DOCSLIB.ORG

Political Parties and Intra-Party Democracy in East Africa

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Political Parties and Intra-Party Democracy in East Africa POLITICAL PARTIES AND INTRA-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN EAST AFRICA From Representative to Participatory Democracy Josh Maiyo August 2008 Thesis: Supervisors: Master of Philosophy in African studies Prof. Dr. Jan Abbink Africa Studies Centre Dr. Marcel Rutten Leiden University Acknowledgements This research could not have been possible without the assistance and facilitation of several organisations and individuals. I would like to extend my gratitude to the Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy (NIMD) and the Leiden University Fund (LUF) for logistical and financial support for the research project. I am especially indebted to Karijn de Jong, NIMD‟s Senior Policy Officer for Africa, for her support and persistence for timely and quality results. I would also like to appreciate the role of NIMD‟s partner organisations, the Centre for Multiparty Democracy in Kenya (CMD) and Tanzania Centre for Democracy (TCD) for facilitating contacts with political parties in the field. The questionnaire used in the research was also availed courtesy of the NIMD for which I am grateful. My gratitude goes to my research assistants Helen James of the Research and Education for Democracy in Tanzania (REDET) programme at the University of Dar es Salaam and Susan Amooti in Kampala for their tirelessness in orienting me to an unfamiliar research environment. I am also grateful for the assistance of Daniel Loya, the director of the TCD who personally made it possible to navigate the political party environment in Tanzania with ease and to Purity for your unconditional support and giving me a place to call home during the mayhem in Kenya. I would also like to thank all the respondents, politicians, journalists, political party administrators and other specialists who participated in the interviews and responded to the questionnaires. Last but not least, thanks to my colleagues and staff at the Africa Studies Centre, My programme manager Daniela Merolla and my supervisors Prof. Dr. Jan Abbink and Dr. Marcel Rutten for their guidance, comments and support through the research and writing process. Josh Maiyo Amsterdam, August 2008. 2 CONTENTS List of Abbreviations .......................................................................................... 5 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 6 1.1 Statement of research problem ........................................................................ 7 1.2 Research hypothesis, objectives and questions ............................................... 8 1.2.1 Hypothesis ............................................................................................................. 8 1.2.2 Research question ................................................................................................. 9 1.2.3 Research objectives ............................................................................................ 10 1.3 Motivation ...................................................................................................... 10 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................... 13 2.1 Political parties in democratic theory .............................................................. 13 2.1.1 Definitions ............................................................................................................ 13 2.1.2 Political parties and normative utilitarianism ....................................................... 14 2.1.3 Political parties in historical perspective .............................................................. 15 2.1.4 African political parties: From oligarchy to internal democracy ........................... 16 2.2 Intra-party democracy in theoretical perspective ............................................ 19 2.2.1 Definition .............................................................................................................. 19 2.2.2 Intra-party democracy: A case for oligarchy? ...................................................... 19 2.2.3 A case for intra-party democracy ........................................................................ 21 2.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 23 3 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................... 25 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 25 3.2 Case selection ............................................................................................... 25 3.3 Data collection ............................................................................................... 26 3.4 Challenges and shortcomings ........................................................................ 28 3.5 Data analysis ................................................................................................. 29 4 INTRA-PARTY DEMOCRACY IN CONTEXT ............................................. 33 4.1 Political Party Systems in East Africa ............................................................. 33 4.1.1 Historical development ........................................................................................ 33 4.1.2 Contemporary political party systems ................................................................. 36 4.2 Political party systems: Legislation and institutionalisation ............................. 39 4.3 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 43 5 EMPIRICAL FINDINGS: STRUCTURE AND SUBSTANCE ....................... 44 5.1 Institutionalisation: organisational rules and regulatory framework ................. 44 5.2 Founding principles, orientation and ideology ................................................ 49 5.3 Membership ................................................................................................... 53 5.4 Leadership and candidate selection ............................................................... 56 5.4.1 Leadership selection ............................................................................................ 57 5.4.2 Candidate Selection ............................................................................................ 60 5.5 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 63 3 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMENDATIONS .............................................. 64 6.1 Conclusions ................................................................................................... 64 6.2 Policy recommendations ................................................................................ 69 6.3 Recommendations for further research .......................................................... 70 REFERENCES ................................................................................................... 72 APPENDIX ............................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1. List of Interviewees- Uganda ................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. List of Interviewees-Tanzania ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. List of Interviewees-Kenya .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4 List of Abbreviations ASP Afro Shirazi Party CCM Chama Cha Mapinduzi CHADEMA Chama Cha Demokrasia na Maendeleo CP Conservative Party CUF Civic United Front FDC Forum for Democratic Change FORD Forum for the Restoration of Democracy KANU Kenya Africa National Union KADU Kenya Africa Democratic Union LDP Liberal Democratic Party NRM National Resistance Movement NAK National Alliance of Kenya NARC National Rainbow Coalition NCCR-Mageuzi The National Convention for Construction and Reform NEC National Executive Council NEC National Electoral Commission NDC National Delegates Conference NIMD Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy ODM Orange Democratic Movement PNU Party of National Unity TANU Tanzania African National Union TLP Tanzania Labour Party UDP United Democratic Party UPC Uganda Peoples Party 5 1 INTRODUCTION This research seeks to investigate how processes of participatory democracy within political parties influence intra-party democracy in East Africa. The exercise is anchored in the wider literature on democracy and more specifically participatory democracy which can be described as a process that emphasizes the broad participation (in decision making) of citizens in the direction and operation of political systems. Membership participation in political parties occurs through processes such as policy formulation, leadership and candidate selection as well as their role in party organs at all levels of the party structure (Wanjohi 2005). The extent to which this is possible depends largely on both formal and informal institutional structures built into the political party systems. The interaction between these formal and informal processes determines the level of internal democracy within a political party. For the purposes of this research, intra-party democracy (IPD) refers to the extent to which political parties‟ decision making structures and processes provide opportunities for individual citizens to influence the choices that parties offer to voters and eventually to determine the type of government formed (Scarrow 2005). Intra-party democracy is essential for the creation and growth of well functioning and sustainable democratic institutions. Firstly,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences Quota Report Series
    The Implementation of Quotas: African Experiences Quota Report Series Edited by Julie Ballington In Collaboration with This report was compiled from the findings and case studies presented at an International IDEA, EISA and SADC Parliamentary Forum Workshop held on 11–12 November 2004, Pretoria, South Africa. © International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance 2004 This is an International IDEA publication. International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: Information Unit International IDEA SE -103 34 Stockholm Sweden International IDEA encourages dissemination of its work and will promptly respond to requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications. Graphic design by: Magnus Alkmar Cover photos: Anoli Perera, Sri Lanka Printed by: Trydells Tryckeri AB, Sweden ISBN: 91-85391-17-4 Preface The International Institute for Democracy and a global research project on the implementation and Electoral Assistance (IDEA), an intergovernmental use of quotas worldwide in cooperation with the organization with member states across all continents, Department of Political Science, Stockholm University. seeks to support sustainable democracy in both new By comparing the employment of gender quotas in dif- and long-established democracies. Drawing on com- ferent political contexts this project seeks to gauge parative analysis and experience, IDEA works to bolster whether, and under what conditions, quotas can be electoral processes, enhance political equality and par- implemented successfully. It also aims to raise general ticipation and develop democratic institutions and awareness of the use of gender quotas as an instrument practices.
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Imperial World Politics: Race, Class, and Internationalism in the Making of Post-Colonial Order
    P a g e | 1 Anti-imperial World Politics: Race, class, and internationalism in the making of post-colonial order Christopher Patrick Murray London School of Economics and Political Science PhD. International Relations P a g e | 2 I certify that this thesis which I am presenting for examination for the PhD degree in International Relations at the London School of Economics and Political Science is solely my own work. I consider the work submitted to be a complete thesis fit for examination. I authorise that, if a degree is awarded, an electronic copy of my thesis will be deposited in LSE Theses Online (in accordance with the published deposit agreement) held by the British Library of Political and Economic Science and that, except as provided for in regulation 61 it will be made available for public reference. I authorise the School to supply a copy of the abstract of my thesis for inclusion in any published list of theses offered for higher degrees in British universities or in any supplement thereto, or for consultation in any central file of abstracts of such theses. Word count…………………………………….……….. 75, 884 P a g e | 3 ABSTRACT Anti-imperial world politics: Race, class, and internationalism in the making of post-colonial order Christopher Murray, PhD. LSE International Relations Why did many ‘black’ anti-imperial thinkers and leaders articulate projects for colonial freedom based in transnational identities and solidarities? This thesis excavates a discourse of anti-imperial globalism, which helped shape world politics from the early to late 20th century. Although usually reduced to the anticolonial nationalist politics of sovereignty and recognition, this study interprets ‘anti-imperialism globalism from below’ as a transnational counter-discourse, primarily concerned with social justice, social freedom, and equality.
    [Show full text]
  • State of Politics in Tanzania
    LÄNDERBERICHT Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung e.V. TANZANIA RICHARD SHABA July 2007 State of Politics in Tanzania www.kas.de/kenia INTRODUCTION The assessment dwells on the political, eco- nomic and social situation as well on the THERE is a broad consensus that the major actors namely: the ruling and opposi- process of consolidating the transition tion political parties, civil society and the towards participatory political system media, the rise of fundamentalism factor in Tanzania over the past seventeen together with the influence of the external years has achieved remarkable suc- factor in shaping the political process. cess. Whereas once predominantly un- der a single party hegemony, Tanzania THE STATE OF THE ECONOMY AND SO- today is characterized by a plurality of CIAL SERVICES political parties. Though slow; the growth of the independent civil society Ranked 159 th out of 175 countries on the has gained momentum. Human Development Index [HDI] by the United Nations, Tanzania is one of the poor- The country has also witnessed a dramatic est countries in the world. And although transformation of the press. State-owned the economy is growing, it is still very much media outfits that had a virtual monopoly externally oriented with almost 100 percent for decades have now changed their accent of development expenditure externally fi- and become outlets for different voices, not nanced basically by donors. Internal reve- just the ruling party - a major step towards nue collection has not met the objective of promoting democratic practice. This para- collecting at least 18.5 per cent of the GDP digm shift has also helped engender a criti- growth rate.
    [Show full text]
  • African Union Commission
    AFRICAN UNION COMMISSION AFRICAN UNION TECHNICAL ELECTION OBSERVATION MISSION TO THE 20 MARCH 2016 RE-RUN ELECTIONS IN ZANZIBAR, TANZANIA JUNE 2016 AFRICAN UNION TECHNICAL MISSION REPORT:ZANZIBAR 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. BACKGROUND ....................................................................................................... 2 II. PRELIMINARY FINDINGS AND OBSERVATIONS ................................................ 4 (a)The Legal Framework ................................................................................... 4 (b)Election Dispute Resolution .......................................................................... 4 (c)Election Management .................................................................................... 4 (d)Voter Registration .......................................................................................... 5 (e)Demarcation of Boundaries ........................................................................... 5 (f)Political Parties, Candidate Nomination and Campaigns ............................... 5 III. ELECTION DAY OBSERVATIONS ......................................................................... 7 (a)Security .......................................................................................................... 7 (b)Opening the Polls .......................................................................................... 7 (c)Voter Turnout ................................................................................................. 7 (d)Party Agents .................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Turkey's Deep State
    #1.12 PERSPECTIVES Political analysis and commentary from Turkey FEATURE ARTICLES TURKEY’S DEEP STATE CULTURE INTERNATIONAL POLITICS ECOLOGY AKP’s Cultural Policy: Syria: The Case of the Seasonal Agricultural Arts and Censorship “Arab Spring” Workers in Turkey Pelin Başaran Transforming into the Sidar Çınar Page 28 “Arab Revolution” Page 32 Cengiz Çandar Page 35 TURKEY REPRESENTATION Content Editor’s note 3 ■ Feature articles: Turkey’s Deep State Tracing the Deep State, Ayşegül Sabuktay 4 The Deep State: Forms of Domination, Informal Institutions and Democracy, Mehtap Söyler 8 Ergenekon as an Illusion of Democratization, Ahmet Şık 12 Democratization, revanchism, or..., Aydın Engin 16 The Near Future of Turkey on the Axis of the AKP-Gülen Movement, Ruşen Çakır 18 Counter-Guerilla Becoming the State, the State Becoming the Counter-Guerilla, Ertuğrul Mavioğlu 22 Is the Ergenekon Case an Opportunity or a Handicap? Ali Koç 25 The Dink Murder and State Lies, Nedim Şener 28 ■ Culture Freedom of Expression in the Arts and the Current State of Censorship in Turkey, Pelin Başaran 31 ■ Ecology Solar Energy in Turkey: Challenges and Expectations, Ateş Uğurel 33 A Brief Evaluation of Seasonal Agricultural Workers in Turkey, Sidar Çınar 35 ■ International Politics Syria: The Case of the “Arab Spring” Transforming into the “Arab Revolution”, Cengiz Çandar 38 Turkey/Iran: A Critical Move in the Historical Competition, Mete Çubukçu 41 ■ Democracy 4+4+4: Turning the Education System Upside Down, Aytuğ Şaşmaz 43 “Health Transformation Program” and the 2012 Turkey Health Panorama, Mustafa Sütlaş 46 How Multi-Faceted are the Problems of Freedom of Opinion and Expression in Turkey?, Şanar Yurdatapan 48 Crimes against Humanity and Persistent Resistance against Cruel Policies, Nimet Tanrıkulu 49 ■ News from hbs 53 Heinrich Böll Stiftung – Turkey Representation The Heinrich Böll Stiftung, associated with the German Green Party, is a legally autonomous and intellectually open political foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Organisation of People Who Are Homeless: Reflections of a Sympathetic Sceptic
    Part C _ Think Pieces 289 The Political Organisation of People who are Homeless: Reflections of a Sympathetic Sceptic Mike Allen Focus Ireland, Dublin, Republic of Ireland Introduction Any exploration of how poverty and social exclusion might be eradicated, and conversely of how they persist, must come to terms with the question of how people who are themselves poor are to contribute to that eradication. This contribution can be divided into two main themes : the framing of the sorts of solutions that are required and the political momentum that is necessary to put these into action. People coming from a wide range of political and conceptual positions see social movements of the poor (or representative organisations comprising the poor) capable of achieving both these objectives as the ideal manner in which poverty will be eliminated. Organisations that oppose poverty but do not involve participa- tion of the poor at their core are open to the criticism of contributing to deeper impoverishment, not only through proposing the ‘wrong’ solutions, but also by disempowering those who experience poverty. They run the risk of being charac- terised as part of the problem rather than part of the solution. Experience, however, shows that the poor are unlikely to organise around their interests in any persistent manner, and when they do come together in short-term alliances, the goals they seek to achieve are frequently short term and rarely address the underlying causes of their exclusion (Piven and Cloward, 1979). The conditions which we understand to comprise poverty – lack of resources, social isolation and powerlessness – are deprivations of the very requirements of successful organisation and of long-term thinking.
    [Show full text]
  • The Functioning of Democratic Institutions in Turkey
    http://assembly.coe.int Doc. 15272 21 April 2021 The functioning of democratic institutions in Turkey Report1 Committee on the Honouring of Obligations and Commitments by Member States of the Council of Europe (Monitoring Committee) Co-rapporteurs: Mr Thomas HAMMARBERG, Sweden, Socialists, Democrats and Greens Group, and Mr John HOWELL, United Kingdom, European Conservatives Group and Democratic Alliance Summary The Monitoring Committee is deeply concerned about recent developments in Turkey which have further undermined democracy, the rule of law and human rights. Procedures seeking to lift the parliamentary immunity of a third of the parliamentarians (overwhelmingly from opposition parties), the attempt to close the Peoples' Democratic Party (HDP) and the continued crackdown on its members put political pluralism and the functioning of democratic institutions at risk. The presidential decision of 20 March 2021 to withdraw from the Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (CETS No.210, the Istanbul Convention) to combat violence against women and domestic violence is a regrettable step backwards, made without any parliamentary debate, which raises the question of the modalities of denunciation of conventions in democratic societies. The committee also urges the immediate release of Selahattin Demirtaş and Osman Kavala following the final judgments of the European Court of Human Rights. In order to reverse these worrying trends, the Turkish authorities should seize the opportunity of implementing the Human Rights Action Plan and revising the legislation on elections and political parties to take meaningful steps, put an end to the judicial harassment of opposition and dissenting voices, improve freedom of expression and media and restore the independence of the judiciary, in co-operation with the Council of Europe 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Kurden in Europa: Ethnizität Und Diaspora Kapitel 8: Konkurrenzkategorie Religion*
    www.yeziden-colloquium.de Kurden in Europa: Ethnizität und Diaspora Kapitel 8: Konkurrenzkategorie Religion* Birgit Ammann Die meisten Kurden gehören der sunnitischen Ausprägung des Islam, genauer bezeichnet der schafiitischen Rechtsschule,283 an (Antes 1997: 54; Werle & Kreile 1987: 34, 37), während Türken und Araber meistens der hanafitischen Schule angehören (Ibrahim 1998: 105; Hütteroth 1959: 277). In der iranischen Provinz Kermanshah, im irakischen Khana- qin sowie um die Städte Erbil und Kirkuk gibt es schiitische Kurden (Kreyenbroek 1996: 99). Wie sich im Laufe dieser Arbeit noch zeigen wird, spielt in kurdischen Zusammenhängen die, wenngleich minoritäre, Religionsgemeinschaft der Yeziden eine wichtige Rolle. Bei einem erheblichen Teil der in der Türkei lebenden Kurden handelt es sich um Aleviten, auf die ebenfalls noch detailliert eingegangen wird. Bis in die fünfziger Jahre des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts lebte unter den Kurden eine Min- derheit von Juden, die sich in ihrem religiösen Leben und ihrer Sprache, dem Aramäi- schen, von ihrer Umgebung unterschieden (Brauer 1993; Ammann. 1991a). Ähnliches gilt für verschiedene christliche Gruppen, die bis heute mit Kurden zusammenleben und sich jeweils als eigene Ethnien betrachten.284 Außerdem gibt es unter den Kurden Anhänger islamischer Orden wie die Naqshabandi und die Qadhi sowie Sekten wie die der Ahl-i Haqq und andere.285 Insgesamt hatten solche Gruppen in den kurdischen Gebieten immer besonderen Einfluß, in der Migration spielen sie, wie auch schiitische Kurden, kaum eine Rolle. Traditionell definieren sich viele Gruppen primär über ihre Religionszugehörigkeit. Reli- giöse Lehren schließen ethnische Definitionen teil- [255] weise sogar völlig aus. Der is- lamische Begriff der umma, der Gemeinschaft aller Gläubigen, geht beispielsweise in die- se Richtung.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey's
    Two Routes to an Impasse: Understanding Turkey’s Kurdish Policy Ayşegül Aydin Cem Emrence turkey project policy paper Number 10 • December 2016 policy paper Number 10, December 2016 About CUSE The Center on the United States and Europe (CUSE) at Brookings fosters high-level U.S.-Europe- an dialogue on the changes in Europe and the global challenges that affect transatlantic relations. As an integral part of the Foreign Policy Studies Program, the Center offers independent research and recommendations for U.S. and European officials and policymakers, and it convenes seminars and public forums on policy-relevant issues. CUSE’s research program focuses on the transforma- tion of the European Union (EU); strategies for engaging the countries and regions beyond the frontiers of the EU including the Balkans, Caucasus, Russia, Turkey, and Ukraine; and broader European security issues such as the future of NATO and forging common strategies on energy security. The Center also houses specific programs on France, Germany, Italy, and Turkey. About the Turkey Project Given Turkey’s geopolitical, historical and cultural significance, and the high stakes posed by the foreign policy and domestic issues it faces, Brookings launched the Turkey Project in 2004 to foster informed public consideration, high‐level private debate, and policy recommendations focusing on developments in Turkey. In this context, Brookings has collaborated with the Turkish Industry and Business Association (TUSIAD) to institute a U.S.-Turkey Forum at Brookings. The Forum organizes events in the form of conferences, sem- inars and workshops to discuss topics of relevance to U.S.-Turkish and transatlantic relations.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Book
    Challenges to Democracy Political Studies Association Yearbook Series Titles include: Keith Dowding, James Hughes and Helen Margetts (editors) CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRACY Ideas, Involvement and Institutions Chris Pierson and Simon Tormey (editors) POLITICS AT THE EDGE The PSA Yearbook 1999 Political Studies Association Yearbook Series Standing Order ISBN 978-0-333-91373-4 (outside North America only) You can receive future titles in this series as they are published by placing a standing order. Please contact your bookseller or, in case of difficulty, write to us at the address below with your name and address, the title of the series and the ISBN quoted above. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS, England Challenges to Democracy Ideas, Involvement and Institutions The PSA Yearbook 2000 Edited by Keith Dowding Professor of Political Science London School of Economics James Hughes Senior Lecturer in Comparative Economics London School of Economics and Helen Margetts Professor of Political Science Director, School of Public Policy University College London in association with Political Studies Association © Political Studies Association 2001 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2001 978-0-333-78982-7 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparing Across Regions: Parties and Political Systems in Indonesia and the Pacific Islands1
    centre for democratic institutions www.cdi.anu.edu.au CDI Policy Papers on Political Governance Comparing Across Regions: Parties and Political Systems in Indonesia and the Pacific Islands1 Jon Fraenkel & Edward Aspinall Abstract In contrast to Indonesia, politics in the Pacific Islands seems at first sight more parochial, more fluid and less party‐centred. Yet although party systems play a much more robust role at the national level in Indonesia, at the local level, Indonesian politics bears some similarity to those in the Pacific, especially in Melanesia. This paper seeks out patterns of similarity 2013/02 and difference in political competition in Indonesia and the Pacific Islands. We survey five major factors shaping the nature of the party systems in the PPS two regions: 1) broad context (size, geography and economic prosperity); 2) the role of electoral systems and the rules governing parties; 3) ethnic and CDI religious identities; 4) ideological issues or their absence; and 5) how patronage shapes political allegiances. Despite obvious differences, we find some similar patterns of loose and fluid political party allegiances at the local level. How do we begin to compare the political party systems of Indonesia and those of the Pacific Island states? At first glance, the differences appear immense. Indonesia is a single country, with (barring a few exceptions in special regions) a unified set of rules governing political parties, elections and parties. Its party system is relatively robust, with a moderate number of effective parties and considerable continuity between electoral cycles. Some of the major parties have 1 Access this CDI Policy Paper online @www.cdi.anu.edu.au In Comparing Across Regions: Parties and Political Systems in Indonesia and the Pacific Islandsxx 2 organisational histories that stretch back four decades or more, to the early period of authoritarian rule; a few can trace their roots, albeit less directly, back to the early and mid‐twentieth century, to the era of anti‐colonial politics and the early years after independence in 1945.
    [Show full text]
  • Democracy in Africa 00 Sarsar Adekunle Final 2/22/12 9:08 AM Page Ii
    00 sarsar adekunle final 2/22/12 9:08 AM Page i Democracy in Africa 00 sarsar adekunle final 2/22/12 9:08 AM Page ii Carolina Academic Press African World Series Toyin Falola, Series Editor Africa, Empire and Globalization: Essays in Honor of A. G. Hopkins Toyin Falola, editor, and Emily Brownell, editor African Entrepreneurship in Jos, Central Nigeria, 1902 –1985 S.U. Fwatshak An African Music and Dance Curriculum Model: Performing Arts in Education Modesto Amegago Authority Stealing: Anti-Corruption War and Democratic Politics in Post-Military Nigeria Wale Adebanwi The Bukusu of Kenya: Folktales, Culture and Social Identities Namulundah Florence Contemporary African Literature: New Approaches Tanure Ojaide Contesting Islam in Africa: Homegrown Wahhabism and Muslim Identity in Northern Ghana, 1920 –2010 Abdulai Iddrisu Democracy in Africa: Political Changes and Challenges Saliba Sarsar, editor, and Julius O. Adekunle, editor 00 sarsar adekunle final 2/22/12 9:08 AM Page iii Diaspora and Imagined Nationality: USA-Africa Dialogue and Cyberframing Nigerian Nationhood Koleade Odutola Food Crop Production, Hunger, and Rural Poverty in Nigeria’s Benue Area, 1920 –1995 Mike Odugbo Odey Globalization: The Politics of Global Economic Relations and International Business N. Oluwafemi Mimiko In Search of African Diasporas: Testimonies and Encounters Paul Tiyambe Zeleza Intercourse and Crosscurrents in the Atlantic World: Calabar-British Experience, 17th –20th Centuries David Lishilinimle Imbua Pioneer, Patriot, and Nigerian Nationalist: A Biography
    [Show full text]