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Global Meta‐
Received: 28 March 2018 | Revised: 3 November 2018 | Accepted: 5 November 2018 DOI: 10.1111/geb.12877 META‐ANALYSIS Global meta‐analysis of soil‐disturbing vertebrates reveals strong effects on ecosystem patterns and processes Max Mallen‐Cooper1,2 | Shinichi Nakagawa2 | David J. Eldridge1,2 1Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Abstract Sciences, University of New South Wales, Aim: Organisms that disturb the soil while foraging or creating shelter (ecosystem Sydney, New South Wales, Australia engineers) can have profound effects on ecosystems. Soil ejecta from these distur- 2Ecology and Evolution Research Centre, School of Biological, Earth and bances can enhance surface nutrients and the resulting depressions accrue organic Environmental Sciences, University of New matter and develop into biological hotspots. Here, we describe a global meta‐analysis South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia of studies that assessed the impacts of vertebrate soil disturbance on both biotic and abiotic components of ecosystems. Correspondence Max Mallen‐Cooper, Centre for Ecosystem Location: Global land surface. Science, School of Biological, Earth and Time period: 1941–2016. Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Major taxa studied: Vertebrates. 2052, Australia. Methods: After conducting a systematic literature search, we quantitatively synthe- Email: m.mallen‐[email protected] sized the findings of 149 published studies that compared disturbed and undisturbed Funding information surfaces. Our meta‐analysis included 64 engineer species, primarily comprised of ro- Australian Research Council, Grant/Award Number: FT130100268 dents and a subset of other mammals. Results: We found that vertebrate soil disturbance significantly enhanced soil nitro- Editor: Sally Keith gen (by 77%) and phosphorus (35%), and the productivity (32%) and recruitment (32%) of vascular plants. -
Afrotherian Conservation – Number 16
AFROTHERIAN CONSERVATION Newsletter of the IUCN/SSC Afrotheria Specialist Group Number 16 Edited by PJ Stephenson September 2020 Afrotherian Conservation is published annually by the measure the effectiveness of SSC’s actions on biodiversity IUCN Species Survival Commission Afrotheria Specialist conservation, identification of major new initiatives Group to promote the exchange of news and information needed to address critical conservation issues, on the conservation of, and applied research into, consultations on developing policies, guidelines and aardvarks, golden moles, hyraxes, otter shrews, sengis and standards, and increasing visibility and public awareness of tenrecs. the work of SSC, its network and key partners. Remarkably, 2020 marks the end of the current IUCN Published by IUCN, Gland, Switzerland. quadrennium, which means we will be dissolving the © 2020 International Union for Conservation of Nature membership once again in early 2021, then reassembling it and Natural Resources based on feedback from our members. I will be in touch ISSN: 1664-6754 with all members at the relevant time to find out who wishes to remain a member and whether there are any Find out more about the Group people you feel should be added to our group. No one is on our website at http://afrotheria.net/ASG.html automatically re-admitted, however, so you will all need to and on Twitter @Tweeting_Tenrec actively inform me of your wishes. We will very likely need to reassess the conservation status of all our species during the next quadrennium, so get ready for another round of Red Listing starting Message from the Chair sometime in the not too distant future. -
Late Eocene Potamogalidae and Tenrecidae (Mammalia) from the Sperrgebiet, Namibia
Late Eocene Potamogalidae and Tenrecidae (Mammalia) from the Sperrgebiet, Namibia Martin Pickford Sorbonne Universités (CR2P, UMR 7207 du CNRS, Département Histoire de la Terre, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle et Université Pierre et Marie Curie) case postale 38, 57 rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris. e-mail: < [email protected] > Abstract : The Late Eocene (Bartonian) Eocliff Limestone has yielded a rich, diverse and well- preserved micromammalian fauna which includes three tenrecoids, a chrysochlorid, several macroscelidids and at least eight taxa of rodents. The available cranio-dental and post-cranial elements reveal that the three tenrecoid species are closely related to potamogalids (one taxon) and to tenrecids (two taxa). The dichotomy between these two families probably occurred a long time before deposition of the Eocliff carbonate, possibly during the Palaeocene or even as early as the Late Cretaceous. The dentitions of the Eocliff potamogalid and tenrecids exhibit primitive versions of protozalambdodonty, in which the upper molars have clear metacones. Three new genera and species are described. Key Words : Potamogalidae, Tenrecidae, Zalambdodonty, Late Eocene, Namibia, Evolution To cite this paper: Pickford, M., 2015. Late Eocene Potamogalidae and Tenrecidae (Mammalia) from the Sperrgebiet, Namibia. Co mmunications of the Geological Survey of Namibia , 16, 114-152. Submitted in 2015. Introduction the suborder Tenrecoidea is not well represented in North Africa. The Late Eocene The discovery of Bartonian vertebrates Namibian fossils thus help to fill extensive in the Sperrgebiet, Namibia, is of major chronological and geographic gaps in the significance for throwing light on the evolution history and distribution of zalambdodont of African Palaeogene mammals, especially mammals in Africa, although the geographic that of rodents, tenrecoids and chrysochlorids position of the deposits from which they were (Pickford et al. -
Terrestrial Ecological Assessment for the Expansion of the Pollution Control Dams Associated with the Continuous Disposal of Ash at the Majuba Power Station
Terrestrial Ecological Assessment for the Expansion of the Pollution Control Dams associated with the Continuous Disposal of Ash at the Majuba Power Station, Mpumalanga Province May 2019 for DRAFT Advisian Worley Parsons Marinda le Roux [email protected] Cell: 0614174281 PREPARED BY Enviro-Insight CC Luke Verburgt (Pr. Sci. Nat.) - [email protected] Corné Niemandt (Pr. Sci. Nat.) - [email protected] 69 , TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Project Details and Background ................................................................................................................................. 5 1.2 Study area .................................................................................................................................................................. 5 1.3 Study Limitations ........................................................................................................................................................ 5 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Desktop Survey .......................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1.1 Flora Assessment .................................................................................................................................................. -
Chapter 15 the Mammals of Angola
Chapter 15 The Mammals of Angola Pedro Beja, Pedro Vaz Pinto, Luís Veríssimo, Elena Bersacola, Ezequiel Fabiano, Jorge M. Palmeirim, Ara Monadjem, Pedro Monterroso, Magdalena S. Svensson, and Peter John Taylor Abstract Scientific investigations on the mammals of Angola started over 150 years ago, but information remains scarce and scattered, with only one recent published account. Here we provide a synthesis of the mammals of Angola based on a thorough survey of primary and grey literature, as well as recent unpublished records. We present a short history of mammal research, and provide brief information on each species known to occur in the country. Particular attention is given to endemic and near endemic species. We also provide a zoogeographic outline and information on the conservation of Angolan mammals. We found confirmed records for 291 native species, most of which from the orders Rodentia (85), Chiroptera (73), Carnivora (39), and Cetartiodactyla (33). There is a large number of endemic and near endemic species, most of which are rodents or bats. The large diversity of species is favoured by the wide P. Beja (*) CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Portugal CEABN-InBio, Centro de Ecologia Aplicada “Professor Baeta Neves”, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] P. Vaz Pinto Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola CIBIO-InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal e-mail: [email protected] L. Veríssimo Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola e-mail: [email protected] E. -
Zimbabwe Zambia Malawi Species Checklist Africa Vegetation Map
ZIMBABWE ZAMBIA MALAWI SPECIES CHECKLIST AFRICA VEGETATION MAP BIOMES DeserT (Namib; Sahara; Danakil) Semi-deserT (Karoo; Sahel; Chalbi) Arid SAvannah (Kalahari; Masai Steppe; Ogaden) Grassland (Highveld; Abyssinian) SEYCHELLES Mediterranean SCruB / Fynbos East AFrican Coastal FOrest & SCruB DrY Woodland (including Mopane) Moist woodland (including Miombo) Tropical Rainforest (Congo Basin; upper Guinea) AFrO-Montane FOrest & Grassland (Drakensberg; Nyika; Albertine rift; Abyssinian Highlands) Granitic Indian Ocean IslandS (Seychelles) INTRODUCTION The idea of this booklet is to enable you, as a Wilderness guest, to keep a detailed record of the mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians that you observe during your travels. It also serves as a compact record of your African journey for future reference that hopefully sparks interest in other wildlife spheres when you return home or when travelling elsewhere on our fragile planet. Although always exciting to see, especially for the first-time Africa visitor, once you move beyond the cliché of the ‘Big Five’ you will soon realise that our wilderness areas offer much more than certain flagship animal species. Africa’s large mammals are certainly a big attraction that one never tires of, but it’s often the smaller mammals, diverse birdlife and incredible reptiles that draw one back again and again for another unparalleled visit. Seeing a breeding herd of elephant for instance will always be special but there is a certain thrill in seeing a Lichtenstein’s hartebeest, cheetah or a Lilian’s lovebird – to name but a few. As a globally discerning traveller, look beyond the obvious, and challenge yourself to learn as much about all wildlife aspects and the ecosystems through which you will travel on your safari. -
Prey Selection by Caracal in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park
Prey selection by caracal in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park H.I.A.S. Melville1*, J. du P. Bothma1 & M.G.L. Mills2 1Centre for Wildlife Management, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002 South Africa 2SAN Parks, Endangered Wildlife Trust and Mammal Research Institute, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X402, Skukuza, 1350 South Africa Received 29 August 2003. Accepted 4 March 2004 In the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, 116 caracal (Caracal caracal) scat samples were col- lected and 327 attempted hunts were reconstructed from spoor-tracking. The data were analysed to establish the prey use of caracals in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park and to study the extent to which caracals use small stock by moving into the adjacent farmland in Namibia. It was found that the primary prey resource was small mammals, the vast majority of which were rodents, including springhare (Pedetes capensis). Larger prey animals included steenbok (Raphicerus campestris) and smaller carnivores up to the size of a black-backed jackal (Canis mesomelas). Birds were an abundant prey resource, especially the larger ground-roosting species. Invertebrate remains were found in a large proportion of the scats, indicating that they were commonly used as a source of food. Domestic livestock remains were identified in eight of the scat samples and the temporal distribution of these indicated an increased use of domestic livestock by caracals in the cold season. Key words: caracal, Felidae, livestock, scat analysis, small mammals, spoor-tracking. INTRODUCTION where stock farms border on the Kgalagadi The survival of any predator is directly related Transfrontier Park. Although widely condemned to the quality and quantity of its diet. -
Micromammal Paleoecology
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by CU Scholar Institutional Repository University of Colorado, Boulder CU Scholar Anthropology Graduate Theses & Dissertations Anthropology Spring 1-1-2011 Micromammal Paleoecology: Theory, Methods, and Application to Modern and Fossil Assemblages in The rC adle of Humankind World Heritage Site, South Africa Jennifer Nicole Leichliter University of Colorado at Boulder, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.colorado.edu/anth_gradetds Part of the Biological and Physical Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Leichliter, Jennifer Nicole, "Micromammal Paleoecology: Theory, Methods, and Application to Modern and Fossil Assemblages in The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, South Africa" (2011). Anthropology Graduate Theses & Dissertations. Paper 7. This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Anthropology at CU Scholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Graduate Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of CU Scholar. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Micromammal Paleoecology: Theory, Methods, and Application to Modern and Fossil Assemblages in The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, South Africa by Jennifer Leichliter B.A., Colorado College, 2008 A thesis submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of the University of Colorado in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master’s of Anthropology Department of Anthropology 2011 This thesis entitled: Micromammal Paleoecology: Theory, Methods, and Application to Modern and Fossil Assemblages in The Cradle of Humankind World Heritage Site, South Africa written by Jennifer Nicole Leichliter has been approved for the Department Anthropology ________________________________________________ Dr. -
Oomparative Craniological Systematics of the "Tenrecomorpha" (Mammalia: Insectivora)
Oomparative craniological systematics of the "Tenrecomorpha" (Mammalia: Insectivora) Peter Giere Anke C. Schunke Ulrich Zeller 1 Introduction Insectivore systematics has long been of spécial interest for mammal- ogists in the belief that a member of this group represents the ances¬ tral eutherian stock. Despite this attention, the establishment of a phylogenetic classification based on shared derived characters proved to be diffïcult due to the heterogeneity of the group and the paucity of such characters (cf. Butler 1988, MacPhee and Novacek 1993). In part, this is also true for the taxa identified within the Insectivora. Hère, a doser look will be taken at the 'Tenrecomorpha", consisting of the Malagasy tenrecs and the central and west African otter shrews. Based mainly on palaeontological data, Butler (1972) distinguished the 'Tenrecomorpha" from the Erinaceomorpha, Soricomorpha and View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Chrysochlorida.brought to you by CORE Due to a misidentification of the original material, provided by Horizon / Pleins textes this division ofthe insectivores was abandoned (Butler 1988), and both tenrecs and otter shrews are now subsumed under the Soricomorpha (Butler 1988; cf. MacPhee and Novacek 1993; McKenna and BELL 1997). The label 'Tenrecomorpha" is used hère to facilitate denoting tenrecs and otter shrews and could be used inter- 244 African Small Mammals / Petits mammifères africains changeably with "Tenrecidae" as in Hutterer (1993) or 'Tenrecoidea" as in McKenna and Bell (1997). It is not used hère to distinguish the tenrecs and otter shrews as a higher level taxon to be separated from other insectivore higher taxa. The two gênera of otter shrews, Potamogale and Micropotamogale are generally placed within the Tenrecidae (e.g. -
The Middle and Inner Ears of the Palaeogene Golden Mole
The middle and inner ears of the Palaeogene golden mole Namachloris: a comparison with extant species Matthew J. Mason 1* Nigel C. Bennett 2 Martin Pickford 3 1 University of Cambridge Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EG UK 2 University of Pretoria Department of Zoology and Entomology Pretoria 0002 South Africa 3 Sorbonne Universités CR2P, UMR 7207 du CNRS Département Histoire de la Terre Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle et Université Pierre et Marie Curie France Keywords: Namachloris, middle ear, inner ear, Afrotheria, Chrysochloridae 2 Graphical abstract text The Palaeogene chrysochlorid Namachloris had small ossicles and a tensor tympani muscle. Its middle ear cavities did not intercommunicate. Like some other afrotherians, it had a secondary crus commune but no distinct canaliculus cochleae. Graphical Abstract Image 141x105mm (72 x 72 DPI) 3 Abstract Many living species of golden moles (Chrysochloridae) have greatly enlarged middle ear ossicles, believed to be used in the detection of ground vibrations through inertial bone conduction. Other unusual features of chrysochlorids include internally-coupled middle ear cavities and the loss of the tensor tympani muscle. Our understanding of the evolutionary history of these characteristics has been limited by the paucity of fossil evidence. In this paper, we describe for the first time the exquisitely-preserved middle and inner ears of Namachloris arenatans from the Palaeogene of Namibia, visualised using computed tomography, as well as ossicles attributed to this species. We compare the auditory region of this fossil golden mole, which evidently did not possess a hypertrophied malleus, to those of three extant species with similarly-sized ear ossicles, Amblysomus hottentotus, Calcochloris obtusirostris and Huetia leucorhinus. -
Fossil Rodents from Bone Cave at the Koanaka Hills Locality
FOSSIL RODENTS FROM BONE CAVE AT THE KOANAKA HILLS LOCALITY, BOTSWANA _____________ A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Biological Sciences Sam Houston State University _____________ In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science _____________ by Zachary W. Pierce May, 2020 FOSSIL RODENTS FROM BONE CAVE AT THE KOANAKA HILLS LOCALITY, BOTSWANA by Zachary W. Pierce ______________ APPROVED: Patrick J. Lewis, PhD Thesis Director Monte L. Thies, PhD Committee Member Jeffrey R. Wozniak, PhD Committee Member John B. Pascarella, PhD Dean, College of Science and Engineering Technology DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my mom and dad, Drs. Maria and Robert Pierce. None of this is possible without the hard work and perseverance exhibited throughout their lives, and I am eternally grateful for this sacrifice. This work is also dedicated to my wife Lillian Pierce who provided constant love and support during this process which gave me the perseverance and motivation to finish. iii ABSTRACT Pierce, Zachary W, Fossil rodents from Bone Cave at the Koanaka Hills locality, Botswana. Master of Science (Biology), May, 2020, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, Texas. In this study I analyze a Middle Pleistocene rodent fauna from Bone Cave locality, Koanaka Hills, northwestern Botswana and attempt to reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the surrounding area. Only a few Pliocene and Pleistocene fossil localities exist between eastern and southern Africa, and the fossil rodents collected from within the Koanaka Hills partially fills this significant geographic and temporal gap in the paleontological record of Africa. Rodent remains from owl accumulations are frequently found in the fossil record and used to reconstruct the paleoenvironment Similarly, prey remains from owl accumulations are used to reconstruct modern community composition. -
Report to the Government of Liberia on Conservation, Management and Utilization of Wildlife Resources
IUCN PUBLICATIONS NEW SERIES Supplementary Paper No 24 REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA ON CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES by KAI CURRY-LINDAHL 1948 International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland 1969 IUCN PUBLICATIONS NEW SERIES Supplementary Paper No 24 REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF LIBERIA ON CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND UTILIZATION OF WILDLIFE RESOURCES by KAI CURRY-LINDAHL International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources Morges, Switzerland 1969 CONTENTS Introduction 1 Background of this Report 1 African Convention on Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 2 Principles 2 Actual Conservation Legislation in Liberia 3 The natural setting of Liberia 4 Land use and wildlife 5 Forests 7 Savannas 11 Bushmeat production 12 Conservation and management of wildlife 15 Hunting legislation 15 National parks and nature reserves 20 Suggestions of areas for national parks and nature reserves 23 Mount Wutivi 23 Bokoma 23 Tiempo 23 Nimba Range 23 Cape Mount 24 Lofa region 24 Cestos region 24 Grand Gedeh region 25 Swamp and delta areas 25 Organization 26 Conclusions : a wildlife restoration plan 28 Cited and consulted literature 31 The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) was founded in 1948 and has its headquarters in Morges, Switzerland; it is an independent international body whose membership comprises states, irrespective of their political and social systems, government departments and private institutions as well as international organisations. It represents those who are concerned at man's modification of the natural environment through the rapidity of urban and industrial development and the excessive exploitation of the earth's natural resources, upon which rest the foundations of his survival.