RADIOCARBON, Vol 44, Nr 2, 2002, p 455–472 © 2002 by the Arizona Board of Regents on behalf of the University of Arizona DATING THE FIRST AUSTRALIANS Richard Gillespie Dizzy Heights, Ripps Road, Stokers Siding NSW 2484, Australia. Email:
[email protected]. ABSTRACT. The dating of selected archaeological and megafaunal sites from the Australian region is reviewed, with emphasis on recent work at some of the oldest sites. Improved chemical procedures with decreased analytical background for 14C analysis, combined with new luminescence dating methods, has confirmed many of the results processed decades ago and significantly increased the maximum age for some others. The oldest occupation horizons in four different regions reliably dated by defendable multi-method results are in the range 42–48,000 calendar years ago, overlapping with the age range for similarly well-dated undisturbed sites containing the youngest extinct megafauna. There is less secure evidence suggesting some archaeology may be earlier and some megafauna may have survived later than this period. INTRODUCTION Estimates of the time since humans first occupied the extended Late Pleistocene continent Sahul (sometimes called Greater Australia or Meganesia) have steadily increased since systematic archae- ological excavation and radiocarbon dating became established in the 1960s. Jones (1968) consid- ered 30,000 BP a reasonable estimate for the earliest arrivals, based on the available evidence show- ing 3 or 4 sites with 14C dates of more than 20,000 BP. In the second edition of The Prehistory of Australia (Mulvaney 1975) an appended date list documented four sites in Australia and one in New Guinea with 14C results older than 25,000 BP.