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Class 5 Haida Davidson Potlatch, Massett BC, 2016 Importance of song, dance to NWC culture Today Next Tuesday’s visit to the Canadian Museum of History Haida Art The Great Box Project Haida Gwaii: Graham Island & Moresby Island Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve, Skidegate, Masset, Rose Point (NE corner) Formline elements in Northern NWC art Taken from Hilary Stewart’s book, Looking at Northwest Coast Indian Art, 1979 Thunderbird Ovoids Tension – top edge is sprung upwards as though from pressure, lower edge bulges up caused by downward & inward pull of 2 lower corners. Shape varies. Used as head of creature or human, eye socket, major joints, wing shape, tail, fluke or fin. Small ovoids: for faces, ears, to fill empty spaces & corners. U-forms & S-forms Large U-forms used as: body of bird or animal and feathers Small: fill in open spaces. Kwakwaka’wakw use for small feathers S-forms: part of leg or arm or outline or ribcage Split U-forms Bill Reid, Haida Dogfish See: Strong form line, U forms, split U forms, ovoids compressed into circles Also crescents, teeth, tri-negs… Diverse eyes with eyelids Both eyeball and eyelid are usually placed within an ovoid representing the socket From top to bottom: nose variations, animal ears, eyebrows, tongues, protruding tongues Frontal and profile faces, hands Nose – usually broad & flaring. Ears – U form on top sides of head (humans – no ears). Hands – graceful, stemming from ovoid. Also a symbol for hand-crafted. Claws, legs, feet, arms Hands, flippers & claws usually substantial but arms & legs are often minimal and difficult to locate. Frequently red. Bird feathers, Tails and Wings Diverse styles. Large feathers = elongated U forms with split U forms inside. Breast feathers = series of small U forms. Bird wings often have an ovoid. Bird tails = feathers extending from an ovoid (& face). Robert Davidson, Killer Whale Head and blowhole, with dorsal fin above & pectoral fin below. Tony Hunt, Bear with Whale Kwakwaka’akw. Family crest figure. Note ears, nose and teeth. Jerry Marks, Wolf Haida. Important family crest. If it has fins, it’s a Sea Wolf or “Wasgo” Good hunter Beaver Important Haida crest for ceremonial regalia, bracelets and button blankets. Often a human face, rounded nostrils & ears, teeth not pointed, paws like hands Beaver Note crosshatched tail Frog Characteristic claws Humming bird Moons by: Tony Hunt (Kwak), Frank Charlie (NUU), Robtert Davidson (Haida) Davidson’s crescent moon with profile of man’s face, his hand forming his mouth Eagle One of two main Haida crests inherited by many Haida. (Other = Raven) Beak – shorter than Raven, top edge is straight, tongue evident. Ears U form. Eagle down symbol of peace, friendship. Feathers=rituals, masks. Thunderbird Crest owned by only the most powerful & prestigious of chiefs. Many legends of this supernatural whale-eating bird. Thunderbird Ton Hunt, Raven Most important of all creatures to NWC people: The Transformer, Trickster, the Big Man who created the world, put the sun & moon in the sky, fish in the sea, food onto the land and maneuvred the tides, gave fire & water, and peopled the earth. Raven Chief’s Raven Rattle Renown Haida Artists Charles Edenshaw Bill Reid Robert Davidson James Hart Charles Edenshaw (1839-1920) • Haida name – Daxhiigang • Eagle clan, lived in Skidegate, baptised 1884 • Survived smallpox, missionaries, Res. schools • Married Isabella Yahgulanaas of Klukwan AK Edenshaw con’t • Teacher – Uncle Albert Edward Edenshaw • Wood, argillite, jewelry & painting • Consultant to Boas & Swanton (anthropologists) • His crests: Sculpin (fish), Beaver and Frog • Bought by collectors, museums • 2014 solo exhibit, VAG & NGC Charles Edenshaw, Haida Isabella Edenshaw Hat woven by Isabella, painted by Charles Edenshaw See texture of weaving with diagonal lines Owl design. Top has 4 pointed star, his signature NGC Chief’s Seat Dogfish & Grizzlie crests. Charles made this for Isabella 114 x 188 x 72 cm. NMAI, NY Edenshaw, Bentwood Box Late 19C. 15.5x142x58 cm. CMH. “The style of the beaver design, the proportions of the ovoids, and the treatment of the claws, resemble the frog on the Chief's Settee, suggesting a similar date for both.” Catalogue. Edenshaw (attr.), Frog Bracelet c. 1899. gold. McMichael Canadian Art coll. On loan to NGC Bill Reid (1920-1998) Sculptor, activist, environmentalist • b. Victoria • Mother Haida, father American, Scottish/German • Edenshaw his great great uncle • CBC Radio announcer Toronto; jewelry making at Ryerson • Haida teacher – maternal grandfather Reid con’t • 1951 Granville Island studio, Vancouver • 1954 he saw Edenshaw works in Haida Gwaii • His most famous works: 3 large sculptures – Chief of Undersea World (Killer Whale) – Mythic Messengers – Spirit of Haida Gwaii (Black Canoe) Bill Reid, Chief of the Undersea World, 1983 Breaching killer whale at Vancouver aquarium 15 X 5 x 5 ft. CMH Bill Reid, Mythic Messengers, 19885 Duplicate CMH Bill Reid, Mythic Messengers 1985 Canadian Museum of History Over entrance to cafeteria Bill Reid, Raven and the First Men, 1983 MOA 1.9 x 1.9 m Raven spotted the creatures crawling out of a clam shell when he was flying along the beach at Rose Point in HG Bill Reid, Spirit of Haida Gwaii, 1991 Bronze - Entrance to the Canadian Embassy, Washington DC Jade – Vancouver International Airport White model in the Grand Hall, CMH 3.89 x 3.48 x 6 meters Bill Reid, Mouse Woman (Spirit of Haida Gwaii) Raven’s grandmother, crouched under Raven’s tail She’s also Tlingit, Tsimshian and Kwakwa’akw & related to Spiderwoman of the Hopi Bill Reid, Killer Whale brooch Gold & abalone Robert Davidson b. 1946 "IT HAS BEEN THE ART THAT HAS BROUGHT US BACK TO OUR ROOTS. I AM PROUD TO BE ONE OF THOSE PEOPLE CHOSEN TO PUT THE PUZZLE BACK TOGETHER AGAIN AND MOVE ON." - Robert Davidson, Guud sans glans - "Eagle Of The Dawn" Robert Davidson carving first totem pole in Haida Gwaii since 1884 1969 1969 Davidson Pole, Masset Davidson, Every Year the Salmon Come Back, 1983 Robert Davidson, Ravenous, 2011 Robert Davidson Davidson, Canoe Breaker, 2010 Eagle Transforming Itself Robert Davidson, Reflections, 1977 Originally a card, exploring positive and negative space. Preparation for later series in aluminum sculpture Davidson, Supernatural Eye, 2007 Approx. 8’ Carved aluminum National Gallery of Canada Davidson-Williams Wedding Davidson Potlatch, Massett BC, 2016 Importance of song, dance to creating NWC art Robert Davidson in his Chief’s regalia Raven Bringing Light to the World 1 metre diameter. Gilded bronze. Commissioned for the opening of the Grand Hall, CMH Hereditary Haida Chief James Hart • b. Massett 1952, 7idansuu • Great grandson of Charles Edenshaw • No residential school (European father) • Grew up with grandparents, fisher • Apprenticed with Davidson • Assisted Bill Reid with Raven & First Men and Spirit of Haida Gwaii James Hart Raven’s tail Regalia 2017 National Gallery of Canada, Canadian & Indigenous Art Ravenstail weaving is ancient and only recently revived By Lisa Yahgulanaas, Haida decendant of Isobelle Edenshaw James Hart with Three Watchmen, 2010 Watching the National Gallery, Parliament & the U.S. Embassy Gift of Michael Audain 15 x 5 x 5 ft. 360 degrees James Hart, Three Watchmen, 2010 James Hart, Reconciliation Pole, 2017 UBC campus Before, during and after Residential Schools (The last school closed in 1996) James Hart with Reconciliation Pole at UBC, 2017 Jaalen Edenshaw carving Reconciliation Pole in Massett, Haida Gwaii, 2016 Reconciliation Pole at the MOA, 2016 James Hart, Residential School detail of Reconciliation Pole Exactly 6,800 copper nails commemorating the children who died at residential schools Reconciliation Pole top section Showing children (carved by Indigenous artists from across Canada), Eagle, chilkat detail, 2 boats – European and NWC, Thunderbird Reconciliation Pole chilkat detail James Hart, Reconciliation Pole, UBC, 2016 55’ red cedar 360 degrees James Hart dancing the Reconciliation Pole, 2017 Raven’s Tail weave regalia on display at the National Gallery Holding his carving chisel (may have been Charles Edenshaw’s) Headdress: beaver frontlet, ermine, walrus whiskers James Hart, Reconciliation Pole Raising, April 2017 Voice of the caller giving instructions to teams of people pulling the pole up with ropes UBC Campus, Mall near Forestry Building Brothers Jaalen & Gwaai Edenshaw Jaalen Endenshaw Haida carver • Born Masset 1980, father Guujaaw • Ts’aahl Eagle clan • Left at 16 for high school • 2003 BA Political Science, University of Victoria • Honored as Laureate artist, Hnatyshyn Fdn. • Prints and MonuMental artworks Gwaai Edenshaw • Born 1977 Eagle clan Hluugiitgaa • Trained by Bill Reid • Creates with gold, silver, wood, bone • First totem pole at 18, 40 ft. with father, Guujaaw (drummer, carver & political leader) • 2002 assisted with graphic novel by M. Nicolls, Tale of Two Shamans Gwaai & Jaalen Edenshaw both • 2011 Two Brothers Pole, Jasper 50’ • 2013 Legacy Pole, Windy Bay, HG • 2014 The Great Box Project (see video) • 2017 Reconciliation Pole with James Hart • 2018 Film at TIFF & VFF: Edge of the Knife A Haida story with Haida actors in Haida language, filmed at historic site near Massett Jaalen & Gwaai Edenshaw, Two Brothers Pole Jasper AB The Great Box Project Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford Museum opened in 1844 with 22,000 objects collected from around the world By Augustus Pitt Rivers, an officer in the British army, an ethnographer and an archeologist. Augustus Pitt Rivers (1827-1900) Ethnographer and Archeologist Pitt Rivers Museum, Oxford • In 2009 the PRM invited 23 Haida (including Jaalen and Gwaai) to see its complete collection of Haida objects • J & G identified a Haida masterpiece carved box and proposed that they create a copy of it for learning and teaching purposes The Great Box, 19C Haida • Back in Masset, they had an enormous plank from an old growth red cedar. They used it to create a blank bent box which they sent to Oxford The Great Box Project • In the first video (from the Pitt Rivers website), Jaalen & Gwaai are working with their father Guujaaw • We see them with a large plank which they’ve scored in 3 places where the corners of the box will be.
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