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TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna Sinensis L.)

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TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna Sinensis L.) Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya, 6(2), 2019, 71-78 This is an open access article under the CC-BY-SA license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/) ISSN 2355-6102 (print), ISSN 2502-0404 (online) PENGARUH KOMPOS LIMBAH KULIT KOPI (Coffea) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN KACANG PANJANG (Vigna sinensis L.) 1Hartati, 1Nikman Azmin*, 1Andang dan 2Muhammad Eka Hidayatullah 1Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Bima Author correspondent: [email protected] Diterima 19 Agustus 2019 disetujui 25 September 2019 ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of coffee skin waste compost on the growth of long beans (Vigna sinensis L.). This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD). Data analysis using ANOVA test. The results of the research showed that the growth of Vigna sinensis L. after being given coffee waste skin compost fertilizer was an average plant height and number of leaves after 2 weeks, 4 weeks and 6 weeks, ie with a dose of treatment A1 (33.00 cm and 19 strands), A2 ( 48.90 cm and 25 strands), A3 (61.27 cm and 3 strands) and A4 (61.27 cm and 3 strands). While the results of the analysis of the value of Fcount and Ftable from the high growth of Vigna sinensis L.. showed at age 2 weeks 8.13 > 4.07, 4 weeks 7.99 > 4.07, and 6 weeks 14.34 > 4.07. While the results of the analysis of the value of Fcount and Ftable from most of the leaves of Vigna sinensis L. at the age of 2 weeks 17.00 > 4.07, 4 weeks 7.58 > 4.07, and 6 weeks 6.44 4.07. The use of coffee skin waste compost fertilizer can increase the high growth and number of leaves of the Vigna sinensis L.. plant. Keywords: Compost, Coffee Skin, Long Beans, Organic Fertilizers PENDAHULUAN (Yudha et al 2016). Kacang panjang Kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) memang tanaman komersial karena merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman hasilnya mudah dipasarkan namun kacang-kacangan yang sering ketersediaan pupuk organik saat ini cukup dibudidayakan diseluruh dunia (Qasem dan terbatas (Afrizo, 2015) maka diperlukan Biftu, 2010) oleh petani, baik secara pupuk alternatif yang baik, aman dan murah monokultur maupun sebagai tanaman sela. agar produksi semakin tinggi, salah satunya Tanaman ini mudah ditanam di lahan seperti penggunaan limbah kolit kopi seperti dataran rendah maupun dataran sebagai bahan pembuatan pupuk kompos. tinggi, baik di tanah sawah, tegalan, Rizkywan, (2014) mengatakan bahwa maupun di tanah pekarangan (Samadi, limbah kulit kopi banyak mengandung 2013), tanaman ini juga memiliki protein, vitamin A, lemak dan karbohidrat kandungan gizi yang tinggi yaitu vitamin A, (Haryanto, 2011). Limbah kulit kopi dapat vitamin B, vitamin C, dan mineral pada dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatn polongnya sedangkan bijinya mengandung pupuk kompos (Afrizon, 2016; Adnan, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat (Simarmata 2014). Beberapa penelitian seperti Melisa, et al 2015), selain itu tingkat konsumsi (2018) mengatakan bahwa kadar C-organik masyarakat terhadap tanaman ini cukup kulit buah kopi adalah 45,3 %, kadar tinggi dan merupakan salah satu jenis nitrogen 2,98 %, fosfor 0,18 % dan kalium sayuran yang cukup popular yang sering 2,26 % dan juga mengandung unsur Ca, terlihat di pasar (Fahruddin, 2012) yang Mg, Mn,Fe, Cu dan Zn. Selain itu data lain menempati urutan ke- 8 dari 20 jenis bahwa kadar Corganik limbah kulit buah sayuran yang dikonsumsi di Indonesia kopi adalah 10.80%, kadar nitrogen 4,73%, © 2019 Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya | 71 Hartati, Nikman Azmin, Andang dan Muhammad Eka Hidayatullah fosfor 0,21% dan kalium 2,89% (Direktorat serta mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan Jenderal Perkebunan, 2014; Falahuddin, et sehingga peneliti tertarik mengambil al 2016), hal ini terbukti dalam penelitian penelitian ini dengan judul pengaruh Hutapea et al (2018) yang berhasil kompos limbah kulit kopi (Coffea) terhadap memberikan penambahan panjang batang pertumbuhan kacang panjang (Vigna tumbuhan karet yang paling tinggi yakni sinensis L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk sekitar 50.98 cm dengan memberikan 15 mengetahui Pengaruh Kompos Limbah ton/ha kompos kulit kopi. Sedangkan dalam Kulit Kopi Terhadap Pertumbuhan Kacang penelitian Berlian et al (2015) menjelaskan Panjang. bahwa penambahan kompos kulit kopi (Coffea robusta L.) dengan berat 90 gr pada METODE media tanam dapat memberikan Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian maksimum terhadap tanaman cabai eksperimen dan pengamatan langsung di keriting. lapangan, dimana tekhnik pengumpulan Penelitian terdahulu mengenai data dilakukan ditempat penelitian. penggunaan pupuk kompos limbah kulit Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun kopi telah berhasil mengungkap kandungan percobaan STKIP Bima pada bulan Meret unsur haranya, selain itu telah dicoba pada 2018 sampai selesai. beberapa tanaman sepert karet dan cabai Alat dan bahan keriting, sedangkan untuk kacang panjang Peralatan yang dibutuhkan untuk masih sangat minim, sehingga dalam pembuatan kompos yakni pisau, kotak, penelitian menggunakan Kacang panjang tutup kotak, alat penyiram, dan cangkul. sebagai salah satu tanaman yang paling Alat untuk pengambilan tanah yakni banyak di konsumsi di indonesia, dengan cangkul, sekop, dan karung. Untuk kulit kopi asli daerah Bima. pengamatan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu Tingginya konsumsi dan menurunya alat penyiram, timbangan, dan pisau. produksi Kacang panjang menjadi masalah Bahan- bahan yang digunakan adalah tanah, tersendiri, Menurut Kementerian Pertanian timbangan dan Bibit kacang panjang, (2013), peningkatan luas panen dari tahun limbah kulit kopi, dedak, bakteri EM-4 dan 2012 hingga 2013 dari 75,739 ha menjadi cairan molase. 76,209 ha tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan Pembuatan Kompos produksi kacang panjang pada tahun Menurut Wijayanti (2014) tahap tersebut yaitu menurun 455,562 ton menjadi pembuatan kompos dimulai dari 450,859 ton. Selain permasalahan pengeringan kulit buah dan dicacah menjadi penurunan produksi Kacang panjang juga ukuran yang lebih kecil antara 0,5-1 cm juga maraknya penggunaan pupuk kimia untuk memudahkan proses dekomposisi sintetis secara terus menerus dalam usaha (Berlian et al 2015) kemudian penyiapan pertanian (Zulputra dan Hidayat, 2018). bahan yang berupa EM4 (sebagai starter), Kemudian banyaknya limbah kulit kopi molase (sebagai penambah makanan untuk yang tidak terpakai, memberikan dampak organisme pendekomposisi). Molase dibuat negatif akibat rasio C/N bahan yang tinggi dengan perbandingan 2:1 dengan EM4. © 2019 Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya | 72 Hartati, Nikman Azmin, Andang dan Muhammad Eka Hidayatullah Kulit kopi yang sudah digrinding dan HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN dicampur dengan dedak dan molase secara Taksonomi Kacang Panjang (Vigna merata serta EM4 sebanyak 1 ml tiap 1 kg sinensis L.) Organisme seluler bahan. Selanjutnya tumpukan dibalik-balik Super Kingdom : Eukaryota setiap 3 hari sekali agar bahan tercampur Kingdom : Viridiplantae dengan merata. Tanah yang diambil dari Filum : Streptophyta lahan dikeringanginkan, ditumbuk dan Sub Filum : Streptophytina disaring hingga lolos ayakan 2 mm. Tanah Devisi : Magnoliophyta dicampur kompos kulit kopi sesuai Klas : Magnoliopsida perlakuan dan dimasukkan dalam polibag Ordo : Fabales Famili : Fabaceae untuk pengamatan tanaman (Valentiah et al Sub Famili : Papilionoideae 2015) Suku : Phaseoleae Rancangan Pecobaan Genus : Vigna Rancangan yang digunakan dalam Spesies : Vigna unguiculate penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak Nama Saintifik : Vigna unguiculata lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 perlakuan sebagai subsp. unguiculata (Grup Unguiculata ) kontrol (A0) dan 4 macam perlakuan yaitu (Grup Unguiculata ) Sinonim heterotip : Vigna sinensis L. A1 (Kompos limbah kulit kopi 300 gram Referensi : NCBI Taxonomy ID: 3920 1kg tanah), A2 (Kompos limbah kulit kopi 400 gram :1 kg tanah), A3 (Kompos limbah Taksonomi Kopi (Coffea) kulit kopi 500 gram :1 kg tanah), dan A4 Organisme seluler (Kompos limbah kulit kopi 600 gram :1 kg Super Kingdom : Eukaryota tanah). Masing-masing perlakuan dibuat 4 Kingdom : Viridiplantae kali ulangan sehingga akan diperoleh 16 pot Filum : Streptophyta Sub Filum : Streptophytina percobaan (Valentiah et al 2015). Devisi : Magnoliophyta Sedangkan indikator pengamatan adalah Klas : Magnoliopsida pada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun Ordo : Gentianales (Azmin et al 2015) Pengamatan dilakukan Famili : Rubiaceae setelah tanaman Vigna sinensis L. mencapai Sub Famili : Ixoroideae umur 2 minggu, 4 minggu, dan 6 minggu. Suku : Coffeeae Analisis Data Genus : Coffea L. Spesies : Coffea arabica L., Analisa data dalam penelitian ini yaitu Coffea benghalensis Heyne ex Schult., menggunakan SPSS dengan melakukan uji Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). ANOVA Coffea congensis, Coffea liberica W. Bull merupakan metode pengujian untuk ex Hiern. dan Coffea stenophylla G. Don memeriksa hubungan antara dua atau lebih Nama Saintifik : Coffea L. Sinonim set data. Dengan kata lain ada hubungan heterotip :Psilanthus antara set data dengan melakukan analisis Referensi : NCBI Taxonomy ID: 13442 dan www.plants.usda.gov varians (Fajrin et al 2016). Melalui analisa varian ini akan ditemukan hasil uji F-nya beda nyata atau tidak. © 2019 Florea : Jurnal Biologi dan Pembelajarannya | 73 Hartati, Nikman Azmin, Andang dan Muhammad Eka Hidayatullah Pertumbuhan Vigna sinensis L. Setelah hasil yang sama saat pengukuran pada umur Diberi Pupuk Kompos Limbah Kulit 2 minggu, 4 minggu, dan 6 minggu, Kopi sehingga hasil pengamatan dapat rata- Menurut Azmin et
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