Microfilms and Microcards: Their Use in Research

THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Reference Department GENERAL REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY DIVISION

MICROFILMS AND MICROCARDS: THEIR USE IN RESEARCH

A Selected List oí References THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Reference Department GENERAL REFERENCE AND BIBLIOGRAPHY DIVISION

MICROFILMS AND MICROCARDS: THEIR USE IN RESEARCH

A Selected List oí Reference*

Compiled by Blanche Prichard McCrum

WASHINGTON JUNE 1950 This publication is sold by the Card División, Library of Congress, Washington 25, D. C. Price 55 cents. Its purchase may "be charged against card accounts of subscribers to the card servicej others niust pay in advance by check or money order made payable to the Librarían of Congress. Postage stamps are not accepted»

PÜECHASES FROM FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE MADE WHH ÜHESCO BOOK COPPOHS.

L.Co Card, 50-62951 TAELE OF CONTENTS

Page Foreword iii

Key to Symbols v

Books, Monographs, and Journals 1

Articles in Periodicals, 1946-1950 25

Toplcal Index 73 -iii-

FOREWORD

Microfilms and microcards of records, books, and manuscripts

are contributing in ever increasing measure to that "critical and

exhaustive investigation or experimentation having for its aim

the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation."

Bankers, engineers, industrialists, lawyers and government agencies

— to mention only a few specialized interests — have a growing

stake in the products of the techniques. Therefore, these types

of photographic reproduction by no means may be considered the

special province of the professional archivist, documentalist,

or librarian. Quite on the contrary, it seems evident that in years to come investigators working in a growing number of dis-

ciplines must take careful account of such means for securing a more complete mastery of materials basic to their research,

For the information of such research workers the bibliography of selected references which follows has been prepared.

Its purpose is to indicate the sources from which may be gained understanding of the history, development, spread, and present utility of microfilms and microcards. Types of material which may be located through the use of existing catalogs and lists have been emphasized as well as the services that make the reproductions available. On the other hand, the list is not designed to appeal to»the highly specialized interests of professional photographers and technicians, or to contribute to - iv - the literature of library administration in this fieldj ñor does it cover developments in countries other than the United States.

Excursions down all of these divergent paths obviously would have ended in a forest of references hardly to be seen in any one perspective because of its many bibliographical trees. Neverthe- less, for the convenience of those whose interests center in the latter aspects of the subject, incidental references under these categori.es, which carne to hand in the course of the investigation, have been included rather than discarded.

Part I of the list, with two or three exceptions, is limited to recording books, monographs, bibliographies, catalogs, and journals. Among these, emphasis on recent publications has caused the elimination of various otherwise desirable items, only a few of which have been retained for historical purposes. Part II, however, exeludes practically all references except those to periodical articles published since January 1, 1946, a period filled with technical improvements in the two media that result in large part from the Ímpetus gained throu^i the use of photographic reproductions during World War II.

A brief topical index is supplied as a substitute for a classified. arrangement of entries which proved impractical because of the character of the material, and a key to symbols used is also provided.

Blanche Prichard McGrum - V -

KEI TO SYMBOLS

GPRR Library of Congress, Government Publications Reading Boom

Law Library of Congress, Law Library

MRR Library of Congress, Microfilm Reading Room

SD Library of Congrsss, Seriáis División

SR Library of Congress, Slavic Room THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS

GENERAL REFERENCE áND BIBLIOGRAPHI DIVISION

MICROFILMS AND MICROCARDS: THEIR USE IN RESEARCH A Selected List of References

Compiled by Blanche Prichard McCrum

I. Books, Monographs, and Journals

1 American Council of Learned Societies. British manuscript project. (In Modera Language Association of America. Publications (Menasha, Wis.) 1944» v. 59, suppl. pt. 2: 1463-1488.) PB6.M6, v. 59 Gives brief historical account of launching the project, and the results obtained by 1944j estimates pages requested for microfilmi,ng at approximately 25 million, and 2500 one-hundred- foot rolls of film, containing 6 or 7 manuscripts each, as the supply to be made available finally in the Microfilm Reading Room of the Library of Congress; includes sample contents list of collections microfilmed from Cambridge (England) libraries, this being part of a complete listing undertaken by the General Library of the University of Michigan, where positive copies of the Library of Congress negatives were being deposited.

2 [List of materials on microfilm available through the Russian Reprint Program. Washington, 1948+] unpaged. Processed. SR Issued irregularly. See also Proceedings of the annual meeting Of the Council held on Jan. 2?-28, 1949 (Its Bulletin (Washington) March 1949, no. 42: 78-80) for further information on the Reprint Program. "Experiment is also being made with other forms of

May 1, 1950 - 2 -

2 American Council of Learned Societies. British manuscript project. [List of materials on microfilm ...] (cont.) reproduction, microfilm, microcard, etc.; especially for very large items like encyclopedias and diction- aries and for items in demand by only a few institutions or individuáis."

3 American documentation. v. 1* Winter (Jan. 1950)+ Washington 6, American Documentation Institute (1719 N St., N.W.) 1950* SD 15.00 a year in U.S. and abroad Quarterly, ed. by Vernon D. Tate. "... an independent, impartial critical journal whose editors and publishers are motivated only by the spirit óf scientific inquiry and service to the users of documentation." Prospectus. Aims to retain features of the Journal of Docu- mentary Reproduction (discontinued) including emphasis on photographic, mechanical, and other techniques.

4 American Documentation Institute. Catalog of auxiliary publications in microfilms and photoprints. Washington, 1946. 51 p. Processed. Z1033.M5A5 Lists documents deposited under a prograin established in 1937 to enable scientists and scholars to make available important papera too long for publicatión in journals, these to be kept on order as microfilms or photoprints by the Institute (1719 N St., N.W., Washington 6, D.C.) "This publication will be distributed free so long as this edition is available."

5 American Standards Association. American standard for reels for processed microfilm. Z3B.7.17-1946. New York 17, The Association (70 East 45th Street) 1946. 1 p. (American standards for photography other than cinematography series) Price 15 cents Covers spindle holes, core, separation and thickness of flanges, capacity and outside diameter. Approved August 9> 1946, by the Association; sponsor, the Optical Society of America.

6 American standard practice for microfilms. Z3&.7.&-1947. New York, The Association, 1947. 2 p. (American standards for photography other than cinematography series) Price 25 cents Defines the term "microfilm," specifies the stock to be used for safety, describes proper width and - 3 -

6 American Standards Association. American standard practice for microfilms (cont.) perforation when present, winding, thickness of film base, format and placement. Appi*oved December 5, 1947 by the Association; sponsor, the Optical Society of America.

7 American standard specification for microfilm readers. Z38.7.9-1946. New York, The Association, 1946. 2 p. (American standards for photography other than cinematography series) Price 15 cents Defines "miorofilm reader" and gives details of standard dimensions, lenses, magnificatión, and illumination. Approved August 9, 1946, by the Asso- ciation; sponsor, the Optical Society of America.

8 Assembly of Librarians of the Americas. lst, Washington, D.C., 1947. Proceedings, lst assembly, May 12 to June 6, 1947» A report by Luther H. Evans, Ghairraan of the Assembly. Washington, Library of Congress, 1948. 314 p. Z673.A64, 1947- See p. 236-239 for report of a seminar on photographic reproduction. Points emphasized are: damages to printed and manuscript materials, notably in the tropics, which cali for reproduction on microfilm, as, for instan ce, in Guatemala; advisability of establishing in various countries centers for dissemination of information on microfilm; hope that the archives of Nicaragua, badly damaged by earthquake in 1931» may be restored by microphotographic reproduction.

9 Bibliography of Russian periodicals [of which microfilm copies have been deposited in the Library of Congress] Washington, 1948. 1. B-l-656. Processed. SR No longer issued. For current bibliographical information concerning Russian monographic and periodical material, whether in the original form of publications or in microfilm copies, see U.S. Library of Congress. Processing Department. Monthly List of Russian Accessions April 1948+ v. 1* (Washington, The Library) 1948* Unless otherwise indicated, items listed are represented in the collections of the Library of Congress; however, symbols are used to show location of material in other libraries when entries for such holdings are supplied. - 4 -

10 Binkley, Robert C. Selected papers, ed. by Max H. Fisch, with a foreword by Luther H. Evans. Cambridge, Mass., Harvard Univ. Press, 1948. 426 p. D15.B55A3 Contents of Part II, p. 169-274, having the title, "The Economy of Scholarship": The problem of perlshable paper.—New tools for men of letters.—History for a democracy.—The reproduction of materials for research.—The cultural program of the W.P.—World intellectual organization.—Strategic objectives in archival policy. The theme of microfilm as a tool of scholarship runs through these essays.

11 British Standards Institution. British standard specifications, 1947, no. 1371. London, The Institution, 1947. 11 P. Govers 35- and 16-mm. microfilm, microfilm readers, reels, arrangement of images, and sequence of pages. See EngLneering Index 1948, p. 779.

12 Brown University. Photographic Laboratory. Latin Americana available on microfilm; preliminary list number 2 (cumulative). Providence, R.I., The University, 1943- 60 p. Processed. Z1610.B7 "This list includes the titles contained on 128 reels of film copies of books in the Medina Collec- tion of Biblioteca Nacional de Santiago de Chile. The first 64 reels contain titles listed in Medina's Imprenta en México, to 1800; and reels 65-128. contain items taken from his Biblioteca Hispano-Americana, to the year 1691." Another major project of the Photographic Laboratory is the Mathematical Revievr microfilm service.

13 Bush, Vannevar. Endless horizonsj introduction by Dr. Frank B. Jewett. Washington, D. C., Public Affairs Press, 1946. 182 p. Q171.B957 See particularly chapter 2, p. 16-38, "As We May Think," published originally in The Atlantic Monthly. July 1945, v. 176: 101-108. On p. 22-23 of the present publication appears a forecast of the long way microphotography had to go in the middle 1940's, illustrated by suggestions of such possibilities as a total factor of 10,000 between the bulk of a printed record and the same material on microfilm, in whieh case the Encyclopaedia Britannica would have the same total volume as a matchbox, could be made of materials that cost five cents and be mailed anywhere for one cent. Considers also a possible device - 5 -

13 Bush, Vannevar. Endless horizons ... (cont.) called "memex," by which an individual might store improved microfilm and all necessary books and records in an arrangement so mechanized as to be consulted with great speed and flexibility. The writer is President of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, builder of the Differential Analyser, and originator of the principies upon which the development of the Microfilm Rapid Selector was based.

14 Canadian Library Association— Association Canadienne des Bibliotheques. Newspaper microfilming project— microfilms de journaux. Catalogue, no. 1. Ottawa, The Association, 1948. 28 p. Z6954.C2C18 1948

Supplement, catalog no. 2. Ottawa, The Association, 1949. p. 28-37. Z6954.C2C18 1949 Supplement published also in Canadian Library Association bulletin (Ottawa) May 1949, v. 5: 201-212 with which is included a unión list of Canadian newspapers on microfilm. Both catalogs contain exceptionally full historical notes on each newspaper described and give prices of microfilms.

15 Cibella, Ross C. Directory of microfilm sources, including photostat service. New York, Special Librarles Asso- ciation, 1941. 56 p. Processed. Z265.C5 1941 3ee also Special Libraries Association. Cogimittee on Microfilming and Documentation. Directory of Microfilm Services, rev. ed., 1947*

16 Conference on Microcopying Research Materials in Foreign Depositories, Washington, D. C., 1940. Proceedings of the Conference, American Council of Learned Societies, June 5-6, 1940, Washington, D. C. Washington, 1940. Film copy of a typewritten manuscript in 289 pages made in 1940 by the Library of Congress. Positive. Film Z-2

17 De Sola, Ralph. Microfilming. New York, Essential Books, 1944. 258 p. illus. TR470.D4 Defines microfilming, gives high lights of its history, states uses and advantages, and devotes five chapters to techniques for making, processing, printing, enlarging and standardizing microfilm; includes a section on reading and filing, and concludes with a glossary of technical and trade terms. Valued as a clear, concise, and readable presentation, with copious illustrations. - 6 -

18 Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation. Bericht über die Tagung.... Kttln, 9-und 10 Dezember 1948. 29 p. Processed. Heinz Schurer, in reviewing the work of this meeting in The Journal of Documentation, June 1949, v. 5: 41, says that only one item was on the agenda of the Cologne conference, namely, the utilization of microphotography in aid of Germán libraries which have suffered immense war losses. Legal and technical problems involved were thoroughly discussed. Not available for examination. 19 Die Dokvmientation und ihre Probleme, Vortráge gehalten auf der ersten Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Dokumentation vom 21. bis 24. September 1942 in Salzburg. Leipzig, 0. Harrassowitz, 1943. 205 p. Z1008.D485 "Schrifttum": p. 113-114. Bibliographical foot-notes. See "Documentary Reproduction in Germany," a review of the work by Icko Iben in College and Research Libraries April 1948, v. 9: 180-183: "Three final papers are concerned with photographic reproduction and microphotography. Brich Mehne discusses microphotography from the archivist's angle and suggests that filming is the best method for quick preservation of materials and that permanent preservation is best insured by reproduction on glass plates, supplemented by múltiple storage in air conditioned rooras, vdth diapositives for control. ... "Walter Rahts goes into detail about the methods of copying records and books by filming, contact-printing, and reflex photography... "Hermann Joachim reports on a number of cameras used in photographic reproduction as well as on novel reading devices. Among the latter is a reading machine which is equipped with a film holder in front and below the reading surface, and which has a light source outside of the machine to keep it from heating the apparatus..."

20 Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y. Copying; a kodak data book with a dual purpose. 4th ed. Rochester, The Com- pany, 1945. 44 p. Price 35 cents Provides instructions for photographic copying and states that "The general copying techniques described here apply both to copying with large cameras and to microfilm." "References": p. 35. - 7 -

21 Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, N. Y. Selected references on microfilming and microfilm services. Rochester, Sales Service División, Eastman Kodak Co., 1949. 3 p. (ZP-7) Processed. Apply to the Company Includes a section on "Microfilm in the Business Office."

22 Storage of microfilms, sheet films, and prints (safety film base and paper base materials only). Rochester, Sales Service División, Eastman Kodak Co., 1946. 16 p. For price apply to the Company Reviewed by Gust Skordas in The American Archivist, July 1949} v. 12: 229, and mentioned by Hermán H, Fussler as a useful publication in his contribution to Library Buildings for Library Service, p. 83 (no. 25 in this bibliography.)

23 Engineering Research Associates, Inc. Report for the Micro- film Rapid Selector. St. Paul, Minn. and Arlington, Va., Engineering Research Associates, 20 June, 1949. 30 p. (PB97313) Processed. SD Explains that development of the Selector was carried out under contract with the Department of Comnierce, Office of Technical Services, Indus- trial Research and Development División, and that the faciüties of the Library of the Department of Agriculture, together with the specialized experience of its librarían, Mr. Ralph R. Shaw, and staff, filled the requirements of a testing agency; henee the project represented cooperation between the Departments of Commerce and Agriculture and Engineering Research Associates, Inc.j summarizes results of the project to develop the Selector, which is similar in basic concept to the Bush Rapid Selector announced by Massachuaetts Insti- tute of Technology in 1940; gives technical details and includes numerous illustrations.

24 Faivret, Th. La photomicrographie a la Maison de la Chimie. (In Livre et document. Saint-Cloud, Editions de la "Revue du Livre et des Bibliothéques," 1948. p. 89-94) Z1009.L68 The Chef de Service of the Office International de Chimie presents a technical article on experi- ments made by the Office in the use of microfilm and "microfiche." See "Quarterly Documentary Survey" Journal of Documentation, June 1948, v. 4: 61-62 - 8 -

24 Faivre.t, Th. La photomicrographie a la Mal son de la Gttttóe (cont.) for a statement that this article illustrates the confusion of terms used in documentary reproduction, since "photomicrography" appears in the title, but the material covered in the article relates to microfilm and microcards.

25 Fussler, Hermán H. Photographic reproduction. (In Chicago. University. Gradúate Library School. Library buildings for library service. Papers presented before the Libraiy Institute at the Uni- versity of Chicago, August 5-10, 1946, ed. .by;-Mm^xi .H. Fussler. Chicago, American Library Association, 1947. p. 80-86) Z679.C55 States the considerations involved in the production and in the use of microfilm and comments briefly on the influence of techniques for photographic reproduction upon future designs for library buildings.

26 Photographic reproduction for librarles, a study of administrative problems. Chicago, 111., Univ. of Chicago Press, 1942. 218 p. (The University of Chicago studies in library science) Z265.F8 A basic source in which "Particular stress has been given to those matters which might affect library policy and to those fundamental problems which a library administrator must face when con- sidering the use or the production of photographic reproductions"; written by the former head of the Department of Photographic Reproduction of the University of Chicago Library and now Director of that university's libraries. "Selected bibliography": p. 205-206.

27 Goebel, Joseph. Schrift, Letter, Mikrokopie. Mainz, Druck der Mainzer Presse, 1940. 21 p. Z265.G58 Pref. by C. H. KLeukens. For a review see note on article by W. B. Ellinger, no. 122 in this bibliography.

28 Gt. Brit. Parliament. House of Commons. British sessional papers. House of Commons. New York, Readex Micro- print Corp., 1943* J301.K613 MRR Edgar L. Erickson, editor. Accompanied by the "Manual of the British House of Commons Sessional Papers, ed. by Prof. Edgar L. Erickson." For historical details of launching the project to microprint the Papers, and for the signing of - 9 -

28 Gt. Brit. Parliament. House of Commons. British sessional papers (cont.) the agreeraent between the Committee on the British Sessional Papers, a special committee of the Ameri- can Historical Association, and the Readex Micro- print Corporation of New York (Mr. Albert Boni, publisher, president) see Edgar L. Erickson's "The Sessional Papers Project," Journal of Documentary Reproduction, June 1941, v. 4: 33-93; an article written by the Chainnan of the Committee.

29 Greenwood, Herbert W. Document photography, individual copying and mass recording. London and New York, Focal Press, 1943. 163 p. TR470.G7 "... this book is intended to stress the use and valué of document photography for record work and service in commerce and industry...Ñor should the contribution..,[it] can make to science and its help in the diffusión of knowledge of all kinds be overlooked"; a technical introduction to the work of making and keeping photographic reproductions, including microfilm; contains numerous illustrations.

30 Institut Pasteur, Paris. Service des Microfilms de l'Insti- tut Pasteur. Paris, L'Institut, 1945* 33 p. Lists some 1000 periodicals in medicine and related fields from which the Institute was under- takLng to supply material on microfilms. See Revue de la documentation, 1947, v. 14, fase. 2:121. Not available for examination.

31 Jackson, William A. Some limitations of microfilm. (In The Bibliographical Society of America. Papers. New York, The Society, 1941. v. 35: 281-288) Z1008.B51P, v. 35 States technical difficulties experienced when attempting to apply photographic reproduction in a study of "objeets where exact verisimilitude is of utmost importance," and the failure of microfilm to give the "feel" of the original which is an important element in detecting cancels, facsimile leaves, or a change of paper in a rare volume. The author is Assistant Librarian of Harvard College Library, in charge of The Houghton Library.

32 Jenkins, William S. State documents microfilms as research sources for law librarles, n.p., 1948. 77-87 p. Z1223.5.A1J4 Reprinted from the Law Library Journal, v. 41, no. 2, May 1948. - 10 -

32 Jenkins, William S. State documents microfilms... (cont.) The Director of the State Records Microfilm Project gives the legal profession an account of the Legisla- tive Journals Microfilm Project entered upon in March 1941 by the Library of Congress in cooperation with the University of North Carolina and expanded in 1946 to the Legislative Documents Microfilm Project.

33 Joint Committee on Materials for Research. Manual on methods of reproducing research materials; a survey made for the Joint Committee on Materials for Research of the Social Science Research Council and the American Council of Learned Societies, by Robert C. Binkley...with the assistance of Dr. T. R. Schellenberg, Professor Miles Hanley, Miss Josephine McCarter, Miss Adeline Barry and many others. Ann Arbor, Mich., Edwards Brothers, 1936. 207 p. Processed. TR470.J6 1936 Revised and enlarged edition of Methods of Repro- ducing Research Materials, issued in 1931. "An early, and in its time complete, survey of scientific aids to learning...Binkley's book is a classic and will remain one in spite of some recent changes regarding technical detall." Quoted from Lucia Moholy's New Library Techniques. See no. 190 in this bibliography.

34 The Journal of documentary reproduction; a quarterly review of the application of photography and allied techniques to library, museum and archiva! service. v. 1- 5j «inter 1938-Dec. 1942. Chicago, American Library Asso- ciation, 1938-42. 5 v. Z265.J86 Edited by V. D. Tate and others. No more publlshed. During the years of its Ufe this journal was the chiet source of current information for American scholars and übrarians on all phases of photographic reproduction as an aid to research. It remains an invaluable repository of historical data concerning such undertakings as the microfilming of all books printed in England before 1600, the Bibliofilm Service of the United States Department of Agriculture, and the project for microcopying the British Sessional Papers.

35 The Journal of documentation, devoted to the recording, organization and dissemination of specialized knowledge. v. 1* June 1945+ London, ASLIB [Association of Special Libraries and Information Bureaux] 1945* Z1007.J9 The publication is concerned with the methods of presenting information by translations, abstracts, indexes, and other means; with the organization and - 11 -

35 The Journal of documentation ... (cont.) distribution of such literature through leamed societies, information bureaux and libraries; with the organization of libraries, their cataloging, classificatión, and filing procedures; and with the application of bibliographical methods to particular subjects and classes of subjects, dealing also with their history. See particularly the "Quarterly Documentation Survey" in each issue, section on "Documentary Repro- duction," an annotated list of recent material, annotations of foreign articles being given in English» The Journal is not only the vehicle of significant articles on photographic reproduction as represented by microfilm and microcards but has also carried accounts of various innovations and discoveries, as, for example, Luther H. Evans' "Images from the Air: the Beginnings of Ultrafax," in the issue for March 1949, v. 4: 248-250.

36 Kansas. Legislative Council. Research Dept. Microfilm for public records. March 1942. Topeka, Research Dept., Kansas Legislative Council, 1942. 11 p. (Its Publi- cation no. 114) Processed. Z265.K3 Not available for examination.

37 Leahy, Enmett J. Records management in the United States Government; a report with recommendations prepared for the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949. 48 p. CD3023.L43 Task forcé report on Records management, Appen- dix C, to the "Hoover Report." See particularly p. 9, 12, 25, 35, 38, and 46 for the part to be played by microfilm in a program. of selective and economical preservation, also disposal, of records of the United States Government, which at the time of the preparation of the task forcé report occupied more than 18,000,000 square feet (an area equal to that of six Pentagons), and cost annually $27,000,000 in space charges and $20,000,000 for operation and maintenance; includas (p. 41-47) a draft of a proposed bilí to be known as the "Federal Records Administration Act of 1949" in which Section 27 reads: "Photographs (or microphotographs) of any records made in compliance with regulations promulgated as provided in this Act shall have the same forcé and effect as the origináis thereof would have and shall be treated as origináis for the purpose of their admissibility in evidence.. - 12 -

37 Leahy, Emmett J. Records management in the United States Government... (cont.) Author (1949) was Executive Director, National Records Management Council.

38 Livre et document; études sur le livre, les bibliothéques et la documentation, pub. sous la direction de Georgette de Grolier. Saint-Cloud, "Revue du Livre et des Bibliothéques," 1948. 94 p. Z1009.L68 See particularly p. 87-94 for articles by Th. Faivet and Lucia Moholy, described respectively in no. 24 and no. 45.

39 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Library. M.I.T. library annual, 1948 j ed. by Vemon D. Tate and Margaret P. Hazen. Cambridge, Mass., The Library, 1949? 84 p. Price 75 cents See particularly p. 39-42: "A Center for Scientific Aids to Learning," for statement concerning five fields of research in which the Center plans to engage, the second field being that of documentary reproduction, including "photography, microphotography, microcard, miniatúre facsimile, and related techniques." On p. 83 the establishment of a microfilm service is announced.

40 The Micro news, v. 1* 1948+ Hingham, Mass., National Microfilm Association, 1948+ SD See v. 1, p. 1: "This bulletin is the first of a regular publication issued by your Association... The purpose... is to serve as a médium of exchange of ideas and as a source of infonnation regarding new developments, regula ti ons, or equipment..

41 The Microcard bulletin. no. 1+ June 1948* Middletown, Conn., Microcard Foundation, 1948* SD Provides a curreiit source of information on various phases of n¿crocard production, costs, works issued on microcards, reading machines and miscellaneous news. Bulletin no. 5, October 1949, is devoted entirely to a Catalog of Microcard Publi- cations, no. 1, 16 p= Examples of works included in whole or in part in the catalog are Beilstein's Handbuch, Early English Text Society publications, the "Rolls Series," the Annals of Congréss, etc. Works published on microcards are listed under publishers issuing them. - 13 -

42 Microfilm, abstracts; a collection of abstracts of doctoral dissertations which are available in complete forra in microfilm, v. 1, no. 1+ Ann Arbor, University Micro- films, 1938+ Processed. AS30.M5 Semi-annual. Includes also abstracts of monographs, with material classified by broad subjects such as Astronomy, Education, Music, etc.

43 Microfilm of medical publications. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) July 1947, v. 1: 80. GPRR Announces a reproduction service on microfilm (negatives only in 1947) of periodical articles in the field of medicine; attributes the service to the generosity of Dr. Atherton Seidell, Honorary Consultant to the Army Medical Library (1946); states that application should be addressed in duplicate tQ the Bibliothécaire en Chef de la Faculte de Medecine (Service Microfilms) 12 rué de l'Ecole-de-Medecine, Paris 6, France; described also the microfilm service of the Library of the Pasteur Institute for reproducing articles in available reviews and journals, application to be made to Service des Microfilms, Institut Pasteur, 25 rué du Docteur-Roux, París 15, France.

44 Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Mich. A preliminary list of foreign periodicals currently available on microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich., Microfilms Inc., 1942. 8 p. Processed. Z6955.Z9M5 A list made up almost entirely of technical and scientific periodicals considered particularly useful in connection with the war effort; Germán publications greatly outnumber those of other countries. See UNESCO Bulletin for Libraries, October 1947, v. 1: 190 for an announcement of List no. 7, June 1, 1946.

45 Moholy, Lucia. Le Service de Microfilm de l'ASLIB. (In Livre et document. Saint-Cloud, Editions de la "Revue du Livre et des Bibliothéques,11 1948. p. 87-89) Z1009.L68 Contains in briefer form part of the material found in the writer's ASLIB Microfilm Service (no. 185)

46 Noli, Daniel F., comp. A.selected bibliography on microphotography. Washington, U.S. National Archives, 1948. p. 150-153• (National Archives publication 49-5) CD3020.A45, v. 11 Reprinted from the American Archivist, v. 1, April 1948. - 14 -

46 Noli, Daniel F„, comp. A selected bibliography... (cont.) Designed to provide a well-rounded approach to the subject vdthout placing undue emphasis on microphotography for libraries. Compiled by a member of the Audio-Visual Records División staff of the National Archives, who during World War II developed procedures described in the U.S. War Department Technical Manual no. 12-257> °n the microfilming of records, entered as no. 79 in this bibliography. See also editorial statemerit accom- panying the first issue of the feature, "From the Microphotographer's Mail," American Archivist, July 1948, v. 11: 238, no. 199-

47 Odell, Margaret K., and E. P. Strong. Records management and filing operations. New York, McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1947. 342 p0 HF5733.04 Not available for examination.,

48 Philadelphia Bibliographical Center and Union Library Catalogue. Committee on Microphotography. Union list of microfilms; a basic list of holdings in the United States and Cañada. Philadelphia, 1942. 379 p. Processed. Z1033.M5P5 Supplement, no. 1- 5, 1942-1946. Phila- delphia, 1943-1947. Z1033.M5P5 Suppl. Prepared as an aid to libraries and individuáis in building up collections of specialized materials, as a guide to the location of film and for interlibrary loan work, as a preventive of duplication of film by various libraries, and as an aid in shap- ing a policy for further filming. The original list published in 1942 included 5,221 items, representing a large proportion of the material on film ovnied by a majority of the major institutions in the country. cf„ Foreword.

49 A Proposed standard for the microphotographic reproduction of newspapers. American documentation (Washington) Jan. 1950, v. 1: 46-50. SD Preliminary draft of a set of bibliographic and technical standards resulting from study by a Committee on the Photographic Reproduction of Research Materials of the Association of Research Libraries; covers problems relating to the microphotographic reproduction of long runs of materials, specifically newspapers; deals with definitions, materials, bibliographical treatment, incomplete and damaged files, camera adjustments, and technical - 15 -

49 A Proposed standard for the microphotographic reproduction... (cont.) photographic details. The membership of the Com- mittee included Ralph Beals, New York Public Libraryj Donald Coney, University of California; Hermán H„ Fussler, University of Chicago; Keyes D. Metcalf, Harvard University; George A. Schwegmann, Library of Congress; and Vernon D. Tate, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chairman.

50 Recordak Corporation, New York. In bank after bank after bank; Recordak banking system. New York 17, The Corpo- ration (350 Madison Avenue) 1950. 40 p. Apply to Recordak Corporation Consists ehiefly of numerous illustrations accompanied by brief explanatory texts describing Recordak equipment for making and using microfilms of records in banks; includes data on approximate operating costs.

51 Re: Admissibility of "Recordak film picture records." New York, The Corporation (350 Madison Avenue) 1944. 21, 30 p. Apply to Recordak Corporation Using a number of cases reported in the courts of various states, illustrates proof necessary for the successful introduction of microfilm as evidence in 1944; also cites statutes that provide for recording photographs or photostats of documents in the offices of county clerks. Prepared for Eastman Kodak Company by Goodwin, Nixon, Hargrave, Middleton and Devans, Attorneys at Law, Rochester, New York„ "Revised—October, 1944."

52 Revue de la documentation. Review of documentation. v. 1* 1934-í- La Haye, International Federation for Documen- tation, 1934+ Z1007.R495 Title varies: v. 1-5, 1934-38, I. I. D. communicationes [Quarterly conmmnications, Cominunications tri- mestrielles, Dreimonatliche Berichte]—v. 6-13, 1939-46, F. I. D. communicationes. Issues examined (1946-1949) frequently include a section on "Bibliographia," in which entries appear regularly under "Microphotography"; contain also significant articles on international aspects of the use of microfilms and microcards. 16 -

53 Rider, Fremont. The scholar and the íuu.re of the research library . New York, Hadham Press, 1944. 236 p. ZÓ65.R53 A work v.ldely read and reviewed which demon- strates the alarming rate of growth in research library holdings and proposes to solve problems of space and accessibility by a new device, the microcard, planned to contain the entire text of a book in micropiint on library cards of the usual size, including the necessary cataloging data. See also Henkle, Hermán H., and Seymour Lubetzky. "The Future of the Research Library," College and Research Libraries, July 1946, v. 7: 280-284, republished vdth revisions from The Cíassical Journal, Dec. 1945» v. 41: 108-112.

54 Boyal Society of London. Scientific Information Conference, 1948. Recommendations adopted by the Conference, 21 June-2 July, 1948. London, Printed for the Society by Hazell, Watson and Viney, 1948? 19 p. Q101.R68 1948c See p. 18: British National Committee on Docu- mentation invited to appoint an advisory committee on documentary reproduction representing all interested bodies; suggests that the committee should watch new developments, stimulate those that are most desirable, and promote the adoption of the most effective procedures and standards, including those concerned with microfilm, and taking note of practices in the United States as well as elsewhere.

5 5 Report and papers submitted, 21 June - 2 July 1948. London, The Society, 1948. 723 p. Q101.R68 1948a See particularly p. 540-543: "Microfilms and Copy- right," by Bristows, Cooke & Carpmael (Paper no. 40). Considers very briefly not only British copyright legislation but also conditions under which copying may or may not be allowed in the United States. See also Index, p. 718, under "Microcards" and "Microfilm»"

56 Schwegmann, George A., ed. Newspapers on microfilm, a Union check list. Philadelphia, Office of the Execu- tive Secretary of the Association of Research Libraries, 1948, 1949. 176 p. Z6945.U52S33 "This checklist...'includes all entries of newspapers on microfilm which were reported to the National Union Catalog by libraries and other producers of microfilm.' It thus fulfills part of the plan of the Committee on Library Cooperation (formerly - 17 -

56 Schwegmann, George A., ed. Newspapers on microfilm... (cont.) known as the Committee on Interlibrary Cooperation in Microfilming Extensive Runs of Library Materials), which was created as a result of a memorándum addressed to the Executive Secretary of the Association of Research Libraries by the librarían of Congress." Quoted from a review by Preston W. Edsall of North Carolina State College, in American Archivist, Jan. 1950, v. 13: 72-74.

57 Scribner, B. ¥. Summary report of research at the National Bureau of Standards on the stability and preservation of records on photographic film. Washington, U. S. Govt. Print. Off., 1939. 17 p. (National Bureau of Standards. Miscellaneous publicatión M162) DC100.U57 M162 Gives an account of findings resulting from research continued for approximately 4 years to determine the life expectancy of microfilm compared to paper; a basic source of information even though published more than ten years ago.

58 Special Libraries Association. Committee on Microfilming and Documentation. Directory of microfilm services in the United States and Cañada. Rev. ed. New York, 1947» 30 p. Z265.S7 1947 "Based on the Directory of Microfilm Sources, compiled by Ross C. Cibella." Includes information on copyright in connection with photographic reproduction, explanation of terms used in the work, methods of orderlng microfilm, methods of using the directory, and lists of institutional and commercial services, arranged geographi- cally.

59 Tate, Vernon D. Documentary reproduction. (In Morgan, W. D., and H. M. Lester, eds. Graphic Graflex photography. 8th ed. New York, 1947. p. 177-206) TR146.M76 See particularly p. 202-204: "Microphotography with the Photorecord," and p. 205-206 for bibliographical suggestions. The author is Director of Libraries, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Mass.

60 Documentary reproduction—Postwar. (In Inter- American Library Conference, Washington, D. C., 1946. Papers and addresses. Washington, 1946. p. 17-23) Z673.I584 1946 - 24 -

óO Tate, Vernon D. Documentary reproduction... (cont.) Highly readable aecount of documentary reproductions such as V-mail, the work of the Committee on the reproduction of foreign library holdings, the use of the microdot in espionage, and books projected for patients confined to bed. Future achievements in the field are envisaged. 61 Microfotografía, traducción, prologo y notas de Carlos Víctor Penna. Buenos Aires, 1944» 27 p. .Contribuciones al conocimiento de la bibliotecología, I) Procesaed. TR835.T278 At head of title: Comité Argentino de Bibliote- carios de Instituciones Cientificas y Te'cnicas. Vernon D. Tate. Discusses projects in the United States which illustrate the use of microfilm for various purposes, such as the preservation of archival and business records, and for the work of learned societies, museums, libraries, government agencies, and scholars. Translated by the Chief of the Laboratorio de Foto- duplicaciones del Instituto Bibliotecológico Universi- dad de Buenos Aires, whose notes include pertinent information on institutions in Latin America.

62 Microphotography. (In The complete photographer; Willard D. Morgan, general editor. New lork, National Educational Alliance, 1942-1943. v. 7, p. 2530-2556) TR145.C672, v. 7 The author of the article on microphotography in this reference work, better known by its cover title, An Encyclopedia of Photography. conaiders his subject historically from the beginning of the technique to its emergence in 1930-1940 as "a multi- million dollar business"; material in the article is developed under six broad topics showing general application in business and in scholarly work; includes a table of modera microfilm cameras, another of reading machines, and another of types of film, all with descriptive notes; explains also the different technique of microprint, and how to start a microfilm unit; fully illustrated. "This article probably should be the first read by any new student of the subject": quoted from an annotation in D. F. Noll's A Selective Bibliography on Microphotography. See no. 46. - 19 -

63 Tate, Vernon D. Photographic reproduction and related processes. (In Féderation Internationale de Docu- mentation. Rapports de la I7me Conference, Berne, Aout, 1947) Not available for examination.

64 Taube, Mortimer. New tools for the control and use of research materials. Philadelphia? 1949. 248-252 p„ Z1001.T3 "Preprinted from Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, vol. 93, no. 3, 1949." Gives background of facts that explain why control of research materials to promote their use is increasingly necessary; considers various machines and instruments actually in use for this purpose now; includes a section on microphotography and describes improvements in such photography and in a reading device, made by Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken of Eindhoven, Netherlands.

65 The Times in micro-film facsimile. London, Recordak Divi- sión of Kodak, Ltd. 28 p. Not available for examination. See no. 83.

66 UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Bulletin de 1'UNESCO a l'intention des bibliothéques). v. 1+ April 1947+ Paris, International Clearing-House for Publications, UNESCO, 1947+ GPRR English and French text; citations in later numbers of this bibliography are to the English versión. The aim of the publication, as stated in its first issue, is to promote and facilitate the exchange and distribution of publications throughout the world; a useful source of information on the progress of microphotography for that purpose at home and abroad.

67 U.S. Army Medical Library» Medicofilm Service of the Army Medical Library; its purposes and plan of operation, together with a list of more than 4000 abbreviated titles of medical periodicals currently recéived by this library. September 1940. Washington, D. C., 1940. 26 p. Z6660.U55 A service originated to make the resources of the Army Medical Libraiy available to research workers unable to come in person to consult material, and fully described as to advantages, rates, methods of reading, and procedures for ordering. Continued currently as the Army Medical Library Photoduplication Service. - 20 -

68 U.S. Dept. of Commerce. Office of the Publication Board. Instructions for the operation and maintenance of the Microfilm Rapid Selector. Prepared by Mr. Butler of Engineering Research Associates. Washington, 1949? 14 p. (PB 97313 S) Processed. SD Covers technical details of the parts and operation of the Selector, and processing of the answer film.

69 General Services Administration. National Archives. Disposition of Federal records. Written by Theodore R. Schellenberg. Washington* U.S. Govt. Print. 0ff.> 1949. 40 p. (National Archives publication no. 50-3) Price 25 cents See particularly p. 21-23: "How Should Records Be Microphotographed?" and Appendix II, p. 38-39» "Regulations of the National Archives Council, Adopted July 29, 1949," for statement of standards to be maintained so that photographlc or microphotographic copies shall preserve the integrity of the original records; the 1949 regulations supersede those promulgated on August 15, 1945. Written by the Program Adviser of the National Archives to assist Federal agencies in the development of an effective program for the preservation and disposal of records.

70 Interagency Records Administration Conference. May 9, 1947. Evaluation of microfilming projects. Washington, The Conference, 1947. 17 p. Includes remarks of H. J. Lilienfield, Bureau of thé Budget, on criteria for evaluating and validat- ing microfilming projects; D. F. Noli, National Archives, illustrated the successful use of microfilm recording by examples drawn from experiences of the War Department, also explaining the Department1 s use of "Records Analysis Sheet for Proposed Micro- filming Projects," a copy of which is found between p. 12 and p. 13. This publication is a report of the eighth meeting of the Conference, 1946-1947 Season. Distributed for the Conference by Mr. Joseph F. Vaughan, National Archives, Washington 25, D. C.

71 Laws, statutes, etc. (Bills) A bilí to amend title 28 of the United States Code entitled "Judicial Code and Judiciary" by adding a new section thereto known as section 1732-b to permit the photographing, microfilming, or photostating of original business records and the introduction of the same in evidence after the destruction of the origináis. Washington, 1949. 3 P* (U.S. Slst Gong, lst sess. H„R. 2818) GPRR - 21 -

71 U.S. Laws, statutes, etc. (Bills) A bilí to amend... (contó) Introduced by Mr0 Lynch, Feb. 17, 1949, and referred to the Coranattee on the Judiciary, where it is now (April 28, 1950) pending before a sub- committee0

72 Library of Congress. Annual report of the librarían of Congress for the year ending June 30, 1922* Washington, ü<,So Govt. Printo Off., 1922* Z733«U57A See particularly Indexes of reports from 1938 to date under such headings as "Microfilm," "Microfilm Reading Room," "Photoduplication Service," etc., for information on the part played by the Library of Congress in developing microfilm as a tool for research» Previous reports, particularly those from 1922 through 1937, record information on methods of tran- scripción and reproduction in use in the earlier period.

73 División of Bibliography. Photography and its applications, a selected list of recent references. Compiled by Ann Duncan Brown. Washington, The Library, 1941» 35 p. Processedo Z7134.U6 See particularly p. 23-25, no. 258-301 for references on microfilm pubüshed ehiefly from 1935 to 1940. 74 Photoduplication Service. The Photoduplication Service of the Library of Congress. Washington, The Library, 1950» 11 p. Apply to the Photoduplication Service The work of the Service described by its Chief, Donald C„ Holmes, in an illustrated brochure pub- üshed in the Library of Congress Sesquicentennial Series; includes a description of the Microfilm Section which covers such details as the reproduction of single copies of library cards, and enlarge- ment prints which may be obtained when the apparatus for reading microfilm is not available.

75 —— Photograph Section» Index to microfilm reproductions in the Photograph Section, series A, lots 1-1737; an alphabetical index to the principal subjects of the first 100 reels of microfilm copies of documentary photographs, including the photographic survey of the United States produced under the direction of Roy E. Stryker for" the Farm Security Administration and the Office of War Information in 1935-1943. Washing- ton, 1946. 26 p. Processed. N4010.A53 1946 Issued in 1945 under title: Index of Microfilms. - 22 -

75 U.S. Library of Congress. Photograph Section. Index to microfilm reproductions... (cont.) This Index covers microfilm of the entire lot of Farm Security Administration photographs, which comprise about ninety per cent of the collection in question. The photographs are in the custody of the Prints and Photographs División of the Library of Congress.

76 National Archives. List of file microcopies. Washington, National Archives, 1947' 31 p. (Its Publication no. 48-1) CD3027.M5 1947 Compiled by Albert H. Leisinger, Jr., of the Office of the Director of Records Control, to extend through May 31, 1947* and to supersede an earlier unpublished list. cf. Introduction. Describes 1,987 rolls of master negatives on 35 mm.-film, representing selected records in the custody of the National Archives, the compilation being part of a plan to make archival sources available to investigators at a distance from Washington.

77 National Bureau of Standards. Spécification for permanent records photography microcopying film. (Gelatin-silver halide emulsión type). Washington, The Bureau, 1943. 4 p. Apply to the Bureau "The...Standard was issued by the National Bureau of Standards in 1943> and has been adopted by most users of microfilm in the United States. The principal manufacturers supply both negative and positive film' edgemarked with a solid triangle to indicate conformance with the standard." The Standard is reprinted in Micro News, v. 1, no. 1, p. [5-7]> and is accompanied by the statement quoted above.

78 Veterans Administration. Records management, microphotography. Washington, The Administration, 1949. 41 p. (Its manual M3-9) Apply to the Distribution Section, Veterans Adminis- tration Covers basic information on processes, criteria, cost factors, and authorization procedures with reference to microphotography in the agency, 79 War Department. Records administration, mierofilming of records. Washington, U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1946. 94 p. (ü.S. War Department. Training publications, technical manual. TM12-257) U408.3.A13, TM12-257 - 23 -

79 U.S. War Department. Records administration... (cont.) Covers uses and limitations of microfilm, organization and planning of microfilming projects, techniques useful for the solution of special problems; copiously illustrated; written principally by Daniel F. Noli. Changes 1; Feb. 11, 1949. 9 p. (U.S. War Department. Training publications, technical manual. TM12-257) U408.A13, TM12-257, suppl. Available from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C. for 25 and 10 cents respectively.

80 University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. Partial list of micro-films of books printed in England before 1550. case 1-56; cartons 1-336. Ann Arbor, Mich., University Microfilms,.1937-1946. 35 v. Processed. Z2002.U58 Nos. 1-6 have title: Partial list of micro-films of books printed in English before 1550. (No. 1/2, rev. ed., has title: Revised list of microfilms for cases I and II) The program was later extended to cover books published before 1600. Additional information will be found in: University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Mich. A Cross Index to Microfilms of Books Printed in England Before 1550 (Ann Arbor, University Micro- films, 1938-1940. 3 v. Z2002.U57

81 University Microfilms; a microfilm service organization devoted to filling the needs of scholars and libraries. Ann Arbor, University Microfilms, 1945. 12 p. Distributed by University Mierofilms Describes the firm's activities in connection with the reproduction of Oíd World books, in behalf of achieving high standard microfilms economically, and with reference to the use of microfilms in modernizing library service and the work of business offices in universities; fully illustrated, and annotated to explain the use of cameras and readers.

82 Williams, . Edwin E., and R. V. Noble. Conference on Inter- national Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchanges, Princeton University, November 25-26, 1946". Prelimi- nary memoranda, by Edwin E. Williams [and] Ruth V. Noble. Recommendations adopted, summary of discussion. Chicago, American Library Assn., 1947- 210 p. Z690.C8 1946g At head of title: American Library Association, Board on Resources of American Libraries and Inter- national Relations Board. - 24 -

82 Williams, Edwin E., and R. V. Noble. Conference on Inter- national Cultural, Educational and Scientific Exchanges. ... (cont.) A mimeographed ed. of the Preliminary Memoranda was issued in 1946. cf. p. xi. See p. 43-52: "Photographic Reproduction" for a discussion of reproduction by microfilm as a substitute for interlibrary loan, as a means of republi- cation, and as a new médium for original or "auxiliary" publicatión. See also p. 162-165, no. 269-314 for bibliographical references.

83 lear's work in librarianship. v. 1+ 1928+ London, The Library Association, 1929+ Z666.I39 Publication suspended for the years 1938-1949- See Index in annual volumes under "Microfilms" for discussions and bibliographical references to material on microfilms and microcards; v. 12, 1939-1945, p. 243 contains an announcement that the London Times, complete for 1785-1942, was then available in some 82,250 feet of microfilm for 1,400 pounds; v. 13, p. 4 carries the information that the Australian Gov- ernment had decided to deposit in the National Library at Canberra microfilm copies of all important documents on the history of Australia which are in the Public Records Office. - 25 -

II. Articles in Periodicals, 1946-1950

84 L'Activité du service de documentation du Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique. Federation Inter- nationale de Documentation (F.I.D.) Communicationes (La Haye) 1946, v. 13, fase. 3:31. Z1007.R495, v. 13 States that in 1940, the Centre de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris had undertaken the creation of a Centre de Documentation to centralize the work of distributing documentation drawn from the scientific periodicals of the worid; describes (a) the place in this plan of the Bulletin Analy- tique, to give news and brief analyses of articles, theses, and other works in the field of science; (b) provision of reproductions in microfilm or photostat in response to orders based on information in the Bulletin.

85 Alink, R. J., C. J. Dippel, and K. J. Keuning. The metal- diazonium system for photographic reproduction. Philips technical review (Eindhoven, Nétherlands) 1947/ 1948, v. 9: 289-300. TK1.P5, v. 9 Describes a process that makes possible microfilm reproductions in reductions down to about two hundred diameters. See also no. 64, p. 251 and footnote.

86 Alletson, D. C. The development of microfilm services in South Africa. South African libraries (Johannes- burg) Oct. 1946, v. 14: 51-52. Z671.S69, v. 14 Shows growth of interest in microfilm in South Africa from its first extensive use during World War II to the launching of Microfile (Pro- prietary) Limited, an organization "which intends to cover every phase of microfilm work, including the importation of printed film from other countries for distribution here"; statement prepared by a member of the company.

87 Anderson, Irving H., and C. ¥. Meredith. Reading of projected books with special reference to rate and visual fatigue. Journal of educational research (Madison, Wis.) Feb. 1948, v. 41: 453-460. L11.J75, v. 41 Not available for examination. - 26 -

88 Anfindsen, Edward I. Microphotography. Journal of accountancy (New lork) April 1946, v. 81: 300-305. HF5601.J7, v. 81 The author, assistant treasurer of the Associated Dry Goods Corporation of New York, reports on a special study made by him of photographic processes for reproducing accounting records and valuable documents.

89 Eine Arbeitsgemeinschaft fíir Mikrophotographie. Die Vermitt- lung von Mikrophot-Reproduktionsrechten. [The Working Association for Microphotography. The transfer of reproduction rights in nii crophotographs. ] Bdrsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel (Leipzig) April.16, 1949, v. 116, no. 16: 129-131. Z2225.BÓ7 v. 116 Explains a Germán association of publishers in Berlin, of booksellers in Leipzig, of the protective society of Germán authors with firms dealing in microphotography, and the methods by which the association works to percnit the production and sale of microfilm editions of copyright material; also makes suggestions for improving existing procedures. A manuscript of an unpublished English translation is on file in the General Reference and Bibliography División of the Library of Congress.

90 Arizona state and county microfilm records. American city (New York) v. 63, June 1948: 123. HT101.A5, v. 63 Tells of the progress of work supervised by Mulford Winsor, Director of the State Department of Library and Archives, Phoenix, Arizona, which involved mio±\,filmng several million items representing Arizona records.

91 Arnhym, Albert A. Aviation engineer, take notel Aero digest (New York) Dec. 1946, v. 53: 25, 16?, 186. TL501.A292, v. 53 Provides an account of the Index Project, a postwar activity of the U. S. Army Air Forces, calling for the evaluation and processing of hun- dreds of tons of air-technical documents seized by United States forces in Germany; the project called for supplying more than 40 centers at strategic points with Índices of the material and furnishing upon order to persons using the Índices microfilm copies of desired documents. - 27 -

92 Bagnall, A. G„ Microcopying today, New Zealand libraries, bulletin of the N. Z„ Library Association (Wellington) May 1947, v. 10: 72-77. Z671»N45, v. 10 The Acting Honorary Editor of New Zealand Libraries reviews the increasing use of microfilm in New Zealand since 1944, explores the possibilities of expanding such use, and points out the problems to be overcome in achieving expansión, as, for example, in securing film for published or unpublished material not in the countryo

93 Bennett, Florence J. The Lockheed experience in microfiltni ng records. NOMA forum (Philadelphia) Dec. 1949, v. 24: 11-15. HF5547.A2N2, y. 24 Digest of a research report on findings from a year's controlled processing of 7*000,000 records, in a program to discover records that could be microfilmed to advantage; costs of the operation; types of equipment to be used; and techniques to be employed. The writer has been connected with the Lockheed Com- pany since 1941o

94 Bennett, Mary A. New microfilm reading machines. College and research libraries (Chicago) July 1947, v. 8: 239-242. Z671.C6, v. 8 Compact descriptions, by the Supervisor (1947) of the Binding and Photography Department, Columbia University Libraries, of four machines new in 1947, namely, the Amic Reader Projector, the Diebold Flofilm and the Orco-Graphic microfilm readers, also the Hol- brook Combination Reader; gives statistics of prices and availability of two older machines., the Recordak Film Reader Model C, and Spencer Scholar's Microfilm Reader.

95 Bobb, Frank W. Applying microfilm in a war agency. Special libraries (New York) Feb„ 1948, v. 39: 50-52» Z671.S7, 39 An explanation by the Chief (1948) of the Depart- ment of Photo-Reproduction of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, Pa. of the way in which microphotography was put on a war footing in World War II, including an outline of three methods of filmdexing that contributed to rapid and effi- cient use of microfilm. - 28

96 Boon, S. D. Grenzen bij de microdocumentatie van teeke- ningen. [Reduction limitations by the reproduction of drawings] Document reproductie (Oegstgeest, Netherlands) Feb. 1949, v. 2, no. 2: 20-22. SD Outlines six considerations which determine success or failure in making microphotographic copies of materials such as large maps and technical drawings.

97 Booth, Robert E. American periodicals, 1800-1825. Univer- sity Microfilms commences a new series. Library journal (New York) Feb. 1, 1946, v. 71: 156-163. Z671.L7, v. 71 Tells of earlier microfilming by University Microfilms of all available "periodicals published in the United States between 1741 and 1799," the project being sponsored by the William L. Clements Library and the Department of English of the Uni- versity of Michigan; explains a new undertaking to microfilm periodicals published between 1800 and 1825. A checklist of titles in the latter group is appended.

98 Born, Lester K. Microfilm of Japanese Foreign Office. The Library of Congress information bulletin (Washing- ton) April 3, 1950, v. 9, no. 14: 22-23. S>RR "In cooperation with the Department of State the Library has been engaged since the end of 1948 in microfilming selective series of records in the archives of the Japanese Foreign Office.., The Department has already turned over 532 rolls of negative microfilm te +he Library, and has given* general clearance on the use of materials up to December 1941.». The rnatter of sale of positive copies is being worked oru" The writer is Special Assistant on Microfilm Program in the Library of Congress.

99 Bourgeois, Pierre. Berner Dissertationen auf Mikrofilm. Nachrichten der Vereinigung Schweizer. Bibüothekare und der Schweizer. Vereinigung für Dokumentation (Bern) Sept.-Oct. 1949, v. 25: 128-129. SD Outlines the plan presented at the F.I.D. Conference at Oxford in 1938, by Jean Gerard and Pierre Bourgeois for "La conservation et la diffu- sion des mémoires non imprimes"; tells of the work in this connection represented by Microfilm Ab- straets in America and announces that dissertations on microfilms will be accepted for the first time in Switzerland by "die philosophische Fakult&t II" of the University of Bern. - 29 -

100 Burchard, John E„ The Waterloo of science. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1949, v. 16, fase. 4i 94-97» Z1007.R495, v. 16 Considers the problem posed for the scholar by the gigantic production of literature in the world todayj discusses contribution to a solution provided by special libraries, particularly in the sciences, which are composed of microfilm; points out the limitations of such devices as the Rapid Selector at the Department of Agriculture for assembling reliable bibliographies unless the preliminary coding has been done by able scientists; explains the dilemma created by the fact that "The course of Western science has tended to put greater and greater spotlight on the doer, on the experimental scientist, and to withdraw the glory from the synthesizer, and the critico.<> Yet both are neededo.. If the machine is not to dominate the mind, the mind must dominate the machine. To achieve this domination will require the preparation of material for the machine...conscientiously and intelligently and even imaginatively prepared over a long period of time by many men at great cost, to save the time later on, not of more important men but of other men. This necessity is not one which as yet has been adequately recog- nized; ñor is it at all clear that recognition will lead to resolution." Written by the former director of libraries at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology who is now Dean of Humanities in that institution.

101 Canovan, Ruth. Running a library for an engineering office. Engineering-news record (Albany, N. Y.) Sept. 15, 1949, v, 143: 32-35. TA1.E61, v. 143 See particularly p» 32-33, 34 for an account of microfilming 3,000 drawings, with a com- parison of microfilm and microcards as to space conservation, economy, and ease of use, by the Librarian of the Metcalf and Eddy office in Boston.

102 Carbery, William F. Photo-copying for libraries. Irish library bulletin (Dublin) Nov„-Dec. 1948, n.s» v. 9: 186-189« Z1035-I7, n.s. v. 9 Microfilming is included in an account of plans, equipment, and charges for making photo- graphie reproductions in the National Library of Ireland. Illustrations include a picture of the 30 -

102 Carbery, William F„ Photo-copying for libraries (cont.) Kodak Library Reader, manufactured by Kodak Ltd, the firm which micro filmed "every known extant issue of the London Times, from 1785 to 1942o». Each of the rolls measures 4x4x13/4 inches, and this series of 914 rolls, can be housed in a space of less than 15 cubic feet..."

103 Carruthers, Ralph H0 New York Public Library changes treatment of microfilm seriáis. Library journal (New York) June 1, 1947, v. 72: 880-882. Z671.L7, v. 72 "The choice of system [for numbering microfilm] should depend upon: áimplicity in all preparatory procedures (cataloging, etc.), convenience of operation by the staff, low maintenance costs (shifting, etc.), economy of space, the least possibility for confusion and error, and finally economy and simplicity in records (public catalog cards, shelf lists, etc.). The consecutive numbering system as used for book microfilm seems to have all these attributes. With some modifi- cations it will now be used for microfilm seriáis other than newspapers»" Written by the Chief of Photographic Services of the New York Public library, who has also conducted a column in the library Journal on "News of Photographic Reproductions": see particularly index to the Journal, Jan.-Dec. 1949, v. 74«

Í04 Clapp, Verner W. Mt. Sinai microfilming project. library of Congress information bulletin (Washing- ton) Feb. 13, 1950, v. 9, no. 7? 21-22. GPRR Describes the scope of the project, which is being conducted for the library of Congress by the Foundation for the Study of Man, and mentions particularly the microfilming of 2500 Greek códices. Further details appear in the Information Bulletin of March 6, 1950, v. 9, no. 10: 17 and subsequent issues.

105 Clarke, H. Harrison. Microcard publication. Journal of the American Association for Health, Physical Educa- tion and Recreation (Washington, D. C.) Sept. 1949, v. 20: 440-441, 486-487» SD Describes microcards as a new process in the development of libraries and tells ,of the work being done by Springfield College in the publication - 31 -

105 Clarke, H. Harrison. Microcard publication (cont.) of microcards in the fields of physical educa- tión, recreation and camping, physiology of exercise, and group work and community organization. Includes bibliographical footnotes.

106 Goblans, H. The organization of the literature of science. South African librarles, (Johannesburg) Oct. 1946, y. 14: 47. Z671.S69, v. 14 Underlines some of the modera trends in work to secure bibliographical control of scientific literature and considers the effect of microreproduction on the availability of scientific literature. Includes bibliographical references.

107 Collison, R. L. Microcard and microfilm. library assistant (London) Nov.-Dec. 1949, v. 42: 84-86. Z671.L691, v. 42 Using as a point of departure the announcement of the availability of the pubücations of the Early English Text Society on microcards, and the planned publication of the "Rolls Series" and the volumes of the Hakluyt Society, the writer contrasts microfilm and microcards, indicating what he believes to be the most profitable use of each; states that owing to technical difficulties the microcard reader as manufaatured at the time could not be used in England; and urges all librarians to read Fremont Eider's The Scholar and the Future of Research Libraries.

108 Comins, Dorothy J. Reprints and microfilms of certain periodicals, Gollege and research libraries (Chicago) Oct. 1947, v. 8: 446-447. Z671.C6, v. 8 Explains that the A.L.A. Committee on Aid to libraries in War Areas found it necessary to reprint or microfilm certain issues of American periodicals published during the war years and now out of print; includes a list of some 48 titles of which issues or volumes had been microfilmed and states that most of these were available (Oct. 1947) from University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. - 32 -

109 Complete books now published in microprint on index cards. Publishers' weekly (New York) July 24, 1948, v. 154: 305-306. Z1219.P98, v. 154 "The microcard looks like an ordinary library index card...except that on...the card are mounted tiny photographic prints, each showing one page of a book. The microprints are 3/8 of an inch high and are on photo paper, and therefore to be distinguished from microfilm... Pulí details are available from the Microcard Foundation, Wesleyan University Station, Middletown, Connecticut...a non-profit educational institution and its trus- tees are Fremont Rider, chairman; Paul North Bice, New York Public Library; Flora B. Ludington, Mount Holyoke College Library; James T. Babb, Yale University Library."

110 Conference on Problems of Centralized Documentation, Dayton, Ohio. Technical data digest (Dayton, Ohio) May 1, 1949, v. 14: 8-14- Z5063.A2U65, v. 14 Digests material presented on six panels before some 150 representatives of military and government agencies at a conference called by the Central Air Documents Office (Navy-Air Forcé) for April 11, 12, and 13, 1949; includes material from the panel on miniaturization of documents and states that general agreement was reached on the following points; "(1) most engineers prefer full- size copies, notwithstanding the storage problem; (2) if full-size copies cannot be produced, 35-mm microfilm is preferred, as suitable equipment is available for reading and enlarging it; (3) further research concerning the use of microcards seems highly desirable."

111 Dahl, Folke, and Knut Knutsson. Qm mikrofotografering av tidningar. Biblioteksbladet (Borts, Sweden) 1948, v. 33: 148-157- ZÓ71.B582, v. 33 Two discussions of the microfilming of newspapers in England and America, with suggestions for a Swedish library of newspapers on microfilm, presented at the meeting in Upsala, June 6, 1948, of the Swedish Library Association.

112 Davis, Watson. Proposed central publicatión of scientific papers [auxiliaiy publication service of the American Documentation Institute]. Nature (Londón) June 5, 1948, v. 161: 896. Q1.N2, v. 161 Explains the merits of the plan in effect at the American Documentation Institute for the deposit and use of scientific papers, microfilmed or photoprinted. - 33 -

113 Deller, J. J. We've microfilmed 2,000,000 engineering drawings. Factory management (New York) Oct. 1949, v. 107: 114-115. Tía.13, v. 107 A member of the Factory Service División of Westinghouse Electric Corporation, East Pitts- burgh, Pa., gives an account of the following plan: "Microfilm reproductions of all new and changed engineering drawings are now being made daily in üeu of fire-file copies. When recorded on film, documents and drawings that formerly occupied thousands of square feet of floor space can be stored in a vault 20 feet square. Shop orders, specifications, and, in general, all records of 8 1/2 x 11-in. size or smaller are photographed on 100-ft. rolls of 35-mnu film. All engineering drawings, however, are photographed on 70-mm. film..."

114 Dennis, Faustine. Microfilm. Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions (Washington) Nov. 1948, v. 6: 25-27» Z881.U5Q3, v. 6 The Curator of the Microfilm Reading Room of the Library of Congress reports on significant acquisitions of the past fiscal year, covering total holdings, as well as additions to the British Manuscripts Project of the American Council of Learned Societies, the Modern Language Association deposit, and reproductions of important manuscripts received from other sources; in closing gives an account of microfilm activities initiated or re- vi ved which will add to the library's resources on microfilm. Earller reports by Miss Dennis appeared in the same journal, as follows: Jan.-March 1944, v. 1: 70-73; Aug. 1946, v. 3: 35-37; Nov. 1947, v. 5: 32-34. See also the Library of Congress Informa- tion Bulletin, Nov. 15-21, 1949, p. 17-19.

115 Le developpement de la microfiche. Les cahiers de la documentation (Bruxelles) Sept. 1948, v. 2: 85-86. SD Announces the publicatión of the Microcard Bulletin, describes its special features, and gives a list of works which may be secured on microcards with the ñames of the sources from which they are issued. - 34 -

116 Di tinas, E. M. R. Microcards. Journal of documentation (London) Dec. 1948, v. 4: 204-206. Z1007.J9, v. 4 The author, until recently Director of ÁSLIB, compares the costs of printed books of various sizes to costs of the same works in microcard form, lists organizations issuing microcards and the subject field covered by each, and ñames and gives costs of two available readers. The term microfiche by which microcards are at times desig- nated (see no. 173) is described as unfortunate "since it tends to confusion with the fíat film 'cards' or fiches used with the Microdoc reader in France and with the Mikrophot reader in Germany. This is one of the examples of the urgent need to standardize terms used in documentary reproduction."

117 Dix, Charles Hewitt. Microcards, a new method of publication. Geophysics (Menasha, Wis.) Jan. 1949, v. 14: 1-5. QE500.G4, v. 14 A description of the microcard method with comments on its possibilities for geophysicists and geologists, by an associate professor of geophysics at the California Institute of Technology, who believes that -"The most fundamental advantage of microcards is the possibility of their making more generally available the great deal of reference material at present contained in only a very few large libraries."

118 Documentation service in London. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Jan. 1948, v. 2: 4, 6. GPRR Describes a new documentation service set up in London to serve libraries, museums, learned societies, and other cultural and educational institutions in all parts of the world; lists among three categories of services available technical advice and assistance in matters of documentary reproduction, including microfilm; gives as the address from which to secure fuller information that of Mrs. Lucia Moholy, 127 Sloane Street, London, S.W. 1.

119 Donker Duyvis, F. De ontwikkeling der methoden voor het reproduceeren van documenten gedurende den oorlog. Tijdschrift voor efficiency en documentatie ('s-Gravenhage) 1946, v. 16, no. 11: 110-113. SD "Includes offset-reproduction, photocopies, microfilm, micro-cards, diazotype, and other methods of reproduction." See Journal of Documentation, June 1947, v. 3: 59- - 35 -

120 Downs, Eobert B. Many study photographic processes. Library journal (New York) Dec. 1, 1947, v. 72: 1649-1652. Z671.L7, v. 72 The Director of Librarles, University of Illinois, Urbana, 111., describes the work of ten committees actively concerned with some phase of documentary reproduction, including microfilm. The interest in the subject of learned societies, individual librarles, and commercial firms is also summarlzed, resulting in the impression of "a vast amount of important work in progress or in the planning stage."

121 Ehlers, Dirk L. Mikrofilm in Buitelandse biblioteke. South Afrlcan libraries (Johannesburg) Oct. 1946, v. 14: 36-38. Z671.S69, v. 14 Historical account of the spread of interest in microfilm through various large libraries of the world; ñames certain men and their achievements in the field, and gives examples of projects in process or completed in several countries. Includes bibliographieal references.

122 K1 linger, Werner B. An inexpensive microprint reader. Colíege and research librarles (Chicago) Jan. 1949, v. 10: 37-38, 45. Z671.C6, v. 10 Reviews information on a microcopying process and a microcopy reader contained in Joseph Goebel's Schrift, Letter, Mikrokopie. (Mainz, Druck der Mainzer Presse, 1940. 21 p.) and notes differences in the method of microreproduction described in Goebel's book with reproduction on microcards. See also no. 27.

123 Emilio, Paolo. Una novita: il "libro-film." L'Itaüa che scrive (Roma) July 1948, v. 31: 127. Z2345.I88, v. 31 "Description of a new invention of a.Milanese concern, the 'bookfilm.See Revue de la Docu- mentation 1949, v. 16, fase. 1:24, and Les Cahiers de la Documentation (Bruxelles) Dec. 1948, v. 2:133 for a brief description of the invention as a sort of sitian, volume 15 x 6.5 x 2.4 cm., containing about 2,000 "pages."

124 Evans, Luther H. The American Documentation Institute. The Library of Congress information bulletin (Washing- ton) Feb. 13, 1950, v. 9, no. 7:10-13. GPRR - 36 -

124 Evans, Luther H. The American Documentation Institute (cont.) In an extempore address acdepting the presi- dency of the Institute for the following year, the Librarian of Congress recommended four emphases for the association's work, including the following: "c.it is important...to assume the primary responsibility, among learned associations, for research «on and reporting of developments in this field of techniques, which includes microfilm, microprint, use of punched cards, photography, and printing devices, and particularly where these last three are combined."

125 Images from the airj the beginning of Ultrafax. Journal of documentation (London) March 1949, v. 4: 248-250. Z1007.J9, v. 4 Describes the first public transmission of material by Ultrafax, during which "in exactly 2 minutes and 21 seconds a microfilm of Gone With the Windt a novel of 1047 pages, was flashed page by page across the city of Washington and reproduced before the eyes of the witnesses"; lists suggestions that among potentialities of Ultrafax are overseas exchange of programmes by transoceanic televisión, a world-wide military communications system, distribution of movies from a single film negative to thousands of motion picture theaters, a system of video mail pick-up and delivery, and complete editions of great newspapers transmitted instantly to all homes equipped with televisión receivers. Ultrafax has been called "a system of reproduction and dissemination which combines microphotography and televisión and is capable of transmitting up to 1,000,000 words a minute."

126 Research libraries in the war period, 1939-1945. Library quarterly (Chicago) Oct. 1947, v. 17: 241-262. Z671.L713, v. 17 See particularly p. 252: "Microfilming Projects at Home."

127 Feibelman, Herbert U. Microphotography and the courts. Journal of the American Judicature Society (Ann Arbor) June 1949, v. 33: 6-10. Law Admitting that the problem of the care of court records cannot be solved quickly by any single remedy, the writer indicates solutions offered by microphotography and cites authority for the use of microfilm copies as evidence. - 37 -

127 Feibelman, Herbert U. Microphotography and the courts (cont.) Includes bibliographical notes. Available also in reprint form, and abstracted in Section 5028 of the Legal Feriodical Di^est.

128 Fielstra» Gerritt E. Photoreproauction of maps: practical? Library journal (New York) March 15, 1950, v. 75: 464-465. Z671.L7, v. 75 Suggests that efforts to solve the pressing problem of space for storage of maps by the use of microfilm have demonstrated the unsuitability of that médium for the reproduction of all except a small proportion of maps in a good map collection; written by the Assistant Chief, Photographic Service, New York Public Library.

129 Finds microfilm orders on the increase. Library journal (New York) Oct. 1, 1949, v. 74: 1473- Z671.L7, v. 74 In a quotation from a review of the year issued by the Photographic Service of the New York Public Library, statistics are given to show a decrease in the making of photostats and an increase of orders for microfilm frames.

130 Forsdyke, Sir John. Some technical aspects of the production and use of microfilm. Museums journal (London) Nov. 1948, v. 48: 184-186. AM1.M7, v. 48 The Director of the British Museum briefly introduces the subject of microfilm and its use in libraries, giving opinions as to costs, cameras, readers, and projectors, with some material descriptive of the microfilm service of the British Museum.

131 Freer, Percy. Libraries and the changing aids to research. South African libraries (Johannesburg) Oct. 1946, v. 14: 40-46. Z67I.S69, v. 14 The librarian of the University of Witwaters- rand, Johannesburg, by means of some 65 references, documents his historical and critical review of various devices for reproducing research material, with special emphasis on microfilm.

132 Fry, W. G. Photography and libraries. Manchester review (Manchester, England) Autumn 1947, v. 4: 409-416. Z921.M26M3, v. 4 A historical article which includes material on the use of microfilm and microcards in libraries in relation to preservation of material, ease of - 44 -

132 Fry, W. G. Photography and libraries (cont.) handling, freedom of discarding, etc.; abridged from a paper read at a meeting of the North Western Branch of the Library Association at Bolton, June 25, 1947, by the Deputy City Librarían (1947) of the Manchester Public Libraries, Manchester, England.

133 Green, Paul D. Microfilm magic. Scientific American (New York) Aug. 1947, v. 177: 60-63. T1.S5, v. 177 Source of information on the use of microfilm by various agencies such as the United States Navy and other departments of the Government, bus companies, railroads, building contractors, collectors of state income taxes, and hospitals; gives specific examples of accomplisbments.

134 Gremling, Richard C. You can afford microphotography. Library journal (New York) Feb. 15, 1950, v. 75: 246-247, 334-336. Z671.L7, v. 75 The Head of the Seriáis Department, Linda Hall Library, Kansas City, Mo., argües that in a mechanical age the use of microfilm can enable an institution to make a unique contribution to good public relations through the provisión of materials not otherwise available in the area, but warns against installation of a laboratory unless a definite need exists; estimates cost of each item of essential equipment and describes economies that may be made safely.

135 Gundy, H. Pearson. New tbols for the research scholar; recent advances in microphotography. Queens quarterly (Kingston, Ontario) Autumn 1948, v. 55: 282-289. AP5.Q3, v. 55 Gives a historical review of the origin and development of microfilms and microcards, paying particular attention to more ambitious projects such as the filming of books listed in Pollard and Redgrave's Short Title Catalogue. Written by the Librarían of Queen's University. Bibliographical footnotes.

136 Hanke, Lewis. Mexican microfilm developments, I. Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions (Washington) Aug. 1949, v. 6: 9-13. Z881.U5Q3, v. 6 Tells of a new phase in the acquisition of Hispanic source materials entered upon by the Library of Congress in November 1948 when it - 39 -

136 Hanke, Levóla- Mexican microfilm develcr;aents (cont.) assumed responsibility for the Microfilm Labora- tory of the Benjamin Franklin Library in México City; recalls earlier acquisitions of transcripts in the same general field in cooperation with the University of California and the University of Texas; describes reproduction of material in various collections of archives in México City and copies of photographic reproductions made in Spanish archives and from collections in certain European cities; promises to inform other libraries in future issues as current microfilming in México makes copies available. Written by the Director of the Hispanic Foundation of the Library of Congress.

137 Hanna, Marcus A. Microcard libraries. American Associa- tion of Petroleum Geologists. Bulletin (Tulsa, Okla. ).• Feb. 1947, v. 31: 393-394. TN86O.A3, v. 31 An Associate Editor of the Bulletin, connected vdth the Gulf Oil Corporation, Houston, Texas, writes on behalf of the research committee of the Association; urges members to fall in with plans for estimating the number of microcard libraries in the field of geology necessary to take advantage of the médium and thus to extend facilities for study and research; states: "The plan of micro- text printing is still in its experimental stages, but we believe that the production of geological microcard libraries will be speeded up greatly if there is some reasonable estimate of future demands."

138 Harlow, Neal R. Conservation of newspaper resources. California Library Association. Bulletin (Los Angeles) March 1948, v. 9: 89-91; Sept. 1948, v. 10: 19-21. Z673.C12, v. 9, 10 Brief summary of a survey of problems related to collections of newspapers and their maintenance, made for the University of California Libraries in 1947 and later impleiiiented by cooperative action among the institutions concerned; emphasizes the essential place of microphotography in a program of conservation; written by the Editor of the Bulletin, a member (1948) of the'staff of the UCLA tabrary.

139 Harper, Lawrence,A. Microphotography and history. Pacific historical review (Berkeley, Calif.) Dec. 1946, v. 15: 427-434. F851.P18, v. 15 A member of the history faculty at the University of California treats of microphotography in con- junction with future developments of machines for - 40 -

139 Harper, Lawrence A. Microphotography and history (cont.) selecting references as a means of revolution- izing reséarch techniques in order that the historian may control more successfully the mass of material which at present tends to swamp the investigator; includes statistical data on the htíurs that would be required to keep abreast of current literature even in a limited field. Presented originally at a meeting of the Pacific Coast Branch of the American Historical Association, at Stanford University, January 19, 1946.

140 Heaps, Willard A. Unesco's reference service. Library journal (New York) Sept. 15, 1949, v. 74: 1278-1280. Z671.L7, v. 72 Includes a description of the use of microfilm in the library of Unesco, as a substitute for prewar, out-of-print, elusive material, and for indispensable books very difficult or impossible to acquire in original copies.

141 Hensel, Evelyn. Microcard cataloging being solved at Penn State. Library journal (New York) Feb. 15, 1950, v. 75: 344-345. Z671.L7/ v. 75 The Assistant Librarian (Acquisitions and Cata- loging), Pennsylvania State College, describes procedures for cataloging and servicing microcards.

142 Hinsch, Wilhelm. Grundlagen und MSglichkeiten des Mikrobuches. Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen (Leipzig) 1948, v. 62: 278-291. Z671.C39, v. 62 Microbooks, their promise and problems, generally considered.

143 Historical news; other historical activities. American historical review (New York) Jan. 1950, v. 55: 462. E171.A57, v. 55 "The Library of Congress has recently received'microfilm copies of two groups of foreign arehival material relating to nineteenth century American history. One, contained in twenty-one volumes of the archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Paris... The other, a file of twenty- three volumes of Foreign Office records in the British Public Records Office..." - 41 -

144 Hobbs, John L. Micro-photography and the public library. Library world (London) Apr. 1947, v. 49: 139-141. Z671.L72, v. 49 Outlines a program by which British public libraries may develop their resources in technical and scientific periodical material and in local history, adapting to their own requirements work done in the United States; and through ASLIB in London, to utilize microphotography for research purposes. Mr. Hobbs is Borough Librarían, Public Library, Shrewsbury, England.

145 Holmes, Donald C. Wartime photographic activities and records resulting therefrom. American archivist (Cedar Eapids, Iowa) July 1947, v. 10: 287-293. CD3020.A45, v. 10 Briefly surveys outstanding photographic activities of World War II, including those in which microfilm was used; examples given cover V-mail and the distribution of "drawings on microfilm of all types of operational aircraft, and equipment to read and reproduce them... to four hundred and fifty naval air activities by the Bureau of Aero- nautics, and to an unknown number of ships1 bases by the Bureau of Ships." Concludes: "The problem of photographic records...is tremendous... As has been indicated, the broad lines of effort are already laid down, and the over-all picture is hopeful. Special cases and records that have become estranged...will constitute special problems. It is with a sense of great relief that the tech- nician can place these problems in the competent hands of present and future archivists."

146 How to copy 22-million cards. Business week (New York) - Aug. 6, 1949, no. 1040: 22-23. HF5001.B89, no. 1040 Brief text and six illustrations showing processes by which 22 million National Service Life Insurance policies were microfilmed for the Veterans Administration by the Recordak Corporation, a subsidiary of Eastman Kodak Com- pany, up to 1.6 million cards being photographed in a single day. - 42 -

147 Humphrey, Richard A. War-born microfilm holdings of the Department of State. Journal of modern history (Chicago) June 1948, v. 20: 133-136. D1.J6, v. 20 Estimates that the wealth of enemy archives collected at the cióse of World War II would have had significantly greater gaps without the use of microfilm techniques; describes a "test run" on the point of coverage which resulted in the publication in 1948 of Nazi-Soviet Relations. 1939-1941 (U. S. Department of State. Publicatión no. 3023); states: "The determination to publish the cap- tured records officially is one evidence of the United States government's awareness of scholarly interest in these archives. Gontinuing consideration is being given...to making the body of this documentation available to the public at the earliest moment corisistent with national security ...great care is being exercised to preserve the films from deterioration...It is planned that the archives from which the official edition was derived will be made available to scholars and other persons seriously interested...as soon as possible after publication." Written by the Assistant Chief of the División of Historical Policy Research of the Department of State.

148 Irish Association for Documentation. First annual report for the year ending March 31, 1948. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1949, v. 16, fase. 3: 73-75. GPRR Includes statement of the Committee for Docu- mentary Reproduction as made by the Recorder, Mr. V/. Carbery^announces plans for a publication which will cover facilities in noncommercial institutions and also comrnercial services for microfilm, photostat, and other methoas of photographic reproduction available in Ireland.

149 Janicki, Wjatscheslaw. Cost estimating and cost analysis in reproduction work. Federation Internationale de Documentation (F.I.D.) Communicationes (La Haye) 1946, v. 13, fase. 3: C30-C35. Z1007.R495, v. 13 Attempts to determine, from the application of fundamental formulas for estimating cost which had been supplied by libraries and institutes of documentation in various parts of the world, a sound financial basis upon which a photographic reproduction service may rest; considers photostats and microfilm; writer is a member of the Swiss Society for Documentation. - 43 -

150 Janicki, Wjatscheslaw. Ein neues optisches Lese- und Betrachtungsgerttt. Nachrichten der Vereinigung Schweizer. B ib liothekare und der Schweizer. Vereinigung für Dokumentation (Bern) May-June 1948, v. 24: 47-49. 3D Describes a microfilm reader, made by Firma Gebr. Frank in Hasle-Rüegsau bei Burgdorf, Bern, Switzerland, which is portable and which takes both perforated and unperforated standard film. See Journal of Documentation, Sept. 1948, v. 4: 166. 151 Das ULTRAFAX-SY3TEK. Nachrichten der Vereinigung Schweizer. Bib liothekare und der Schweizer. Vereinigung für Dokumentation (Bern) March-April 1949, v. 25: 37-40. SD On the basis of an analysis of the present performance of ULTRAFAX, suggests that documentation now stands at the beginning of a new era of accomplishment through the use of a technique for transmitting material rapidly and visually over great distances.

152 Der vervollkommnete "Spencer Microfilm Reader." Nachrichten der Vereinigung Schweizer. Biblio- thekare und der Schweizer. Vereinigung für Dokumentation (Bern) Sept.-Oct. 1948, v. 24: 97-99. 3D "Description of the improvement of the 'Spencer Microfilm Reader', fitted by the concern 'Photodruck und Photocopie A.G.' in Zurich... "A distinguishing feature...is the direct projection in a green reading page, so that it is possible to read microfilm for hours without fatiguing the eyes." See Revue de la Documenta- tion 1949, v. 16, fase. 1:24.

153 Jenkins, William S. Legislative documenta microfilm project. The Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions, (Washington) May 1947, v. 4: 60-64. Z881.U5Q3, v. 4 "The plan of the Project is to unearth the complete official American record in the states and to make it available for research purposes in order that scholars may, with a minimum expen- diture of time, labor, and travel, extract from it information bearing upon specific subjeets. ... - 44 -

153 JenkLns, William S. Legislative documents microfilm project (cont.) "From the Legislative Documents Microfilm Project there should emerge a great national collection of official resources gathered from all parts of the country. There is scarcely an important collection, public or prívate, that has not already, or that may not eventually contribute from its holdings to the attainment of this goal. The contributors vdll find, moreover, that the program is reciprocal, for out of the general pool of master negative films positive prints may be drawn to fill gaps and to complete individual collections."

154 Records of the states of the United States: a microfilm compilation. Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions (Washington) May 1949, v. 6: 3-7. Z881.U5Q3, v. 6 The Director of this project reports upon work accomplished, continuing an earlier report, for which see no. 153 above.

155 Jolley, Leonard. Use of microfilm for completing sets. Journal of documentation (London) June 1948, v. 4: 41-44. Z1007.J9, v. 4 The Librarían of Selly Oak Colleges Library, Birmingham, England, in an effort to create a research library in the literature of Christian missions made use of microfilm and has recorded his experience in terms of equipment required, storage, use, and possible economies.

156 Kaplan, Louis. Scholar in an impoverlshed world. American Association of University Professors. Bulletin (Easton, Pa.) Winter 1946, v. 32: 631-635- LB2301.A3, v. 32 The Assistant Librarian of the University of Wisconsin (1946) sketches acquisition procedures of scholarly libraries, tells of large lacunae in their collections, and resulting handicaps for scholars in their access to research materials; emphasizes the place of microcards in providing a solution for the problem.

157 Keenleyside, Marjorle C. Microcard. Special librarles (New York) Oct. 1949, v. 40: 343. Z671.S71, v. 40 The writer, a special representative of the Special Librarles Association to the Microcard Committee, reports on the progress of microcard production, saying: "One of the most interesting single developments has been the enthusiastic acceptance of microcards by the Louisville Public - 45 -

157 Keenleyside, Marjorie G. Microcard (cont.) Library who purchased fifty machines and plunged into a publication program including Sabin's Bibliotheca Americana,...the Louisville Courier- Journal, and a number of items of Kentuckyana."

158 Microcards and the special library. Special libraries (New York) March 1949, v. 40: 92-94. Z671.S71, v. 40 A summary of information concerning microcards, the reading machine manufactured by The Northern Engraving Company of La Crosse, Wisconsin, possible economies in cataloging through the use of microcards, publishers who issue them, and various titles available in this form.

159 Kent, Mary L. Veterans are looking up. Library journal (New York) Jan. 1, 1947, v. 72: 26-30. Z671.L7, v. 72 An account of the inception and development of the idea of projecting books in microfilm on ceilings, to be read by patients suffering from spinal cord injuries, infantile paralysis, tuberculosis in certain stages, etc.; written by the Chief (1947) of the Library División, Special Services, Veterans' Administration Branch Office No. 2, New York.

160 Kipp, Laurence. Microfilming foreign newspapers. Harvard library bulletin (Cambridge, Mass.) Autumn 1948, v. 2: 410-412. Z881.H3403, v. 2 The Assistant to the Director of the Harvard University Library gives the past history, and status in 1948, of the Harvard project for microfilming 44 foreign newspapers "to document daily happenings around the world."

161 Kline, Philip H. Microfilm—a new plant tool. Southern power and industry (Atlanta, Ga.) March 1948, v. 66: 60-61, 121-123. TJ1.S6, v. 66 Argües that improved films and better equipment developed during World War II for V-mail and other uses have brought the cost to prívate industry of preserving records on microfilm to a level that easily justifies the outlay; outlines the plans made for microfilming the entire draw- ing files of The American Enka Corporation, As hevilie, N. C., a firm with which the writer is associated. - 46 -

162 Kopecki, E. S. Microfilm as an engineering tool. Iron age (New York) Jan. 16, 1947, v. 159:46-48. TI.17, v. 159 Outlines the experience of The Timken Roller Bearing Company of Cantón, Qhio, in setting up an extensive microfilming program (17 million records from 1942 to 1947) in response to interest aroused in engineers and metallurgists by advantages of space-saving and dirt elimination; illustrations emphasize contrast between amount of space required to store original records and to keep microfilm copies. Written by the Ketallur- gical Editor of Iron Age.

163 Lacy, Dan M. Microfilming as a major acquisitions tool: policies, plans, and problems. Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions (Washing- ton) May 1949, v. 6: 8-17. Z881.U5Q3, v. 6 Indicates certain important parts of the acquisition program of the Library of Congress in relation to microfilm during the past 20 years and outlines responsibilities the Library is ready to assurne for "assuring that the principal documents of our civilization will be preserved for future generations"; stresses importance of cooperative effort and describes the part the Library should take in working for technical standardiza- tion, establishing a clearing house at the Library of Congress for information on projects under way, and creating a planning comiaittee representing major libraries; discusses considerations being weighed by the Library before completing the formu- lation of its policy for acquisition by means of microfilm. Written by the Assistant Director for Cataloging at the Library of Congress and presented in substantially the same form at a Confer- ence before the Acquisition Department Heads of Research Libraries Round Table, Jan. 20, 1949, at the Midwinter Meeting of the American Library Association.

164 Lieberman, Irving. Books on the ceiling. American Library Association. Bulletin (Chicago) April 1948, v. 42: 156-157. Z673-A5B, v. 42 Includes a list of public libraries engaged in developing services requiring the use of microfilm and ceiling-projectors for persons unable to read in normal positions and describes the extensión of this work to fifty-two communities and fifteen states in the United States. - 47 -

165 Lodge, Gonstance. Acquisition of microfiLns: commercial and institutional sources. College and research libraries (Chicago) July 1946, v. 7: 226-230. Z671.C6, v. 7 Reviews American and foreign sources for the acquisition of microfilm in 1945; gives examples of prices of large sets on microfilm; deplores the lack of a coordinated médium for making known to libraries filming projects undertaken by private and industrial agencies; outlines special knowledge of the technical aspects of microphotography essential to the order librarían; written by the Head (1946) of the Catalog Depart- ment, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California.

166 Lübeck, Heinz. Grundsützliche Fragen des Mikrobuches. Zentralblatt für Bibliotheksv/esen (Leipzig) Jan.- Feb. 1949, V. 63: 17-29. Z671.C39, V. 63 Suggestions of a forrnat of 9-12 cm. and reduced-size facsimiles of 1:16 or 1:20, contained in a technical discussion of the details of photographic reproduction and reduction. cf. The Journal of Documentation, June 1949, v. 5: 52.

167 McKay, Herbert C. Notes from a laboratory. American photography (Boston) Oct. 1949, v. 43: 647-648. TR1.A58, v. 43 Contrasts procedures in microphotography and photomicrography and provides technical information for making the microphotograph; includes brief historical material on the use of the médium in espionage during World War II.

168 MacKLnney, Loren C. Manuscri.pt photoreproductions in classical, mediaeval, and renaissance research. Speculum (Cambridge, Mass.) Apr. 1946, v. 21: 244-252. PN661.S6, v. 21 Includes a partial list of American collections of photoreproductions of manuscripts and urges a definite plan of action for the creation of a national unión catalog of such material, both film and photostat; incorporates suggestions of various scholars in support of such a plan and outlines a program of action believed to be feasible. Written by the professor of medieval history at the University of North Carolina. - 54 -

169 Maguire, John M. Making the library more accessible to lawyers and scholars. Harvard Law School bulletin (Cambridge, Mass.) Oct. 1949, no. J: 5-6. Law Professor Maguire of the faculty of the Harvard Law School includes in his discussion of the copyright problem connected with photographic reproduction of copyright material a section on microcards and microfilm, part of which reads: "The well-known firm of Matthew Bender & Co., Inc., has initiated microcard publication in the legal field. First issued are vols. 1-64 of New Hampshire Reports (original edition price $1,200; microcard price $100). These are to be follxwed by scarce and semi- scarce state law reports; early and modern law reviews...; official reports of United States courts and agencies; federal and state legislative documents; departmental decisions; and other suitable matters..."

170 Mexican mierofilming. Library of Congress information bulletin (Washington) April 3, v. 9, no. 14:22. CPRR Reports progress of the Branch Microfilm Laboratory located in the Benjarain Franklin Library in México City and describes work done in filming Relaciones Exteriores of the Kexican Foreign Office, the Kexican Oificial Gazettes, and the Semanario Judicial T1902-1913) of the State of Chiapas, etc.

171 Microcard editions of newspapers seen. Editor and publisher (New York) v. SI, Dec. 11, 1948: 9. PN4700.E4, v. 81 Account of a seminar of the American Press Institute at Columbia University in which librarians of various newspapers considered microcards for mail and file purposes and the filing of photographs on microfilm; illustra- tion shows 20 pages of the New York Times on a microcard of actual size.

172 Microcard production gets under way. Library journal (New York) March 1, 1949, v. 74: 361. Z671.L7, v. 74 Technical account of origin and development of microcards and Micro Library Reader; ascribes manufacture of microcards to Micro Library, Inc., with distribution made through several publishers; report on a few works - 49 -

172 Microcard production gets under way (cont.) now available on microcards which includes the statement: "English literature will include comprehensive coverage of all English dramatic literature, beginning with Elizabethan and including all Shakespeare quartos and folios and succeeding editions important for their notes or critical apparatus...11

173 Microcards. Microfiches. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Oct. 1948, v. 2: 374. GPRR Traces briefíy the historical development of the microcard, the membership and work of the Microcard Foundation, and the authority under which The Microcard Bulletin is published; mentions subject fields to be covered by microcard publications and cites the Soviet Encyclopaedia and "the complete collection of Russian laws" as examples of material to be made available in this form. Text in English and French. See no. 116 for criticism of the term microfiches, used as the title of the French versión.

174 Microfilm center in Illinois. Illinois libraries (Spring- field, 111.) Dec. 1947, v. 29: 464-466. Z732.I2I3, v. 29 Not available for examination.

175 Microfilm exchanges with Germany. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Sept. 1948, v. 2: 332. GPRR Outlines a plan submitted by the Mikrographisches Institut, Guntherstrasse 14, Karlsruhe, to UNESCO for exchange of educational, scientific, and.cultural literature in the form of microfilm.

176 Microfilm from Japan. Library of Congress information bulletin (Washington) Sept. 27-0ct. 3, 1949: 13. GPRR Gives an account of the use by the National Research Council of Japan of a microfilm camera placed in the custody of the Council by the Library of Congress, and of the first consignment of film, received by the Library under this arrangement, which includes the issues from 1933 to 1938 of the rare periodical Aisho (Bibliophile) published irregularly by the Booklovers' Association of Formosa. - 50 -

177 Microfilm reproductions. American Library Association. Bulletin (Chicago) Feb. 1950, v. 44: 55. Z673.A5B, Y. 44 Announces that microfilm reproductions are being made of material collected in 1948-1949 by the Committee on Administration of the A.L.A. División of Cataloging and Cíassificatión from more than 75 libraries, covering merit rating forrns, múltiple order forms, and means of reproducing catalog cards; microfilm is available at cost from the Department of Photographic Reproduc- tion, University of Chicago, Chicago, 111.

178 Microfilm Service. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Dec. 1947, v. 1: 260. CPRR "Microfilm Service, affiliated with the "American^ Council on Public Affairs...has been established for the purpose of reproducing and distributing microfilm versions of investigations in the physical and social science field... Further information can be obtained from Microfilm Service, 2153 Florida avenue, N.W., Washington 8 D.C." See also the Bulletin for November 1948, v. 2: 424, for additional details of more recent projects undertaken by the Service, such as the microfilming of the Zeitschrift für physikalische Chemie for the years 1925 to 1948.

179 Microfilm service at Chicago. Higher education (Washing- ton, D. C.) Dec. 15, 1947, v. 4: 88. GPRR "The microfilm laboratory [of the University of Chicago] handles the reproduction of the Briefs and Records of the United States Supreme Court... is currently reproducing original rough notes of an anthropological survey at a cost to anthropology scholars of slightly more than a half-cent a page... Gradúate students in many divisions and schools... can also meet the Ph.D. requirements by having their dissertations mierofilmed rather than published... scientific and technical works...have been mierofilmed for libraries and industrial organizations which do not have their own facilities."

180 Microfilming as a record preservative: valuable city records must be safely housed or photo-copied. American city (New York) June 1946, v. 61: 89. HT101.A5, v. 61 "The life of the film is a factor in favor of microfilming. According to preliminary announce- ments from the National Bureau of Standards, the - 51 -

180 Microfilming as a record preservative.„» (cont.) safety film used in mi crophotography has a life equal to that of 100^ rag paper, or 100 years. One roll of lómm film which occupies 4x4 1/2 inches is sufficient to photograph 8,000 bank checks, 5,828 4 x 6 cards, or 2,352 letters»"

181 Microfilming facilities in UoS.S.R. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) June 194?, v. 1: 56o GPRR Quotes an article in Moscow News containing the announcement that any of the 11 million books in the depositories of the Lenin library in Moscow will be reproduced on microfilm and sold at a rate in most cases cheaper than the cost of the printed book; "Preparations are now under way to launch the production of a new type of Soviet-designed microfilm projector for home use.111

182 Microfilming of American Negro newspapers to 1900 begun. library journal (New York) Dec. 1, 1947, v. 72: 1648. Z671.L7, v. 72 "Files of 250 Negro newspapers of the 19th century, totaling about 120,000 pages, will be reproduced in about 172 100-foot rolls of microfilm." Dr. Armistead S. Pride, Director of the School of Journalism at Lincoln University, Jeffer- son City, Mo0, directed the project under the sponsorship of the Committee on Negro Studies of the American Council of Learned Societies and a grant from the General Education Board.

183 Micro-filming speeds waybill handling. liailway age (New York) April 27, 1946, v. 120: 867-869. TF1.R2, v. 120 Account of the installation by the Rock Island Railroad of equipment for microfilming and its use to minimize interchange delays, eliminate errors, and to assemble accounting data which may be transferred to I.B.M. punch cards; describes also the operation of the Recordak photographing machine.

184 Micro-films in public libraries; some notes on procedure from Manchester. Library Association record (London) Feb. 1948, v. 50: 42-43. Z671.L693, v. 50 Quotes British Standard 1153: 1944 for recommendations on the physical care of microfilms and mentions procedures of accessioning in large projects such as microfilming the Manchester Guardian; outlines cataloging practices. - 52 -

185 Moholy, Lucia. ÁSLIB Microfilm Service; the story of its wartime activities; with list of films available in the A.M.S. library. Joumal of documentation (London) Dec. 1946, v. 2: 147-173. Z1007.J9, v. 2 A detailed survey covering the organization and activities of ASLIB Microfilm Service for microfilming and supplying scientific and technical periodicals from enemy and enemy-occupied countries during World War II; describes also such special undertakings as an air-mail microfilm service to scholars and scientists in China; reports 5,500,000 pages microfilmed, copied, recorded, and indexed by A.M.S. and 7,000,000 p^ges filmed in other centers also checked, recorded ancí indexed by the Service. On January 1, 1946 the ASLIB Microfilm Service became the Central Medical Library Bureau of the Royal Society of Medicine. Written by the Director of the A.M.S.

186 Co-ordination of policy in documentary reproduction. Federation Internationale de Documentation. (F.I.D.) Communicationes (La Haye) 1946, v. 13, fase. U- C60- C63. . Z1007.R495, v. 13 Urges an active and realistic policy directed to the uáe of microfilms in their fullest possible measure of demonstrated usefulness; lists twenty uses of reproduction services that may be part of a rapidly developing program in the near future; proposes that the F.I.D. should work for the establishment of permanent and international centers for documentary reproduction, with a central office to coordinate activities on a world-wide basis, possibly under UNESCO. See also no. 188.

187 Documentary reproduction. Library Association record (London) Feb. 1947, v. 49: 39-41. Z671.L693, v. 49 Published also in Library Association. London and Home Counties Branch. Library cooperation and publicity;...Being some papers read at the Week-end Conference...held at Eastboume, October, 1946, p. 30-32.

188 Documentary reproduction. Nature (London) v. 157, Jan. 12, 1946: 38-40. Q1.N2, v. 157 Describes 20 tasks connected with mechanical aids to learning for which microfilm is adapted, and lays out for consideration a tentative program of international cooperation in the field of documentary reproduction. See also no. 186. - 53 -

189 Moholy, Lucia. Microfilms in industry. Magazine of the future (London) May 1948, p. 59-63. SD Traces origin and history of microfilming for the past 70 years, cites special uses during World War II, and shows how these are or may be adapted by industry; includes the following statement: "Miniature photography applied to the reproduction of printed, written or other documents is now scientifically known as Microphotog- raphy, whilst the technique of making microscopically small objects visible to the human eje by means of photography is ealled Photomicrography (see article which follows on p. 64) A formal agreement regarding the use of these terms was reached between Great Britain, France and the United States a few years ago, but in a number of other countries some uncertainty still exists regarding their correct use," See also p. 64-69 of the Magazine for "Macro- photography and Photomicrography"; illustrations from photographs by Helmut Gernsheim.

190 New library techniques. Gurrent foreign literature (London) May-June 1949, v. 1, no. 8-9:3-5. SD In the concluding issue of Current Foreign Litera- ture the writer briefly reviews the applicatión of photography and allied techniques to library service, from R. C. Binkley's Manual on Methods of fieproducing Research Materials to Ultrafax. Includes bibliographical references.

191 Myers, Kurtz, and F. A. Hannum. Projected books: in Detroit; in Ann Arbor. American Library Association., Bulletin (Chicago) June 1947, v. 41: 163-169. Z673.A5B, v. 41 Mr. Myers, Head of the Audio-Visual División of the Detroit Public Library, and Miss Hannum, Librarian of the Ann Arbor Public library, outline the administrative and organizational work through which projected books have been made available in the two communities; costs are estimated, necessary publicity discussed, and full credit given to the work of newspapers, clubs, and individual volunteers in inaugurat- ing the service which involves the projection of books on microfilm by means of a special ceiling projector.

192 NACA. Library of Congress quarterly journal of current acquisitions (Washington) Aug„ 1948, v. 5:22. Z8810U5Q3, v. 5 "To ensure suitable dissemination of all its material on as economical a basis as possible, NACA [National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics] has - 54 -

192 NACA (cont.) deposited with the Library of Congress a complete negative microfilm of the more than 5,000 reports listed in the Index [of NACA Technical Publications]. Filming of complete files...has made many individual reports...available for the first time. NACA has agreed to make this a continuing procedure..

193 New center for the study of methods of collecting, organiz- ing, and communicating knowledge. Science (Lancaster, Pa.) Jan. 9, 1948, v. 107: 36. Q1.S35, v. 107 A news item announcing the proposed establishment of the center at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology under a grant of $100,000 from the Carnegie Corporation of New York; states that "Microfilm and reading machines are already in use, and basic research in sound recording, applied acoustics, phonetics, and instruction through audio processes is under way [in various departments]... Mechanical selection is being studied...and its applicatión to the chemical literature being in- vestigated..."

194 New device eases microfilm reading. Editor and publisher (New York) v. 81, May 8, 1948: 62. PN4700.E4, v. 81 Technical description of a microfilm reader for 16 mm. microfilm, announced by the American Optical Company's Scientific Instrument División of Buffalo, New York; gives size, weight, and special features including those that contribute to the elimination of eye strain.

195 New microfilm machine makes 45 exposures a minute. Barron's (New York) v. 27, Aug. 11, 1947: 6. HG1.B3, v. 27 "It is claimed that with this new machine, called 'Micro-Record,' [introduced by Griscombe Corp. of 50 Beekman St., New York] single sheets, magazine articles, pages in bound volumes... labels on bulky packages...can be rapidly and economi cally mi crofilmed."

196 New microfilm reader removes causes of eye fatigue. Library journal (New York) July 1948, v. 73: 1038-1039. Z671.L7, v. 73 An announcement which emphasizes new features of the A0 16 mm. microfilm reader developed by the Scientific Instrument División, American Optical Company, Buffalo, N. Y.; includes the statement that the reader "permits both easy reading... and eopying of the film on photographic paper in less than two minutes without use of a darkroom..." - 55 -

197 A new project, the Library of Congress. Special libraries (New York) Jan. 1943, 39*. 29. 2671.371, v. 39 "...the Science and Technology Project has now produced several 3" x 5" envelopes, each one of which contains a microfilm strip reprodücing a complete document... Using equipment available in the Photoduplicatión Service of the Library of Congress, a máximum of 45 pages can be produced on a 5-inch strip of 35nim film at a cost of 1/é per page. These stiips can be read on a Model C Recordak reader. "Aside from the inherent advantages [in 1948] of readability of microfilm over microprint, positives of the strip can be reproduced rapidly at a nominal cost..."

198 Noli, Daniel F. Analysis of H.R. 2818 on the admissibility of photographic copies made in the regular course of business. Commercial law journal (Chicago) June 1949, v. 54: 127-128. Law "As now written...H.R. 2818 appears to complí- cate, rather than simplify, the evidential status of this type of microphotography."

199 From the microphotographer's mail. American archivist (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) July 1948, Oct. 1948, v. 11: 238-245, 316-324. CD3020.A45, v. 11 The first and second installments of a feature of American Archivist, although in subsequent issues "this feature will not appear on consecutive pages, but will be scattered throughout each issue as the exigencies of publishing dictate." "The purpose... is to publish the answers to the questions that tend to become 'repeaters1 [at the National Archives] and others that seem to be of special interest to archivists." Another installment under the same title appeared in the issue of January 1949, but has now been replaced by "Technical Topics," for which see no. 201 below.

200 The maintenance of microfilm files. American archivist (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) April 1950, v. 13: 129-134- CD3020.A45, v. 13 Various hazards to microfilm files, including those from climatic conditions, particularly of excessive humidity, are discussed and the whole question of the possible necessity of using "humidi- fied" storage cabinets is explored, pro and con; proper maintenance of such cabinets as are used is also covered. - 56 -

201 Noli, Daniel F. The microphotography of current court records. American archivist (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) July 1949, v. 12: 267-270. CD3020.A45, v. 12 "From brief, first-hand observations in county courts in two states and in one Federal court, it seems to be the consensus of opinion that the microfilm method is approximately l/25th as costly as either the photostat or transcript method." The article also elaborates the special legal considerations involved in the use of microfilm for court records and describes the successful adapta- tion of it to the requirements of such material; issued as one installment of a feature entitled "Technical Topics," -which supersedes an earlier feature, "From. the Microphotographer's Mail," for which see no. 199 above. Reprints are available at the National Archives.

202 Present legal status of microphotographed business records. Journal of accountancy (New York) July 1948, v. 86: 28-33. HF5601.J7, v. 86 "Although it is estimated that 50 billion records have been microfilmed, only two citations involving microphotography appear in American law reports. In both instances, this technique was adopted merely to simplify accounting procedure, and original records had not been destroyed. These two cases, and others relating to the ad¿ássion of copies of original documents as evidence are re- vi ewed... Legal precautions in the production and certification of microfilms are discussed." Privately reprinted and included in Micro News, Oct. 1948, v. 1: 6-8 (no. 40)

203 Norton, Margaret C. Photography for state records. Illinois libraries (Springfield, 111.) Feb., March, 1946, v. 28: 151-155, 180-187. Z732.I213, v. 28 "The first part deals with the use of photocopy method of reproducing archival materials, while the second treats of the processes of microphotography." See Library Literature, 1946-1948, p. 324-

204 Ohdedar, A. K. Book metamorphosis. Indian librarian (Simia, India) June 1946, v. 1: 14-16. SD The Librarian of the Agricultural Institute at Allahabad discusses microcards and the contribution they will make to libraries of the future. - 57 -

205 Olson, Delmar. Photographic records as evidence. Insur- ance law journal (Chicago) Aug. 1947, no, 295? 689-699. Law In a paper read before the Association of Life Insurance Counsel, the Assistant Counsel of the Mutual Life Insurance Company reviews the use of microphotography for insurance records and indicates the need for legislation to perrait photographic copies of business records to be received as primary evidence; includes numerous bibliographical footnotes.

206 Oosterloo, N. The direct possibilities of microphotography. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1949, v. 16, fase. 3: 80-83. Z1007.R495, v. 16 Technical discussion of types of material to be microfilmed for keeping on reels or in strips, and the advantages of sheet film for other documentaj compares *1:26 reduction and what it accomplishes by reproducing 72 typed pages on a sheet of film 9 x 12 cm.; suggests manufacture of equipment to make possible a reduction of 1:45. Published also in Dutch in Docmnent Reproductie, Dec. 1948, v. 1: 96-100.

207 Optical punch card; electronic brain searches literature with combination of microfilm and punch-card technique. Chemical industries (Philadelphia) Aug. 1949, v. 65: 189-190. TP1.C37, v. 65 "The principie involved is much üke the familiar door-opening photo-cell devices. The Rapia Selector scans the code patterns of light and darle accompany- ing each film frame, 'looking' for a particular pattern to match the master key card inserted in the machine. When the two coincide a flash lamp is fired and the frame passing through the scanriing area at that instant is photographed. When a complete reel has passed through the machine, the researcher has a complete and accurate bibliography of the subject in a minimum of time...presupposing, of course, that the...[material being scanned] has first been transferred to properly coded microfilm.11

208 PW and LJ microfilmed for reference use. Publishers1 weekly (New York) Dec. 3, 1949, v. 156: 2231-2282. Z1219oP98, v. 156 Announces that beginning with the 1950 volume libraries may obtain at the end of each year the Publishers' Weekly and the Library Journal on microfilm; production and sale by University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. "The library ordering films must be a regular subscriber to the magazine®" - 58 -

209 Parsonage, J. S. "The Scholar" and after: a study of the development of the microcard. Library Association record (London) Nov. 1949, v. 51: 334-338. Z671.L693, v. 49 Traces the development of the idea of the microcard from its original statement in Fremont Rider's The Scholar and the Future of the Research library (see no. 53) to actualities of today; raises the question of copyright in relation to possible microcard publishing in England; explains the lag in microcard publishing outside the United States. Mr. Parsonage writes from the Liverpool Public Libraries.

210 Peiss, Reuben. European wartime acquisitions and the Library of Congress Mission. library journal (New York) June 15, 1946, v. 71: 863-876, 911. Z671.L7, v. 71 See p. 867 for a brief account, by the Head of the Mission, of the project that had as one result the microfilming of cards for all book accessions of the Deutsche Buecherei in Leipzig for 1937 and the years following, and the later acquisition of the record by the library of Congress.

211 Photoelectric cells sift microfilm records. Product engineering (New York) Sept. 1949, v. 20: 104-105. TS1.P7, v. 20 Illustrations accompanied by text to provide understanding of the operation of the Rapid Selector.

212 Photoelectric librarian; Rapid Selector, bibliography com- piling machine; stores information and automatically delivers microfilm record. Electronics (New York) Sept. 1949, v. 22: 122, 158-166. QC544.V3A3, v. 22 Technical account of the way in which the "Micro- film Rapid Selector" operates.

213 Photographic copies of business and public records as evidence. Iowa law review (Iowa City, Iowa) Nov. 1948, v. 34: 83-90. Law Concludes that demand is increasing for a solution to the question of the admissibility of photo- static enlargements of microfilm as evidence since present uncertain status (1948) creates drawbacks to the many advantages of using microfilm for records; calis for corrective legislation, so that the law of evidence may keep pace with scientific developments. - 59 -

214 Photographic reproduction of copyright material. Book- seller (London) July 16, 1949, no. 2273: 76-77. Z2005.B7, no. 2273 Memorándum drawn up by the Publishers Associa- tion setting forth 3 main principies governing the photographic reproduction of material, as follows: (l) no use vdthout permission; (2) due acknowledg- ment of the source on the reproduction; (3) reasonable payment particularly in case of commercial use; under "Miero-film" gives form of copyright notice to be included in the film and states agreement to its use by the Publishers Association, the Society of Authors, and ASLIB. "It is also recommended that publishers should secure greater control by them- selves making micro-films of their material..."

215 Poindron, Paul. Problems internationaux pris par la reproduction photographique des documents. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1948, v. 15, fase. 2: 46-48. 21007.H495, v. 15 Reports consideration gLven by a group of dele- gates to the conference of F.I.D. in 1946 and again in 1947 to the following questions of international significance: rapid preparation of inven- tories of depositories of negatives in public or private hands; establishment in each country of a service able to direct research workers to proper repositories of negatives; conduct of study lead- ing to production and exchange of catalogs of such material; examination of administrative and financial procedures concerning the distribution of reproductions gratuitously or by sale; study of legal problems of copyright and of the authen- ticity of photographic copies; suggests that authors' rights should be established by UNESCO. Written by the Conservateur-Adjoint á la Direction des Biblio- théques de France, Paris.

216 Popecki, Joseph T. Microphotography and your library. Catholic library world (Chestnut Hill, Mass.) March 1948, v. 19: 187-190. Z67I.C36, v. 19 Argües that in the future it will cost Catholic libraries more to be vjithout the resources supplied by microphotography than to go to the expense of installing the necessary equipment; includes a brief bibliography. - 60 -

217 Portuguese centre of scientific documentation. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) June 1948, v. 2: 206. GPRR Explains that the Instituto Para a Alta Cultura, an official agency of the Ministry of Education in Lisbon, aims to collect, examine, and disseminate bibliographical documentation or other information for research workers in al1 branches of science; includes a sub-section concerned with photocopies and microfilms,

218 Power, Eugene B. University Microfilms—a microfilming service for scholars. Journal of documentation (London) June 1946, v. 2: 23-31. Z1007.J9, v. 2 The President of University Microfilms traces the work done by the firm since its establishment; describes assignments such as the British Manuscripts Project for the American Council of Learned Societies, filming of Short Title Catalogue books before 1600; the publicatión of doctoral dissertations in microfilm form, and also connection with the wartime filming of periodicals from the Continent of Europe by ASLIB Microfilm Service. See also his "The Manuscript Copying Program in England," American Archivist, Jan. 1944, v. 7: 28-32.

219 Projected books come to Rochester Public. Library journal (New York) July 1949, v. 74: 1039. Z671.L7, v. 74 "The íiochester, N. Y., Consistory, Scottish Rite Masons, has undertaken the project of making projected books available to bedridden patients...[and has] turned over to the Rochester Public Library 10 cqiling projectors and 300 books on 35mm film... The Rochester project has been established in co-operation with Projected Books, Inc., a non-profit organization in Ann Arbor which sells the projectors and films to civic and philanthropic organizations."

220 The Rapid Selector. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1949, v. 16, fase. 3: 87-88. Z1007.R495, v. 16 A press release describing the Selector which was demonstrated for the press on June 22, 1949.

221 Rare Chinese material more generally available. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Dec. 1947, v. 1: 258. GPRR Explains that 100 crates full of rare Chinese books were deposited for safe keeping by the - 61 -

221 Rare Chínese material... (cont.) National Library of Peking in .the Library of Congress before Pearl Harbor; describes the plans for the return of the books to China accompanied by three sets of microfilm copies, while microfilm of the collection will also be kept at the Library of Congress where it will be made available to all interested scholars.

222 Redepenning, Wilhelm. Über Probleme der Lesefilm-Technik. Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen (Leipzig) 1947, v. 61: 121-128. Z671.C39, v. 62 "... points out the importance of microfilm as a means of replacing whole sections of war destroyed collections, mentions the usual technical problerns to be considered.. .and the less usual legal problem of copyright if and when many libraries replace entire collections by microfilm, but devotes most of his space to a clear analysis of two basic matters: method of filming and method of reading." Quoted from a review by Lester K. Born of the Office of Military Govern- ment for Germany, Karlsruhe, published in American Archivist, Oct. 1948, v. 11: 371.

223 Reimer, Eduard. Die Rechte der Autoren und Verleger bei Vervielfaitigung von Zeitschriften im Wege der Mikrophotographie. [The rights of authors and publishers with respect to copyright when periodicals are reproduced by means of microphotography] Gewerblicher Rechtsschutz und Urheberrecht (Berlin) March 1948, v. 50: 98-103. T201.G3, v. 50 Contains the text of a proposed model contract between the Berlin unión of publishers and booksellers and Dr. Heinz Lübeck's limited Corpora- tion, "The Mikrophot" (Berlin Grünewald, Hohen- zollerndamm 150); analyzes the rights of publishers and of authors, as set forth in the Germán copyright law of June 19, 1907, with reference to those who are now producers of microfilm; makes proposals for a compromise to be made by the interested parties. Includes numerous bibliographical footnotes. An Italian translation of this article appears in II Dirritto di Autore (Rome) Jan.-June 1949, v. 20: 90-101. Manuscript of an unpublished English translation is on file in the General Reference and Bibliography División, Library of Congress. - 62 -

224 Remington Rand announces new desk-type reader. Library journal (New York) Áug. 1948, v. 73: 1117. Z671.L7, v. 73 The Film-a-Record Reader-Desk, described as a new type of motoj>-driven microfilm reader to facilítate reference to micro-records, was developed by the Photo Records División of Remington Rand, Inc.; application for a booklet giving particulars is invited by the División, Room 142, New York 10, N. Y.

225 Remoortel, Andre van. Le microfilm en BelgLque. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1947, v. 14, fase. 2:98. Z1007.R495, v. 14 Tells of the organization of the Centre Inter- national de Documentation par Microfilm (CIDMI) and makes recommendations conceming the standard- izaron of microfilms along technical lines.

226 Rider, Fremont. Archival materials on microcards. American documentation (Washington) Jan. 1950, v. 1: 42-45. SD An article prepared in response to many inquiries concerning the use of the microcard technique for a wide variety of archival materials; explains that practicability can be determined only after a study of factors involved in each individual case, and suggests implications for microcards of the more important of these factors.

227 Microcards. Law library journal (Albuquerque, N. M.) Aug. 1948, v. 41: 191-199. Law Address dellvered at the 41st annual meeting of the American Association of Law Libraries held at the Pennsylvania Hotel, New York City, June 21-24, 1948; introductory statement on the progress of microcards and an outline of their promises and limitations, particularly for law libraries; followed by a question-and-answer period on topics such as possible desirability of a larger size in microcards, proper priorities to be used in the selection of legal material to be issued in this form, progress in meeting difficulties of reading microcards, etc.

228 Microcards. Medical Library Association. Bulletin (Baltimore, Md.) Jan. 1949, v. 37: 10-14. Z675.M4M4, v. 37 Explains representation on the Microcard Com- mittee, lists approved publishers of microcards, describes the functions of the Microcard Founda- tion, tells of plans formulated by the Council of - 63 -

228 Rider, Fremont. Microcards (cont.) Learned Societies to publish a mass of iiussian reference material by using the médium of microcards, and suggests that since the cost of microcards is about $15.00 for 100 copies of a work having 100 pages, with individual cards selling for ten to twenty cents each, microcards are cheaper than microfilm if more than five copies are required.

229 Microcards and legal materials. Law library journal Albuquerque, N. M.) May 1946, v. 39: 42-45. Law Suggests that in the field of law the place of microprint may be determined by frequency of use; explains that in the average law office 2,000 volumes answer 90 per cent of demands connected with research, while 10 per cent of such demands may be scattered through 50,000 volumes, therefore a library of 2,000 printed volumes and 10,000 to 20,000 volumes in microcard form would provide high research valué, while conserving both space and money.

230 Microcards and punched card filing. College and research libraries (Chicago) July 1949, v. 10: 233-235. Z671.C6, v. 10 Bases belief that punched card techniques are not practical for use in filing microcards upon considerations which include the following: punched card techniques are applicable to sorting not to filing; notches or holes would use up too much of the surface of the microcard; codifying for punching would be hopelessly elabórate; the number of cards to be run through might be as high as ten million—an impractical number for such treatment.

231 Saint Rat, L. de. Le microfilm dans la vie pratique. Fédération Internationale de Documentation (F.I.D.) Communicationes (ta Haye) 1946, v. 13, fase. 4? C55-C60. 21Q07.B495, v. 13 Historlcal article placing special emphasis on use of microfilm duiing World War II and as a means of restoring resources for scholarship in the postwar period; concludes: "En favorisant la diffusión du savoir humain, il aura le privilége de mettre la Science et la technique au service de l'idéal et de la foi démocratique"; provide3 17 bibliographical references. - 64 -

232 Salchow, W. Eine bedeutungsvolle Tagung. BBrsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel (Leipzig) Jan. 8, 1949, v. 116: 9-10. Z2225.B67, v. 116 Announces the reconstitution of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation (Cologne, Dec. 9, 1948) and reports recognition of photographic reproduction as the future method of safekeeping for records.

233 Seidell, Atherton. The aims of medical library service. Medical Library Association. Bulletin (Baltimore, Md.) Oct. 1946, v. 34: 336-339. ZÓ75.M4M4, v. 34 The writer, Honorary Consultant to the Army Medical Library (1946), considers the application of microfilm copying to the advancement of research, particularly when made available as a service of medical libraries.

234 Shaw, Ralph R. The Rapid Selector. Journal of documentation (London) Dec. 1949, v. 5: 164-171. Z1007.J9, v. 5 Summarizing the objectives of electronic selection, Mr. Shaw ñames the following areas in which such selection and reproduction may be useful to administration and research: "(l)Jíigh-speed finding and reproduction of any type of file material stored in a minimum of space. (2) Cumu- lative indexing of technical data or other materials so that complete searches may be made of all known sources as required. (3) Organization of knowledge on a much higher level, on the basis of intellectual content of material and the needs of research." Written by the librarian who developed the program, devised the coding system, and supervised the design, construction, and testing of the machine.

235 Ship histories on film. Library journal (New York) Sept. 1, 1949, v. 74: 1210. Z671.L7, v. 74 Describes the progress of a project undertaken by the New York Public Library to microfilm histories of all types of vessels, launched or in combat, during World War II, such histories being published originally by the Office of Naval Records and Histoiy of the U.S. Navy. Quotes the price of reels already published, and of Stars and Stripes. - 65 -

236 Shorter communications: news and technical notes. American documentation (Washington) Jan. 1950, v. 1: 51-57. SD Includes notes on the following topics: Readex Microprint Corporation and its work on the British Sessional Papers; provisional guide to photocopying and microcopying services in France, which lists 27 agencies; announcement of facilities for microfilm service in Italy; availability of the Official Gazette (1949) of the U.S. Patent Office on microfilm; Congresejonal Record to be made available on microfilm; Dr. Atherton Seidell's design and construction of an individual microfilm protector to provide a cheap and satisfactory method of reading microfilms; University Microfilms1 announcement of a new service to libraries which provides microfilm copies of current journals; publication of Newspapers on Microfilm, compiled under the direction of George A. Schwegmann and published by the Committee on Microfilm Coopera- tion of the Association of Research libraries; invitation to make suggestions for the improvement of the Argus Reading Machine, so that it ,-may possibly be redesigned and again placed ón the market.

237 Siedentopf, H., and J. Siedentopf. Dokumentation durch Mikrokopie. Physikalische Bl&tter (Karlsruhe) 1947, v. 3: 267-270. SD A technical study of microphotographic processes made in the light of postwar conditions in Germany, the destruction of libraries and private book collections, and the difficulty of securing foreign books and periodicals.

238 Silver, Henry M. The publication of original research materials. American documentation (Washington) Jan. 1950, v. 1: 13-23. SD The publication adviser to the American Council of Learned Societies summarizes difficulties en- countered when a publisher is sought for scholarly research works; indicates possibilities and limitations of various processes, including those represented by microfilm and microcards, through the use of which reduction in costs and freer circulation of materials may be achieved. - 66 -

239 Slate, Dorothy. Making molehills out of mountains. California monthly (Berkeley, Calif.) Jan. 1950, v. 60: 16-17, 42. LH1.C2A65, v. 60 News item in an alumni publication of the University of California concerning the work of the university's Photographic Service, under the direction of William fi.Hawken ; gives statistics for processing of microfilms in 1949»

240 South African libraries. Microfilm number (Johannesburg) October 1946, v. 14: 33-64. Z671.S69, v. 14 The official organ of the South African library Association devotes an issue to microfilm and related subjects.

241 Spohr, 0. H. The camera in the library, the photographic department of the University of Cape Town Librarles. South African libraries (Johannesburg) Jan.-April 1949, v. 16: 109-117. Z671.S69, v. 16 Presents microfilm as a relief from wear and tear for rare books, as a substitute for the purchase of expensive works, and as an aid to bibliographic scholarshipj considers also equipment, expense, materials required, and cataloging procedures. See also an earlier article "Some Technical Aspects of Microphotography," South African Librarles Oct. 1946, v. 14: 34-36.

242 Starts Paris microfilm service. Library journal (New York) Peb. 15, 1946, v. 71* 288, 278. Z671.L7, v. 71 Announcea a liat of sane 800 volumes on microfilm iasued under the title, "Service dea Microfilms de l'Institut Pasteur," copies of which were available (Feb. 15, 1946) from Dr. Atherton Seidell at the Army Medical library, Washington, D.C. j states the hope that documentary material preparad by surgeons in the Napoleonic and Franco-Prussian Wara, now in the Val de Qrace Muaeum, later may be made available in the same way to the medioal profession in this country.

243 Stewart, Oeorge R. Tvdüght of the printed book. Paoiflo speotator (Stanford, Calif.) WInter 1949, v. 3» 32-39. AP2.P176, v. 3 Viendng the possible effects on printed books of progresa in developing alcreftl», aicroprint, and audible reeordiags, an auther and teaeher of IngUsh at the University of California relates - 67 -

243 Stewart, George R. Twilight of the printed book (cont.) such effects to those which followed the transition from oral to written literature and later to literature preserved in printed books; a literary and historical article.

244 Tate, Vernon D. From Binkley to Bush. American archivist (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) July 1947, v. 10: 249-257. CD3020.A45, v. 10 Gives high points of the history of documentary reproduction in the decade 1936-1946; includes material on microfilm, microprint, and microcards; sets forth possibilities neglected by many scholars who fail to acquire a knowledge of the aids to research with which the writer deals.

245 Photography in research—postwar. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1947, v. 15, fase. 1: 8-14. A review of the historical development of photography and its increasing utility for research considers microfilm along with other types of photography. Z1007.R495, v. 15

246 Taubes, Ernest P. Microfilm camera records both sides of documents. Electrical manufactuiing (New lork) Jan. 1948, v. 41: 76-80, 166, 168, 170. TKL.E362, v. 41 Texfc, photographs, and drawings explain the design and operation of the Fassel Foto-File camera, a feature of which is "its ability to photograph simultaneously both the front and back of the copy;" written by the President of the MLcrotronics Corporation which developed the camera.

247 Teare, Robert F. Microphotography and cataloging: a forecast. College and research libraries (Chicago) July 1946, v. 7: 231-236. Z671.C6, v. 7 Not eoncemed primarily with the details of cataloging techniques as such, but rather devoted to relating problems of recording and servicing microfilm and microcards to the "control of the vast and ever growing body of published materials not adequately covered by the present centralized cataloging services..."; by the Head Cataloger (1946) of Claremont Colleges Library. - 68 -

248 Tonne, Herbert A. Microfilm, its possibilities and limitations. Journal of business education (Wilkes-Barre, Pa.) v. 21, Apr. 1946: 24-26. HF1101.J6, v. 21 Reviews conditions under which use of microfilm records in business is advisable and profitable; written by a professor of education at New York University, who states that the article is based in part on material acquired at a conference held in Washington, D.C., by the Federal Inter-Agency Records Administration.

249 Trent, Robert M. Serves microfilming needs of university and región. library journal (New York) May 15, 1949, v. 74: 838-840. Z671.L7, v. 74 Gives an account of the installation of a Microfilm Department at the Louisiana State University Library from the inception of the idea, through a study of feasibility, and to a concluding description of facilities that will implement the program of the Department; written by the former Chief of Technical Processes at the University.

250 Turner, James. Microfilming saves space and time. American business (Chicago) v. 16, March 1946: 12-15* HF5001.A45, v. 16 On the basis of reports from several firms, provides an analysis of costs and accomplishments which result from the use of microfilm for various purposes in numerous fields of business.

251 UNESCO Clearing House for Periodical Reproduction. Revue de la documentation (La Haye) 1949, v. 16, fase. 3: 86-87. Z1007.R495, v. 1 "Reports and enquiries received about out-of- print periodicals are centralized in the Clearing House... Particularly important...is the development of unión catalogues in various countries of long runs of periodicals on microfilm... It is estimated that there will be sufficient demand to employ photo-lithography exclusively for out-of- print issues [of seven periodicals] from 1939 to 1945. Issues out-of-print prior to 1939 will be considered for microfilming." - 69 -

252 UNESCO distributes thirty microfilin readers. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Feb. 1948, v. 2: 42 GPRR Declares that shortage of microfilm, readers seriously hinders international library rehabili- tation, therefore 30 Thomson-Houston readers were acquired by UMESCO for allocation to libraries of national importance in Europe, China, and the Philippines. For an announcement of plans to place 18 additional readers see the Bulletin, Aug. 1948, v. 2: 278.

253 UNESCO's third general conference. UNESCO bulletin for libraries (Paris) Feb. 1949, v. 3: 42, 44- GPRR Includes instructions to the Director-General 11 to promote the reproduction by microfilm, photo- lithography or by other suitable methods of out- of-print periodicals in selected fields of education, science and culture so as to supply the needs of libraries in member states, particularly in war- devastated areas."

254 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organiza- tion. Libraries División. Libraries División activities 1949- Paris, UNESCO, 22 March 1949. 9 P- UNESC0/LBA/10. GPRR Contains a summary of action in fulfillment of the Third General Conference Resolutions. See p. 8, "Reproduction of out-of-print Periodi- cals," for a statement of plans for meeting requests for such periodicals, either by photo-offset or by microfilm. See also p. 9, "Guide to Photographic Reproduc- tion Services," for information concerning a guide to such services for which FID had already collected a large mass of material and for which there is urgent need because of the increasing use of microfilm and other reproduction devices.

255 University Microfilms announces a program for filming periodicals. Library journal (New York) Nov. 15, 1949, v. 74= 1764-1767. Z671.L7, v. 74 Includes a list of periodicals for 1949 available on microfilm, gives ñames of tested reading machines, and describes discounts on machines available to purchasers of microfilms. Estimates that films to replace regular paper editions cost approximately what would be spent on binding the original paper copy to which the library must also subscribe. - 70 -

256 Vetsch, Ulrich. Der Mikrofilm. Nachrichten der Verein- igung Schweizer. Bibliothekare und der Schweizer. Vereinigung für Dokumentation (Bern) Jan.-Feb. 1949, v. 25: 16-18. SD A pro and con analysis of the place of microfilm in scholarly work and as a substitute for photostats.

257 Wagman, Frederick H. Information center for long-run microfilms. Library of Gongress Information bulletin (Washington) Jan. 16, 1950, v. 9, no. 3: 18. (PER Describes the work of the Union Catalog División, Library of Congress, in maintaining a file of the information received from cooperating libraries concerning extensive microfilming projects involving newspapers, seriáis, and manuscript collections; responding to inquiries is also a function of the information center; the writer is Director of the Processing Department of the Library of Congress.

258 Watkins, A. H. A microfilm service for public libraries. Library assistant (London) Jan.-Feb. 1949, v. 42: 6-7. Z671.L691, v. 42 "The system was used during the war to send information quickly to distant spheres of operation, e.g., the Royal Society of Medicine sent microfilms of the latest medical information by air to remotely placed doctors, who were supplied with microfilm readers..." Using the example of the valué of microfilm given above, along with various other illustrations, the writer suggests that the full development of microfilm service in Great Britain depends upon limits set by copyright law and that general development depends upon availability of microfilm readers to most of the population. He raises the question of the best champion for such development and suggests for consideration the Library Association, the National Central Library, or the Carnegie United Kingdom Trust.

259 WiUging, Eugene P. Microphotography in the library. Catholic University bulletin (Washington) v. 14, March 1947: 7-9. SD Emphasizes the valué to scholars of microfilm copies of diocesan newspapers and archives, reference and rare books, ineunabula, and doctoral dissertations in the field of church history; enumerates difficulties that rnay be experienced in attempting to make full use of the possibilities inherent in microfilm as a means of documentary,reproduction; written by the Director of the Library of Catholic University of America. - 71 -

260 Wilson, Leonard S. Lessons from the experience of the Map Information Seetion, OSS. Geographieal review (New York) April 1949, v. 39: 293-310. G1.G35, v. 39 See particularly p. 300-302: "Microfilming of Map Catalogues and Maps," for the outcome of a project developed by the Map Information Seetion of the Geography División of OSS to microfilm usable maps located in the major eollections of the United States; written by a professor of geography (1949) at Carleton College, Minnesota.

261 Wilson, William J. Analysis of government records an emerging profession. Library quarterly (Chicago) Jan. 1946, v. 16: 1-19. Z671.L713, v. 16 See particularly p. 17-19 for a brief discussion of suggested effeets of microcards on the funda- mentáis of record analysis.

262 Historical libraries—new style. College and research libraries (Chicago) Jan. 1950, v. 11: 54-62, 68. Z671.C6, v. 11 See p. 59-62 for a discussion of use of documentary microfilming by research libraries as part of an acquisition program for attaining approximate completeness in their fields of specialization; uses as an example the work of the Cleveland Branch of the Army Medical Library; written by the Chief of the History of Medicine División of the Army Medical Library, who supplies in a footnote the information that in an early issue of the Library Quarterly he is publishing a more complete account of the medico- historical microfilm projeet upon which his library is engaged. Presented as an address to the Friends of the Library, Baldwin-Wallace College, June 19, 1949.

263 Wright, Almon R. Lure of the microphotograph. College and university (Menasha, Wis.) April 1948, v. 23: 382-395. LB2301.A13, v. 23 In a paper presented before the Association of Ohio College Registrars, at Denison University, Oct. 22, 1947, consideration is given to points for and against setting up a microfilm center in a college or university; includes a discussion of registrars1 records that will repay microfilming and also of cooperative participation in the use and care of microfilm by various interested departments in an institution; written by the Head (1947) of the Execu- tive and Foreign Affairs Branch of the General Records Office of the National Archives, Washington, D. C. - 73 -

TOPICAL INDEX

While the index is designed primarily as a guide to subjects referred to in annotations of entries in the bibliography, it includes also significant tities, as well as ñames, both personal and institutional, which do not appear in the alphabetical arrangement of Part I and Part II. The numbers refer to items, not to pages.

Nos. Nos. ASLIB Microfilm Service 45,185,218 American Council of Leamed See also Boyal Society Societies. Committee on of Medicine Central Negro Studies 182 Medical Bureau American Council of Leamed Abstracts 42,84,99 Societies. Joint Committee Accessioning 184 on Materials for Research.. 33 Accounting materials 88,183 American Council on Public Acquisition by libraries Affairs. (Microfilm Ser- General discussion . « . 134,165 vice) 178 216,262 American Documentation Policies and programs 26,53,92 Institute ...... 3,4,112,124 144,156,163,228 American Enka Corporation, 229,262 Asheville, N. C 161 Types of material acquired 9,12 American Histórica! Asso- 48,56,72,114,136 ciation. Special Committee 143,160, 168,170 on the British Sessional 176,210,218, 221 Papers 28 Uses of microphotographic American Library Association. editions 18,82,111,132,138 Board of Resources of Ameri- 140,1M, 155, 222 can Libraries . . 82 232, 233, 237,241 American Library Association. 256, 259 Committee on Aid to Libraries See also Libraries and in War Areas • 108 documentary reproductions American Library Association. Administration División of Cataloging and See Libraries and documentary Classificatión. Committee on reproductions Administration 177 Aeronautical materials . . 91,110 American Library Association. 145,192 International Relations Board 82 Air-technical documents 91 American Optical Company. Aisho o....o..« . 176 Scientific Instrument Divi- American Archivist . . . 199,201 sion, Buffalo, N. Y. . . 194,196 American Association of American Press Institute . . 171 Law Libraries 227 Amic Reader Protector . . 94 American Association of Ann Arbor. Public Library . 191 Petroleum Geologists .... 137 Annals of Congress: . . 41 American Council of Leamed Anthropological materials . 179 Societies ..... 1,2,16,114,228 - 74 - Nos. Nos. Archival materials . 19,36,61 Bender, Matthew and Company 169 180,199,203 Benjamin Franklin Library, 226,261 México City, México. Micro- American . 32,36,37,69,70,76 film Labóratory 136,170 78,79,90,153,154,236 Bern. University 99 Australian .... . 83 Bibliofilm (now Photocopying) British 28 143,236 Service 34 French . 143 Bibliographical control . . . 64,100 Germán ...... 147 106.139.234.247 Hispanic 136,170 Bibliographies . . 9,21,35,46,52,73 Japanese . . 98 82,83,131,168,231 Archival materials on See also Catalogs and lists microcards . 226 Biblioteca Hispano Americana . . 12 Archival work Biblioteca Nacional de Santiago See Records management de Chile 12 Argus Reading Machine . . 236 Bibliotheca Americana Arizona 90 (Joseph Sabin) . . 157 Army Medical Library Binkley, Robert C. . . . 33,190,244 See U.S. Army Medical Boni, Albert 28 Library "Bookfilm" As We May Think 13 See "Libro-film" Association of Research Libra- Booklovers' Association of ries. Committee on Interlibrary Formosa 176 Cooperation in Microfilming Books printed in England Extensive Runs of Library before 1600 34,80,135,218 Materials Born, Lester K 222 See Association of Research Bourgeois, Pierre 99 Libraries. Committee on Bristows, Cooke & Carpmael ... 55 Library Cooperation British Manuscript Project 1,114,218 Association of Research Libra- British Museum Microfilm Service 130 ries. Committee on Library British National Committee Cooperation , 56 on Documentation 54 Association of Research Libra- British Public Records Office . 143 rles. Committee on Micro- British Sessional Papers 28,34,236 film Cooperation 236 Brown, Ann Duncan 73 Association of Research Libra- Building contractors1 records . 133 ries. Committee on the Bulletin Analytique 84 Photographic Reproduction of Bus companies' records 133 Research Materials 49 Bush Rapid Selector . . . 13,23,234 Australian archives ..... 83 Business applications . 21,29,50,62 Auxiliary publications 4,82,99 88,146,161, 162 112,238 183.205.213.248 Babb, James T 109 250 Banking records 50 Butler, Mr., of Engineering Beals, Ralph A...... 49 Research Associates 68 Beilsteins Handbuch der California. University. Organischen Chemie 41 Libraries 138 Belgium 115,225 Library. Photographic Service 239 75 -

Nos. Nos. Cambrid ge (England). Commission on Organization University. Libraries . . 1 of the Executive Branch of Cameras 19,50,59,62,81 the Government 102,130,183,195,246 See U.S. Commission on Camping, Literature of . . . 105 Organization of the Cañada . 14,58 Executive Branch of Cape Town. University. the Government libraries. Photographic Committee on the Reproduction Department 241 of Foreign Library Holdings 60 Carbery, W 148 Committees . . 28,33,48 Carnegie Corporation of 49,54,58,60,108 New York 193 120,148,157,177 Catalog cards, Reproduc- 182,236 tion of ...... 74,177 Community organization, Cataloging practices 247 Literature of . 105 Microfilm .... 103,184,241 Coney, Donald 49 Microcards .... 141,158 Conference on International Catalogs and lists 2,4,12,14,30 Cultural, Educational and 35,41,42,44,48 Scientific Exchanges, Prince- 56,67,75,80,108 ton University, November 25- 115,168,251,255 26, 1946 82 See also Bibliographies Conferences 8,16,18,19,54 Catholic research materials 259 55,63,82,99,110,215 Center for Scientific Aids Congressional Record .... 236 to Learaing ...... 39,193 Conservation of Centers (Microfilm) origináis ..... 132,138,241 See Microfilm services Copyright . . . 55,58,89,169,209 Central Mr Documents Office 110 214,215,222,223,258 Central Medical Library Costs 78,101,130,134,149 Bureau of the Royal Society .161^165,169,216,250 of Medicine ...... 185 255 Centre International de Courier-Journal. Louisville 157 Documentation par Micro- Cultural history materials 253 film (CIDMI) ...... 225 Detroit. Public Library . . 191 Centre National de la Deutsche Buecherei, Leipzig 210 Recherche Scientifique, Deutsche Gesellschaft ftir París 9«0*o«*ooo Dokumentation ...... 232 Chiapas (México). Semanario Diebold Flofilm Reader ... 94 Judicial 170 Directories 15,58,148 Chicago. University. 236,254,257 Library. Department of Photo- See also Services graphic Reproduction . . 177,179 Dissertations 42,99,179,218,259 Chinese materials ...... 221 Abstracts ...... 42,84 Cologne conference ..... 18 Documentary reproduction 3,4,8 Columbia University ..... 171 16,29,33,34,35,38, 52 Comité Argentino de Biblio- 54,59,60,84,110,118,124 tecarios de Instituciones 148,149,151,186,187,188- Cientificas y Técnicas ... 61 215,217,237,244,245,262 - 76 -

Nos. Nos. Documentary reproduction. Filmdexing . . 95 History .... 10,17,26,33,34 Fisch, Max H 10 53,59,60,62,63 Foundation for the Study of 72,85,120,121,131 Man 104 135,139,163,218,231 France 24,30,84,143 243,244,245 215,236,242 See also World War II Fussler, Hermán H 49 International coopera- Gebr. Frank, Firma 150 tion 186,215 General Education Board . . . 182 Periodicals .... 3,34,35,40 General works ... 17,26,29,33,53 41,52,66,199 Geological materials . . . 117,137 Techniques Geophysical materials .... 117 See Techniques of docu- Gerard, Jean 99 mentary reproduction Germany ..... 18,19,27,89,142 See also Arcbival materials; 166,175,222,223, Records management 232,237 Documentation societies . . 4,18,19 Glossaries ..... 17 52,124,148,217 See also Terminology 225,232 Goodwin, Nixon, Hargravg, Drawings 96,101,113 Middleton and Devans, (law 145,161 firm) Rochester, N. Y. ... 51 Early English Text Society Great Britain . . . 11,35,45,54,55 publications ...... 41,107 65,80,83,107,118 Eastman Kodak Company, 130,132, 155,184 Rochester, N. Y. .... 51,146 185-190, 214 Edsall, Preston W 56 Greek materials 104 Educational materials . . 101,110 Griscombe Corporation, 113,162,253 New York 195 English literature . . 41,107,172 Group work materials 105 Equipment 17,19,29,50,62 Hakluyt Society publications 107 74,79,93,94,102 Hannum, F. A 191 134,183,241,249 Harvard University. Library . 160 See also Cameras; Reading Hawken, William R 239 machines Hazards for microfilm .... 200 Erickson, Edgar L., ed 28 Hazen, Margaret P., ed. ... 39 Espionage 60,167 Henkle, Hermán H 53 Evans, Luther H 8,10 Hewitt Dix Evidence See Dix, Charles Hewitt . . 117 See Legal status Hispanic materials . . . 12,136,170 Exchanges 175 Historieal materials . 139,143,147 Fassel Foto-File camera . . . 246 168,253 Féderation Internationale See also Archival materials de Documentation .... 52,63,84 Holbrook Combination Reader . . 94 Filing, Microcard 230 Holland 85,Í19 Filing, Microfilm 17,103 Holmes, Donald G 74 Film 6,11,57,62,77 "Hoover Report" 37 197,200,206 Hospital records 133 Film-a-Record Reader-Desk . . 224 Iben, Icko 19 - 77 -

Nos. Nos. Illinois microfilm center 174 Libraries and documentary Income tax records 133 reproductions .... 25,26,34,35 Information center for 53,81,100,102,103 microfilms . 257 126,131,132,134,140 Institut Pasteur, Paris . . 43,242 144,156,158,163,165 Instituto Para a Alta 169,184,190,204,208 Cultura, Iisbon 217 216,219,233,241,247 Interlibrary loans . . . 48,82,254 249,258,259,262 International cooperation 52,66 See also Acquisition by 82,186,188 libraries 215,231 Libraries on microcards . . 137,229 International Federation Libraries on microfilm .... 100 of Documentation .... . 52 Library buildings ...... 25 Library Journal . 208 National library of . . . 102 Library of Congress Italy ...... 123,236 See U.S. Library of 98,176 Congress . 13 Library of Congress Mission in Europe ...... 210 Keuning, K. J . 85 "Libro-film" ...... 123 Life insurance records . . 146,205 Kodak, ltd...... 102 Lilienfield, H. J. 70 Kodak library Reader . . . . 102 Linda Hall Library, Laboratorio de Fotoduplica- Kansas City, Mo 134 ciones del Instituto Biblio- Lockheed experience in tecológico Universidad de microfilming records 93 Buenos Aires 61 The London Times Laboratory equipment See The Times, London See Equipment Louisiana. State University. Latin Americana ..... 12 Library. Microfilm Depart- Legal materials ment 249 Microcards 41,169,173,227,229 Louisville. Public Library . . 157 Microfilm . . . 32,90,153,154 Louisville Courier-Journal 179,201 See Courier-Journal, See also Catalogs and listsj Louisville Legal status Ludington, Flora B. 109 Legal status . . . 37,51,71,127,198 Maison de la Chimie 24 201,202,205,213 Manchester Guardian 184 Legislative Documents Micro- Manuscript Copying Program film. Project .... 32,153,154 in Bngland 218 Legislative Joumals Micro- Manuscript materials 1,114,168 film Project 214,218,257 See Legislative Documents Maps 96,128,260 Microfilm Project Massachusetts Institute Leisinger, Albert H 76 of Technology 23,193 Lenin Library, Moscow .... 181 Mathematical materials .... 12 Lester, H. M., ed. . . . . « 59 Mathematical Review micro- Libraries, Devastated . . . 18,222 film service 12 237,253 - 78 -

Nos. Nos. Mechará cal aids to Microcards (cont.) learning 13,39,64,100 History ...... 41,53,109,158 188,193 171-173,209 Mechanical selec- Iamitations , 226,227 tion 13,39,100,139 Publications . . 41,105,107,115 193,234 116,157,158,169 See also Rapid Sélector 171-173,228 Medical research Publishers . . 41,105,115,116 materials 30,43>67,233 157,158,169,172,228 242,258,262 Microdot 60,167 Medicofilm Service ...... 67 Microfiche 24,116 See also U. S. Army Medical Mierofile (Proprietary) Library. Photoduplication Limited 86 Service Microfilm exchanges with Medina, José Torlbio. Biblio- Germany (proposed) 175 teca hispano-americana .... 12 Microfilm Rapid Selector Medina Collection 12 See Rapid Selector' Mehne, Erich 19 Microfilm services . . 2,4,12,15,30 Memex 13 34,39,43,58,67 Merit rating forms 177 74,76,81,84,86 Metcalf, Keyes D 49 112,118,120,130 Methods of Reproducing 148,165,174,177-179 Research Materials 33 185,215,217,218,223 Mexican materials . . . 12,136,170 225,235*236,239,242 Mexican Offlcial Gazette . .. . 170 249,254,258 México. Foreign Office. Microfilming, History of . 17,34,60 Relaciones Exteriores . . . 170 62,72,145,189 Michigan. University. Microfilming projeets . . 1,16,32,34 English Department . . . 97 61,70,80,90,91 General Library ..... 1 93,97,98,104,114 William L. Clements Library 97 120,121, 126,136 Mero Library Reader ... 172 153,154, 160,170 Micro-Record ...... 195 192,218,262 Microbuches ...... 142 Evaluation and planning . . 25,26 Microcard Bulletin 41,115,173 62,70,78,79,134 Microcard Committee ... 228 149,163,216,248,249 Microcard Foundation 109,173,228 Microfilms Microcard libraries . 137,229 Auxiliary publication Microcard Library, Inc 172 médium .... , . 4,82,99,112 Microca,rd readers . 41,lÍ6A58,172 Contrasted with Microcards .... 53-55,122,132 microcards . . . . 101,107 156,171 Life expectancy . 57,180,200 Cataloging and servicing 141,158 Limitations . . , 31,79,128,248 Contrasted with micro- Storage . . . . , . 22,29,200 films . 101,107 Microphotography, Future of 13,60 Costs 41,116,228 Microprint 3,28,53,62,236 Filing f . . . 230 Mikrographisches Institut, Future 137,204 Karlsruhe, Germany ...... 175 79 -

Nos. Nos. "The Mikrophot," Berlin .... 223 Peking. National Library .... 221 Ministry of Foreign Affairs Penna, Carlos Victor 61 in Paris 143 Periodicals on microfilm 9,30,43,44 Missions, Christian, 67,97,108, 160 Literature of . 155 185,208,236,251,255 Modern Language Association See also Catalogs and lists Deposit 114 Philips' Gloeilampenfabrieken, Moholy, Lucia 118 Eindhoven. Netherlands ..... 64 Morgan, Willard D., ed. . . . 59,62 Photodruck und Photocopie, Moscow. Lenin Library .... 181 A. G., Zurich 152 Moscow News 181 Photographic reproduction Mt. Sinai microfilming project 104 See Documentary reproduction National Advisory Committee Photographing machines for Aeronautics 192 See Cameras National Archives Council ... ¿9 Photographs, Documentary .... 75 National Research Council Photographs on microfilm .... 171 of Japan 176 Photography in research . . 245,256 Nazi-Soviet Relations, Photomicrography .... 24,167,189 1939-1941 147 Photorecord 59 Negro newspapers 182 Photostats 129,256 New Hampshire ñeports 169 Physical education materials . . 105 New York. Public Library . . 103 Portugal 217 129,235 Pride, Ármistead S 182 New York Times 171 Projected books 60,87,159 New Zealand 92 164,191,219 Newspapers on microcards. . 157,171 Projected Books, Inc. See also Catalogs and lists Ann Arbor. Mich 219 Newspapers on microfilm . . 14,49,56 Projects 65,83,102,111 See Mierofilming projects 138, 182, 184 Publishers1 Weekly 208 235,257 Rahts, Walter 19 See also Catalogs and lists Railroad records 133 Noble, Ruth V 82 Rapid Selector .... 13,23,68,100 Noli, Daniel F 70,79 207,211,212,220,234 North Carolina. University . . 32 Readex Microprint Corporation 28,236 Northern Engraving Company, Reading machines La Crosse, Wis 158 Microcards .... 41,116,158,172 Office International de Chimie 24 Microfilms . . . 7,11,17,19,62,64 Official Gazette (U. 3. Patent 81,94,102,130,150 Office) . . 236 152,181,194,195,196 Orco-Graphic Reader 94 224,236,252 Order forms, Múltiple 177 Microprint 27,28,122,236 Organizations 1,2,4,16,18 Recordak Corporation, New York 146 19,40,41,49,54,55 Recordak Film Reader Model C 94,197 89,111,114,124,137 Records management . . . 37,47,60,70 148 >157,175,176,178 79,232,261 182,228,232,240 See also Archival materials Pasteur Institute Recreational planning 105 See Institut Pasteur Registrars' records 263 - 30 -

Nos. Nos. Remington Rand, Inc. Photo Space, Conservation of 37,53,101,102 Records División, New York 224 113,162,250 Reproduction of Materials for Special libraries 100,137,158, 229 Research 10 Specifications for microfilm 5,6,7 Research on documentary repro- 11,49,57,77,184 duction 39,93,193 Spencer Microfilm Reader .... 152 Resources for scholarship 231 Spencer Scholar's Microfilm Review of documentation Reader 94 See Revue de la documen- Springfield College, Spring- tation 52 field. Mass 105 Rice, Paul N 109 Standards for microfilm Rider, Fremont 109 See Specifications for Rochester. Public Library . 219 microfilm Rock Island ííailroad .... 183 Stars and Stripes 235 "Rolls Series" 41,107 State Records Microfilm Royal Society of Medicine 258 Projeet 32,153,154 Central Medical Library Storage of microfilms . . 22,29,200 Bureau 185 Strong, Earl P 47 Russia 181 Stryker, Roy Russian materials 2,9,173,181,228 Sweden 111,149,150,152 Russian reprint program .... 2 Switzerland 99,256 Sabin, Joseph. Dictionary of Tate, Vernon D 49 books relating to America . 157 6d • ••••••••••• 3>34>39 Salzburg conference . . . 19 Technical aspeets of docu- Schellenberg, Theodore R . 69 mentary reproduction . . 3,17,19,20 Schurer, Heinz .... . 18 26,27,29,59 Schwegmann, George A. . . 49 62,64,74,78 Scientific aids to learning 10,13 81,85,93,96,119 33,39,64,100 122,166,167,197 193,234 199,200,203,206 Scientific literature 84,100,106 222,225,237,241 112,144, 178 Terminology 6,7,17,24,49,58,116,189 185, 217,253 See also Glossaries Seidell, Atherton 43,242 Thomson-Houston reading machine 252 Services The Times. London 65,83,102 See Microfilm services Timken Roller Bearing Ship histories 235 Company, Cantón, Ohio 162 Short Title Catalogue UNESCO 66,136,215 (Pollard and Redgrave) . 135,218 252-254 Skordas, Gust 22 UNESCO. Library 140 Social science materials . . 178 ültrafax 35,64,125 Social Science Research 151,190 Council. Joint Committee on U.S. Army Air Forces 91 Materials for Research .... 33 U.S. Army Medical Library. South Africa . . . 86,106,121,131 Photoduplicatión Service . . 67,262 240,241 U.S. Bureau of Aeronautics Soviet Encyclopaedia ..... 173 (Department of the Navy) 145 -81-

Nos. Nos. U.S. Bureau of Ships 145 U.S. Library of Congress (cont.) U.S. Central Air Documents Union Catalog División . . 56,257 Office (líavy-Air Forcé) . . 110 U.S. National Bureau of U.S. Commission on Organiza- Standards . 57 tion of the Executive Branch U.S. Office of Naval Records of the Government. Office and History 235 of General Services ..... 37 U.S. Office of Strategic U.S. Department of Agriculture. Services. Map Information Library 23 Section 260 Photocopying Service . . 34 U.S. Office of War Information 75 U.S. Department of State . . . 147 U.S. Patent Office 236 U.S. Department of the Army 70 U.S. Supreme Court 179 See also U.S. War Depart- U.S. Veterans Adminis- ment, no. 79 tration .... 78,146 U.S. Department of the University Microfilms, Navy 133,145 Ann Arbor, Mich. . . . 42,80,81 U.S. Farm Security 97,108,208 Administration 75 218,236,255 U.S. -Library of Congress . . 72,75 V-mail 60,145,161 98,104,125 Val-de-Grace, Musée du, 126,136,143 Paris 242 163,192,210,221 Waybills 183 Hispanic Foundation . . . .136 Westinghouse Electric Corpo- Microfilm Reading Room 1,72,114 ration, East Pittsburgh, Pa. 113 Photoduplication William L. Clements Library, Service 72,74,197 Ann Arbor, Mich 97 Prints and Photographs Winsor, Mulford 90 División 75 World War II 60,86,95 Processing Department ... 9 145,147,161 Science and Technology 167,231,235 Project 64,197 Zeitschrift ftir Physikalische Chemie . . . . 178