A New Species of Calosima Dietz, 1910 from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) Reared from the Domatia of Vachellia Drepanolobium (Fabaceae)

A New Species of Calosima Dietz, 1910 from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) Reared from the Domatia of Vachellia drepanolobium (Fabaceae)

Author: Adamski, David Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119(sp1) : 697-702 Published By: Entomological Society of Washington URL: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.SpecialIssue.697

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A NEW SPECIES OF CALOSIMA DIETZ, 1910 FROM KENYA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIOIDEA: BLASTOBASIDAE) REARED FROM THE DOMATIA OF VACHELLIA DREPANOLOBIUM (FABACEAE)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:096AE78C-10F7-481E-AE1A-9270831E95D4

DAVID ADAMSKI

Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, NHB-E526, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013–7012 (e-mail: [email protected])

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7A83C29A-1099-45C4-8637-9ACACB6EC882

Abstract.—Calosima smithi n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) is described from specimens reared in Kenya from swollen thorn domatia of Vachellia drepanolobium (Fabaceae). Illustrations of the adult and male genitalia are provided. Key Words: Acacia, adult morphology, Fabaceae, Calosima, taxonomy, Vachellia DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.119.Special Issue.697

Recent studies have demonstrated that species been investigated. Fogging surveys Acacia Mill. (Fabaceae), sensu lato,is conducted in Mkomazi and Tanzania by polyphyletic and in need of systematic Kru¨ger and McGavin (1997) identified revision (e.g., Luckow et al. 2003, Miller six species of Lepidoptera associated et al. 2003a, Maslin et al. 2003a, b, with Acacia. In 2009 and 2011, Agassiz Seigler and Ebinger 2005, Bouchenak- and Harper hand-collected immatures of Khelladi et al. 2010, Miller and Seigler Lepidoptera on several species of Acacia 2012, Kyalangalilwa et al., 2013). The in the Rift Valley in Kenya. In these cumulative results of these studies rec- studies, species of Acacia were divided ognize five genera within Acacia in- into two groups based on elevation. At cluding Acacia (sensu stricto), Senegalia high elevations between 1800‒1900 m, (Raf.), Acaciella (Britton and Rose), and at lower elevations less than 1000 m, Mariosousa (Seigler and Ebinger), and the swollen bases of stipular spines Vachellia (Wight and Arn.). (domatia) of Vachellia drepanolobium Although much is known about the (Harms ex Sjo˝stedt) P. J. H. Hunter and effects of mammalian and insect her- V. seyal fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. and bivory on species of Acacia (sensu lato) Boatwr. (formerly in Acacia) were in subsaharan Africa, (Kuria et al. 2010), opened, and all lepidopteran larvae dis- only recently have the Lepidoptera as- covered were placed in rearing chambers sociated with this vast group of plant to obtain adults. From both high and low

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elevations collecting sites, 87 species shaped uncus, a bandlike gnathos, and representing at least seven families of a widened basal part of the upper part of macrolepidoptera (Agassiz and Harper the valva. C. smithi differs from the latter 2009) and 92 species representing at species by having a more dilated basal least eight families of microlepidoptera portion of the upper part of the valva, were reared (Agassiz 2011). Four studies a shorter digitate process of the upper part (Agassiz 2011, Agassiz and Harper of the valva, a less inwardly-curved 2014, Agassiz and Aarvik. 2014, Agassiz spinelike process of the lower part of the and Bidzilya 2016) pertaining to the mi- valva, and a sclerite of the phallus that is crolepidoptera associated with Acacia more acutely curved basally. (sensu lato) have been published. Description.—Adult. Head: Scales of Of all the microlepidoptera reared from vertex and frontoclypeus grayish brown Acacia, only three conspecific specimens tipped with white. Scape of antenna with of Holcocerini (Blastobasidae) were ob- grayish-brown scales tipped with white, tained from all trees of Vachellia drepano- flagellum grayish brown; first flagellum lobium that were sampled. The objective of unmodified in male, female unknown. thispaperistomakeanameavailablefor Scales on outer surface of labial palpus the new species of blastobasid collected brown tipped with pale grayish brown, from Vachellia drepanolobium. except pale grayish brown along apical margin of 2nd article; inner surface mostly pale grayish brown intermixed with white MATERIALS AND METHODS scales and few brown scales. Haustellum Observations of the adult morphology, with pale grayish-brown scales. including measurements of the adult Thorax: Scales on tegula and meso- moths, were made using a Leitz RS dis- notum pale grayish brown tipped with secting microscope with a calibrated mi- white. Scales on femur and tibia brown crometer. Genitalia were dissected as de- tipped with white, tarsomeres with scribed according to Clarke (1941), except scales mostly pale grayish brown tipped mercurochrome and chlorazol black were with white intermixed with pale grayish- used as stains. The image of the holotype brown scales or scales pale grayish was taken with a Visionary Digital Im- brown tipped with white intermixed with aging System. The Methuen Handbook of pale grayish-brown scales along apical Colour (Kornerup and Wanscher 1978) margin of each tarsomere. Forewing was used as a color standard. All types are (Fig. 1) length 7.8–10.2 mm (n=3), pale deposited in The Natural History Museum brown intermixed with white scales or (NHM), London, United Kingdom. white intermixed with pale-brown scales; basal 1/3–1/2 of costa brown, RESULTS anteroapical costa pale grayish brown; Calosima smithi Adamski, scales of distal 1/3–1/2 of marginal area new species grayish brown tipped with white. Un- dersurface brown. Venation with pter- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56C64A72- ostigma between Sc and R , and basal A431-425A-ABD6-C0B6628448DF 1 part of CuA and CuA nearly at right (Figs. 1–3) 1 2 angle to cubital vein. Hindwing trans- Diagnosis.—Calosima smithi is most lucent pale brown. Venation with cubitus similar to C. arguta (Meyrick 1918) from 3-branched, with M3 and CuA1 branched Natal, South Africa, sharing a similarly slightly beyond crossvein of cell.

Fig. 1. Holotype male of Calosima smithi Adamski.

Abdomen: Terga 2–8 with transverse, ﬂange absent. Vinculum narrow. Juxta irregular rows of spinelike setae. Terga platelike. Phallus (Fig. 3) nearly as long 2–7 with as many as 11–13 rows of as valva, slightly curved along apical 1/3; setae, interrupted mesoanteriorly by a sclerite of phallus broadly curved along smooth unscaled area, such that only 4–5 basal 1/2; anellus bearing numerous rows remain interrupted near posterior microsetae. Female unknown. end (not shown). Male genitalia (Figs. Holotype ♂, “KENYA: Laikipia; Impala 2–3) with uncus setose, laterally ﬂat- Ranch, 1700 m; 0°17.806’ N, 36°51.927’E; tened, apical half acutely curved down- in domatium of A. drepanolobium; em 10.v. wards. Gnathos wide, bandlike, with 2010; Agassiz, Kioko, Mugambi & Ngugi,” posterior margin nearly straight, dorsal “USNMENT00719415,” “DNA2011” arms short, acuminate apically; sepa- [blue label], “BM ♂ Genitalia Slide No. rated from tegumen by a narrow mem- 32026” [NHM]. branous gap. Valva divided in two parts; Paratypes (2 ♂): 1 ♂, same label data dorsal part with a widened base, nar- as above except, “em 16.vi.2010,” “BM rowing at about 2/3, extending apically, ♂ Genitalia Slide No. 32027”; 1 ♂, forming a setose, digitate process; digi- same label data as above except, “in tate process extending slightly beyond domatium of A. drepanolobium iv. 10”; lower part of valva; base with a widened “em 25.viii.2010”; specimen not dissected ventral margin, with a microtrichiate [NHM]. basal area and a setose distal area Etymology.—Calosima smithi is above; ventral part of valva widened named in honor of David R. Smith, Re- from base, gradually narrowed apically, search Entomologist, Emeritus, Sys- forming a large, inwardly-curved, tematic Entomology Laboratory (SEL), spinelike process; dorsal articulation National Museum of Natural History, deeply notched outwardly. Proximal Washington, DC.

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Figs. 2–3. Male genitalia of Calosima smithi. 2, Genital capsule. 3, Phallus.

Remarks.—Calosima smithi is placed gnathos with a medially curved ridge; into the Blastobasidae on the basis of the and ventral margin of the juxta emar- pterostigma between Sc and R1 of the ginate. The generic assignments of forewing; the basal part of CuA1 and Calosima smithi, C. arguta (Meyrick), CuA2 at nearly a right angle to the cubital and all Calosima are provisional, and vein of the forewing; male abdominal the author is currently working on a terga 2–8 with transverse irregular rows phylogenetic classiﬁcation to reassess of spinelike setae; valva divided; anellus characters of the world fauna of the of phallus with many microsetae; and Blastobasidae. sclerite of phallus present. Sinev (2014) lists 28 species of world Adamski and Brown (1989) deﬁned Calosima. Most species are known from Calosima by the following synapomor- the New World with only a few species phies: phallus basally spheroidal; valva from the Old World. All hosts records with a secondary articulatory process; are from the New World and include:

Ananus comosus L. (Bromeliaceae); fe- Annals of the Ditsong National Museum of male cones of Cupressus goveniana Natural History 6(7): 116–145. Gord. (Cupressaceae); cones of Pinus Agassiz, D. J. L. and M. W. Harper. 2009. The Macrolepidoptera fauna of Acacia in the elliotti Engelmann and P. palustris Kanyan Rift Valley (Part 1). Tropical Lepi- Mill. (Pinaceae); Malus sp. (Rosaceae); doptera Research 19: 4–8. and dead willow Salix sp. (Salicaceae). Bouchenak-Khelladi, Y., O. Maurin, J. Hurter, Calosima smithi, feeding from swollen and M. van der Bank. 2010. The evolutionary thorn domatia of Vachellia drepano- history and biogeography of Mimosoideae lobium (Fabaceae) is a new host record (Leguminosae): an emphasis on African acacias. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evo- for the genus. lution 57: 495–508. Clarke, J. F. G. 1941. The preparation of slides of the genitalia of Lepidoptera. Bulletin of the ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Brooklyn Entomological Society 36: 149– I thank David J.L. Agassiz, Natural 161. History Museum, London, United Kornerup, A. and J. H. Wanschner. 1983. Meth- eun Handbook of Colour. Third Ed. Methuen Kingdom, for making the specimens and Co., Ltd., London. 252 pp. available for study; and Kuniko Arakawa, Kru¨ger, M. and G. C. McGavin. 1998. Identiﬁ- Mizukino, Moriya-shi, Japan, for the il- cation of the adults of Lepidoptera inhabiting lustrations of the genitalia. I especially Ravenelia macowaniana Pazschke (Ure- thank David Smith for his leadership dinales) galls on Acacia karroo Hayne in the USDA Systematic Entomology (Fabaceae) in southern Africa. African Entomology 6: 55–74. Laboratory (SEL). He was my Unit Kuria, S. K., M. H. Villet, T. M. Palmer, and M. L. Leader for many years and provided me Stanton. 2010. A comparison of two sam- with sound advice throughout my years pling methods for surveying mammalian of employment with SEL. His life-time herbivore impacts on beetle communities in contributions to our knowledge of the the canopy of Acacia drepanolobium in Symphyta is acknowledged and respec- Kenya. African Entomology 18(1): 87–98. Kyalangalilwa, B., J. S. Boatwright, B. H. Daru, ted worldwide. O. Maurin, and M. van der Bank. 2013. Phylogenetic position and revised classiﬁca- tion of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) Literature Cited in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Sanagalia. Botanical Journal Adamski, D. and R. L. Brown. 1989. Morphology of the Linnean Society 1172(4): 500–523. and Systematics of North American Blasto- Luckow, M., J. T. Miller, D. J. Murphy, and basidae (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). Mis- T. Livshultz. 2003. A phylogenetic analysis sissippi Agricultural and Forest Experiment of the Mimosoideae (Leguminosae) based on Station Technical Bulletin 165. Mississippi chloroplast DNA sequence data, 197–220. In Entomological Museum No. 1. 70 pp. Klitgaard B.B. and Bruneau A., eds. Advances Agassiz, D. J. L. 2011. The Lepidoptera of Aca- in legume systematics, Part 10, higher level cia domatia in Kenya, with description of two systematics. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens. new genera and six new species. Journal of Miller, J. T., J. W. Grimes, D. J. Murphy, R. J. Natural History 45(29–30): 1867–1893. Bayer, and P. Y. Ladiges. 2003. A phylogenetic Agassiz, D. J. L. and L. Aarvik. 2014. New Tor- analysis of the Acacieae and Ingeae (Mim- tricidae (Lepidoptera) from East Africa with osoideae: Fabaceae) based on trnK, matK, an account of the tortricid fauna of Acacia in psbA-trnH, and trnL/trnF sequence data. Aus- the Kenyan Rift Valley. Zootaxa 3861(4): tralian Systematic Botany 28: 558–566. 369–397. Miller, J. T., and D. S. Seigler. 2012. Evolutionary Agassiz, D. J. L. and O. V. Bidzilya. 2016. Ge- and taxonomic relationships of Acacia s.l. lechiidae (Lepidoptera) bred from Acacia in (Leguminosae: Mimosoideae). Australian Kenya with description of eight new species. Systematic Botany 25: 217–224.

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