A New Species of Calosima Dietz, 1910 from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) Reared from the Domatia of Vachellia Drepanolobium (Fabaceae)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

A New Species of Calosima Dietz, 1910 from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) Reared from the Domatia of Vachellia Drepanolobium (Fabaceae) A New Species of Calosima Dietz, 1910 from Kenya (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) Reared from the Domatia of Vachellia drepanolobium (Fabaceae) Author: Adamski, David Source: Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 119(sp1) : 697-702 Published By: Entomological Society of Washington URL: https://doi.org/10.4289/0013-8797.119.SpecialIssue.697 BioOne Complete (complete.BioOne.org) is a full-text database of 200 subscribed and open-access titles in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Complete website, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/terms-of-use. Usage of BioOne Complete content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non - commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington PROC. ENTOMOL. SOC. WASH. 119(Special Issue), 2017, pp. 697–702 A NEW SPECIES OF CALOSIMA DIETZ, 1910 FROM KENYA (LEPIDOPTERA: GELECHIOIDEA: BLASTOBASIDAE) REARED FROM THE DOMATIA OF VACHELLIA DREPANOLOBIUM (FABACEAE) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:096AE78C-10F7-481E-AE1A-9270831E95D4 DAVID ADAMSKI Department of Entomology, National Museum of Natural History, P.O. Box 37012, MRC-168, NHB-E526, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. 20013–7012 (e-mail: [email protected]) urn:lsid:zoobank.org:author:7A83C29A-1099-45C4-8637-9ACACB6EC882 Abstract.—Calosima smithi n. sp. (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Blastobasidae) is described from specimens reared in Kenya from swollen thorn domatia of Vachellia drepanolobium (Fabaceae). Illustrations of the adult and male genitalia are provided. Key Words: Acacia, adult morphology, Fabaceae, Calosima, taxonomy, Vachellia DOI: 10.4289/0013-8797.119.Special Issue.697 Recent studies have demonstrated that species been investigated. Fogging surveys Acacia Mill. (Fabaceae), sensu lato,is conducted in Mkomazi and Tanzania by polyphyletic and in need of systematic Kru¨ger and McGavin (1997) identified revision (e.g., Luckow et al. 2003, Miller six species of Lepidoptera associated et al. 2003a, Maslin et al. 2003a, b, with Acacia. In 2009 and 2011, Agassiz Seigler and Ebinger 2005, Bouchenak- and Harper hand-collected immatures of Khelladi et al. 2010, Miller and Seigler Lepidoptera on several species of Acacia 2012, Kyalangalilwa et al., 2013). The in the Rift Valley in Kenya. In these cumulative results of these studies rec- studies, species of Acacia were divided ognize five genera within Acacia in- into two groups based on elevation. At cluding Acacia (sensu stricto), Senegalia high elevations between 1800‒1900 m, (Raf.), Acaciella (Britton and Rose), and at lower elevations less than 1000 m, Mariosousa (Seigler and Ebinger), and the swollen bases of stipular spines Vachellia (Wight and Arn.). (domatia) of Vachellia drepanolobium Although much is known about the (Harms ex Sjo˝stedt) P. J. H. Hunter and effects of mammalian and insect her- V. seyal fistula (Schweinf.) Kyal. and bivory on species of Acacia (sensu lato) Boatwr. (formerly in Acacia) were in subsaharan Africa, (Kuria et al. 2010), opened, and all lepidopteran larvae dis- only recently have the Lepidoptera as- covered were placed in rearing chambers sociated with this vast group of plant to obtain adults. From both high and low Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington 698 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENTOMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON elevations collecting sites, 87 species shaped uncus, a bandlike gnathos, and representing at least seven families of a widened basal part of the upper part of macrolepidoptera (Agassiz and Harper the valva. C. smithi differs from the latter 2009) and 92 species representing at species by having a more dilated basal least eight families of microlepidoptera portion of the upper part of the valva, were reared (Agassiz 2011). Four studies a shorter digitate process of the upper part (Agassiz 2011, Agassiz and Harper of the valva, a less inwardly-curved 2014, Agassiz and Aarvik. 2014, Agassiz spinelike process of the lower part of the and Bidzilya 2016) pertaining to the mi- valva, and a sclerite of the phallus that is crolepidoptera associated with Acacia more acutely curved basally. (sensu lato) have been published. Description.—Adult. Head: Scales of Of all the microlepidoptera reared from vertex and frontoclypeus grayish brown Acacia, only three conspecific specimens tipped with white. Scape of antenna with of Holcocerini (Blastobasidae) were ob- grayish-brown scales tipped with white, tained from all trees of Vachellia drepano- flagellum grayish brown; first flagellum lobium that were sampled. The objective of unmodified in male, female unknown. thispaperistomakeanameavailablefor Scales on outer surface of labial palpus the new species of blastobasid collected brown tipped with pale grayish brown, from Vachellia drepanolobium. except pale grayish brown along apical margin of 2nd article; inner surface mostly pale grayish brown intermixed with white MATERIALS AND METHODS scales and few brown scales. Haustellum Observations of the adult morphology, with pale grayish-brown scales. including measurements of the adult Thorax: Scales on tegula and meso- moths, were made using a Leitz RS dis- notum pale grayish brown tipped with secting microscope with a calibrated mi- white. Scales on femur and tibia brown crometer. Genitalia were dissected as de- tipped with white, tarsomeres with scribed according to Clarke (1941), except scales mostly pale grayish brown tipped mercurochrome and chlorazol black were with white intermixed with pale grayish- used as stains. The image of the holotype brown scales or scales pale grayish was taken with a Visionary Digital Im- brown tipped with white intermixed with aging System. The Methuen Handbook of pale grayish-brown scales along apical Colour (Kornerup and Wanscher 1978) margin of each tarsomere. Forewing was used as a color standard. All types are (Fig. 1) length 7.8–10.2 mm (n=3), pale deposited in The Natural History Museum brown intermixed with white scales or (NHM), London, United Kingdom. white intermixed with pale-brown scales; basal 1/3–1/2 of costa brown, RESULTS anteroapical costa pale grayish brown; Calosima smithi Adamski, scales of distal 1/3–1/2 of marginal area new species grayish brown tipped with white. Un- dersurface brown. Venation with pter- urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:56C64A72- ostigma between Sc and R , and basal A431-425A-ABD6-C0B6628448DF 1 part of CuA and CuA nearly at right (Figs. 1–3) 1 2 angle to cubital vein. Hindwing trans- Diagnosis.—Calosima smithi is most lucent pale brown. Venation with cubitus similar to C. arguta (Meyrick 1918) from 3-branched, with M3 and CuA1 branched Natal, South Africa, sharing a similarly slightly beyond crossvein of cell. Downloaded From: https://bioone.org/journals/Proceedings-of-the-Entomological-Society-of-Washington on 05 Sep 2020 Terms of Use: https://bioone.org/terms-of-use Access provided by Entomological Society of Washington VOLUME 119, NUMBER SPECIAL ISSUE 699 Fig. 1. Holotype male of Calosima smithi Adamski. Abdomen: Terga 2–8 with transverse, flange absent. Vinculum narrow. Juxta irregular rows of spinelike setae. Terga platelike. Phallus (Fig. 3) nearly as long 2–7 with as many as 11–13 rows of as valva, slightly curved along apical 1/3; setae, interrupted mesoanteriorly by a sclerite of phallus broadly curved along smooth unscaled area, such that only 4–5 basal 1/2; anellus bearing numerous rows remain interrupted near posterior microsetae. Female unknown. end (not shown). Male genitalia (Figs. Holotype ♂, “KENYA: Laikipia; Impala 2–3) with uncus setose, laterally flat- Ranch, 1700 m; 0°17.806’ N, 36°51.927’E; tened, apical half acutely curved down- in domatium of A. drepanolobium; em 10.v. wards. Gnathos wide, bandlike, with 2010; Agassiz, Kioko, Mugambi & Ngugi,” posterior margin nearly straight, dorsal “USNMENT00719415,” “DNA2011” arms short, acuminate apically; sepa- [blue label], “BM ♂ Genitalia Slide No. rated from tegumen by a narrow mem- 32026” [NHM]. branous gap. Valva divided in two parts; Paratypes (2 ♂): 1 ♂, same label data dorsal part with a widened base, nar- as above except, “em 16.vi.2010,” “BM rowing at about 2/3, extending apically, ♂ Genitalia Slide No. 32027”; 1 ♂, forming a setose, digitate process; digi- same label data as above except, “in tate process extending slightly beyond domatium of A. drepanolobium iv. 10”; lower part of valva; base with a widened “em 25.viii.2010”; specimen not dissected ventral margin, with a microtrichiate [NHM]. basal area and a setose distal area Etymology.—Calosima smithi is above; ventral part of valva widened named in honor of David R. Smith, Re- from base, gradually narrowed apically, search Entomologist, Emeritus, Sys- forming
Recommended publications
  • Trees and Plants for Bees and Beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin
    Trees and plants for bees and beekeepers in the Upper Mara Basin Guide to useful melliferous trees and crops for beekeepers December 2017 Contents Who is this guide for? .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Introduction to the MaMaSe Project .................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Market driven forest conservation initiatives in the Upper Mara basin ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Water, apiculture, forests, trees and livelihoods ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Types of bees ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 How this
    [Show full text]
  • Causes and Consequences of Coexistence in the Vachellia Drepanolobium Ant-Plant Mutualism
    Causes and consequences of coexistence in the Vachellia drepanolobium ant-plant mutualism The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:40046465 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Causes and consequences of coexistence in the Vachellia drepanolobium ant-plant mutualism A dissertation presented by John Boyle to the Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the subject of Biology Harvard University Cambridge, Massachusetts April 2017 This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Dissertation Advisor: Professor Naomi E. Pierce John Boyle Causes and consequences of coexistence in the Vachellia drepanolobium ant-plant mutualism Abstract This thesis focuses on a mutualism between the East African acacia tree Vachellia drepanolobium and the species of canopy-dwelling ants that inhabit it. The tree provides the ants with nesting space in the canopy and extrafloral nectar, and in return the ants defend the tree from herbivores. Several different ant species compete vigorously with each other for this canopy nesting space. Despite this, coexistence is maintained among those species at fine spatial scales, apparently by a colonization-competition tradeoff: ant species that are the best at colonizing unoccupied trees are the worst at defending those trees from neighboring competitors, and vice versa.
    [Show full text]
  • Ant-​Plant Mutualism: Ant-​Acacia Interactions in African Savannas
    20 10 Integrating Ecological Complexity into Our Understanding of Ant- Plant Mutualism: Ant- Acacia Interactions in African Savannas Todd M. Palmer and Truman P. Young* Introduction Ant- plant protection mutualisms, and mutualisms more broadly, are typically defined as “+ / +” interactions, indicating that species on each side of the interac- tion have a positive effect on the per capita growth rate of their partner. But that simple representation belies potentially great complexity: each “+” sign represents the net effects of the interaction’s costs and benefits on the lifetime fitness of par- ticipants, and these costs and benefits may shift both spatially and temporally with environmental conditions, with variation in the guild of mutualist partners, and with variation in the community of interacting species outside of the mutualism. As these conditions change, so too may the strength of mutualism, with consequences that can strongly influence the communities in which these interactions are embed- ded. To understand mutualism, therefore, requires moving beyond traditional pair- wise approaches (Stanton, 2003), and accounting for both the complexity inherent in mutualist networks and the ways in which the surrounding environment affects these interactions. Doing this accounting correctly is important: our entire under- standing of mutualism, from the evolution of traits and behaviors to the stability of mutualism itself, is predicated on understanding how these interactions integrate to influence the lifetime fitness of the participants. To illustrate the complexity of mutualism, and to provide examples of how this complexity may affect its ecological and evolutionary dynamics, in this chapter we review ant- acacia interactions within the savannas and bushlands of East Africa.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Mammals Generate Both Top-Down Effects and Extended
    Journal of Tropical Ecology Large mammals generate both top-down www.cambridge.org/tro effects and extended trophic cascades on floral-visitor assemblages 1,2,3, 1,3 1 1,4 Research Article Allison Louthan *, Emily Valencia , Dino J. Martins , Travis Guy , Jacob Goheen1,5, Todd Palmer1,4 and Daniel Doak1,3 Cite this article: Louthan A, Valencia E, Martins DJ, Guy T, Goheen J, Palmer T and 1Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; 2Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Doak D (2019) Large mammals generate both 3 4 top-down effects and extended trophic USA; Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Biology, 5 cascades on floral-visitor assemblages. Journal University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of of Tropical Ecology 35,185–198. https://doi.org/ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA 10.1017/S0266467419000142 Abstract Received: 20 September 2018 Revised: 9 April 2019 Cascading effects of high trophic levels onto lower trophic levels have been documented in Accepted: 9 April 2019 many ecosystems. Some studies also show evidence of extended trophic cascades, in which guilds dependent on lower trophic levels, but uninvolved in the trophic cascade themselves, Keywords: Extended trophic cascade; floral visitor; are affected by the trophic cascade due to their dependence on lower trophic levels. Top-down flowers; large mammals; pollinators; trophic effects of large mammals on plants could lead to a variety of extended trophic cascades on the cascade; top-down effects; trophic ricochet many guilds dependent on plants, such as pollinators.
    [Show full text]
  • Seed Production, Infestation, and Viability in Acacia T
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Enlighten Rugemalila, D. M., Morrison, T., Anderson, T. M. and Holdo, R. M. (2017) Seed production, infestation, and viability in Acacia tortilis (synonym: Vachellia tortilis) and Acacia robusta (synonym: Vachellia robusta) across the Serengeti rainfall gradient. Plant Ecology, (doi:10.1007/s11258-017- 0739-5) This is the author’s final accepted version. There may be differences between this version and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. http://eprints.gla.ac.uk/143648/ Deposited on: 07 July 2017 Enlighten – Research publications by members of the University of Glasgow http://eprints.gla.ac.uk33640 RRH: Serengeti seed demography Title: Seed production, infestation and viability in Acacia tortilis (synonym: Vachellia tortilis) and Acacia robusta (synonym: Vachellia robusta) across the Serengeti rainfall gradient. Deusdedith M. Rugemalila1 *, Thomas Morrison2, T. Michael Anderson1 and Ricardo M. Holdo3 1Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston Salem, NC 27106, USA, 2Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom 3Odum School of Ecology - University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602-2202, USA *Corresponding author; e-mail: [email protected] 1 1 Abstract 2 Tree recruitment in savannas proceeds in multiple stages characterized by successive 3 filters occurring at the seed and seedling stages. The “demographic bottleneck” 4 hypothesis suggests that such filters ultimately restrict tree density and prevent trees from 5 dominating grasses in savannas, but many of the demographic transitions underlying this 6 assumption have not been quantified.
    [Show full text]
  • Polygyny Does Not Explain the Superior Competitive Ability of Dominant Ant Associates in the African Ant-Plant, Acacia (Vachellia) Drepanolobium
    W&M ScholarWorks Arts & Sciences Articles Arts and Sciences 2-2018 Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium John H. Boyle College of William and Mary, [email protected] Dino J. Martins Julianne Pelaez Paul M. Musili Staline Kibet See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/aspubs Recommended Citation Boyle, John H.; Martins, Dino J.; Pelaez, Julianne; Musili, Paul M.; Kibet, Staline; Ndung'u, S. Kimani; Kenfack, David; and Pierce, Naomi E., Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium (2018). ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION, 8(3). 10.1002/ece3.3752 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Arts and Sciences at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Arts & Sciences Articles by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Authors John H. Boyle, Dino J. Martins, Julianne Pelaez, Paul M. Musili, Staline Kibet, S. Kimani Ndung'u, David Kenfack, and Naomi E. Pierce This article is available at W&M ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/aspubs/94 Received: 8 August 2017 | Revised: 15 November 2017 | Accepted: 26 November 2017 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3752 ORIGINAL RESEARCH Polygyny does not explain the superior competitive ability of dominant ant associates in the African ant-plant, Acacia (Vachellia) drepanolobium John H. Boyle1,2 | Dino J. Martins1,3,4 | Julianne Pelaez5 | Paul M.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Position and Revised Classification of Acacia S.L. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, Including New Combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia
    Kyalangalilwa, B. et al. (2013). Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia. Botannical Journal of the Linnean Society, 172(4): 500 – 523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/boj.12047 Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia Bruce Kyalangalilwa, James S. Boatwright, Barnabas H. Daru, Olivier Maurin and Michelle van der Bank Abstract Previous phylogenetic studies have indicated that Acacia Miller s.l. is polyphyletic and in need of reclassification. A proposal to conserve the name Acacia for the larger Australian contingent of the genus (formerly subgenus Phyllodineae) resulted in the retypification of the genus with the Australian A. penninervis. However, Acacia s.l. comprises at least four additional distinct clades or genera, some still requiring formal taxonomic transfer of species. These include Vachellia (formerly subgenus Acacia), Senegalia (formerly subgenus Aculeiferum), Acaciella (formerly subgenus Aculeiferum section Filicinae) and Mariosousa (formerly the A. coulteri group). In light of this fragmentation of Acacia s.l., there is a need to assess relationships of the non-Australian taxa. A molecular phylogenetic study of Acacia s.l and close relatives occurring in Africa was conducted using sequence data from matK/trnK, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH with the aim of determining the placement of the African species in the new generic system. The results reinforce the inevitability of recognizing segregate genera for Acacia s.l. and new combinations for the African species in Senegalia and Vachellia are formalized.
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Neighboring Plants on the Dynamics of an Ant–Acacia
    Article Type: Articles Influence of neighboring plants on the dynamics of an ant-acacia protection mutualism Todd M. Palmer1,2*, Corinna Riginos2,3, Rachel E. Damiani1,2, Natalya Morgan1,2, John S. Lemboi2, James Lengingiro2, Juan Carlos Ruiz-Guajardo2,4, and Robert M. Pringle2,5 1. Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville FL, USA 2. Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya 3. Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY, USA 4. Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis CA, USA 5. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton NJ, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected] Running title: Grasses influence ant-plant mutualism Abstract Ant-plant protectionAuthor Manuscript symbioses, in which plants provide food and/or shelter for ants in exchange for protection from herbivory, are model systems for understanding the ecology of mutualism. This is the author manuscript accepted for publication and has undergone full peer review but has not been through the copyediting, typesetting, pagination and proofreading process, which may lead to differences between this version and the Version of Record. Please cite this article as doi: 10.1002/ecy.2008 This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved While interactions between ants, host plants, and herbivores have been intensively studied, we know little about how plant-plant interactions influence the dynamics of these mutualisms— despite strong evidence
    [Show full text]
  • Influence of Neighboring Plants on the Dynamics of an Ant–Acacia Protection Mutualism
    Ecology, 98(12), 2017, pp. 3034–3043 © 2017 by the Ecological Society of America Influence of neighboring plants on the dynamics of an ant–acacia protection mutualism 1,2,6 2,3 1,2 1,2 2 TODD M. PALMER, CORINNA RIGINOS, RACHEL E. DAMIANI, NATALYA MORGAN, JOHN S. LEMBOI, 2 2,4 2,5 JAMES LENGINGIRO, JUAN C. RUIZ-GUAJARDO, AND ROBERT M. PRINGLE 1Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA 2Mpala Research Centre, Nanyuki, Kenya 3Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA 4Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California at Davis, Davis, California, USA 5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA Abstract. Ant–plant protection symbioses, in which plants provide food and/or shelter for ants in exchange for protection from herbivory, are model systems for understanding the ecol- ogy of mutualism. While interactions between ants, host plants, and herbivores have been intensively studied, we know little about how plant–plant interactions influence the dynamics of these mutualisms, despite strong evidence that plants compete for resources, that hosting ants can be costly, and that host-plant provisioning to ants can therefore be constrained by resource availability. We used field experiments in a semiarid Kenyan savanna to examine inter- actions between the ant-plant Acacia drepanolobium, neighboring grasses, and two species of symbiotic acacia-ants with divergent behaviors: Crematogaster mimosae, an aggressive sym- biont that imposes high costs to host trees via consumption of extrafloral nectar, and Tetrapon- era penzigi, a less-protective symbiont that imposes lower costs because it does not consume nectar.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogenetic Position and Revised Classification of Acacia S.L
    bs_bs_banner Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 172, 500–523. With 1 figure Phylogenetic position and revised classification of Acacia s.l. (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) in Africa, including new combinations in Vachellia and Senegalia BRUCE KYALANGALILWA1, JAMES S. BOATWRIGHT2, BARNABAS H. DARU1, OLIVIER MAURIN1 and MICHELLE VAN DER BANK1,* 1African Centre for DNA Barcoding, University of Johannesburg, APK Campus, PO Box 524, Auckland Park 2006, Johannesburg, South Africa 2Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Private Bag x17, Bellville, 7535, Cape Town, South Africa Received 9 July 2012; revised 5 October 2012; accepted for publication 27 February 2013 Previous phylogenetic studies have indicated that Acacia Miller s.l. is polyphyletic and in need of reclassification. A proposal to conserve the name Acacia for the larger Australian contingent of the genus (formerly subgenus Phyllodineae) resulted in the retypification of the genus with the Australian A. penninervis. However, Acacia s.l. comprises at least four additional distinct clades or genera, some still requiring formal taxonomic transfer of species. These include Vachellia (formerly subgenus Acacia), Senegalia (formerly subgenus Aculeiferum), Acaciella (formerly subgenus Aculeiferum section Filicinae) and Mariosousa (formerly the A. coulteri group). In light of this fragmentation of Acacia s.l., there is a need to assess relationships of the non-Australian taxa. A molecular phylogenetic study of Acacia s.l and close relatives occurring in Africa was conducted using sequence data from matK/trnK, trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH with the aim of determining the placement of the African species in the new generic system. The results reinforce the inevitability of recognizing segregate genera for Acacia s.l.
    [Show full text]
  • Taylor, B., Mcgavin, G. 2020. Ants Found on Acacia of The
    Taylor B. & McGavin G. Belgian Journal of Entomology 991:9 1–xx47 (2020) ISSN: 2295-0214 www.srbe-kbve.be urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:76FC8BB6-8555-4FD6-87E6-FB60889ED60Durn: Belgian Journal of Entomology AntsAnts foundfound onon acaciaacacia ofof thethe genusgenus VachelliaVachellia andand otherother savannahsavannah trees at Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania, with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) BrianBrian TTAYLORaylor1¹ && GeorgeGeorge MMCGAVINcGavin² 2 ¹Grazingfield, Wilford, Nottingham NG11 7FN, U.K. E-mail: [email protected] (Corresponding author) ²Oxford Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, U.K. Published:Published: Brussels, Brussels, Jary, July 202 28, 02020 1 Belgian Journal of Entomology 99: 1–47 (2020) Front cover : The holotype of ( Polyrhachis mkomaziae ) Taylor & McGavin, 2020 2 Taylor B. & McGavin G. Ants on acacia trees in Tanzania Ants found on acacia of the genus Vachellia and other savannah trees at Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania with the description of a new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Brian Taylor¹* & George McGavin² ¹11, Grazingfield, Wilford, Nottingham NG11 7FN, U.K. ² Oxford Museum of Natural History, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PW, U.K. * Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract Sampling of ten species of trees in the Mkomazi Game Reserve, Tanzania, by a pyrethrum knock-down technique yielded forty-six species of ants. The results are compared with findings on acacia Vachellia trees in Kenya and show a different pattern of occupation. In addition to dominant species of Crematogaster, we give an appendix with notes on all the ants. There are first reports for Tanzania of 25 species. A new species, Polyrhachis mkomaziae, is described.
    [Show full text]
  • Large Mammals Generate Both Top-Down Effects and Extended
    Journal of Tropical Ecology Large mammals generate both top-down www.cambridge.org/tro effects and extended trophic cascades on floral-visitor assemblages 1,2,3, 1,3 1 1,4 Research Article Allison Louthan *, Emily Valencia , Dino J. Martins , Travis Guy , Jacob Goheen1,5, Todd Palmer1,4 and Daniel Doak1,3 Cite this article: Louthan A, Valencia E, Martins DJ, Guy T, Goheen J, Palmer T and 1Mpala Research Centre, P.O. Box 555, Nanyuki, Kenya; 2Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, Doak D (2019) Large mammals generate both 3 4 top-down effects and extended trophic USA; Environmental Studies Program, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Biology, 5 cascades on floral-visitor assemblages. Journal University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA and Department of Zoology & Physiology, University of of Tropical Ecology 35,185–198. https://doi.org/ Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA 10.1017/S0266467419000142 Abstract Received: 20 September 2018 Revised: 9 April 2019 Cascading effects of high trophic levels onto lower trophic levels have been documented in Accepted: 9 April 2019 many ecosystems. Some studies also show evidence of extended trophic cascades, in which guilds dependent on lower trophic levels, but uninvolved in the trophic cascade themselves, Keywords: Extended trophic cascade; floral visitor; are affected by the trophic cascade due to their dependence on lower trophic levels. Top-down flowers; large mammals; pollinators; trophic effects of large mammals on plants could lead to a variety of extended trophic cascades on the cascade; top-down effects; trophic ricochet many guilds dependent on plants, such as pollinators.
    [Show full text]