mountains (Ball, 1936). Also the distribution includes

Utah, Colorado, Idaho, "Montana, North Dakota, and some areas in the Appalachian Mountains. lawsonl Doering, Op. oit., p. 73.

The type of this species is from Mescal. This is what Dr. Ball calls C_. laenata Fowler. He has taken this species on grape in serious numbers in Utah and Dr. Streets records them in Oak Creek Canyon. The species is common over the oak region of the state on the oaks. lineaticollis Stal, Of. Vet. Akad. Fork. 9:253, 1854.

Ball 1936 states that there are no examples of this species from farther north than Ash Fork. In southern

Arizona and southern California this species abounds on the water v/alley (Baccharis glutinosa) in the washes.

From this host it spreads to a number of other composites like sunfloWer, cockle bur, Senecio, and Baccharis sarathroides. media Doering, p,99.

Described from Oak Creek Canyon. Ball considers this a synonym of C. juniperana. 114- obtusa achatina Germ., Zeit. f, Bnt., 1:87, 1838•

There is a specimen from Comville collected by

Nichol which Ball considers to be this eastern species.

obtusa tristies V.D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat, Sci,, 10: 508, 1912,

This species is apparently found over most of the

United States. There is one Arizona specimen from Glenn

Oaks. Found on many plants such as grape, and hazel.

osborni G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 70, 1895.

This species is restricted to Pinus ponderosa in most

of the range. It is also found on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga

tazifolia) (Flock), and some closely related pines. Ball

states that it frequently has been reported from oak and

has even been found breeding on oak but only where they

were below the pines. Found in Colorado, New Mexico, and ,

Texas.

testacea Fitch, 1851.

This is an eastern species. There are specimens

collected by Ball on Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga taxifolia) in

all stages at Onion Saddle in the Chiricahua Mts. in July.

This may represent a new form however. The eastern species

is reported from pine.

uniforma Doering, p. 82. Described from specimens collected by Uhler in Arizona.

Ball, 1936, states that it has been taken in some numbers -115- from the black walnut (Juglans) in widely separated localaties in Arizona. xanthocephala var unicolor Fowlerf Biol. Cent. Am. Homop.

2:205, 1897.

Found over most of the southern part of the United

States and Mexico. Ball has taken this species on many different plants in Florida, ranging from shrubs and trees to grass, but its favorite hosts appear to be Ambrosia and Helianthus•

FHILARQNIA

Ball, la. Acad., Sbi., p. 220, 1898. abjecta Uhler, U.S. Geol. Survey, 1:346, 1876.

This species is found from Alaska to Arizona and some of the central states such as Nebraska and South Dakota.

Ball states that in Colorado it lives principaly on the roots of Lupinusand Geranium. He took specimens at

7,800 feet in the White Mountains in June. abjecta provana Ball, la. Acad. Soi., 26:145, 1919.

This variety was described from Provoy Utah. There is a specimen from the Santa Cruz River near Nogales taken in. October. The Utah species was taken on Helianthus sp. bllineata Say, 1831.

This species is widely distributed in the United States and extends south in Arizona to the Chiricahua and

Huachuca Mts. It is found in meadows on clump grass and 116—

Helianthus sp. '117-

Family FTJLGORIDAE (Latr)

This family contains a great many very interesting and unusual forms. The first few species are among the largest and most unusual appearing of all the species treated in this paper. This family is characterized by having the antennae inserted beneath the eyes. None of the species are of any economic importance in this state.

. Subfamily FtJLGORIHAE (Spin.)

SC0LQP5ELLA Ball reticulata Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 18:118, 1905.

This species is confined to Larrea tridentata. Found rather rarely in California, Arizona,Texas (U.S.N.M.) and

Mexico. Wickenburg is the most northern record so far known.

RHABDOCEFHALA V.D.

brunneus V.D.

Probably confined to Muhlenbergia porteri. .Found in

southwestern Arizona and described from Tucson.

AMYCLE Stal

saxatilis Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 2:33, 1914.

Found in the chaparral and higher in the Upper Sonoran

along the border at Nogales. May be an oak species (Onerous -118 oblongifolla) but nymphs were taken also from Eragrostis lugens.

CALYFTOFROCTUS Spin. 1839 - marmoratus Spin. This large species is occasionally collected at light in the Upper Sonoran of southeastern Arizona north to Globe.

It may breed on oak and has been taken on Onerous oblonglfolia and Q,, hypoleuoa. Taken from May to August.

CYRPOPTUS Stal.

Berl. Ent. Z>eit. ^ 61304y 1862. .

Found in the Sonoran Zone from Tucson to Nogales. A

Tucson specimen was taken from a decaying giant cactus. nubeoulosus Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 93:185, 1909.

In the Sonoran Zone in southeastern Arizona, Mexico and Texas it is found on many plants but probably feeds on fungi

in the nymphal stages. metoalfi Ball, Psyche, 40:146, 1933. This species is' extremely common on many plants at

Yuma (type) and vicinity.

Taken near Phoenix in alkalic areas.

Taken at Naco in October.

vanduzei Ball, Psyche, 40:146, 1933.

It was collected from Muhlenbergla porter! under spiny

shrubs along the border from the Baboquivari Mts. to Patagonia. -119-

Do zier claims that all members of the genus feed on grasses.

FOBLICIA Stal fuliginosa (Oliv.), 1791.

* Another southeastern species. It can be most easily- collected in the latter part of the year from September to

December on Bacoharls sarathroidas. Dozier (1928) states that the only known food plant in the east is sumac. misella Stal.

This species was described from Arizona and Mexico.

It is probably a synonym of the above.

Subfamily DICTYOFHORINAE (Spin.)

Tribe DICTYOFHORA Germ.

SCOLOPS Schaum

Breakey, Unlv. Kans. Sci, Bui., 18:417-455, 4 pi., 1928.

angustatus Uhler, Bui. U.S. Geol. Surv., 1:350, 1876.

This species is very widely distributed in the United

States. Lawson (1930) records it from Arizona.

cookerelli Fowler, Biol. Centr. Am. Homop., 1:122, 1904.

Ranges in this state from the Baboquivari Mts. north to

Fredonia and Utah, The specimens were taken in August and

September on Gutierrezia and Haplopappus gracilis. 120-

furaidus UJdler, Trans* Md. Acad* Scl* ,1 ;146, 1891 •

found on a mat Ambrosia at Granite Dells. This species is common in California. graphicus Ball, Pan-Pac. Ent., 7:10, 1930.

The host plant is Gutterrezia oalifornioa. Yarnell Hts. is the type locality and the species is found in the Upper Sonoran Zone from Oracle north into Utah. maculosus Ball, Can. Ent., 34:148, 1902.

This species is found in Colorado and New Mexico as well as most of Arizona. It is found on various composites,

Eriogonum and other herbs. There may be a definite food plant but if so it is not known. It is found from the Lower

Sonoran Zone at Naco to the Transition at Flagstaff. nicholi Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent.$oc., 32:173, 1937.

Collected in southeastern Arizona in the desert grass­ land near the Rincon and Santa Rita Mts. The Santa Rita specimens were collected by Bryant from a composite. This species is found also in Mexico, at Guaymas (Crandall). pallidus var (Salifornicus Lawson and Beamer, Jl. Kans. Ent.

Soc., 3:68, 1930.

This California species has been taken at Granite Dells and Kaibab. It probably lives on Helianthus sp. pungens Germ. ,1830.

This is the species which Breakey described as S.austrinus - 121-

from Tucson. It extends from the Upper Sonoran at Patagonia to the Lower Sonoran at Phoenix. Ball(1930) states peren­ nial ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya) is the host plant, but it is found on composites also. robustus Ball, Can. Ent., 34:150, 1902.

Widely distributed in the Upper Sonoran Zone from south­ eastern Arizona north into Colorado and Utah. Ball (1930) states that ;;perenial ragweed (Ambrosia psilostachya)is the host plant. snowi, Breakey, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., 18:433, 1928.

The type is from Southern Arizona. This species is widely distributed in the state north into Utah. It is found in the oak and pine zones and is closely associated with

Siplldago trinervata and S&lidago sp. sulcipes (Say) , 1825.

This species is found in almost all parts of the

country and has been reported from Arizona by Breakey, It is

found feeding on composites. uhlerl Ball, Can. Ent., 34:148, 1902.

This species was described from Colorado where it occurs

on Suaeda depressa Wat.

var. Marginatus Ball, Pan-Pac. Ent., 7:10, 1930

Suaeda torreyana Wat. is the host plant. This variety

was described from Sacaton but specimens from Utah and

Nevada are cited. It is widely distributed in the Lower •122-

Sonoran Zone. virespens Ball, Bui. Brook. Snt. Soo., 52:172, 1937.

This species is probably a form of S. uhleri. It is found at Sacaton (tfrpe) to Yuma on Sua&da' torrg/ana Wat, var. salsus Ball, Ibid.

This pink variety ■was described from material taken at Sacaton on Suaeda. viridis Ball, Can. Ent., 34:149, 1902.

Salt bush (Atriplex canescens) is the host. This species is found in desert areas in Colorado, Utah and Arizona.

Tribe ORGERHI (Oshanj

Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 15:137-153, 1 pi., 1922

YUCANDA Ball albida Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22:200, 1909.

Found in the Lower Sonoran at Littlefield, Arizona, and near Mojave, California. The tree yucca (Yucca baccata) is the host. The nymphs usually mature the middle of June. mlnlata. Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:175, 1937.

Taken in August and September at the Grand Canyon bridge.

The host was a small shrub (Ball 1937). ornata Ball, Ibid.

This grey species was taken on a dwarf shrub at Boulder Dam in June. —123 7"

ORGAMERA Ball ..

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22:196, 1909. argentia Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:174, 1937.

The Joshua tree (Yucca hrevlfolla) is the host plant.

The types were taken west of Congress Junction in July and August. Orgamera acuta a Californian species is found

in the 'chaparral belt.

DE3ERTA Ball

An. Ent. Soc. Am., 15:141, 1922. A California" species, Deserta raptorlus Ball, was taken

from Chrysothamnus and the other three species were taken

from sage brush (Artemisia tridentata).

bipunctata Ball. Proc. Bio. Soc.Wash., 22:199, 1909.

This species breeds on sage brush and is found in

Idaho, Utah, Nevada, California, and northern Arizona.

The type, locality is St. George, Utah. The adults were

found from July to August. obesa Ball, Ibid., p. 199.

Found in northern Arizona and southern Utah. It has

been taken on Artemisia tridentata and Gutierrezla.

Specimens were taken from the.end of June to September.

ORGERIUS Stal

minor Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22:202, 1909.

Ball (1922) states that this species is found in the

desert regions of southwestern Colorado and southern Utah 124- where it is found on the ground usually associated with some of the smaller salt bushes (Atrlplex sp.) It has been taken also at the Grand Canyon in Arizona where it was associated with Eurotia lanata and Atriplex canespens.

ACINACA Ball,Ibid,

lurida Ball, Ibid.

In the description Ball stated that this striking and

easily recognized species was taken on Erlogonum fasciculaturn.

In Arizona it is found at the lower edge of the oak belt

from Oracle north to Prescott. Here it is found on

Eftiogonum wrightil to which the color adaptation is marked.

A*IDIA Ball, Ibid., p. 147.

modosa Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soo., 32:176, 1937.

This is the common species of this group in the desert

region of Arizona. It is found along the southern border

north to the Grand Canyon although some of the southwestern

- ;• examples may represent a new species. Like many of the

group this species is probably not very specific in food

habits. The extremely long mouth parts are apparently an

adaptation for feeding from very thick walled plants, Most

of the specimens from around Tucson were taken on Franseria

deltoldea.

TICIDIA Ball -125

Ann. Ent. Soo. Am., p. 149. cingulata Uhl.. 1891.

Found over most of the state, south to the Shlrloahua

Mts. in the Upper Sonoran Zone and less commonly in the

Lower Sonoran. Ball (1922) stated that Atriplex oanescens was the plant food, but it seems to be distributed at a higher elevation in Arizona.

TIMONIDIA Ball

Pros. Biol. Soc. Wash., 22:201, 1909. solitaria Ball,, Ibid.

This was described from Mojave, California. The

Arizona specimens are from the desert at Littlefield.

Found on Erlogonum and shrubby plants.

Subfamily ACHILINAE (Stal)

ELIDIPTERA Spin.

Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., 8:504, 1839.

This genus is found under the bark of forest trees.

The food is probably fungi of some sort.

CATONIA Uhl.

Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1895, p. 61.

The nymphs of this genus feed underground, probably on

fungi; the adults are found on everything. -126-

arbutina Ball, Pan-Pac. Ent., 9:135, 1933.

Found in southeastern Arizona in the Upper Sonoran

Zone. The type was taken from Arbutus on the Santa Rita

Mts.

brunnella Ball, Ibid., p. 137.

Found in the oak regions of southern Arizona east to

the Huachuca Mts. (type).

cara V.D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., 36:86, 1910.

Taken in the Santa Rita Mts. and at Tucson and Calif­

ornia.

lineatdcollis Fowl., Biol. Cent. Am., 2:11, 1895.

Collected from willow at Sabino Canyon, Nogales and

Patagonia.

maoulifrons V.D.. Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 10:491, 1912.

This is the most common species in Arizona. It is

found in the Upper Sonoran Zone north to Prescott. It is most

common along washes on cottonwood, willow, sycamores, and

other plants. The type was taken in the Huachuca Mts.

majusoula V.D., Bui. Buf.Soc.,Nat.^ci., 10:492, 1912.

The distribution of this large species is somewhat the

same geographically as the last. It is much less common

however, and is found on Juniper and other large plants in

dryer situations. fumida Ball. Pan-j&c. Ent., 9:135, 1933.

Found in the willows and other brush along stream beds

in the Huachuca Mts. (type) in the Upper Sonoran Zone

Taken at Oak Creek Canyon.

Occurs from the Santa Rita to the Baboquivari Mts. in

damp places under oaks.

Subfamily CUXEKAE

OLIAHUS Stal.

Berl. Ent. Zeit., 6:306. 1862.

Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Soi., 24:268-276, 1934.

altanus Ball, p. 275.

Taken at Tinajas Altas in May.

apache Ball, p. 275.

Taken in the creosote desert in southern Arizona from

Douglas to Yuma north to Tucson (type) and south to

Hermosillo, Mexico.

aridus Ball, Can. Ent., 34:151, 1902.

This is the most common species in the state and is also

found in Kansas, Colorado, California, and Mexico. The species

is found in all parts of the state from Yuma up into the

Transition at Flagstaff.

californicus V.D., Tran* San Diego Soc. Nat.Hist., 2:36, 1914. -128

This California species is found in the Upper Sonoran of the uplands northwest of the Mogollon Plateau at Williams,

Ash Fork and Tarnell Hts. It is found on oak; Juniper, and

in the chaparral.

coconinus Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24:874, 1934.

This species has been taken only at Williams (type)

and the Huachuca Mts. in the Upper Sonoran Zone.

compleotus Ball, Can. Ent., 34:152, 1902.

Found in Haiti, Florida, Southern Arizona, and

Mexico. (Ball, p. 275.)

corvinus Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci.^ 24:273, 1934.

Widely distributed in southeastern Arizona west to Eloy.

The type was taken at Patagonia.

dodonanus Ball, Ibid., p. 276.

Found over most of the desert region of Arizona, Calif­

ornia, Nevada, western Colorado, and Utah. Taken on low

plants such as Suaeda, Saroobatus. Atriplex linearis. and

sugar beets, usually in alkalie areas.

nigro-alutaoeus Fowler. Biol. Centr. Am.,2;10, 1895.

Found in Mexico, the Santa Rita, and Baboquivari Mts.

north to the Catalina Mts. This is an Upper Sonoran insect,

which is usually found on grass such as Muhlenbergia porter!.

papagonus Ball, Jl, Wash. Acad. Sci., 24:272; 1934. This species is found on mesquite (Frosopis) quite com­ -129- monly, and on Lyolum and Condalla, Found in the eastern part of the Lower Sonoran, north to Congress Junction,

Taken at Willcox on mesquite (Prosopis) and Zizyphus,

Pima Kirkaldy, Haw, S.P.A. Exp. Sta. Bui,, 4:62, 1907.

This is a very common species in the desert grassland

and oak woodland areas of southern Arizona north to Yarnell

Hts. It was taken on oak as well as many bushes and trees.

pygnaeus Ball, Bui, Brook. Ent. Soo,, 32:180, 1937.

Taken at Willcox on Suaeda.

yavapanus Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 24:274, 1934.

This species is found at slightly higher elevations

from the southern mountains north to Ash Fork (type). sementinous Ball, M.3.

. This red species was found in Utah and Painted Desert

on grass.

sonoitus Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 32:180, 1937.

From Mimosa and mesquite (Prosopis velutina) in the

southern part of the state west to the Baboquivari Mts.

The type is from Douglas.

Huachuca Mts. July 14, 1934.

Taken on juniper in southern Arizona. -130

From desert grasslands near the Huachuca and Baboquivarl

MtS» .

OLIARONUS Ball, p. 368. tontonus Ball.

Taken from mesquite (Prosopls relutlna) In the Lower Sonoran Zone In southeastern Arizona,

CHIUS Latr.

Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins,, 12:310, 1804.

clnctus Ball, Bui. Brooks. Ent. Soe., 32:178, 1937.

Taken at high.elevations In the Santa Rita (type) and

Chiricahua Mts.

elitellus Ball, Ibid;, p„ 177.

Taken above 8,000 feet in the Chiricahua (type) and.

Catalina Mts. -

oomplus Fowler, Biol. Cent. Am., 2:1, 1895.

This is another species which is found at high elevations

in the Santa Rita, Huachuca, and Ohiricahua Mts. It was

described from the Sierra Madre Mts. in Mexico.

stlaaatus Say, 1825.

This species is recorded by Van Duzee from Missouri,

Kansas, and Colorado. In Arizona it is widely distributed

in the higher areas of the Mogollon Plateau and in southern

Arizona in the Catalina Mts. It is usually found in pine -131

forests on low plants such as Yeratrum and Iris but is

rather omnivorous, Dozier (1928) reported it from oats,

grasses, and sedges in damp areas in the east.

Huachuca Mts. October 31, 1937, Oman.

...

OECLIDIUS V.D. ■

Trans. Sam Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:40, 1914.

Ball. Pan-Pac. Ent., 10:77-80, 1934.

brichellus Ball, p. 77.

The host plant is Brickellia. Widely distributed in the Upper Sonoran Zone, and taken at Tinajas Altas in the

Lower Sonoran.

carolus Ball,- p. 79.

The type was collected at Coolidge Dam on Yucca in June.

Also taken at Wickenburg in August.

fraternus V.D.

Taken in the Lower Sonoran Zone from.the Gulf of

California (type) north to St. George, Utah (Davis), along

./ the Colorado River and east to Tubac. Taken on Baccharis

aarathroides. Mexican jumping bean (Sapium biloculara) ~!

and on Abutilon (?). "

nanus V.D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:40, 1914. This species is found in southern California and in

widely distributed points in the Lower Sonoran in Arizona. “132—

It is found on low plants and found north, to the Grand

Canyon and east to the Tumacaeori Mts, nimbus Ball, p. 79. .

This species is a Lower Sonoran form found in the low rocky hills near Tucson (type) south to Altar,•Sonora. It is associated with ironwood (Qlnaya tesota) and to a lesser extent with igalo Verde (Parkinsonia microphylla). it is most common in May. ■ transversus Ball, p. 78, 1934.

Taken at Tinajas.Altas in May, from an Abutlion.

Collected from Mexican jumping bean (Sapium bllooularet} in the Ajo Mountains in March.

PINTALIA ^tal. delioata ' Fowl.

This Mexican species has been taken at Willcox and

Douglas. Dozier states that this species is found on arrow head, (Sagltfearla latifolia) in deep woods in Mississippi.

MICROLEDRIDA Fowl.

Biol. Cent. Am. Homop., 1-99: 1904.

fuscata W D. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:38, 1914.

Described from examples beaten from a bush of

Heteromeles (Christmas berry) at Alpine, California. It is

found in the Upper Sonoran Zone from the Bradshaw Mts. north -133-

to Kalbab in Arizona. It probably is rather omnivorous.

OECLEUS Stal.

Berl. Ent. Zeit, 6:306, 1862.

Ball and Elingenburg, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 28:193-213, 3 pi,,1935 arnellus Ball & K., p. 198.

From Yarnell Hts. It was collected in July from the

chaparral, probably Berberis fremontil.

campestris Ball, Can. Ent., 34:156, 1902.

This Colorado species is found quite widely in southeast­

ern Arizona. In Colorado it was taken on Artemisia filifolia. while here it is found on various plants such as Hymenoolea .

monogyra.

capitulatus V.D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 10:495, 1912.

Taken in the HuachAoa Mts.(type), Santa Rita, and

Baboquivari Mts. Ball found it breeding in abundance on

saw tooth Yucca (Dasyllrion)in June and July.

centronus Ball and K . , Ibid., p. 194.

The type series was taken on Salicornla sp. at Buckeye

in April. One specimen from Calexico, California.

decens Stal, 1862.

Ball and Elingenburg state that this species is found

on a .wide variety of trees and shrubs and is either a

general feeder or else its larval food plants are low

growing but widely distributed plants from which the adults -134-

fly up to the higher vegetation. This is the most common

species along the southern part of the state north, at least,

te Phoenix. Pound also in California and Mexico.

fulvidorsum Ball, Can. Ent., 34:157, 1902.

Atriplex canescens is the most common host of this

species which is also found on other species such as A.

torreyi at times. The distribution includes Colorado, Utah,

Nevada, and California. This is a very common insect in the

Lower Sonoran Zone. lineatus Ball, Can Ent., 34:154, 1902.

Spiny aster (Lygodesmia spinosa) is considered by Ball

to be the host plant. It also is found on other composites

in some numbers. It was taken from June to October. In the

Imperial Valley of California and the Gila drainage in

Arizona nofcth to Wickenburg and east to Apache Junction and

Sacaton.

natatorius Ball, Bui. Brook, Ent. Soc., 32:181, 1937.

The type series was taken on clumps of grass growing

in a damp wash in Brown1s Canyon, Baboqulvari Mts., in July.

nolinus Ball and Klingenburg, p. 203.

Nolina aiorocarpa (bear grass) is given as the host

plant of this species. . It also occurs in smaller numbers on

Dasylirion wheeler! and Yucca parvlfolia. This species occurs

on its host plants over most of the lower part of the Upper 135-

Sonoran Zone north to Williams and west to Tinajas Altas#

The type locality is Nogales. perplctus 7.D., Ban-Pac. Ent., 5:173, 1929.

This is an Upper Sonoran form which ranges from Yarnell Hts. south to the Baboquivari Mts. Dr. Ball took this form on Muhlenbergia porter! in Sabino Canyon. It has also been taken on a spiny, shrub. pigmy Ball and K . , p. 210.

• This is an Atriplez species. It is found on A. poly-

carpa at Tucson and Saoaton (type) on A.Confertifolia in

California and Idaho, and on A. torreyi S. Wats, in Nevada.

Collected in May and June.

piperatus Ball and K . , p. 209, 1935.

This is also an Atrlplex species. It is found from

Tucson (type) to Phoenix. A. canespens and A. polycarpa or

A. elegans are the common hosts.

pulchellus Ball and K. , p. 201.

Taken in alkaline areas at Phoenix and Sacaton (type),

where Suaeda is common.

quadrilineatus 7.D. , Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Soi., 10:496, 1912.

Described from.the Huachuca Mts. Ball records it from

golden currant (Ribes oereum) at Granite Dells. It has been

taken also in the Chiricahua Mts., Tumacacori Mts., and near Nogales on the Santa Cruz River. -136— snow! Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash.,18:117, 1905.

Water veally (Baooharls glutlnosa) is the host plant.

The adults hibernate as adults and one can almost always find them on this plant. Snow collected the type at Bill Williams fork and the distribution extends south along the edge of the

Upper sonoran Zone in the washes where ever the plant is found. subreflexus V.D., Proc. Col. Acad. Sci., 14:406, 1924.

Described'from Potholes, California. Ball records it' from Yuma and states that it feeds on the giant salt bush

(Atrlplex lentlformis). It has also been taken on other alkalio plants including Suae da. (Ball), Pluchea seridea*

Coville and Frariserla erlocentra A. Grey (Fox, Nevada) triplicatus Ball and K . , p. 198.

From.:, the Huachuca (type).and Santa Rita Mts, This species probably breeds on DasylIrion. venosus 7.D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sc4*, 10:96, 1912.

This is a west coast form which is recorded from Nevada and Yaraell Hts. By Ball. Taken in the oak region.

HINDUS Stal.-

Berl. Ent. Zeit., 6:307, 1862.

Ball, Jl. Wash. Acad. Sci., 23:478-484, 1933.

Osborn found nymphs of M. radicis on the roots of

Impatlens .nettles. and some grasses in Ohio. -137-

auratus Ball, Ibid., p. 484.

The type series -was taken In Bonita Canyon, Chlrlcahua

Mts. in July. Swept from a damp area under Querous emoryi

and Pinug leiophylla.

beameri Ball, Ibid., p. 481.

; This la a Yucca species which was taken on Y. macrocarpa

by Hubbard. Taken by Beamer and Nichol in the Huachuca,

Chlrlcahua, and Santa Rita Mts.

oatalinus Ball, Ibid., P. 481.

Ball took this species from vegetation at the foot of

high rock faces at Sabino Canyon and Patagonia. Found on

Dasyllrion in a similar situation in the Tucson Mts. in May,

collinus Ball, Ibid., p. 488.

This species is found in Colorado (type), the White Mts.

Chlrlcahua Mts. and Huachuca Mts, Taken at high elevations

under pine and spruce. The White Mts. specimens were from

Rlbes *

impeger Ball, Can. Ent., 34:151, 1902.

A Colorado species which is found over most of Arizona

at high elevations. Probably feeds bn grass under pine, aspen,

and oak in the mountain meadows.

mojavensis Ball, Ibid., p. 480.

Ball collected this species in 1909 from the Joshua tree

(Yucca brevlfollaV near Mojave, Calif, He has also taken it 138- at the Grand Canyon in Arizona. nolinus Ball, Ibid., p. 481.

Taken in the lower Upper Sonoran from Williams (type) south to Naco. Collected in June and July on or near Nolina microoarpa virldicatus Ball, Ibid., p. 483.

This species is found on the large clump grass growing along the streams in the Upper Sonoran Zone. It occurs from the Huachuca to the Baboquivari and Catalina Mts. . yuccandus Ball,, Ibid,, p. 482.

The male was collected on Yucca at the Grand Canyon in

August.

Taken in the Pinal Mts. and at Payson on Brickellia.

Subfamily ISSIHAE (Spin.) . FITCHI2LM V.D.

Catalogue of Hemiptera, 1917.

Lawson, Bui. Brook, Ent. Soc,, 38:194-198, 1933. All of the species faad;Qn;~gr?i.ss. albifrohs Lawson, Ibid,, p. 194.

All specimens were taken in the Santa Rita Mts.. in

July. Some of the Ball specimens were taken in a Bouteloua curtipendula area, . grandis Lawson, Ibid., p. 197.

A. A. Nichol took the type at 4,500 feet in the Santa

Rita Mts. in September. -139- mediana Lawson, Ibid., p. 197.

The distribution includes Sabino Canyon, Bisbee, Santa

Rita Mts. and Baboquivari Mts. This is a desert grasslands

species.

melichari Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23:42, 1910.

This is the most common species of the genus in southern

Arizona. It was described from Phoenix and is widely dis­

tributed in the southeastern half of the state, especially

in the desert grassland area. Probably found on most

grasses but recorded by Ball from Hilaria and Muhlenbergla

porterl. Found north to Granite Dells.

minor Lawson, op, cit., p. 197.

The type was collected by Dr. Ball in Sabino Canyon in

March on Hilaria.

rufipes Lawson, Ibid., p. 195.

This is apparently the common species in Northern Arizona.

The type is from Zion National Park, Utah. Arizona specimens

are recorded from Granite Dells and Oak Creek Canyon.

Baboquivari Mountains.

BRUDHOMORPHA Newm. Ent. Mag., 5:399, 1838.

Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 30: 197:203, 1935.

decorate Metcalf, Jl. Mitchell Soc., 38:188, 1923.

This species was described from Texas. It is found in -140-

Arizona in the grasslands at the base of the Baboquivari

Mts. The distribution also includes Cuernavaca, Mexico (Ball).

Ball states that It,appears to be strictly confined to the grass Setaria grisebachii. mormo Kirk*, Haw. Ex. Sta. Bui., 4:64, 1907.

Common in the desert grassland and-lower oak belt in southern Arizona north to Yarnell Hts. Described from

Nogales. . nasuta Stal,Berl. Ent. Zeit., 4:310, 1862.

Recorded from Pennsylvania and Wisconsin. The Ball

Collection contains examples from Florida to Oregon, Utah and northern Arizona in the Upper Sonoran Zone. The Ash Fork

specimens were taken on Bouteloua gracilis.

oculata var extensa Ball, op.cit., p. 202.

Granite Dells is the type locality. The distribution

includes the Gulf of Mexico, Utah, and southern California.

rugosa Metcalf, Jl. Mitch. Soc., 38:186, 1923.

From Brownsville, Texas (type) and the desert grasslands

at the Santa Rita, Tmnacacori, and Huachuca Mts.

suturalis Mel., Abh. K.K. Zool. Ges. Wein., 24, 1906.

This is the most abundant form in Colorado and northern

Arizona. Van Duzee lists North Carolina, Florida, Texas, and Colorado as localities.

tristis Stal, Berl. Ent. Zeit., 6:309, 1862. There is one specimetirfrom Oak Creek Canyon at 6,000 - 141-

feet collected by Snow. Van Duzee-records it as widespread in the east and occuring from Central America to Ontario. triunata Ball, P. 199.

Taken by Ball at Patagonia (type) and Nogales on range grasses.

APHELONEMA Uhler

U.S. Geol,. Surv., 1:356; 1876. bivittata (Ball), Can. Ent., 34:263, 1902.

This species was described from -Colorado and is found east to Iowa in the short grass region. It is found also in the short grass region of northern Arizona and. Upper Sonoran of southern Arizona. oonvergens Bunn, Jl. Nans. Ent. Soc., 3:75, 1930*

Beamer collected the type in Cochise County. The dis- tribution includes the mountains of south eastern Arizona north to the Catalinas. Ball considers this a variety of

A. bivittata.;

Taken on Bilaria in the Chiricahua and Mustang Mts.

var canyonensis Bunn, Ibid., p. 76.

This is a northern Arizona form described from the

Grand Canyon# Beamer took it there and at Oak Creek Canyon.

Ball has taken it on the San Francisco Peak above 8,000 feet

under corkbark fir (Abies arizonioa Kerrlam). It is also

found in the short grass area -142- hlstrlonica (Stal), Berl, Bnt. Zelt., 6:310, 1862.

Another northern species occuring from Pleasant Talley,

Arizona to Nevada and Ontario. Ball reports it from an

elevation of 10,000 feet in Colorado. minuta Bunn, p. 76. This species was described from Cochise County. Ball has collected it at Bustler1s Park in the Chiricahua Mts.

and in a .junlper-Pinus monoph-tlla association at Flagstaff.

ruaosa Ball, Can. Ent., 34:263, 1902.

The distribution includes Colorado, Maryland, Utah,

tifillcox, Pearce, Lupton, and the Catalina Mts.

solitarla Ball, Bui, Brook. Ent. Soc.,30:39, 1935.

Taken in the Upper Sonoran of the Santa Rita, and

Tumacacori Mts. and at Nogales. The type was taken under

oak and pine in Madera Canyon.

viridls Dozier, 1928.

This Mississippi species was taken on a damp grassy

place in Madera Canyon in July, (Bet. Ball).

PAPAGONA Ball

Bul. Brook. Ent. Soc., 30:40, 1935.

papoosa Ball, Ibid.

Taken on the bluff of the Santa Cruz River near Tubac,

Arizona, in May and August. Swept from Muhlenbergia porter!.

succinia Ball, ibid. This species was taken-on Triodia mutica Benth, in the -143-

Tuoson Mts. (type) and in Sabino Canyon. All were taken in April.

Taken by Mr. Oman on Atascosa Peak in October.

Tribe ISSHI Spin.

Doering, Bui. Univ. Kans., 39:447-575, 18 pi., 1938.

HY3TSR0PTBRUM A. & S. '

Hemip., 519, 1843. bufo 7.D., Proc. Cal. Acad. Sol., 12:92, 1923.

Described from the Gulf of California. It also occurs from Kino Bay north to the Tinajas Altos and the.Quinlan

Mts., and it is most common on Lyclum berlandiri.(Flock).

Taken at all times of the year.

cornutum Meli? Abh. K.K. wool. Ges.. Wein., 3:4, 1906.

Found in Colorado, Utah, and California. Artemisia

tridehtata is the host plant,

var. utahna Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 30:38, 1935.

. The type is from the Grand Canyon. Ball stated that

the types were from black sage but at least part were from

Atriplex canescens. Doering records it from many localities

in the Upper Sonoran of Arizona, including the Santa Rita

Mts., Utah, Colorado and New Mexico.

sepulcralis Ball, Ibid., p. 37.

The type series was taken at Bisbee on Flourensia

cernua (tar-bush). The species is widely distributed from 144-

the Huachuoa to the Chiricahua Mts, and New Mexico. unim Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23:43, 1910;

Described from Colorado. Doering records it from New

Mexico and Texas and Ball 1ms specimens from the Grand

Canyon and Chiricahua Mts.

U L U E S Stal. 1858

scutalus Walker, Insects Saundersiana, Homop. p. 44, 1858.

Fowler lists this species from Oajaca, Mexico and Guate-

maula, P. W. Oman took one specimen at Yarnell Hts. in

Arizona (Doering). Dr. Ball took one.in the Pinal Mts. in June. (Det. Flock).

TYLANA Stal. 1

Rio. Jan. Hemip,t 2:67, 1862.

ustulata Uher, U.S.G.S. -1:354, 1876.

Uhler records this species from Colorado and Arizona,

but all records appear to be from the Lower Sonoran foothills in southern Arizona and Rodeo, New Mexico. Found on a variety of shrubs and trees such as-tMmngg. biuncifera, A. greggii,

an

verd© which is probably the host plant.

bifurca Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 49:155, 1936.

• Taken at Benson (type) and Texas in June. This species

probably lives on mesquite (Prosopis), -145—

THIONIA Stal. 1859 naso Fowler Biologia Homop., 1:112, 1904.

The type was taken at Jalapa, Mexico. Common on Juniperus in the mountains of southern Arizona north to Bradshaw Mts.

PICUMHA Stal maculata (Me11char).

Described from Hot Springs, New Mexico. Found on pine over most of Arizona.

chinati Doering, p. 473.

Found in the Santa Rita (type), Huachuca, Chiricahua, .

Catalina, Dragoon Mts.; and Florence, . This is probably the

species in the Ball Collection which is found on oak in the

Upper Sonoran and possibly mesquite and palo verde,in the Lower Sonoran. EUTHISCIA V.D,

- . ' Proc. Col. Acad. Sol., 12:193, 1923.

tuberculata V.D., Ibid<

This lower California species has been taken at Sabino

Canyon on Lippia wrlghtii and nearby plants.

NAETHBUS Stal.

nigronervosus Mel.,Abk. K.K. Zool. Bot. Gres. Wien, 3:4: 1906.

Common all over the state on oaks. Described from Prescott. -146-

fenestratus Mel., Ibid.

This is a less common but widely distributed species on oaks. The distribution includes California, New Mexico,

Utah, and Arizona. ourvaminis Doering, p. 528.

Described from Granite Dells, widely distributed in the state. uniformis Doering, p. 531.

This type was taken in the Santa Rita Mts. diversus Doering, p. 532,

Also described from the Santa Rita Mts.

MISODEMA Melickar reticulata Mel.

There is a specimen in the California Academy of

Science from Dome, Arizona, collected in March. Also known from Texas and Mexico.

DICTYSSQNIA Ball

Proc. Biol. Soc,,Wash., 49:155, 1936. beamerl Ball,

Taken in the Chiricahua Mts. It may feed on Pinus lelophylla.

OSBORNIA Ball

Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., 23:43, 1910. -149- oornuta Ball.

This is a species of the most arid regions of Utah,

California, and Arizona. Found from Littlefield to Tinajas

Alters on Ephedra and Atrlnlex caneaeena (one record). arborea Ball, Bui. Brook. Ent. Soc., 50:38, 1935. Occurs on Juniper over nearly all of the state. The types are from Patagonia.

Subfamily ACANALONIINAE (A. & S.)

ACAHALONIA Spin.

Doering* Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., 25:758-786, 4pl., 1932. olypeata V.D., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., 59:496, 1908.

Found in Utah, Nevada, and California. This is a desert species which occurs on such plants as Olneya tesota.

Canotia. Bacoharis glutinosa. Atriplex oanesoens, Pluchea sericea, and Suaeda. fasciata Metcalf, Jl. Elisha Mitchell Soc., 38:190, 1923.

Described from Texas. Found over the desert grassland and especially Upper Sonoran north to Utah and Colorado.

This species breeds on grasses of a number of kinds. grandioella Doering, p. 772.

Found in the Lower Sonoran Zone of southern California

(type) east to Tucson. Breeds on Atriplex oanesoens and probably A. lentiformis. -148- immaculata Kirk, Qew.. Sz. Sta. Bui. , 4:65, 1907.

Pound in Mexico and southern Arizona Tin • the Huachuca,

Tumacacori, and Santa Rita and Tucson Mountain Areas This species is found in the Upper Sonoran on low growing oaks and Simmondsia. mollicula V. D . , San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., 2:42, 1914.

Described from southern California. In Arizona it is taken in the north western desert area at the Grand Canyon and

Littlefield area and adjacent Utah. Occurs on most plants but especially on Artemesia trldentata. saltoria Ball, Psyche, 40:149, 1933.

Described from the Imperial Valley. There is also a . doubtful record from Tucson.

Subfamily FLATHA2 (Spin.)

. ORMENIS Stal

RiQ Jan. Hemip., 2:68,.1862. barber! V.D., Bui. Soc. Nat. Sci. , 10:498, 1912.

Common on oaks in the Upper Sonoran Zone, Described from the Huachuca Mts. Onerous oblongifolia. and £. toumevi are among those infested.

infuscata Stal, St it. Ent. Zeit., 25:55, 1864.

A widespread species occuring from Central America north

to California and the Grand Canyon. Is of rather general

occurence in the Upper Sonoran Zone on low plants and trees. - 149- lenoophloea Stal, Ibid.,

Taken on oaks, junipei^ and pine in the Huaohuoa Mts.

A rare Mexican species.

- Madera Canyon in the Santa Rita Mountains. sauoia V. D., Bui. Bui*. Soc. Nat. Sci., IQ.: 498, 1912.

The common Lower Sonoran form in Arizona, California,

Utah, and Nevada.. Usually found on low plants and shrubs.

______var.

Found with the species. yumana Ball, Psyche, 40:149, 1933.

Described from Yuma where it was taken in the Atriplex canescens area.

Phoenix in a Suaeda area.

MISTHAENOFHANTIA Kirk.

Haw. S.P.A. Exp. Sta. Bui., 4:65, 1907.

sonorana Kirk., Ibid.

Widely distributed in the Lower Sonoran Zone. There are either a number of undescribed species or it is rather

omnivorous in habits. Mostly collected on low herbs and

shrubs.

Tribe FLATOIDINI (Melieh.) -150-

FMTOIDBS Gruer. fu'acus V.D. , Proc. Acad. % t . Sci. phll. , 59:497, 1908.

Described from the "Colorado DesertM which Van Duzee takes to mean Arizona. Ball has specimens from the

Huachuoa Mts. to.Yarnell Hts* in the oak region. Ball states

that F. punctata in Florida occurs on live oak lichens in the nymphal stages. This is a very rare species. The Yarnell specimens were taken from Rhanmus.

Subfamily DEBBINAE (Spin.)

Ann. Soc. Fr. t 8:205, 377, 1839.

CBDUSA Fowl.

Biol. Centr. Am. Homop., 1:112, 1904.

californica V.D., Can. Ent., 22:169, 1891.

. Described from California but common in the desert

region especially on willows and other plants in the washes.

praecox V. D . , Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., 10:502, 1914.

Described from the Huachuoa Mts.

, ' CENCHREA Yiestw.

Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., 1^:15, 1842.

Taken in low vegetation around water in the Santa Cruz

valley from Continental to Patagonia. -151-

AMALOPOTA Van D.

Can. Ent., 21: 178, 1889. fitchia V.D. Can. Ent., 25:280, 1893.

Taken at Patagonia on Brlckellla on a shaded hillside.

This species occurs also from Kansas to Pennsylvania. There is practically nothing known about the biology except that . * they were collected from a variety of shrubs arid trees in the east,

ANOTIA Kby.

Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 8:20, 1819. bonnet! Kby., Ibid., p.- 21.

In the east this species is-found in Ontario, New

York, Georgia, and Kansas. In Arizona it has only been found in the Santa Rita Mts, and nearby Patagonia, Found • in damp situations on many plants ,• caliginosa Ball, Bui, Brook, Ent. Soc., 32:182, 1937.

Taken in August at Patagonia (type) and Nogales, on grass and low vegetation in low damp areas. lineata Ball, Ibid., p. 183.

Found in similar situations in the Santa Rita Mts.

(type) Tumacacori, Mts, and Huachuca Mts.

Atascosa Peak also in August. -152-

OTIOCERUS Kby. Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 8:15, 1819,

.Taken in low damp places on the Santa Cruz River from

Tubac to Patagonia. Dozier says the genus is usually found on trees.

(BOTHIOCEP.US)

Taken by the Santa Cruz River near Tubac in August. Subfamily D3LPHACIDAE (Spin.)

Crawford, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 56: 1914.

This subfamily is one of the largest and most impor­ tant groups of the Fulgoridae. Because very little work has been done on the Arizona material, only a few species can be i included. There are many species in the state.

■ COPICERHS Swartz Kongl. Vet. Nya Handl., 23; 180, 1802

irroratus Swartz.

This widespread Vest Indian and Florida species is

found in damp low vegetation in the Santa Rita Mountains

and vicinity.

SACCHARODYNE Kirk.

A species very closely related to S. .saccharivorus.

the serious pest on sugar cane is found in the Santa Rita - 153-

Mts., on Andropogon barblnoides and Muhlenbergia emerslggi*

STSNOCRAIIUS .

______sp.

On Bromus sp. and other grass in the oak-pine wood­ land on the Santa Rita and Huachuca Mts.

BOSTABRA Ball

Can. Ent., 34:266, 1902. nasuta Ball.

Common on Arlstida sp.

STOBAERA (Stal) tricarinata (Say)* ,

On Grasses*

(LIBUENIA) Stal aaolfioa (OraWf.) , Op. oit. , p. 626. magnistyla (Crawf.) Op. cit. . p. 627.

PISSONOTUS V.D.

Common on Baooharls glutinosa _ Factors Influencing the Distribution

It is very difficult to make generalizations regarding the distribution of the leafhoppers because our knowledge of them is very limited. In only a few cases do we have suffi­ cient data to draw definite conclusions. In many cases the distribution of the leafhopper is determined by the distribution of a host plant with which it is always associated. For example, seven distinctive species are found only on the creosote bush (Larrea tridentata). The distribution of such leafhoppers may be very easily expressed if the distribution of the plant is known, unless the leaf- hopper does not occur over the entire range of the host. It is often impossible to explain this limited distribution of the insect.

It is at times quite difficult to determine these host plant relationships. The mature leafhoppers are very active and may be found on many plants other than the one on which they developed. The most certain way of determining the host plant is to find the nymphs. This is often impossible because the nymphs are hard to find and to identify. Repeated records of a species from one kind of plant would probably be dependable. In mixed vegetation the true host plant of a species might be found by recording all of the

-154- -155-

plants present each time the species is caught. Care must be taken not to record plants growing over the true host or near which the true host might have died.

Cage experiments would disclose much information that cannot be determined in the field. Blisard (1930) -obtained some very interesting information in feeding experiments with the blunt nosed leafhopper (Euscells striatulus) which transmits the virus causing false blossom of the cranberry,

A large number of. host plants had been recorded for this species. Feeding experiments demonstrated that on many of these supposed food plants the hoppers remained alive little longer than in the control cages without food. With some other plants a small percentage of the leafhoppers became adjusted and remained alive for several weeks. On a few small ericaceous plants the leafhopper was able to live indefinitely. The cranberry was considered to be the only true host, however, because eggs were not laid on any of the other plants.

There does not appear to be any great parallel phylo­ genetic relationship between most leafhoppers and their hosts.

Certain groups are confined to definite groups of plants.

The large genus (Cyrtolobus) for example, is found only on the genus Quercus (oaks). In this state fifteen species of

the genus Idiocerus are found on Salix (willows) and

Populus (cottonwood). Three species of the genus are.found -150

on Juniperus. and five are found on the unrelated genera,

Ribes. Rhus. Amelanchier, and Grossularia, The genus apparently first developed on Salix and Populus and then spread to the other genera. Other genera such as Scaphy-

, ■ ■ ■ ' ' ' . ' topius are found on a wide range of families.

The plant form is probably more important than the ' phylogenetic relationship. There appears to be more crossing over by the leafhoppers between the Dicotyledoneae and the Gymnospermeae than between the Monocotyledoneae and the Dicotyledoneae. At lea:-.t twenty-nine of the Arizona genera are confined to the Monocotyledoneae. A large num­ ber of the monophagous species are found on perennial plants in regions where the vegetation is not very dense. The ephemeral and close-growing plants tend to produce a popu­ lation that is not very specific in food habits.

Many of the monophagous species are clearly adapted to their host plant. A great many species are shaped or colored so as to be less conspicuous on their host. The life history may be changed also. In this region closely related species of Ballana are found on Hymenoclea. One species developes in the spring during the flowering season of H. galsola; the other during the late summer blooming season of H. monogyra. A certain number of the leafhoppers, especially those which are found on cultivated crops, are not very specific in their food habits. As in many other -157-

groups of phytophagous insects, there are species with a

single food plant (monophagous), those with several definite­ ly fixed ones (oligophagous), and those with quite indis­ criminate food habits (polyphagous). There is some differ­

ence of opinion about whether the polyphagous habit or the monophagous one is most primitive. Brues (1920) concludes that in Lepidoptera the polyphagous habit is most primitive,

but states that it is not rare to find all three types represented in otherwise very homogenous groups.

The distribution of these polyphagous leafhoppers may be based largely on climatic factors rather than upon specific relationships with plants. Yve have in this state, for

example, a number of palaearctic species such as Empoasca flavescens, smaragdula. Macrosteles divisus, and Balolutha

punctata. These species are found in the colder parts

of the state. On the other hand, in the southern parts of the state we have a.number of tropical insects such as Exiti- anus picatus. Nesosteles neglectus, Protoalebra maculosa, and

Xerophloea viridis. None of these species is very selective s

in regard to food plants and is probably restricted in range

by temperature differences. Empoasca incida BeL. is a British

Columbian species which is found at all levels in Arizona.

It is adapted to the warmer conditions in this state by a

change in time of year of development. In Yuma, development

occurs in March, while in the cooler areas it occurs in July - 158-

and August. Other species which have been investigated are restricted by differences in humidity. The sugar beet leafhopper (Eutettix tenellus) is rather omnivorous in food habits'but is restricted to the dryer parts of the country.

DeLong (1938, p. 24) has made a very careful study of the ecology of the most important members of the Genus Bmpoasca.

These insects are found on truck crops and many other plants.

He concludes that the bean leafhopper (Bmpoasca fabae) is a species inhabitating areas of high humidity and high precipitation, chiefly in the south. E. filaments inhabits areas of high altitude, low humidity, and low precipita­

tion such as are found in northern Arizona and the great

basin, while E. abrupta is found in areas of low altitude,

low relative humidity, and low precipitation such as are

found in southern Arizona.

The best method of expressing distribution of leaf-

hoppers would be by a combination of the specific host

plants and the plant associations where the insects were

found. Unfortunately most of the records thst we have are

in either one form or the other. The plant association or

plant community records are not as complete in this state

as are specific host plant records. It is hoped that this

paper ^may serve as a basis for future work on the distri­

bution of leafhoppers in the state. Bibliography

The following list of titles includes those references which are cited but not given in the text. It also in­ cludes some of the references read which have been most useful or which are not included elsewhere. It is not - < intended to be another catalogue of references to Arizona

species.

Ball, E. D. 1903. Food Plants of Some Bythoscopidae. Ohio Nat., 5: 597. - ______1932. The Food Plants of the Leaf- Hoppers. An. Ent. Soc. Am., 25: 497-501.

Blisard, T. J. 1930. Food Plants of the Blunt-rHosed Leafhopper. Proc. 62nd An. Con. Am. Cranberry Growers’ Assn. pp. 1-7.

Brues, C. T. 1920. The Selection of Food Plants by Insects, with Special Reference to Lepidopterous Larvae. Am. Hat., 54: p. 313-332.

Delong, D. M. 1923. The Distribution of the Leaf- hoppers of Presque Isle, Pa., and their Relation to Plant Formations. An. Ent. Soc. Am. , 16,: 363-370.

' 1926. A Monographic Study of the North American Species of the Genus Deltocephalus. Ohio State Univ. Stud. 2: 13.

.______1938. Biological Studies on the Leaf- hopper Empoasoa Fabae as a Bean Pest. U. S. D. A., Tech. Bui., 618: 24. : -

DeLong, D. M . , and J. D. Caldwell. 1937. Check List of the Cicadellidae of America, North of Mexico. Ohio State Univ. 93 pp.

Dozier, H. L., 1928. The Fulgoridae or Plant-Hoppers of Mississippi, a Taxonomic, Biological, Ecological, and Economic Study. Miss. Ag. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui. 14: lo2 pp

-159- 160 <

Essig, E. 0. 1929. Insects of Western North America. The Macmillan Co., N. Y., 1035 pp.

Funkhouser, ¥. D. 1927. Membracidae. Fascicle I, General Catalogue of the Hemiptera. Smith College, North­ ampton, Mass. 581 pp.

1915. Biology of the Membracidae of the Cayuga Lake Basin, Memoir 11. Cornell Univ. Agr. Exp. Sta. 181 pp.

Jorgenson, D. D. 1935. Studies in Utah Membracidae. Utah Acad. Sci. Arts & Let. 12: 211-223.

Kunkel, L. 0. 1933. Insect Transmission of Peach Yellows. Cont. Boyce Thompson Institute. 5: 19-28.

Kpntze,.H. A. 1937. Die Zikaden Mecklenburgs,Jeihe faunitisch-okologische Untersuchung. Archiv fur Natur- geschickte N. 1'., Bd. 6, pp. 299-338,

Lawson, P. B. 1920. The Cicadellidae of Kansas. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 12: 306 pp,

______1922. The Membracidae of Kansas. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 14: 31-107, 6 pi.

Nichol, A. A. 1937. Natural Vegetation of Arizona Univ. Ariz. Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bui. 66: 179-222, 1 map.

Oman, P. W. 1937. A generic Revision of American Bythoscopinae and South American Jasslnae. Univ. Kans. Sci. Bui. pp. 343-420, 9 pi.

Osborn, Herbert. 1928. The Leafhoppers of Ohio. Ohio State Univ. Bui. 32: 199-374.

______1939. Meadow and Pasture Insects. The Educators’ Press, Columbus, Ohio. 289 pp.

Osborn, H., and Carl J. Drake. 1922. An Ecological Study of the Hemiptera of the Cranberry Lake Region. IT. Y. St. Col. For. Tech. Pub. 16. pp. 4-33.

Painter, R. H. 1936. The Food of Insects and its Relation to Resistance of Plants to Insect Attack. Am. Nat. 70: 547-566. ‘■- 1*6 1 —

Phillips, A. R. 1939. The Faunal Areas of Arizona, Based on Bird Distribution. Unpublished Master's Thesis.

Snow, F. H. 1904. Lists of Coleoptera. Lepidoptera, Diptera, and Hemiptera. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui. 2i 323-350.

Van Duzee, E. P. 1917. Catalogue of the Hemiptera of America north of Mexico. Univ. Cal. Puhl. Entomology. 2: 1-902.

Yothers, M. A. 1934. Biology and Control of Tree Hoppers Injurious to Fruit Trees in the Pacific Northwest. U. S. D. A. Tech. Bull 402: 45 pp.