List of Land-Grant Institutions and Agricultural Experiment Stations in the United States

For help in diagnosing and controlling plant diseases write to the extension plant pathologist at the college of agriculture of your state university or to your state experiment station. Bulletins, circulars, and spray schedules are available free from the bulletin room or mailing clerk.

Alabama: Auburn University, Auburn 36849. Alaska: University of Alaska, College 99775; Experiment Station, Anchorage 99508. Arizona: University of Arizona, Tucson 85721. Arkansas: University of Arkansas, Fayetteville 72701; Cooperative Extension Service, P.O. Box 391, Little Rock 72203. California: University of California, Berkeley 94720; Riverside 92521; Davis 95616. Colorado: Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80523. Connecticut: University of Connecticut, Storrs 06268; Connecticut Agricul• tural Experiment Station, New Haven 06504. Delaware: University of Delaware, Newark 19711.

875 876 • US. Land-Grant Institutions/Agricultural Experiment Stations

District of Columbia: University of the District of Columbia, Cooperative Extension Service, Washington, D.C. 20002. Aorida: University of Aorida, Gainesville 32611. Georgia: University of Georgia, Athens 30602; Agricultural Experiment Station, Experiment 30212; Coastal Plain Station, Tifton 31793. Hawaii: University of Hawaii, Honolulu 96822. Idaho: University of Idaho, Extension Service, Boise 83709; Agricultural Experiment Station, Moscow 83843. Illinois: University of Illinois, Urbana 61801. Indiana: Purdue University, West Lafayette 47907. Iowa: Iowa State University, Ames 50011. Kansas: Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506. Kentucky: University of Kentucky, Lexington 40546. Louisiana: Louisiana State University, University Station, Baton Rouge 70803. Maine: University of Maine, Orono 04469. Maryland: University of Maryland, College Park 20742. Massachusetts: University of Massachusetts, Amherst 01003. Michigan: Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824. Minnesota: University of Minnesota, St. Paul 55108. Mississippi: Mississippi State University, State College 39762. Missouri: University of Missouri, Columbia 65211. Montana: Montana State University, Bozeman 59715. Nebraska: University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583. Nevada: University of Nevada, Reno 89557. New Hampshire: University of New Hampshire, Durham 03824. New Jersey: Rutgers, The State University, New Brunswick 08903. New Mexico: New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003. New York: Cornell University, Ithaca 14853; Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva 14456. North Carolina: North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27650. North Dakota: North Dakota State University, Fargo 58105. Ohio: Ohio State University, Columbus 43210; Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster 44691. Oklahoma: Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74078. Oregon: Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331. Pennsylvania: The Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802. Puerto Rico: University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez 00708. Rhode Island: University of Rhode Island, Kingston 02881. South Carolina: Clemson University, Clemson 29631. South Dakota: South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007. Tennessee: University of Tennessee, Knoxville 37901. Texas: Texas A & M University, College Station, 77843; Agricultural Experi• ment Station, Lubbock 79401. Utah: Utah State University, Logan 84322. Vermont: University of Vermont, Burlington 05405. US. Land-Grant Institutions!Agricultural Experiment Stations • 877

Virginia: Virginia Polytechnic Institute, Blacksburg 24061. Virgin Islands: Virgin Islands Extension Service, Kingshill, St. Croix 00850. Washington: Washington State University, Pullman 99164; Western Wash- ington Experiment Station, Puyallup 98371. West Virginia: West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506. Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706. Wyoming: University of Wyoming, Laramie 82071. Glossary

Acervulus, pl. Acervuli. A "little heap," an erumpent, cushionlike mass of hyphae bearing conidiophores and conidia, sometimes with setae; charac• teristic of the Melanconiales (Fig. 8). Acicular. Needlelike. Aeciospore. Rust spore formed in an aecium. Aecium, pl. Aecia. A cluster-cup, or cuplike fruiting sorus in the rusts (Fig. 64). Aerobic. Living or active only in the presence of oxygen. Allantoid. Sausage-shaped. Alternate Host. One or other of the two unlike hosts of a heteroecious rust. Amoeboid. Not having a cell wall and changing in form like an amoeba. Annulus. A ring; ringlike partial veil around stipe in the mushrooms. Antheridium, pl. Antheridia. Male sex organ in the fungi. Anthracnose. A disease with limited necrotic lesions, caused by a fungus producing nonsexual spores in acervuli (Figs. 10 and 11). Antibiotic. Damaging to life; especially a substance produced by one micro• organism to destroy others. Apothecium, pl. Apothecia. The cup- or saucer-like ascus-bearing fruiting body; in the Oiscomycete section of the Ascomycetes (Figs. 6 and 62). Appressorium. A swelling on a fungus germ tube for attachment to host in early stage of infection; found especially in anthracnose fungi and rusts. Ascocarp, or Ascoma. Any structure producing asci, as an apothecium, perithecium. Ascomycetes. One of the three main groups of the fungi, bearing sexual spores in asci.

879 880 • Glossary

Ascospore. Produced in ascus by free cell formation. Ascus, pl. Asci. Saclike, usually clavate cell containing ascospores, typically eight (Fig. 6). Aseptate. Without cross-walls. Asexual. Vegetative, having no sex organs or sex spores; the imperfect stage of a fungus. Autoecious. Completing life cycle on one host; term used in rusts.

Bacteria. Microscopic one-celled organisms increasing by fission. Bactericide. Substance causing death of bacteria. Basidiomycetes. Class 3 in the Fungi, characterized by septate mycelium, sometimes with damp-connections, and sexual spores on basidia (Fig. 7). Basidiospore. Spore produced on a basidium. Basidium, pl. Basidia. Club-shaped structure, which, after fusion of two nuclei, produces four basidiospores (Fig. 7). Binucleate. Having two nuclei. Blight. A disease with sudden, severe leaf damage and often with general killing of flowers and stems. Blotch. A blot or spot, usually superficial. Breaking, of a virus. Loss of flower color in a variegated pattern, especially in tulips.

Canker. A lesion on a stem; a plant disease with sharply limited necrosis of the cortical tissue (Figs. 25, 26, and 27). Carrier. Infected plant showing no marked symptoms but source of infection for other plants. Catenulate. In chains, or in an end-to-end series. Cerebroid. With brainlike convolutions or folds. Chemotherapy. Treatment of internal disease by chemical agents that have a toxic effect on the microorganism without injuring the plant. Chlamydospore. Thick-walled, asexual resting spore formed by the rounding up of any mycelial cell (Fig. 55); also used for smut spores. Chlorosis. Yellowing of normally green tissue due to partial failure of chloro- phyll to develop; often due to unavailability of iron (Fig. 45). Cilium, pl. Cilia. Hairlike swimming organ on bacteria or zoospores. Cirrhus, pl. Cirrhi. A tendril or horn of forced-out spores. Clamp-connections. Outgrowths of hyphae that form bridges around septa, thus connecting two cells; in Basidiomycetes (Fig. 7). Clavate. Club-shaped. Cleistothecium, pl. Cleistothecia. A perithecium without a special opening; in powdery mildews (Fig. 51). Coalesce. Growing together into one body or spot. Coenocytic. Multinucleate; mycelia having no cell walls. Columella. Sterile central axis in a mature fruiting body (Fig. 5). Glossary • 881

Concentric. One circle within another with a common center. Conidiophore. Simple or branched hyphae on which conidia are produced. Conidium, pl. Conidia. Any asexual spore except sporangiospore or chlamydospore. Conk. Term used in forestry for sporophores of Polyporaceae on trees. Control. Prevention of, or reduction of loss from, plant disease. Coremium, pl. Coremia. Synnema, a cluster of erect hyphae bearing conidia (Fig. 8). Coriaceous. Like leather in texture. Culturing. Artificial propagation of organisms on nutrient media or living plants. Cystidium, pl. Cystidia. Sterile, often swollen cell projecting from hyme• nium in Basidiomycetes.

Damping-off. Seed decay in soil, or seedling blight. Decumbent. Resting on substratum with ends turned up. Decurrent. Running down the stipe or stem. Diagnosis. Identification of nature and cause of a disease. Dieback. Progressive death of branches or shoots beginning at tips. Defoliate. To strip or become stripped of leaves. Dichotomous. Branching, frequently successive, into two more or less equal arms. Dimidiate. Having one half smaller than the other; of a perithecium, having outer wall covering only top half. Discomycetes. The cup fungi, a subclass of Ascomycetes; with apothecia. Disease. A condition in which use or structure of any part of the living organism is not normal. Disinfection. Freeing a diseased plant, organ, or tissue from infection. Disinfestation. Killing or inactivating disease organisms before they can cause infection; on surface of seed or plant part, or in soil. Dissemination. Transport of inoculum from a diseased to a healthy plant. Disjunctor. Cell or projection connecting spores of a chain. Duster. Apparatus for applying fungicides in dry form.

Echinulate. Having small, pointed spines; used of spores. Endoconidium, pl. Endoconidia. Conidium formed within a hypha. Enphytotic. A plant disease causing constant damage from year to year. Epiphytotic. Sudden and destructive development of a plant disease over an extensive area, an epidemic. Eradicant fungicide. One that destroys a fungus at its source. Eradication. Control of disease by eliminating the pathogen after it is already established. Erumpent. Breaking through surface of substratum. ¢ric. Off center. 882 • Glossary

Exclusion. Control of disease by preventing its introduction into disease-free areas. Exudate. Liquid discharge from diseased tissues.

Fasciation. Joining side by side; a plant disease with flattened and sometimes curved shoots. Fascicle. A small bundle or cluster. Filiform. Threadlike. Fimbriate. Fringed, or toothed. Flag. A branch with dead leaves on an otherwise green tree. Flagellum, pl. Flagella. Whiplike organ on a motile cell; cilium. Fruiting body. Fungus structure containing or bearing spores; mushroom, pycnidium, perithecium, apothecium, etc. Fumigant. A volatile disinfectant, destroying organisms by vapor. Fungicide. Chemical or physical agent that kills or inhibits fungi. Fungi Imperfecti. Fungi that have not been connected with the perfect or sexual stage; most are imperfect states of Ascomycetes. Fungistatic. An agent preventing development of fungi without killing them. Fungus, pl. Fungi. An organism with no chlorophyll, reproducing by sexual or asexual spores, usually with mycelium with well-marked nuclei. Fusiform. Spindle-like, narrowing toward the ends. Fusoid. Somewhat fusiform.

Gall. Outgrowth or swelling, often more or less spherical, of unorganized plant cells as result of attack by bacteria, fungi, or other organisms. Gametangium. Gamete mother cell. Gamete. A sex cell, especially one formed in a gametangium. Germ Tube. Hypha produced by a germinated fungus spore. Gill. Lamella or hymenium-covered plate on underside of cap of a mushroom. Girdle. A canker that surrounds stem, completely cutting off water supply and thus causing death; girdling roots also cause death. Glabrous. Smooth. Gleba. Sporulating tissue in an angiocarpous fruit body. Globose. Almost spherical. Gram-negative, gram-positive. Not being stained, and being stained, by the gram stain used in classifying bacteria.

Haustorium, pl. Haustoria. Special hypha! branch extended into living cell for purpose of absorbing food (Fig. 50). Heteroecious. Undergoing different parasitic stages on two unlike hosts, as in the rusts. Heterothallic. Of a fungus, sexes separate in different mycelia. Holocarpic. Having all the thallus used for a fruiting body. Homothallic. Both sexes present in same mycelium. Host. Any plant attacked by a parasite. Glossary • 883

Hyaline. Colorless, or nearly transparent. Hymenium. Spore-bearing layer of a fungus fruiting body. Hyperplastic. Term applied to a disease producing an abnormally large number of cells. Hypha, pl. Hyphae. Single thread of a fungus mycelium. Hypoplastic. Term applied to a disease with subnormal cell production. Hyphopodium, pl. Hyphopodia. More or less lobed appendage to a hypha. Hysterothecium. Oblong or linear perithecium, sometimes considered an apothecium, opening by a cleft.

Immune. Exempt from disease; having qualities that do not permit infection. Immunization. Process of increasing the resistance of a living organism. Imperfect Fungus. One lacking any sexual reproductive state. Imperfect state. State of life cycle in which asexual spores, or none, are produced. Incubation period. Time between inoculation and development of symp- toms that can be seen. Indehiscent. Of fruit bodies, not opening, or with no special method. Infection. Process of beginning or producing disease. Infection court. Place where an infection may take place, as leaf, fruit, petal, etc. Injury. Result of transient operation of an adverse factor, as an insect bite, or action of a chemical. Innate. Bedded in, immersed. Inoculation. Placing of inoculum in infection court. Inoculum. Pathogen or its part, as spores, fragments of mycelium, and so on, that can infect plants. Inoperculate. Not opening by a lid. Intercellular. Between cells. Intracellular. Within cells. Intumescence. Knoblike or pustulelike outgrowth of elongated cells on leaves, stems, etc., caused by environmental disturbances.

Lamella. Gill. Lesion. Localized spot of diseased tissue. Locule. A cavity, especially one in a stroma.

Macroconidia. Large conidia. Macroscopic. Large enough to be seen with the naked eye. Medulla. Loose layer of hyphae inside a thallus; body of a sclerotium. Microconidia. Very small spores, now considered spermatia of a fungus also having larger conidia. Micron. 1/1000 millimeter, unit used for measuring spores. Microscopic. Too small to be seen except with the aid of a microscope; true of most of the fungus structures shown in line drawings in this book. 884 • Glossary

Mildew. Plant disease in which the pathogen is a growth on the surface. Molds. Fungi with conspicuous mycelium or spore masses, often saprophytes. Monoecious. Male and female reproductive organs in same individual; in rusts, all stages of life cycle on single species of plant. Multinucleate. Several nuclei in same cell. Mummy. Dried, shriveled fruit, result of disease. Muriform. Having cross and longitudinal septa. Mushroom. An agaric fruit body (Fig. 7). Mycelium, pl. Mycelia. Mass of fungus hyphae. Mycelia Sterilia. Fungi lmperfecti where spores, except for chlamydospores, are not present. Mycoplasmalike organism (MLO). A wall-less prokaryotic plant pathogen that has a single-unit membrane. Mycorrhiza, pl. Mycorrhizae. Symbiotic, nonpathogenic association of fungi and roots.

Necrosis. Death of plant cells, usually resulting in tissue turning dark. Necrotic. As an adjective, killing. Nematicide. Chemical or physical agent killing nematodes. Nematodes. Nemas, roundworms, eelworms, cause of some plant diseases.

Obligate parasite. A parasite that can develop only in living tissues, with no saprophytic stage. Obovate. Inversely ovate, narrowest at base. Obtuse. Rounded or blunted, greater than a right angle. Oogonium, pl. Oogonia. Female sex organ in the Oomycetes (Fig. 4). Oomycetes. Subclass of the Phycomycetes, gametangia of unequal size. Oospore. Resting spore formed in a fertilized oogonium. Operculate. With a cover or lid, as in some asci. Ostiole. Porelike mouth or openings in papilla or neck of a perithecium or pycnidium.

Papilla, pl. Papillae. Small, nipplelike projection. Paraphysis, pl. Paraphyses. A sterile hyphal element in the hymenium, espe• cially in the Ascomycetes, usually clavate or filiform. Paraphysoids. Threads of hyphal tissue between asci, like delicate paraphy• ses but without free ends. Parasite. An organism that lives on or in a second organism, usually causing disease in the latter. Pathogen. Any organism or factor causing disease. Pathogenic. Capable of causing disease. Pedicel. Small stalk. Perfect state. Stage of life-cycle in which spores are formed after nuclear fission. Glossary • 885

Peridium. Wall or limiting membrane of a sporangium or other fruit body, or of a rust sorus. Perithecium. Subglobose or flasklike ascocarp of the Pyrenomycetes (Fig. 6 ). Phial ide. A cell that develops one or more open ends from which a basipetal succession of conidia develops without an increase in length of the phialide itself. Physiogenic disease. Caused by unfavorable environmental factors. Physiologic races. Pathogens of same variety and species structurally the same but differing in physiological behavior, especially in ability to para• sitize a given host. Phytopathology. Plant pathology, science of plant disease. Pileus. Hymenium-supporting part of a fruit body of a higher fungus; the cap of a mushroom. Primary infection. First infection by a pathogen after going through a resting or dormant period. Prokaryotic. Organisms that lack a true nucleus; includes bacteria and mycoplasmalike organisms. Promycelium. Basidium of rusts and smuts. Pulvinate. Cushionlike in form. Pycnidium, pl. Pycnidia. Flasklike fruiting body containing conidia. Pycnium. Spermagonium in the rusts, the 0 stage, resembling a pycnidium (Fig. 64).

Resistance. Ability of a host plant to suppress or retard activity of a pathogen. Resting spore. A spore, often thick-walled, that can remain alive in a dor• mant condition for some time, later germinating and capable of initiating infection. Resupinate. Rat on the substratum with hymenium on outer side. Rhizoid. Rootlike structure (Fig. 5). Rhizomorph. A cordlike strand of fungus hyphae. Ring spot. Disease symptoms characterized by yellowish or necrotic rings with green tissue inside the ring, as in virus diseases. Roguing. Removal of undesired individual plants. Rosette. Disease symptom with stems shortened to produce a bunchy growth habit. Russet. Brownish roughened areas on skins of fruit, from abnormal produc• tion of cork caused by disease, insect, or spray injury. Rust. A fungus, one of the Uredinales, causing a disease also known as rust.

Saprophyte. An organism that feeds on lifeless organic matter. Scab. Crustlike disease lesion; or a disease in which scabs are prominent symptoms (Fig. 67). Sclerotium, pl. Sclerotia. Resting mass of fungus tissue, often more or less spherical, normally having no spores in or on it (Figs. 60, 62). 886 • Glossary

Scorch. Burning of tissue, from infection or weather conditions. Scutellum. Plate or shieldlike cover, as in Microthyriales. Septate. Having cross-walls, septa. Sessile. Having no stem. Seta, pl. Setae. A stiff hair, or bristle, generally dark-colored. Shothole. A disease symptom in which small round fragments drop out of leaves, making them look as if riddled by shot. Sign. Any indication of disease other than reaction of the host plant-spores, mycelium, exudate, or fruiting bodies of the pathogen. Slurry. Thick suspension of chemicali used for seed treatment. Smut. A fungus of the Ustilaginales, characterized by sooty spore massesi the name also used for the disease caused by the smut. Sooty mold. Dark fungus growing in insect honeydew. Sorus, pl. Sori. Fungus spore mass, especially of rusts and smutsi occasionally, a group of fruiting bodies. Species. One sort of plant or animali abbreviated as "sp." singular, and "spp." plural. A genus name followed by sp. means that the particular species is undetermined. Spp. following a genus name means that several species are grouped together without being named individually. Spermagonium. Walled structure in which spermatia are produced, a pycnium. Spermatium, pl. Spermatia. A sex cell ( + or - ), a pycniospore. Sporangiole. Small sporangium without a columella and with a small num- ber of spores. Sporangiophore. Hypha bearing a sporangium. Sporangium. Organ producing nonsexual spores in a more or less spherical wall (Fig. 4). Spore. A single- to many-celled reproductive body, in the fungi and lower plants, which can develop a new plant. Sporidium, pl. Sporidia. Basidiospore of rusts and smuts. Sporodochium, pl. Sporodochia. Cluster of conidiophores interwoven on a stroma or mass of hyphae (Fig. 8). Sporophore. Spore-producing or supporting structure-a fruit bodyi used especially in the Basidiomycetes (Fig. 58). Sporulate. To produce spores. Sprayer. Apparatus for applying chemicals in liquid form. Sterigma, pl. Sterigmata. Projection for supporting a spore. Stipe. A stalki stipitate, stalked. Strain. An organism or group of organisms differing in origin or minor aspects from other organisms of same species or variety. Stroma, pl. Stromata. Mass of fungus hyphae often including host tissue containing or bearing spores. Subiculum, subicle. Netlike woolly or crustlike growth of 1nycelium under fruit bodies. Glossary • 887

Substrate. The substance or object on which a saprophytic organism lives and from which it gets nourishment. Suscept. A living organism attacked by, or susceptible to, a given disease or pathogen; in many cases a more precise term than host but less familiar. Susceptible. Unresistant, permitting the attack of a pathogen. Swarmspore. Zoospore. Synnema, pl. Synnemata. Groups of hyphae sometimes joined together, generally upright and producing spores; coremium. Systemic. Term applied to disease in which single infection leads to general spread of the pathogen throughout the plant body; or to a chemical that acts through the vascular system.

Teliospore. Winter or resting form of rust spore, from which basidium is produced (Figs. 63, 64, and 65). Telium. Sorus producing teliospores. Thallophyte. One of the simpler plants, belonging to the algae, bacteria, fungi, slime molds, or lichens. Thallus. Vegetative body of a thallophyte. Tolerant. Capable of sustaining disease without serious injury or crop loss. Toxin. Poison formed by an organism. Tylosis, pl. Tyloses. Cell outgrowth into cavity of xylem vessel, plugging it.

Urediospore. Summer spore of rusts; one-celled, verrucose (Fig. 63). Uredium. Sorus producing urediospores.

Valsoid. Having groups of perithecia with beaks pointing inward, or even parallel with surface, as in valsa. Vector. An agent, insect, human, and so on, transmitting disease. Vein-banding. Symptom of virus disease in which regions along veins are darker green than the tissue between veins. Verrucose. With small rounded processes or warts. Viroid. A small viruslike infectious agent having no protein coat and only a small amount of nucleic acid. Virulent. Highly pathogenic; with strong capacity for causing disease. Viruliferous. Virus-carrying; term applied particularly to virus-laden insects. Virus. An obligate parasite capable of multiplying in certain hosts, ultra- microscopic, recognizable by the effects produced in infected hosts. Has nucleic acid with protein coat.

Wilt. Loss of freshness or drooping of plants due to inadequate water supply or excessive transpiration; a vascular disease interfering with utilization of water. 888 • Glossary

Witches' broom. Disease symptom with abnormal brushlike development of many weak shoots.

Yellows. Term applied to disease in which yellowing or chlorosis is a princi• pal symptom.

Zoospore. A swimming spore, swarmspore, capable of independent move• ment (Fig. 4). Zygomycetes. Subclass of the Phycomycetes, characterized by gametes of equal size. Zygospore. Resting spore formed from the union of similar gametes (Fig. 5). Selected Bibliography

In the preparation of Westcott's Plant Disease Handbook references have been reviewed that cover nearly sixty years of scientific reporting. An attempt has been made also to keep abreast of current literature. To cite all of the individual articles that have been helpful would fill another book. The bibliography presented here is a selected small sampling of the field surveyed, with emphasis on sources consulted in making nomenclatural decisions. Periodicals that are regularly reviewed include Plant Disease, Phytopathology, Review of Applied Mycology, Journal of Economic Entomology, A.I.B.S. Bulletin (Agricultural Institute of Biological Sciences), Biological Abstracts, Agricultural Chemicals, NAC News (National Agricultural Chemicals Association), Arborist's News, Proceedings of the National Shade Tree Conference, American Fruit Grower, American Vegetable Grower, Farm Journal, The Garden Journal (New York Botanical Garden), Plants and Gardens (Brooklyn Botanic Garden), The National Gardener (National Council of State Garden Clubs), publications of many of the state garden clubs, most of the popular garden magazines, and yearbooks and magazines of several single plant societies. In addition, there are numerous bulletins, circulars, and spray schedules from state experiment stations. The following references provide coverage in depth of the current taxon• omy of the major types of plant pathogens.

Bacteria: Volume 1 (1984) and Volume (1986) of Bergey's Manual of System• atic Bacteriology, published by Williams and Wilkins, and Laboratory

889 890 • Selected Bibliography

Guide for Identification of Plant Pathogenic Bacterial (1980) by N. W. Schaad, published by APS Press, The American Phytopathological Society. VJrUSeS: Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses (1979) by R. E. E Matthews, published by Academic Press, and Descriptions of Plant Viruses, published by the Commonwealth Mycological Institute and Association of Applied Biologists. Fungi: Plant Pathogenic Fungi (1987) by J. A. von Arx, published by J. Cramer in Berlin, Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi (1983) by D. L. Hawksworth, B. C. Sutton, and G. C. Ainsworth, 7th edition, published by Commonwealth Mycological Institute, and Illustrated Gen• era of Imperfect Fungi (1972) by H. L. Barnett and H. B. Hunter, 3rd edition, published by Burgess Publishing Company. Nematodes: Pictorial Key to Genera of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes (1975) by W. E Mai and H. H. Lyon, 4th edition, published by Cornell University Press.

Finally, the APS Press, the publishing group of the American Phytopatho• logical Society, produces a Compendium of Plant Disease series that provides information about causes, cycles, and control of plant diseases. There are presently 20 books in this series.

Ainsworth, G. C., and G. R. Bisby. A Dictionary of the Fungi, 5th ed. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, I

Barnett, H. L., and Barry B. Hunter. Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi, 3rd ed. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1972. Bawden, E C. Plant Viruses and Virus Diseases, 4th ed. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1964. Beemster, A. B. R., and Jeanne Dijkstra, eds. Viruses of Plants. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1966. Bessey, Ernst Athearn. Morphology and Taxonomy of Fungi. The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1950, and Hafner Publishing Co., 1961. Birchfield, W. The burrowing nema situation in Florida. Jour. Economic Entomology 50:562-566, 1957. Bisby, G. R. An Introduction to the Taxonomy and Nomenclature of Fungi. Common• wealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1945. Boyce, John Shaw. Forest Pathology, 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York. 1961. Brandes, Gordon A., Tulio M. Cordero, and Robert L. Skiles, eds. Compendium of Plant Diseases. Rohm & Haas Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1959. Bray, D. E Gas injury to shade trees. Scientific Tree Topics 2(5):19-22. Bartlett Tree Research Laboratories, Stamford, CT, 1958. Brierley, Philip. Viruses described primarily on ornamental or miscellaneous plants. Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 150:410-482, 1944. Buchanan, R. E., and N. E. Gibbons. Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1974. Buhrer, Edna M. Common names of some important plant pathogenic nematodes. Plant Disease Reporter 38:535-541, 1954. Burkholder, Walter H. In Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 7th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1957, pp. 89-183, 288-292, 349-359, 579-597. Burnett, Harry C. Orchid Diseases. State of Florida Dept. of Agriculture, Div. of Plant Industry, Vol. I, No. 3, Gainesville, FL, 1965. Cairns, Eldon]., et a!. Symposium on new developments and new problems concern• ing nematodes in the South. Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 227:75-107, 1954. Campana, Richard, chairman. Guide for Community-wide Control of Dutch Elm Disease. Midwestern Chapter, National Shade Tree Conference, 1957. Caroselli, Nester E. Verticillium wilt of maples. RI Agr. Exp. Sta. Bul. 335:3-84, 1957. Carter, J. Cedric. Illinois trees; their diseases. IL Nat. Hist. Survey Circ. 46, 1964. Carter, J. Cedric. Dutch elm disease in Illinois. IL Nat. Hist. Survey Circ. 53, 1967. Carter, J. Cedric. The wetwood disease of elm. IL Nat. Hist. Survey Circ. 50, 1964. Carter, W. Insects in Relation to Disease. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1963. Chester, K. Starr. Nature and Prevention of Plant Diseases, 2nd ed. The Blakiston Company, Philadelphia, PA, 1947. Carter, J. Cedric. Nature and Prevention of Cereal Rusts as Exemplified in the Leaf Rust of Wheat. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA, 1946. Chitwood, B. G. Golden Nematode of Potatoes. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 885,1951. Chitwood, B. G. Root-knot nematodes. Part I. A revision of the genus Meloidogyne Goeldi 1887. Proc. Helm. Soc. Wash. 16:90-104, 1949. Chitwood, B. G., and W. Birchfield. Nematodes, their kinds and characteristics. State Plant Board of FL. Vol. II. Bull. 9:5-49, 1956. Chitwood, B. G., C. I. Hannon, and R. P. Esser. A new nematode genus, Meloidodera, linking the genera Heterodera and Meloidogyne. Phytopathology 46:264-266, 1956. Christensen, C. M. Common Fleshy Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, rev. 1965. Christie, J. R. Plant Nematodes, Their Bionomics and Control. University of Florida, Gainesville, FL., 1959. 892 • Selected Bibliography

Christie, J. R., and V. G. Perry. A root disease of plants caused by a nematode of the genus Trichodorus. Science 113:491-493, 1951. Christie, J. R., and A. L. Taylor. Controlling nematodes in the home garden. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 2048, 1952. Chupp, Charles. Manual of Vegetable-garden Diseases. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1925. Chupp, Charles. A Monograph of the Fungus Genus Cercospora. Published by author, Ithaca, NY, 1953. Chupp, Charles, and ArdenE Sherf. Vegetable Diseases and Their Control. Ronald Press, New York, 1960. Clements, Frederic E., and Cornelius L. Shear. The Genera of Fungi. H. W. Wilson Company, New York, 1931. Reprint Hafner Publishing Company, New York, 1965. Converse, Richard H. Diseases of raspberries and erect and trailing blackberries. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agriculture Handbook 310, 1966. Cooke, W. B. Nomenclatorial notes on Erysiphaceae. Mycologia 44:57, 1952. Corbett, M. K., and H. D. Sisler, eds. Plant Virology. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL, 1964. Couch, H. B. Diseases of Turfgrasses. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1962. Couch, J. N. The Genus Septobasidium. University of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, 1938. Cox, R. E. Some common diseases of flowering dogwood in Delaware. Del. Agr. Expt. Sta. Circ. 27, 1954. Cummins, George B. Illustrated Genera of Rust Fungi. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1959. Cummins, George B., and John A. Stevenson. A check list of North American rust fungi (Uredinales). Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 240:109-193, 1956. Darrow, G. M., J. R. McGrew, and D. H. Scott. Reducing virus and nematode damage to strawberry plants. U.S. Dept. Agr. Leaflet 414, 1957. Davis, Robert E., Robert E Whitcomb, and Russell L. Steere. Remission of aster yellows disease by antibiotics. Science 161(3843): 793-795, 1968. Davis, Spencer H., and C. C. Hamilton. Diseases and insect pests of rhododendron and azalea. N] Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 571, 1955. Dickson, James G. Diseases of Field Crops, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1956. Dickson, R. C. A working list of the names of aphid vectors. Plant Disease Reporter 39:445-452, 1955. Dimock, A. W. The Gardener's ABC of Pest and Disease. M. Barrows and Company, Inc., New York, 1953. Dimock, A. W., eta!. 1975 Cornell Recommendations for Commercial Floriculture Crops. N.Y. State College of Agriculture, Ithaca, NY, 1975. Dimond, A. E., and E. M. Stoddard. Toxicity to greenhouse roses from paints contain• ing mercury fungicides. Conn. Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 595, 1955. Dittmer, Dorothy S., ed. Handbook of Toxicology, Vol. V, Fungicides. W. B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia, PA, 1959. Dochinger, Leon S. Verticillium wilt, its nature and control. Pro c. National Shade Tree Conference 33:202-212, 1957. Doolittle, S. P., A. L. Taylor, and L. L. Danielson. Tomato disease and their control. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agriculture Handbook 203, 1961. Dowson, W. J. Plant Diseases Due to Bacteria, 2nd ed. Cambridge University Press, New York, 1957. Duddington, C. L. The Friendly Fungi. A New Approach to the Eelworm Problem. Faber and Faber, London, 1957. Elliott, Charlotte. Manual of Bacterial Plant Pathogens, rev. ed. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1952. Selected Bibliography • 893

Emsweller, S. L., Philip Brierley, and Aoyd E Smith. Roses for the home. U.S. Dept. Agr. Home and Garden Bull. 25, 1963. Engelhard, Arthur W. Host index of Verticillium albo-atrum. Reinke & Berthe. Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 244:23-49, 1957. Esau, Katherine. Plants, Viruses, and Insects. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1961. Fawcett, Howard S. Citrus Diseases and Their Control, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1936. Felt, Ephraim Porter, and R. Howard Rankin. Insects and Diseases of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1932. Fenska, Richard E. Tree Experts Manual, 2nd ed. A. T. De La Mare Company, Inc., New York, 1954. Filipev, I. N., and J. H. Schuurmans Stekoven. A Manual of Agricultural Helminthology. E. J. Brill Co., Leiden, Holland, 1941. Fischer, G. W. Manual of the North American Smut Fungi. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1953. Fischer, G. W., and C. S. Holton. Biology and Control of the Smut Fungi. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1957. Fitzpatrick, Harry Morton. The Lower Fungi: Phycomycetes. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1930. Forsberg, Junius L. Diseases of Ornamental Plants. Univ. of Illinois, College of Agriculture Special Pub!. No.3, Urbana, lL, 1975. Fowler, Marvin E., and G. E Gravatt. Reducing damage to trees from construction work. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1957, 1945. Frear, Donald E. H., ed. Pesticide Handbook Entoma, 20th ed. College Science Publishers, State College, PA, 1968. (Revised each year, this edition lists 9,486 pesticides by trade names and formulae.) Frear, Donald E. H. Chemistry of the Pesticides, 3rd ed. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ, 1955. Gambrell, E L., and R. M. Gilmer. Insects and diseases of fruit nursery stocks and their control. NY (Geneva) Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 776, 1956. Garrett, S.D. Root Disease Fungi. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA,1944. Gilman, Joseph C. A Manual of Soil Fungi, 2nd ed. Iowa State College Press, Ames, lA, 1957. Golden, A.M. Taxonomy of the spiral nematodes (Rotylenchus and Stelicotylenchus) and the developmental stages and host parasite relationships of R. buxophilus n. sp. attacking boxwood. Univ. MD Bull. A-85, 1956. Golden, A. M., and A. L. Taylor. Rotylenchus christiei, n. sp., a new spiral nematode associated with roots of turf. Proc. Helm. Soc. Wash. 23:109-112, 1956. Goodey, T. Plant Parasitic Nematodes and the Diseases They Cause. E. P. Dutton and Company, New York, 1933. Goodey, T. Soil and Fresh Water Nematodes, 2nd ed. Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, England, 1963. Goodman, Robert N., Zoltan Kiraly, and Milton Zaitlin. The Biochemistry and Physiology of Infectious Plant Disease. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ, 1967. Gould, Charles J., ed. Handbook on Bulb Growing and Forcing. Northwest Bulb Growers Association, Mt. Vernon, WA, 1957. Gould, Charles J., M. R. Harris, and George W. Eade. Disease of ornamentals. State Coli. Wash. Agr. Ext. Mimeo 683. Gram, Ernest, and Anna Weber. Plant Diseases in Orchard, Nursery and Garden Crops. R. W. G. Dennis (ed.). Tr. from the Danish by Evelyn Ramsden. Philosophi• cal Library, New York, 1953. Granados, Robert R., Karl Maramorosch, and Eishiro Shikata. Mycoplasma: Sus• pected etiologic agent of corn stunt. Nat. Acad. Sci. Proc. 60(3):841-844, 1968. 894 • Selected Bibliography

Guba, Emil. Monograph of Monochaetia and Pestalotia. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1961. Hawksworth, Frank G., and Delbert Wiens. Biology and classification of dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium). U.S. Dept. Agr. Agriculture Handbook 401, 1972. Hayley, Denis, ed. Official FDA tolerances. National Agricultural Chemicals Associa• tion News 25(3):3-23, 1967. Heald, Frederick DeForest. Manual of Plant Diseases, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1933. Hedden, 0. K., J.D. Wilson, and J.P. Sleesman. Equipment for applying soil pesticides. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agriculture Handbook 297, 1966. Hepting, George H. Diseases of Forest and Shade Trees of the United States. Distri• buted and processed as Diagnosis of Disease in American Forest and Shade Trees. U.S. Dept. Agric. Forest Service, in 5 volumes, dated 1964, 1966, 1968. Hildebrand, Earl M., and Harold T. Cook. Sweetpotato diseases. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1059, rev. 1959. Holmes, Francis 0. Virales. In Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 6th ed. The Williams and Wilkins Company, Baltimore, MD, 1948, pp. 1128-1224. Holmes, Francis W., and Clifford S. Chater. Culture, diseases, injuries, and pests of maples in shade and ornamental plantings. Univ. Massachusetts Coop. Ext. Serv. Pub/. 443, 1966. Holton, C. S., G. W. Fischer, R. W. Fulton, Helen Hart, and S. E. A. McCaHan, eds. Plant Pathology, Problems and Progress. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, WI, 1959. Hopkins, J. C. E, ed. Common names of viruses used in the review of applied mycology. Rev. Appl. Myc. Suppl. 35, 1957. Hopper, Bruce E., and Eldon J. Cairns. Taxonomic Keys to Plant, Soil and Aquatic Nematodes. Alabama Polytechnic Institute, Auburn, AL, 1959. Horsfall, James G. Principles of Fungicidal Action. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA, 1956. Horsfall, J. G., and A. E. Dimond, eds. Plant Pathology, An Advanced Treatise, 3 volumes. Academic Press, New York, 1959, 1960. Horsfall, James G., and Raymond J. Lukens. Selectivity of fungicides. Connecticut Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 676, 1966. Horst, R. K. Viroid. McGraw-Hill Yearbook Science and Technology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1977. Horst, R. K., and A. W. Dimock. Diseases of bearded irises. N.Y. State Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 128, 1977. Horst, R. K., and P. E. Nelson. Diseases of chrysanthemums. N.Y. State Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 85, 1975. Hough, Walter S., and A. Freeman Mason. Spraying, Dusting and Fumigating of Plants, rev. ed. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1951. Howard, E L., J. B. Rowell, and H. L. Keil. Fungus diseases of turf grasses. RI Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 308, 1951. Hubert, E P. Common names of diseases of woody plants. Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 206:206-235, 1951. Hutchinson, Martin T. Crop rustling nematodes cost $15 million yearly. NJ Agr. 41(1):9-12, 1959. Hutchinson, M. T., et al. Plant parasitic nematodes of New Jersey. NJ Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 796, 1961. Irons, Frank. Hand sprayers and dusters. U.S. Dept. Agr. Home and Garden Bull. 63, 1967. Jenkins, Anna E. A specific term for diseases caused by Elsinoe and Sphaceloma. Plant Disease Reporter 31:71, 1947. Jenkins, W. R., and D.P. Taylor. Plant Nematology. Reinhold Publishing Corporation, New York, 1967. Selected Bibliography • 895

Jenkins, W. R., D.P. Taylor, R. A. Rhode, and B. W. Coursen. Nematodes associated with crop plants in Maryland. Univ. MD Bull. A-89, 1957. Johnson, Howard W., Donald W. Chamberlain, and S. G. Lehman. Diseases of soybeans and methods of control. U.S. Dept. Agr. Circ. 931, 1954. Johnson, W. T., and H. J. Kastl, eds. A guide to safe pest control around the home. Cornell Misc. Bull. 74, 1971. Klotz, Leo J. Color Handbook of Citrus Diseases, 3rd ed. Univ. of California, Div. of Agricultural Sciences, Berkeley, CA, 1961. Kreitlow, K. W., and E V. Juska. Lawn diseases. U.S. Dept. Agr. Home and Garden Bull. 61, rev. 1967. Large, E. C. The Advance of the Fungi. Henry Holt and Company, New York, 1940 (Paperback, Dover Publishing, Inc., New York, 1962). Lawrence, Fred P., and James E. Brogden. Control of insects and diseases of dooryard citrus trees. Univ. FL Agr. Ext. Serv. Circ. 139, 1955. Leach, J. G.lnsect Transmission of Plant Diseases. McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1940. · Lentz, PaulL. Stereum and allied genera of fungi in the Upper Mississippi Valley. U.S. Dept. Agr. Mono. 24,1955. Leukel, R. W., and V. G. Tapke. Cereal smuts and their control. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 2069, 1954. Lowe, J. L. Polyporaceae of North America; the genus Fornes. NY State College Forestry Tech. Pub/. 80, 1957. McFadden, Lome A. Palm diseases. American Horticultural Mag. 40:148-150,1961. McGrew, J. R. Strawberry diseases. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 2140, rev., 1966. Mai, W. E, and M. B. Harrison. The golden nematode, Cornell Ext. Bull. 870, 1959. Maramorosch, Karl, reporter. A new system of classifying viruses proposed by the International Provisional Virus Nomenclature Committee. Phytopathology 55:1158, 1965. Maramorosch, K., E. Shikata, and R. R. Granapos. Mycoplasma-like bodies in leafhoppers and diseased plants. Phytopathology 58:886, 1968. Marshall, Rush P. Care of damaged shade trees. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1896. 1942. Marshall, Rush P., and Alma M. Waterman. Common diseases of important shade trees. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1987,1948. Martin, G. W. Outline of the Fungi. W. C. Brown Co., Dubuque, IA, 1950. Martin, G. W. Are fungi plants? Mycologia 47:779-792, 1955. Martin, G. W. Key to the families of fungi. In A Dictionary of the Fungi, 5th ed., pp. 497-519, 1961. May, Curtis. Diseases of shade and ornamental maples. U.S. Dept. Agr. Handbook 211,1961. May, Curtis. Rusts of juniper, flowering crabapple and hawthorn. American Horticul• tural Mag. 44:29-32, 1965. Meister, R. T., ed. Farm Chemicals; 1967 Handbook. Meister Publishing Company, Willoughby, OH, 1967 (revised each year). Melhus, Irving E., and George C. Kent. Elements of Plant Pathology. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1939. Miller, Howard N. Investigations with antibiotics for control of bacterial diseases of foliage plants. FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Jour. Ser. 420, 1955. Mills, W. D., and A. A. Laplante. Diseases and insects in the orchard. Cornell Ext. Bull. 711, rev. 1954. Moore, Agnes Ellis. Bibliography of Forest Disease Research in the Department of Agriculture Misc. Pub/. 725, 1957. Moore, W. C. Diseases of bulbs. Ministry Agr. Fisheries (Great Britain) Bull. 117, 1939. 896 • Selected Bibliography

National Research Council, Subcommittee on Plant Pathogens, Agricultural Board. Plant Disease Development and Control. National Academy of Sciences, Washington, DC, 1969. Nelson, Ray. Diseases of gladiolus. MI Agr. Exp. Sta. Spec. Bull. 350, 1948. Nienstaedt, Hans, and Arthur H. Graves. Blight resistant chestnuts. CT Agr. Exp. Sta. Circ. 192, 1955. Noble, Mary, J. de Tempe, and Paul Neergaard. An Annotated List of Seed-borne Diseases. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England, 1958. Osborn, M. R., A.M. Philips, and William C. Pierce. Insects and diseases of the pecan and their control. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1829, 1954. Parker, K. G., E. G. Fisher, and W. D. Mills. Fire blight on pome fruits and its control. Cornell Ext. Bull. 966, 1956. Parris, G. K. Diseases of watermelons. FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 491, 1952. Pirone, Pascal P. Tree Maintenance, 3rd ed. Oxford University Press, New York, 1959. Pirone, Pascal P. Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants. 4th ed. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1970. Pirone, Pascal P., Bernard 0. Dodge, and Harold W. Rickett. Diseases and Pests of Ornamental Plants. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1960. (This is the 3rd ed. of Dodge and Rickett's book of the same name.) Plakidas, A. G. Strawberry Diseases. Louisiana State University Press, Baton Rouge, LA, 1964. Pyenson, Louis L. Elements of Plant Protection. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1951. Pyenson, Louis L. Keep Your Garden Healthy. E. P. Dutton & Co., Inc., New York, 1964. Reed, L. B., and S. P. Doolittle. Insects and diseases of vegetables in the home garden. U.S. Dept. Agr. Home and Garden Bull. 46,1967. Roberts, Daniel A., and Carl W. Boothroyd. Fundamentals of Plant Pathology. W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, CA, 1972. Rogers, Donald P. The genus Pellicularia (Thelephoraceae). Farlowia 1(1):95-118, 1943. Rohde, Richard A., and William R. Jenkins. Basis for resistance of Asparagus officina/is var. altilis L. to the stubby-root nematode Trichodorus christiei Allen. Univ. MD Bull. A-97, 1958. Salmon, Ernest S. A monograph of the Erysiphaceae. Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 9:1-292, 1900. Sasser, J. N. Identification and host-parasite relationships of certain root-knot nematodes. Univ. MD Agr. Exp. Sta. Tech. Bull. A-77, 1954. Sasser, ]. N., and Eldon J. Cairns, eds. Plant Nematology Notes, from Workshops, 1954 and 1955. Southern Regional Nematode Project (S-19), 2nd ed., 1958. Sasser, J. N., and W. R. Jenkins, eds. Nematology, Fundamentals and Recent Advances with Emphasis on Plant Parasitic and Soil Forms. Univ. of North Carolina Press, Chapel Hill, NC, 1960. Scharpf, Robert E, and Frank G. Hawksworth. Mistletoes on hardwoods in the United States. U.S. Dept. Agr. Forest Pest Leaflet 147, 1974. Schindler, A. E Parasitism and pathogenicity of Xiphinema diversicaudatum, an ectoparasitic nematode. Nematologica 2(1):25-31, 1957. Schroth, Milton N., and D. C. Hildebrand. A chemotherapeutic treatment for selec• tively eradicating crown gall and olive knot neoplasms. Phytopathology 58:848-854, 1968. Seaver, Fred J. The North American Cup-fungi (Operculates). Published by the author, New York, 1928, 1942 (now available from Hafner Publishing Company). Seymour, Arthur Bliss. Host Index of the Fungi of North America. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, 1929. Selected Bibliography • 897

Sharvelle, E. G. The Nature and Uses of Modern Fungicides. Burgess Publishing Company, Minneapolis, MN, 1961. Sher, S. A., and M. W. Allen. Revision of the genus Pratylenchus (Nematoda, Tylenchidae ). Univ. CA Public. Zool. 57 (6):441-470, 1953. Shurtleff, Malcolm C. How to Control Plant Diseases in Homes and Gardens, 2nd ed. IA State University Press, Ames, IA, 1966. Sinclair, J. B., ed. Fungicide-Nematicide Tests- Results of 196 7. American Phytopath• ological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1968. Smith, Kenneth M. A Textbook of Plant Virus Diseases, 2nd ed. Little, Brown and Company, Boston, MA, 1957. Smith, K. M. Plant Viruses, 4th ed. Methuen & Co., Ltd., London, 1968. Smith, Ralph E. Diseases of flowers and other ornamentals. CA Agr. Ext. Circ. 118, 1940. Smith, Ralph E. Diseases of truck crops. CA Agr. Ext. Circ. 119, 1940. Smith, Ralph E. Diseases of fruits and nuts. CA Agr. Ext. Circ. 120, 1941. Snyder, W. C., and H. H. Hansen. The species concept in Fusarium. Amer. Jour. Bot. 27:64-67, 1940 and 32:657-665, 1945. Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 60:6-23, 1954. Sprague, Howard B., ed. Hunger Signs in Crops, 3rd ed. David McKay Co., Inc., New York, 1964. Sprague, Roderick. Diseases of Cereals and Grasses in North America. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1950. Stakman, E. C., and J. George Harrar. Principles of Plant Pathology. The Ronald Press Company, New York, 1957. Steiner, G. Plant nematodes the grower should know. FL Dept. Agr. Bull. 131, 1956. Spears, Joseph E The golden nematode handbook. U.S. Dept. Agric. Agricultural Handbook 353,1969. Stevens, E L. Plant Disease Fungi. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1925. Stevens, E L., and J. G. Hall. Diseases of Economic Plants. The Macmillan Company, New York, 1933. Stevens, N. E., and R. B. Stevens. Disease in Plants. Chronica Botanica Company, Waltham, MA, 1952. Streets, R. B. Phymatotrichum (cotton or Texas) root rot in Arizona. Univ. Arizona Tech. Bull. 71, 1937. Strong, E C. Nature and control of anthracnose of shade trees. Arborists News 22(5):33-39, 1957. Suit, R. E Parasitic diseases of citrus in Florida. FL Agr. Exp. Sta. Bull. 463, 1949. Tarjan, Armen C. Check List of Plant and Soil Nematodes. University of Florida Press, Gainesville, FL, 1960. Taylor, A. L., V. H. Dropkin, and G. C. Martin. Perineal patterns of root-knot nematodes. Phytopathology 45:26-34, 1955. Thorne, Gerald. Principles of Nematology. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1961. Thorne, Gerald. On the classification of the Tylenchida, new order (Nematoda, Phasmidia). Proc. Helm. Soc. WA 16:37-73, 1949. Torgenseon, D. C., Roy A. Young, and J. A. Milbrath. Phytophthora root rot diseases of Lawson cypress and other ornamentals. OR Exp. Sta. Bull. 537, 1954. Toussoun, T. A., and P. E. Nelson. A Pictorial Guide to the Identification of Fusarium Species. The Pennsylvania State Univ. Press, University Park and London, 1968. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Trees. The Yearbook of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1949. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Plant Diseases. The Yearbook of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1954. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Soil. The Yearbook of Agriculture, Washington, DC, 1957. 898 • Selected Bibliography

U.S. Department of Agriculture. Index of Plant Diseases in the United States Agricul• ture Handbook 165, 1960. U.S. Department of Agriculture.Index of Plant Virus Diseases Agriculture Handbook 307, 1966. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Virus Diseases and Other Disorders with Virus-like Symptoms of Stone Fruits in North America Agriculture Handbook 10,1951. U.S. Department of Agriculture. Power sprayers and dusters. Farmers Bull. 2223, 1966. Walker, John Charles. Diseases of Vegetable Crops. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1952. Walker, John Charles. Plant Pathology, 2nd ed. McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc., New York, 1957. Walker, J. C., and R. H. Larson. Onion diseases. U.S. Dept. Agr. Agriculture Hand• book 208, 1961. Weiss, Freeman. Ovulinia, a new generic segregate from Sclerotinia. Phytopathology 30:236-244, 1940. Weiss, Freeman. Viruses described primarily on leguminous vegetables and forage crops. Plant Disease Reporter Suppl. 155:82-140, 1945. Weiss, Freeman. Viruses, virus diseases and similar maladies on potatoes, Solanum tuberosum. Plant Disease Reporter. Suppl. 155:82-140, 1945. Welch, D. S., and J. G. Matthysse. Control of the Dutch elm disease in New York State. Cornell Ext. Bull. 932, 1955. Westcott, Cynthia. Garden Enemies. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ, 1953. Westcott, Cynthia. Are You Your Garden's Worst Pest? Doubleday and Company, Inc., New York, 1961. Westcott, Cynthia. The Gardener's Bug Book, 3rd ed. Doubleday and Company, Inc., New York, 1964. Westcott, Cynthia. Anyone Can Grow Roses, 4th ed. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., Princeton, NJ. 1965. Westcott, Cynthia, and Jerry T. Walker, eds. Handbook on Garden Pests. Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, NY, 1966. Whetzel, H. H. A synopsis of the genera and species of the Sclerotiniaceae, a family of stromatic inoperculate Discomycetes. Mycologia 37:648-714, 1945. Wolf, Frederick A., and Frederick T. Wolf. The Fungi, vols. I, II. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1947. Zaumeyer, W. J., and H. Rex Thomas. Bean diseases and their control. U.S. Dept. Agr. Farmers Bull. 1692,1958. Zundel, George L. The Ustilaginales of the world. Dept. Botany, Penn State College Contrib. 176, 1953.

Remember that the references cited are a mere sampling of the vast amount of material published on plant diseases. Most plant pathologists will have access to the Plant Disease Reporter, Plant Disease, Phytopathology, Review of Applied Mycology, Mycologia, Biological Abstracts, Journal of Economic Entomology, Agricultural Chemicals, NAC News, Arborists' News, Proceed• ings of the International Shade Tree Conference, and other technical publications. Gardeners will find information on plant diseases in the publications of single plant societies, such as the American Camellia Society and the American Rose Society. State agricultural experiment stations have a wealth of material. Government publications are available from the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. Index

This is a selective index. It includes common and Latin names of the host plants in Chapter 4, common names of the diseases described in Chapter 3 and Latin names of their pathogens. Entries under plant names are chiefly for providing cross references to disease names and are not to be construed as providing a complete checklist of the diseases of each plant. For that, the host section itself must suffice. Orders and families given in Chapter 2 are indexed, and genera described in Chapter 3. Chemicals listed in Chapter 1 are indexed but not their use in control of specific diseases. Boldface type indicates illustrations.

A7 Vapam, 41 Actinidia, 699 downy mildew, 233 AA tack, 10 Actinomeris, 520-521 Agrimycin, 11, 40 Aaterra, 10 Actinomyces ipomoea, 418 Agristrep 11, 40 Abelia, 519 scabies, 454-455 Agrisol 5, 11 leaf spot, 255 Actinopelte dryina, 249 Agritol, 40 Abies, 645-647 Actinothyrium gloeo- Agrobacterium, 98 canker, 201, 202 sporioides, 249 gypsophilae, 107 Abronia, 806 Actispray, 11 rhizogenes, 98 Abutilon, 519 Adams-needle, 871-872 rubi, 98 infectious variegation, 475 Adders-Tongue, 636 tumefaciens, 98-100 leaf spot, 255-283 Adelopus gaumannii, 301-302 Agrostemma, 608 mosaic, 475 Adiantum, 642 Agrostis, 665-667 AC5223, 10 Adoxa, 521, 736 Agrox Strep, 11, 40 Acacia, 519-520,687 Aecidium, 423 Agrox 2-Way, 11 twig canker, 208 avocense, 423 Agrox 3-Way, 11 Acalypha, 520 conspersum, 423 Ailanthus, 523 downy mildew, 235 rubromaculans, 423 black mildew, 129 Acanthopanax, 520 yuccae, 442 twig blight, 157 Acanthorhynchus vaccinii, 362 Aerosol bomb, 53 twig canker, 207, 213-214 Acarelti, 10 Aeschynanthus, 710 Airone, 11 Acareltiforte, 10 Aesculus, 685 Air pollution, 334-335 Acer, 720-722 Aesehynanthus, 521 Ajuga, 567 negundo,562 African daisy, 521 Akzo, 11 Acetic acid, 10 African lily, 522 Alaska yellow-cedar, 588 Achillea, 870 African violet, 521-522 Albizzia julibrissin, 728 Achimenes, 520 Botrytis on, 142 lebbek, 703 Achlyogetonaceae, 63 ring spot, 344 Albuginaceae, 65 Achlys, 855 Afugan, 11 Albugo, 500 Achras, 807 Agapanthus, 522 bliti, 501 Achrotelium lucumae, 423 Agaricaceae, 73,76 candida, 501 Acidity, excess, 334 Agaricales, 75-76 ipomoeae-panduratae, 501 Aconite, 731 Agaricus campestris, 238 occidentalis, 501 Aconitum, 731 Agastache, 522 platensis, 501 Acorus, 836 downy mildew, 233 portulacae, 501 Acquinites, 11 Agave, 587 tragopogonis, 501 Acrex, 10 Ageratum, 522 Alder, 523-524 Acrospermaceae, 69 Aglaonema, 593 bark patch, 223 Actaea, 548 Agrimonia, 522 canker, 217 Actidione, 10-11 Agrimony, 522 catkin hypertrophy, 245

899 900 • Index

Alder (cont.) solani, 137-138, 363 Anguina, 309 leaf curl, 245 sonchi, 250 agrostis, 309 powdery mildew, 352 tagetica, 138, 250 balsamophila, 309 Aletris, 828 tenuis, 185,187,250 graminis, 309 Aleurites, 851-85 2 tenuissima, 187, 250 tritici, 309 Aleurodiscus, 192 tomato, 250-251 Angular leaf spot, of bean, acerina, 192 violae, 138 272 amorphus, 192 zinniae, 138, 363 of grapes, 2 77 oakesii, 192 Alternaria blights, 135-138 Anise, 529-530 Alfalfa, 230 Althaea, 681 Anise-tree, 5 30 dodders, 230 Aluminum plant, 539 black mildew, 130 downy mildew, 234 blight, 179 Anisomycin, 11 dwarf, 476 Aluminum toxicity, 335 Annato-tree, 557 mosaic, 476 Alum-root, 677-678 Annellophora phoenicis, 251 Algal spot, 253 Alyssum, 526 Annona, 589 Alkali injury, 335 Amaranthus, 526 Anoda, 530 Alkalinity, 335 Amaryllis, 526 Antennaria, 638-639 Alkanet, 528 Botrytis on, 142 Anthemis, 576-577 Allamanda, 524 leaf spot, 266 Anther smut of carnation, Allionia, 524 red blotch (fire), 247 467 Allisan, 11 Amazon-lily, 637 Anthracnose, 87-98. See also Allium ascalonicum, 812 Ambrosia, 791 Spot anthracnose cepa, 745-746 Amelanchier, 527 apple, 97 sativum, 652 canker, 213-214, 217 aspidistra and hosta, 91 schoenoprasum, 595 American dagger nematode, azalea, 92 Allophylaria, 281 331 bean, 90-91 Allspice, 524 American holly, 680-681 butterfly-flower, 91 Almond, 524-525 American ipecac, 656 cactus, 96-97 bud failure, 476 American spikenard, 535 cereal, 89 calico,476 American sycamore, 776-777 citrus, 92 flowering, 525 Amerosporae, 77 currant, 97-98 pruning wound canker, 221 Amerosporium trichelium, 251 daylilies, 90 scab, 452 Ammonium sulfate, 11 Dolichos, 89 trunk canker, 219-220 Amobam, 11 eggplant, 92 Alnus, 523-524 Amorpha, 527,690 fern, 95 Aloe, 525 Ampelanus, 806 foxglove, 89 Alternanthera, 525-526 Ampelopsis aconitifolia, 731 hickory, 95 Alternaria, 135, 136 arborea, 767 hollyhock,91 alternata, 136,247,362 cordata, 527-528 hosta, 91 brassicae, 249-250 Amphisphaeriaceae, 71 lettuce, 96 brassicicola, 249-250 Amphobotrys ricini, 19 2 lime, 92 cassiae, 136 Amsonia, 528 linden, 96 catalpae, 250 Ananas, 775 maple,92 citri, 250, 362-363 Anaphalis, 528 melon,90 cucumerina, 136 Anarcardium, 582 northwestern apple, 97 dauci, 136-137 Anchusa, 528 oak,93,93,96 dianthi, 137 Andromeda, 528 orchid, 89 fasciculata, 250 Andropogon, 561 pea, 91 helanthi, 137 Androsace, 797 peach, 94 longipes, 250 Anemone, cultivated, 528-529 peony, 94 mali, 363 Botrytis on, 142 pepper, 93 oleracea, 250 downy mildew, 235 potato, 88 panax,137,250 leaf gall, 243 privet, 94 passiflorae, 250 leaf spot, 263 raspberry, 92 polypodii, 250 native, 529 rhubarb, 89 porri, 187 Anemonella, 802 snapdragon, 88 radicina, 363 Anethum, 624 spinach, 91 raphani, 250 Angelica, 529 stem, 91 rot of citrus, 362-363 Angiospora, 423 strawberry, 89 Index • 901

sweet pea, 94 Nectria canker, 214-215 Arctostaphylos, 720 sycamore, 95 perennial canker, 215-216 uva-ursi, 552-553 tomato, 95 powdery mildew, 358 Arctotheca calendula, 579 tulip, 93-94 rot, 111 Arctotis, 521,537 turnip, 89-90 scab,455-457,456,457 Arctous, 557 violet and pansy, 92 Color Plate 6F Ardisia, 537 walnut, 95-96 scald, 345 Arecastrum, 751 Anthurium, 530 stem-pitting, 476 Arenaria, 806-807 Anthyllis, 699 storage rot, 398 Arenga, 752 Antibiotic, 7 trunk canker, 219-220 Argemone, 786 Antidesma, 530 twig canker, 199, 208 Argyreia, 537 Antirrhinum, 816 white root rot, 374 Arisaema, 694 Antracol, 11 wood rot and decline, Aristastoma oeconomicum, Apadodine, 11 388 251 Aphanomyces, 363 Apple-of-Peru, 533 Aristolochia, 629 cladogamus, 363 Apricot, 534-535 Arizona purple top wilt, 124 cochlioides, 363 dieback, 207,213-214 Armeria, 537 euteiches, 363-364 gummosis, 476 Armillaria mellea, 364-366, raphani, 364 ring pox, 476 365 Aphelandra, 530, 872 trunk canker, 219-220 Armoracia, 686 Aphelenchoides besseyi, Aquathanatephorus pendulus, Arnica, 537-538 309-310 180 Aronia, 595 fragariae, 310-311 Aquatic plants, 535 Arrow-arum, 538 olesistus, 310-311 Aquilegia, 605 leaf spot, 280 oryzae, 310 Arabian-tea, 584 Arrowhead, 538 parietinus, 311 Arabis, 535 Arrowleaf, 622 ribes, 311 Arachis, 759-760 Arrowroot, 538 ritzema-bosi, 311,312 Aralia, 535-536 Arsenical injury, 335 subtenuis, 312 scab, 474 Artemisia, 538, 803-804 Apioporthe, 193 Aralia cordata, 536, 854 downy mildew, 233 anomala, 193 5-leaf, 520 Artichoke, globe, 539 apiospora, 193 hispida, 536 curly dwarf, 476 Apiosporina collinsii, 130 nudicaulis, 536 Jerusalem, 539 Apium graveolens, 585-586 racemosa, 536 Artillery plant, 539 APL-luster, 11 spinosa, 535, 677 blight, 179 Aplopsora nyssae, 423 Arasan, 11 Aruncus, 659 Apocynum, 625 Araucaria, 536 Arundo, 539-540 Apple, 530-533 branch blight, 150 Asarum, 656 anthracnose, 97 Arborvitae, 536-537 Asclepias, 568 bitter pit, 335 blight (fire), 148 Ascochyta, 138, 252 bitter rot, 384 Botrytis on, 142 abelmoschi, 251 black pox, 238 Coryneum blight, 150 althaeina, 252 black root rot, 421 leaf blight, 154-155 armoraciae, 252 black rot, 173,401 Arbotect, 11 asparagina, 138 blister spot, 114 Arbutus menziesii, 716 aspidistrae, 25 2 blotch, 190 canker, 209 asteris, 252 canker, 208,209-210,213, leaf spot, 262 blight, 253 213-214,217,218, unedo,832 boltshauseri, 252 225 Arceuthobium, 298 brachypodii, 252 Cedar-apple rust americanum, 299 cheiranthi, 252 Color Plate 2C, 20 campylopodium, 299 chrysanthemi, 138 cork, 338, 340 cyanocarpum, 299 clematidina, 252-253 dapple apple, 476 douglasii, 299 compositarum, 253 fisheye rot, 373 occidentale, 299 cornicola, 253 fly speck, 238, 239 pusillum, 299 cypripedii, 253 green mottle, 476 tsugense, 299 juglandis, 253 hairy root 98 vaginatum subsp. crypto• Iycopersici, 25 3 leaf spot, 2 72 podum, 299 phaseolorum, 253 mosaic, 476 Arceuthobium subsp., 730 piniperda, 138 902 • Index

Ascochyta (cont.) Asterina, 128 Babys-breath, 670 pinodelia, 138-139,366 anomala, 128 Bachelors-button, 587 pinodes, 138-139 delitescens, 128 Bacillus thuringiensis, 13 pisi, 138-139,253 diplopoides, 128 polymyxa, 100 rabiei, 165 gaultherae, 128 Bacterial blight, of bean, 120 Ascocorticiaceae, 72 lepidigena, 128 bird's-nest fern, 109, 110 Ascoideaceae, 68 orbicularis, 128 carrot, 118 Ascomycetes, 67-73 Asterinella, 128 celery, 110 reproduction in, 67 puiggarii, 128 chrysanthemum, 107 Ascospora ruborum, 193 Asteroma, 253 garden stocks, 119 Ascyrum, 804 garretianum, 253 gladiolus, 119 Ash, 540-541 solidaginis, 253 mulberry, 113-114 black mildew, 129 tenerrimum, 253 pea, 115 canker, 202, 204, 206, Asteromella lupini, 253 poppy, 120 213-214 Astilbe, 544 soybean, 113 leaf spot, 269,274,278 Atamasco-lily, 872 Bacterial canker ring spot, 4 7 6 Athyrium, 641 of ground and Jerusalem rust, 448 Atichiaceae, 69 cherry, 101-102 witches' broom, 4 7 6 Atlantic white cedar, 588 of poinsettia, 10 2 Ash, Moraine, 541 Atlas cedar, 585 of stone fruits, 114 Ashy stem blight, 164, 183, Atomizer sprayer, 53 Bacterial diseases, 98-121 389-390 Atriplex, 805-806 canker of tomato, 101 Asimina, 756 Atropellis, 19 3 crown gall, 98-100,99 Asparagus asparagoides, 542 apiculata, 19 3 fire blight, 103-105 officinalis, 541 arizonica, 193 gall or knot of oleander, plumosus, 541-542 pinicola, 193 115-116 sprengeri, 542 piniphila, 193 knot of olive, 115 Asparagus crown rot, 397 tingens, 193-194 leaf blight of bird's-nest Fusarium wilt, 507 Aucuba, 543 fern, 110 rust, 442-443 leaf spot, 268, 281, 283 leaf spot, of barberry, 109 virus 1, 476 Aules, 12 crucifers, 110-111 Asparagus fern, 541-542 Auriculariaceae, 7 4 dracaena, 107 stem blight, 138 Australian-pine, 583 English ivy, 119 Aspen, 781-782 Autumn crocus, 544 geranium, 118, 120 canker, 202,206,211 Avens, 655 gloxinia, 109 Nectria canker, 214-215 Avicol, 12 poinsettia, 102 sooty bark canker, 19 5 Avocado, 544-545 primrose, 111-112 Aspergillus, 366 black mildew, 129 sesame, 112 alliaceus, 366 blotch, 188 sunflower, 113 niger, 367 decline, 327-328 velvet bean, 112 var. floridanus, 367 Dothiorella rot, 367 viburnum, 116 Asphyxiation, 344 root rot, 402 zinnia, 120 Aspidistra, 542 scab, 474 necrosis of giant cactus, anthracnose, 91 sun blotch, 476-477 105 leaf blight, 163 verticillium wilt, 511-515 pustule of soybean, 118 leaf spot, 252 Award, 12 ring rot of potato, 102 Asplenium, 640 Awl nematode, 316 rot of chicory, 110 Aspor, 12 Azalea, 545-546 speck of tomato, 115 Aster, China, 542-543 anthracnose, 92 spot, of carnation, 116 perennial, 54 3 bud and twig blight, 146-147 beets, 112-113 Botrytis, 142 flower spot, 165-168 cucurbits, 118 downy mildew, 232 leaf gall, 240, 241 grasses, 109 gray mold, 141-143 leaf scorch, 247 nasturtium, 112-113 leaf spot, 252, 294 petal blight, 166-168 pepper, 121 ring spot, 476 shoot blight, 164,174 stone fruits, 120-121 rust, 425 tar spot, 276 tomato, 121 wilt, 507 Azara, 546 stripe of corn, 109 yellows, 121 wilt, of bean, 101 Color Plate 3B Babiana, 546 carnation, 109-110 Asteridiella, 129 Baby blue-eyes, 739 corn, 108 Index • 903

cucurbits, 108-109 Basil-weed, 602 bleeding canker, 219-220 lettuce, 121 Basketflower, 587 Nectria canker, 214-215 Bactericides, 7, 40-41 Basket-grass, 7 46 Beet, 553-554 Bacticin, 4 0 Basket-willow, 7 48 bacterial spot, 112-113 Baeodromus, 423 Basswood, 708-709 black heart, 335, 337, 340 californicus, 423 Bauhinia, 549 curly top, 477-478 eupatorli, 423 Bavistin, 12 dodder, 230 Balansia cyperi, 139 Bay 25141, 42 downy mildew, 234 Bald cypress, 546-547 Bay4631, 12 latent virus, 478 Baldhead of bean, 335 Bay 47531, 12 leaf spot, 255-256 Baldwin spot of apple, 335 Bay 49854, 12 mosaic, 478 Balloon-flower, 777 Bay572, 12 Phoma rot, 399 Balm, 547 Bay 68138,42 pseudo-yellows, 478 Balsam-apple, 547 Bay 70143,42 Rhizoctonia dry rot, 396 Balsam fir, butt rot, 406 Bay SRA3886, 42 ring mottle, 478 canker, 192, 203 Bayberry, 549 rust, 450-451 needle blight, 170,179-180 yellows, 477 savoy, 478 needle cast, 302, 304 Bayclean, 40 yellow net, 478 Balsamorhiza, 547 Baycor, 12 yellows, 478 Balsam-pear, 547 Bayleton, 12 Begonia, 554-555 Balsam-root, 547 Bean, adzuki, 549 bacteriosis, 117 Bamboo, 547 asparagus (yardlong), Botrytis on, 141-143 Bambusa, 547 549-550 leaf blight nematode, 312 Banana, dwarf, 548 kidney, 550-552 mildew, 356 Baneberry, 548 mung, 552 Color Plate 50 Banol Turf Fungicide, 12 scarlet runner, 552 Beincasa, 594 Banrot, 12 tepary, 552 Belamcanda, 558 Baptisia, 54 8 urd, 552 Bellflower, 577 Barbarea, 868 Bean diseases, 550-552 Bellis, 634 Barberry, 548-549 angular leaf spot, 272 Bells-of-Ireland, 555 bacterial leaf spot, 109 anthracnose, 90-91 Bellwort, 854 Bardac, 12 bacterial blight, 120 Belonolaimus, 312 Bark canker, of balsam firs, bacterial wilt, 101 gracilis, 313 216 baldhead, 335 longicaudatus, 313 of cypress, 198-199 cottony rot, 415 Benincasa, 594 of Douglas-firs, 196-197 downy mildew of lima, Beniowskia sphaeroidea, Nectria beech, 214 234-235 139 superficiaL 217 dry root rot, 383 Benlate, 12 Bark patch, 192,223 halo blight, 114-115 Benomyl, 12 ofoak,192 leaf spot, 252, 253 Bentgrass, 665-667 Barley yellow dwarf virus, mosaic, 477 leaf blight, 179 477 pod motte!, 477 Bentonite, 12 Barquat compounds, 12, 40 phyllody, 121 Benzalkonium chloride, 40 Barquat MB-50, 40 rust, 451 Benzimidazoles, 12 Barquat MB-80, 40 southern mosaic, 477 Berberis, 548-549 Barren-strawberry, 549 yellow dot, 476 Berchemia, 794 Basal canker of maple, 221 yellow mosaic, 477 Bermuda grass, 665-667 Basal rot, of iris, 381 yellow stipple, 477 downy mildew, 237 lily, 382 zonate leaf spot, 251 leaf blotch, 2 70 narcissus, 382 Bearberry, 552-553 Beta vulgaris, 553-554 onion, 381 black mildew, 128 var. cicla, 840 tulip, 381 shoot hypertrophy, 240 Betony, 827 Basamid Granular, 41 Beard-tongue, 7 64 Betula, 556 BASF-Maneb Spritzpulver, 12 Beauty-berry, 575 Bidens, 555 Basfungin, 12 Beauty-bush, 553 mottle, 478 Basidiomycetes, 73-76 Bedstraw, 651 Bifusella, 302, 302 reproduction in, 73 Bee-balm, 730-731 abietis, 302 Basidiophora, 231, 231 Beech, 553 faullii, 302 entospora, 232 bark canker, 213-214, linearis, 303 Basil, 549 214 saccata, 303 904 • Index

Bignonia, 555 Black knot, of plum and cherry, Black scorch, 246 black mildew, 129, 130 124-126, 125 Black scurf, of potato, 396, 411 Bilberry, 865 of goldenrod and sunflower, of goldenrod, 253 Binapacryl, 12 126 Black spot Bioguard, 13 Black leaf speck of geranium, cactus, 265-266 Bioquin 1, 13 295 delphinium, 113 Biotroi-Pius, 13 Black leaf spot, of crucifers, elm, 269 Biotrol VHZ, 13 249-250 erythronium, 253 Biotrol XK, 13 of peas, 267 eugenia, 128 Birch, 556 of poplar, 258 goldenrod, 253 anthracnose, 268 Black leg, of crucifers, 12 7 holly, 128, 276 brown leaf spot, 263 of delphinium, 106 leucothoe, 128 canker, 209-210,213-214, of potato, 106 primrose, 253 219-220 Black medic, 725 raspberry, 295 leaf blister, 244, 245 Black mildew, 127-130 redbay, 128 leaf rust, 438 ailanthus, 129 Blackspot of rose, 130-135, Nectria canker, 214-215 anise-tree, 130 132,133 Bird-of-Paradise, 556 ash, 129 Color Plate 60 root and seed rot, 383 avocado,l29 control of, 133 Bird's-nest fern, 640 bamboo, 130 Bladdernut, 827 bacterial leaf blight, 110 bearberry, 128 twig blight, 151, 161 fungi, 238 bignonia, 129, 130 Bladder-senna, 558 Bischofia, 556 blueberry, 130 Blasting, 335 Biscuit-root, 712 boxelder, 129, 130 Blastocladiales, 63 Bishops-cap, 556-557 cactus, 130 Blazing star, 726 Bitterbush, 683 California-laurel, 128 Bleeding canker, 219-220 Bitter pit of apple, 335 callicarpa, 130 Bleeding-heart, 558 Bitterroot, 705 camellia, 130 Bleeding-heart vine, 559 Bitter rot, of apple, 384 chinaberry, 130 Blephilia, 559 cranberry, 385 firs, 129 Blessed thistle, 844 grapes, 390 holly, 130 Blight(s), 135-185 Bittersweet, 557, 695 juniper, 128 Alternaria, of carrot, Bixa, 557 lantana, 130 136-137 Blackhead, 776 lippia, 130 carnation, 137 Black bearberry, 557 lyonia, 128 cucurbits, 137 Blackberry, 557-558 magnolia, 129,130 ginseng, 13 7 cane blight, 159 oak,276 potato, 137-138 cane gall, 98 palmetto, 130 tomato, 137-138 canker, 194,207,208,211, redbay, 129, 130 violet and pansy, 138 213-214 sea-grape, 130 zinnia, 138 downy mildew, 234 swamp bay, 129 Araucaria branch, 150 dwarf, 478 wax-myrtle, 129, 130 arbor-vitae, 148; leaf, 148, dwarfing, 478 wintergreen, 130 150 leaf spot, 292-293 Black mold, of peach, 367 Ascochyta, of peas, 138-139 mosaic, 479 of rose, 300 ashy stem, 164, 183, 389-390 orange rust, 431 of spinach, 301 azalea petal, 166-168 short-cycle orange rust, Black patch of goldenrod and shoot, 164, 174 436-437 sunflower, 126 bacterial, of bean, 120 variegation, 4 79 Black pox of apple, 238 carrot, 118 yellow rust, 436 Black pustule of currant, 218 celery, 110 Blackberry-lily, 558 Black root, rot, 335 fern, 109,110 Black cane rot, 369-370 Black rot, of apple, 173,401 filbert, 118 Black cohosh, 597 bulbs, 416 gladiolus, 119 Black crown rot of celery, 369 carrot, 363 lilac, 114 Black dot disease of potato, 88 cranberry, 370 mulberry, 113-114 Black end of pear, 335 grapes, 385-386, 386 pea, 115 Black-eyed Susan, 801-802 wintercress, 116 poppy, 120 Black gum, 852 Black sage, 803 soybean, 113 Black heart, of beets, 335, Black salsify, 805 blossom, of squash, 149 337,340 Black scale rot of Easter lily, of stone fruits, 164, 390, of fruit trees, 510 372 392 Index • 905 blueberry twig, 154, 172; pear, 157 iris, 263-265 cane canker, 218 strawberry, 153 leaf, of grass, 191, 270 Botrytis, of dogwood, 142 sweetpotato, 173 lilac, 188 gladiolus, 144 trumpetvine, 148 pecan, 189-190 hyacinth, 144 yucca, 162 peony, 188 lily, 143-144 leaf and stem, of squash, potato leaf, 188 peony, 144-145 174 purple, of onion, 187 snowdrop, 144 leaf and twig, of holly, 17 4 sooty, 189 tulip, 145-146, 146 lilac, 114,174 Bluebells, 727 boxwood leaf, 162, 187; lima bean pod, 154 Blueberry, 559-560 tip, 171 limb, 150 black mildew, 130 Volutella, 226 marginal, of lettuce, 110 brown rot, 392 brown, of grass, 271 mulberry twig, 166 bud-proliferating gall, 242 brown felt, 160, 166 needle, 155, 156, 161 cane canker, 218 bud and twig, of azalea and nursery, 172 canker, 116 rhododendron, pea, 138-139, 165 double spot, 266 146-147 peach shoot, 150 gall,242 camellia flower, 170, Phomopsis, of eggplant, leaf spot (rot), 250, 285 181-182,183 154, 172 mildew, 356 cane, of brambles, 159 Phytophthora, of pepper, ring spots, 479 carnation collar, 136 174 rust, 448-449 cherry, 259-260 pine twig, 147 shoestring, 479 chestnut, 157 poplar shoot, 156 stunt, 124, 479 chrysanthemum, leaf, 183; raspberry cane, 159, 163 twig blight, 154, 172 petal, 162; ray, 138 spur, 155 witches' broom, 448 citrus, 179 seedling, 18 6 Blue cohosh, 560 Coryneum, of arbor-vitae, silky thread, 180 Blue Curls, 560 150 snow, of conifers, 171 Blue-eyed grass, 560 of stone fruits, 150 southern, 169-170 leaf blight, 162 cyclamen, 159 soybean pod and stem, 154 Blue-eyed Mary, 604-605 Diaporthe, of larkspur, 153 spruce twig, 138 Bluegrass, 665-667 Dogwood, 142; twig, 151 stem, of asparagus fern, blister smut, 460 early, of carrot, 148 138 leaf spot, 292 celery, 147-148 phlox, 179 leaf rust, 44 7 potato and tomato, soybean, 154 Blue lace-flower, 560-561 137-138 spanish moss, 154 Blue-lips, 604-605 fire, 103-105 thread, 150, 168-169 Blue lobelia, 710-711 gladiolus flower, 151-152 tip, of conifers, 170 Blue mist-flower, 638 gray, on pines, 161, 303 crape myrtle, 17 3 Blue mold rot, of fruits, 397 gray mold, 141-143 dracaena, 173 of tobacco, 234 gummy stem, of cucurbits, fern, 173 Blue sage, 803 165 twig, 151, 156 Bluestem, 561 halo, of bean, 114-115 Volutella, 221 Blue toadflax, 708 hemlock needle, 155, 181 walnut, 119 Bluets, 686-687 inflorescence, of maple, 149 web, 150, 168 Boehmeria, 561 juniper, 172 wild rice, 18 3 Boerhaavia, 822 late, of celery, 183-184 Blindness, 335-336 Bog Rosemary, 526 potato and tomato, Color Blister canker, 216 Boisduvalia, 561 Plate 5C, 175-179, on osier, 199 Boletaceae, 76 176,177,178 Blister spot of apple, 114 Boltonia, 561 leaf, of aspidistra, 163 Blood-leaf, 691 Boneset, 638 corn, 159-160. Color Bloodroot, 559 Borage, 561 Plate 7F leaf spot, 285 Borago, 561 erythronium, 149 Blossom blight, 149,164, Borax, 13 fig,168 390,392 Bordeaux injury, 13-14, hackberry, 153 Blossom-end rot, 336,336 336 hawthorn,158,164 Blotch diseases, 18 7-191 Bordeaux mixture, 3-4, 13-14 lilac, 160 apple, 190 paint, 13 linden, 148 avocado, 188 wash, 13 parsley, 187 greasy, of carnation, 191 Bordeaux-oil emulsion, 13 parsnip, 162 horse-chestnut, 189 Bordocop, 14 906 • Index

Boron deficiency, 336-337 Nectria canker, 187,214, Brown bark spot of fruit toxicity, 337 215,221 trees, 337 Boston ivy, 693 root rot, 395 Brown canker of rose, leaf spot, 270 spiral nematode, 328 199-201,200 Botran, 14 tip blight, 171 Brown crumbly rot, 379,417 Botrilex, 14 twig canker, 208 Brown cubical rot, 373, 375 Botryobasidiurn, 396 Volutella blight, 226 Brown felt blight, 160, 166 Botryodiplodia, 139 Boysenberry, 563 Brown heart, 337 gallae, 194 Brachycornbe, 563 Brown leaf blotch of grass, theobrornae, 194 Brachypodiurn, 563 191,291 Botryosphaeria, 139 Brachysporiurn tomato, 368 Brown patch of turf, 396, 411 dothidea, 194,367 Bracken tar spot, 262 Brown pocket rot, 380, 386, obtusa, 194, 367 Bramble spot anthracnose, 389,417 ribis, 194,367 473 Brown rot, bacterial, 112 var. chrornogena, Branch and trunk canker of of citrus, 404 139-140,194 pine, 193 of stone fruits, 390-392, Botryosporiurn pulchrum, 300 Branch gall canker of poplar, 391 Botryotinia, 140 212 Color Plate BE convoluta, 367-368 Branched broornrape, 191-192 Brown spot, of celery, 254 fuckeliana, 140 Brand canker of rose, 197-198 corn, 285-286 polyblastis, 182-183 Brasenia, 865 orchids, 110 ricini, 140 Brassaia actinophylla, 809 passion flower, 250 squamosa, 368 Brassica chinensis, 593 tobacco, 250 Botrytis, 136, 140 juncea, 736-737 Brown stringy rot, 377-378 allii,368 oleracea, 569-570 Brown stripe of lawn grass, byssoidea, 368 pekinensis, 593 290 cinerea, 141-143,194,368 rapa, 852-853 Brown trunk rot, 379 douglasii, 143 Brassicol, 14 Brozone, 42 elliptica, 143-144 Bravo, 14 Brunfelsia, 565 galanthina, 144 Brernia lactucae, 231, 232 Brussels sprouts, 565,569-570 gladiolorurn, 144, 368 Brestan, 14 Bryonopsis, 565 hyacinthi, 144 Brestanid, 14 Bubakia erythroxylonis, 423 narcissicola, 144 Brickellia, 563-564 Buckloe, 567 paeoniae, 144-145 Brickle-bush, 563-564 Buckeye, 565,685 polyblastis, 145 Brifur, 42 leaf blister, 244 squamosa, 368 Briosia, 146 leaf blotch, 189 streptothrix, 145 azaleae, 146-147 Buckleya, 566 tulipae, 145-146, 146 Bristlegrass, 5 64 Buckthorn, 566 Botrytis blight Broadbean wilt virus, 479 Buckwheat-tree, 566 dogwood, 142 Broccoli, 564, 569-570 Bud and leaf nematode, 312 gladiolus, 144 Brodiaea, 564 Bud blast of peony, 144-145 hyacinth, 144 Brornegrass, 665-667 Buddleia, 566 lily, 143-144 Brorne grass mosaic, 479 Bud drop of sweetpea and peony, 144-145 Brornegrass, Smooth, 564 gardenia, 337 Color Plate SB Brornelia, 564 Bud gall, sweetleaf, 240 snowdrop, 144 leafspot, 270 Budrot of palms, 397, 404 tulip, 144-146, 146 Brornofurne, 14, 40, 42 Bud scorch, 246 Botrytis crown rot of iris, 367 Brom-O-Gas, 14, 40,42 Buffaloberry, 566-567 Bottle-brush, 561 Brorn-0-Gaz, 14, 42 Buffalograss, 567, 665-667 Bougainvillea, 561 Brornoethane, 14, 40,42 Bugbane, 597 blight, 177 Brornornethane, 42 false, 708 leaf spot, 256 Brom-O-Sol, 14-15,40, 42 Buginvillaea, 561 Bouvardia, 562 Brornus, 564 Bugleweed, 567 Bowstring-hemp, 807 Bronopol, 40 Bugloss, 528 Boxelder, 562 Brooks fruit spot, 239 Bulb nematode, stern and, black mildew, 129, 130 Broom, 564 315-316 Boxwood, 562-563 Spanish, 565 Burnelia, 56 7 dieback, 212, 214, 215 Broornrape(s), 191-192 Bunchberry, 625 leaf blight, 162, 187 Broussonetia, 565 Bunch disease, 500 leaf spot, 27 4 Browallia, 565 Bunchflower, 567 Index • 907

Bunch mold of grapes, 367 stem rot, 387 Callicarpa, 57 5 Bundleflower, 567 virux X, 479 Callirhoe, 782 Bunt, 463 Cactus, barrel, 571 Callistemon, 561 Bupirimate, 15 fishhook, 570-571 Callistephus, 542-543 Bupleurum, 844 giant, 571 Calluna, 674 Burcop, 15 bacterial necrosis of, 105 Calocedrus decurrens, 689 Burgundy mixture, 15 pincushion, 570-571 Calochortus, 723 Bur-marigold, 555 prickly-pear, 571 Calonectria crotalariae, 368, downy mildew, 235 saguaro, 571 375 Burnet, 567, 807 sea-urchin, 571 nivale, 467-468 Burning bush, 637 star, 571 Calonyction, 732 Burrillia decipiens, 460 Caddy, 15 Caltha, 723 Burrowing nematode, 327-328 Cadminate, 15 Calycanthus, 575 Bursaphelenchus lignicolus, Cadmium chloride, 15 Calyx-end rot of dates, 367 313 Cadmium sulfate, 15 Camass, 575 Busan 72A, 15 Cad-Trete, 15 Camassia, 575 Busan 1020,42 Caeoma, 424 Camellia, 576 Bush honeysuckle, 624 faulliana, 424 black mildew, 130 Bush-mallow, 718 torreyae, 424 Botrytis on, 142 Bush-pea, 843 Caesalpinia, 572, 621, 779 DDT injury, 338-339 Butter-and-eggs, 708 Cajanus, 772 dieback, 208 Butter-bur, 7 68 Caladium, 572 flower blight, 170,181-182, Buttercup, 791-792 soft rot, 140 183 Butterfly-bush, 566 tuber rot, 383 leaf gall, 240 Butterfly-flower, 568 Calathea, 572, 722 leaf spot, 281, 283,293 anthracnose, 91 leaf spot, 249 scab, 472 Butterfly-pea, 568 Calceolaria, 572 yellow mottle leaf, 479 Butterflyweed, 568 Calcium chloride injury, 337 Camomile, 576-577 Butternut, 861-862 Calcium deficiency, 337-338 Campanula, 577 dieback, 212-213 Calcium sulfide, 15 Camphor-tree, 577 Buttonbush, 568-569 Calendula, 572-573 dieback, 205 Butt rot of queen palms, Botrytis on, 142 scab, 471 384 leaf spot, 256 Campion, 714, 813 Buxus, 562-563 white smut, 460 Campsis, 849-850 Caliciopsis pine a, 195 Camptosorus, 643 Cabbage, 569-570 California-bluebell, 573 Canada bluegrass, 665-667 black leaf spot, 249-250 California dagger nematode, Canavalia,694 black leg, 127 329 Candleberry, 865 black ring spot, 479 California fuchsia, 8 72 Candlestick shrub, 577 black rot, 117 California-laurel, 57 3 Candlewood, 648,743 club root, 226-227 black mildew, 128 Candytuft, 578 cottony rot, 415 pin nematode, 325 Cane blight, of brambles, 159, cyst nematode, 318 California pepper-tree, 163 leaf spot, 250, 258 573-574 rose, 173 ring necrosis, 4 7 9 California pitcher-plant, 57 4 Cane gall of brambles, 98-100 yellows, 508 California poppy, 574 Cane-knot canker, 224 Cabbage, Chinese, 593 capsule spot, 272 Cane spot of raspberry, 19 3, Cabbage palm, 752 California-rose, 574 221 Cachexia, citrus, 483 California sessile nematode, Canistel, 713 Cacopaurus, 313 325 Canker(s), 192-226 epacris, 325 California sycamore, 776-777 apple, 213, 221, 225 pestis, 313 calixin, 15 ash, 202 Cactobrosis fernaldialis, 105 leaf spot, 294 bacterial, of stone fruits, Cactus, 570-571 Calla, 574-575 114 anthracnose, 96-97 leaf blight, 174 of tomato, 101-102 black mildew, 130 leaf spot, 257, 285 balsam fir, 192-222 black spot, 266 root rot, 403 basal, of maple, 221 cladode rot, 366 soft rot, 105-106 black rot, of tung, 219 cyst nematode, 318 Calla palustris, 575 bleeding, 219-220 scorch, 247 Calliandra, 575 blister, 199,216 908 • Index

Canker(s) (cont.) Cape-jasmine, 651-652 Carolina moonseed, 581 blueberry, 116, 218 Cape-marigold, 578-579 Carolina spiral nematode, 329 Botryosphaeria, 194 Caper,579 Carpene, 16 branch gall, of poplar, 212 Caperonia, 843 Carpinus, 684-685 camellia, 208 Capespurge,662,825 Carpobrotus, 689 citrus, 117-118 Capeweed, 579 Carrot, 581-582 Coryneum, of cypress, Capnodiaceae, 69 Alternaria blight, 136 198-199 Capnodium, 469 bacterial blight, 118 of rose, 209 citri, 469 bacterial soft-rot, 105-106 cowpea, 121 elongatum, 469 black rot, 363 crown,220 Capparis, 579 crown rot, 396 currant cane, 139-140 Capsella, 812 cyst nematode, 318 Cytospora, 202 Capsicum, 765-767 downy mildew, 235 Dothichiza, of poplar, 206 Capsule spot of California early blight, 148 Dothiorella, of oak, 206 poppy,272 leaf blight, 136-137 Douglas-fir, 196,203,218 Captafol, 15 mosaic, 477-478,480 Endothia, of chestnut, 155 Captan, 15 motley dwarf, 480 European Nectria, 214-215 Capthion, 15 powdery mildew, 354-355 gardenia, 217-218 Caragana, 762-763 storage rot, 369,413 honey locust, 224 Caraway, 579 Carrot, Wild, 582 Hymenochaete, 209-210 Carbam, 15 Carthamus, 803 Hypoxylon, of poplar, 211 Carbamate, 16 Carum,579 larch,203 Carbendazin, 16 Carya, 678-679 London plane, 195-196 Carbon disufide, 16 illinoensis, 763-764 madrone, 209 Carboxin, 16 Caryota, 751 magnolia, 215 Cardinal-flower, 710-711 Casein, 16 Nectria, of boxwood, 226 Cardoon, 579 Cashew,582 of beech, 214 Carduus, 814 Cassabana, 582 perennial, of apple, 215-216 Carica, 754 Cassabra, 725-726 ofpeach,225 Carissa, 579-580 Cassandra, 588 Phomopsis, 217-218 canker, 223 Cassava, 719-720 pine, 195 gall,242 Cassia, 577,583 poplar, 279 Carnation, 580-581 Cassiope, 583 rose, brand, 197-198 anther smut, 467 Castanea, 591-592 brown, 199-201 bacterial spot, 116 Castanopsis, 594 common, 197 bacterial wilt, 109-110 Castilleja, 7 50 Coryneum, 209 Botrytis on, 142 Castor-bean, 583 crown, 201-202 bud rot, 382 gray mold blight, 140 graft, 197 collar blight, 136 stem canker, 192 sooty bark, 195 downy mildew, 233 stem gall, 243 Sphaeropsis, 218-219,223 etched ring, 479 Casuarina, 583 Strumella, of oak and elm, fairy ring spot, 272 Catalina cherry, 583 224 Fusarium wilt, 508 Catalpa, 584 sycamore, 195-196 greasy blotch, 191 leaf spot, 250, 283 trunk, of apple, 220 latent disease, 479 Catchfly, 813 twig, of apple, 199 leaf mold, 272 Catenularia fuliginea, 369 elm, 193 mosaic,479 Catface fruit deformity, 338 hazelnut, 193 mottle, 47:9 Catha, 584 peach,208 necrotic fleck, 479 Catkin hypertrophy of alder, walnut,212 pimple, 120 245 willow, 219,225 pin nematode, 325 Catnip,584 Canna,578 ring spot, 480 Cats-claw, 584, 776 mosaic, 479 rust, 451 Cat-tail, 585 Cannabis, 676 stem rot, 382 Cattleya blossom brown Cantaloupe, 578, 725-726 streak, 480 necrotic streak, 489 Canterbury bells, 577 yellows, 480,508 mosaic,489 Caocobre, 15 Carnegiea gigantea, 5 71 wilt, 508 Cape-cowslip, 578 Carob, 581 Cauliflower, 569-570 Cape-dandelion, 579 Carolina allspice, 575 head browning, 249-250 Cape-honeysuckle, 578 Carolina jessamine, 581 mosaic,480 Index • 909

Caulophyllum, 560 paradoxa, 246 symphoricarpi, 258 Ceanothus, 585 platani, 195-196 thujina, 148 Cedar, 585 ulmi, 503-506, 505 Cercosporella, 252, 258 blight, 172, 211 wageneri, 370 brassicae, 255, 258 Cedar-apple rust, 434-435 Ceratonia, 581 pastinacae, 287 Color Plate 2C, 20 Ceratostomataceae, 70 Cereal anthracnose, 89 CedarofLebanon,585 Ceratostomella, 195 downy mildew, 237 Cedrus, 585 paradoxa, 246 powdery mildew, 354 Cela W524, 16 ulmi, 503-506,505 stem rot, 382 Celandine, 585 Cercidium, 753 Cereus, 570 Celastrus, 557 Cercis, 794 Cerotelium, 424 Celeriac, 585-586 Cercobin, 16 dicentrae, 424 Celery, 585-586 Cercobin M, 16 fici, 424 bacterial blight, 110 Cercocarpus, 735 Cestrum, 587 bacterial soft rot, 105-106 Cercospora, 136,147 bacterial canker, 101-102 black crown rot, 369 abeliae, 255 Ceuthospora lunata, 370 brown spot, 254 abelmoschi, 255 CGA 38140, 16 calico,480 albo-maculans, 255 CGA 48988, 16 cracked stem, 338 althaeina, 255 CGA 71818, 16 early blight, 147-148 angulata, 255 Chaenomeles, 790 late blight, 183-184 apii, 147-148 Chaerophyllum, 588 mosaic, 480 aquilegiae, 255 Chaetomiaceae, 70 Phoma root rot, 399 arachidicola, 255,277 Chalara quercinum, 503 pink rot, 415 armoraciae, 255 Chalaropsis thielavioides, 300, pin nematode, 325 beticola, 255-256 370 Rhizoctonia disease, 396 bolleana,277 Chamaecyparis, 588 wilt, 507 bougainvilleae, 256 Chamaedaphne, 588 yellows, 121-122 brunkii, 256 Chamaedorea, 750 yellow spot, 480 calendulae, 256 Chambers dagger nematode, Celfume, 16, 42 cannabina, 256 331 Celosia, 603 cannabis, 256 Charcoal rot, 389-390,411 Celtis, 670 capsid, 256 Chard blue mold, 233 Celtuce, 586 carotae, 148 Char spot of grass, 290 Cenangium, 147 cercidiocola, 278 Chaste-tree, 860 ferruginosum, 147 circumscissa, 256 Chayote, 588-589 piniphilum, 193 citrullina, 256 Checkerberry, 652, 868 singulare, 195 concors, 188, 256 Checker mallow, 589 Centaurea, 587 cornicola, 256 Cheiranthus, 860 Centipede grass, 587 cruenta, 278 Chelidonium, 585 Centranthus, 855 fusca, 256-257 Chelone, 853 Centrosema, 568 halstedii, 189-190 Chern Bam, 16 Centrospora acerina, 369 lathyrina, 257 Chemicals, list of, 10 Century plant, 587 lythracearum, 190,257 mixing of, 56-57 Botrytis on, 142 magnoliae, 257 Chern Neb, 16 leaf spot, 260-261 melongenae, 257 Chem-0-Bam, 16 Cephalanthus, 568-569 microsora, 148 Chemsect, 16 Cephaleuros virescens, 254 nandinae, 257 Chern zineb, 16 Cephalosporium, 254 personata, 257, 277 Chenopodium, 589 apii, 254 piaropi, 257 Cheiranthus, 860 carpogenum, 369 pittospiri, 257 Cherimoya, 589 cinnamomeum, 255 puderi, 257 Cherry, 589-590 dieffenbachiae, 255 punicae, 190 albino, 480 diospyri, 502 purpurea, 188 bacterial canker, 114 gregatum, 369 resedae, 25 7 bark splitting, 480 Cephalosporium wilt of elms, rhododendri, 257 black canker, 480 506-507 richardiaecola, 257 black knot, 124-126, 125 Cephalotaxus, 587 rosicola, 257-258,279 Blossom blight, 164 Ceratocystis, 195,502 smilacis, 25 8 buckskin, 480 fagacearum, 195,503 sojina, 258 bud abortion, 481 fimbriata, 369-370 sordida, 148 canker, 203, 204, 218 910 • Index

Cherry (cont.) Chinquapin, 594 stem rot, 383 chlorosis, 481 leaf blister, 244 stunt, 482 freckle fruit disease, 481 Chiogenes, 594 Color Plate 3A, 3E green ring mottle, 481 Chionanthus, 649 white rust, 446 gummosis, 481 Chionodoxa, 594 wilt, 508 leaf curl, 244 Chipco26019, 16 Chrysanthemum cinerarii- leaf spot (blight), 161,250, Chipco26019Flo, 16 folium, 788 259-260 Chipco Spot Kleen, 16 coccineum, 788 little cherry, 481 Chipco Thiram 75, 16 frutescens, 722 midleaf necrosis, 481 Chirita, 594 leucanthemum, 619 Mora, 481 Chives, 595 maximum, 812 mottle leaf, 481 Chloranil, 16 parthenium, 643 necrotic rusty mottle, 481 Chlorine injury, 338 segetum, 608 pink fruit, 481 Chloris gayana, 794 Chrysobalanus, 603 pinto leaf, 481 Chlorogalum, 595 Chrysomyxa, 424 powdery mildew, 358 Chloroneb, 16 arctostaphyli, 355 rasp leaf, 481 Chloro-0-Pic, 16 chiogenis, 424 ring spot, 481 Chloro-0-Pic 70, 16 empetri, 424 rough bark, 481 Chloropicrin, 17,42 ilicina, 424 rugose mosaic, 481 Chlorosis, 338, 342 ledi, 424 rusty mottle, 481 infectious, of rose, 494 var. cassandrae, 424 trunk canker, 219-220 Chlorothalonil, 17 var. groenlandici, 424 twig blight, 164 Chlorotic mottle, chrysanthe• var. rhododendri, 424 twisted leaf, 482 mum, 482 ledicola, 424 vein clearing, 482 Choanephora, 148 moneses, 424 witches' broom, 244 cucurbitarum, 149 piperiana, 425 yellows, 482 infundibulifera, 149 pirolata, 425 Cherry, flowering, 590-591; Choanephoraceae, 66 pyrolae, 425 oriental, 590-591 Chokeberry, 595 weirii, 425 Cherry, Japanese flowering, Chokecherry, 595-596 Chrysopsis, 597 591 Chondropoclium pseudotsugae, Chrysothamnus, 790 Cherry-laurel, 591-592 196-197 Chytridiaceae, 63 Chestnut, 591-592 Christie's spiral nematode, Chytridiales, 63 blight, 157 329 Ciboria, 149 dieback (canker), 199 stubby root nematode, 329 acerina, 149 mistletoe, 298 Christmasberry, 715, 771 carunculoides, 149 Chick-pea, 592 scab, 453 Ciborinia, 149 blight, 165 Christmas cactus, 596 bifrons, 258 filiforme, 480 root rot, 404 confundens, 259 Chickweed, 592 Christmas Rose, 596 erythronli, 149 Chicory, 592 leaf spot, 261 gracilis, 14 9 bacterial rot, 110 Chrysalidocarpus, 750 Cibotium, 643 Chili pepper wilt, 507 Chrysanthemum, 596-597 Cicer, 592 Chilopsis, 622 aspermy, 482, 498 Cichorium, 633-634 Chimaphila, 775 bacterial blight, 107, 110 Cierodendrin, 559 China aster, 542-543. See bacterial crown gall, 9 8-100 Cimicifuga, 597 also aster Color Plate 4C Cinchona,598 Chinaberry, 592-593 Botrytis on, 142 Cineraria, 598 Chinese cabbage, 593 chlorotic mottle, 482 mosaic, 482 damping-off, 364 Color Plate 3E Cinnamomum, 577 root rot, 364 flower distortion, 482 Cinnamomum zeylandicum, Chinese evergreen, 593 foliar nematode, 311, 312 598 Chinese hibiscus, 678 leaf blight, 183 Cinnamon-tree, 598 Chinese holly, 680-681 leaf spot, 263, 291 Cinnamon-vine, 870 Chinese lantern, 593-594 mosaic, 482 Cinquefoil, 7 85 Chinese-laurel, 530 petal blight, 162 Cintractia, 460 Chinese quince, 790 ray blight, 138 Cirsium, 598, 843 Chinese tallowtree, 594 ring spot, 482 Cissus, 598-599,767 Chinese waxgourd, 594 rosette, 4 8 2 Cistus, 797 Chinosol, 16,41 rust, 444 Citronella grass, 703 Index • 911

Citrullus, 863-864 humiferum, 101 Cocoa-plum, 603 Citrus, 599-600 michiganense, 101-102 Coconut palm, 751 anthracnose, 92 poinsettiae, 102 Cocos, 750 blast, 114 sepedonicum, 102 Cocoyam, 604 blight, 179 Clavicipitaceae, 70 Codiaeum, 612 blue contact mold, 397 Claytonia, 601 Codonanthe, 604 brown rot, 402-403,404 Clematis, 601-602 Coffee-berry, 604 canker, 118 leaf blight, 171 Cohosh, 548 dieback, 205 leaf spot, 263 Coix lachryma-jobi, 696 Diplodia rot, 401 leaf and stem spot, 252-253 Colchicum, 544 dodder, 230 Cleome, 602 Coleosporium, 425 exocortis, 482-483 Clerodendrin, 559 apocyanaceum,425 foot rot, 402-403 Clerodendron, 602 asterum, 425, 425 fruit rot, 384 zonate ring spot, 483 campanulae, 426 green mold, 397 Clethra, 602 croweliii, 426 leaf spot, 278 Cliffbrush, 694 delicatulum, 426 melanose, 376 Cliftonia, 566 elephantopodis, 426 mildew, 356-357 Climbing hempweed, 728 helianthi, 426 mottle leaf, 349 Clinopodium, 602 ipomoeae, 426 nematode, 329; ring, 314 Clintonia, 602-603 jonesii, 426 psorosis, 483 Clitocybe, 370 lacinariae, 426 quick decline, 483 monadelpha, 371 madiae, 426 scab, 471-472 root rot, 371-372 mentzeliae, 426 Color Plate 80 tabescens, 371-372 minutum, 426 Septoria spot, 291 Clitoria, 568 occidentale, 426 sooty mold, 469 Clivia, 603 pinicola, 426 sour rot, 395 Clockvine, 844 solidaginis, 425 spreading decline, 327-328 Clorto Caffaro, 17 sonchi, 426 stubborn disease, 483 Clorto Caffaro Flow, 17 terebinthinaceae, 426 tatter leaf, 483 Clortocof Ramato, 17 vernoniae, 426 tristeza, 483 Clortosip, 17 viburni, 426 twig blight, 157, 186 Cloudy spot of tomato, 394 Coleus, 604 vein enation, 483 Clover club leaf, 483 mosaic, 484 xyloporosis, 483 cyst nematode, 319 Collards, 604 yellow vein, 483 dodder, 230 Collar rot of rhododendron, Cladastris, 8 71 leaf spot, 287 403 Cladochytriaceae, 63 mosaic, 484 of tomato, 363 Cladode rot of cactus, 366 vein mosaic, 484 Colletotrichum, 88 Cladosporium, 188 wound tumor, 484 acutatum, 260 album, 301 Clove rot of garlic, 397 antirrhini, 88 beijerinckii, 150 Club root, 226-227 atramentarium, 88-89 bruneo-atrum, 452 Clypeosphaeriaceae, 71 bletiae, 89 carpophilum, 452 Cnicus, 844 capsici, 372 cerasi, 452 Coach-whip, 743 circinans, 372 coreopsidis, 452 Cobb's meadow nematode, coccodes, 260, 372 cucumerinum, 452 326 dematium f. sp. truncata, effusum, 452-453 ring nematode, 314 89,260 epiphyllum, 259 spiral nematode, 317 destructivum, 230 fulvum, 300 stubby root nematode, 329 elastica, 260 herbarum, 188, 301 Coccoloba, 603, 809 erumpens, 89 macrocarpum, 301 Coccomyces, 259 fragariae, 89 paeoniae, 188 hiemalis, 161, 259-260 fuscum, 89 pisicolum, 453 kerriae, 161, 260 gloeosporioides, 89, 94, Clarkia, 601 lutescens, 260 260 Clausena, 601 prunophorae, 260 graminicolum, 89 Clavariaceae, 76 Cocculus, 581 higginsianum, 89-90 Clavibacter, 101 Cochliobolus heterostrophus, lagenarium, 90 agropyri, 101 159 liliacearum, 90 fascians, 101 Cocklebur, 603 lilii, 372 flaccumfaciens, 101 Cockscomb, 603 lindemuthianum, 90-91 912 • Index

Colletotrichum (cont.) Copper compounds, 17-18 Comus canadensis, 625 malvarum, 91 Copper-Count-N, 18 florida, 625-626 nigrum, 372 Copper-Count-NS, 18 nuttalli, 626 omnivorum, 91 Copper deficiency, 338 Coronilla varia, 613 phomoides, 95 Copper-Fixed, 18 Corozate, 18 pisi, 91 Copper hydroxide, 18,41 Cortaderia, 753 schizanthi, 91 Copper injury, 338 Corticium, 149 spinaciae, 91 Color Plate 6C centrifugum, 373 truncatum, 91 Copper leaf, 520 fuciforme, 374 violae-tricoloris, 91 Copper-lime dust, 18 galactinum, 374 Collinsia, 604-605 Copper naphthenate, 18 koleroga, 150 Collinsonia, 605 Copper Nordox, 18 microsclerotia, 150,168 Collomia, 605 Copper oxides, 18 polygonia, 374 Collybia velutipes, 372 Copper oxychloride, 18 radiosum, 374 Colocasia, 632 Copper Power, 18 salmonicolor, 150 Coltsfoot, 605 Copper Pride, 18 stevensii, 150,168-169 Columbine, 605 Copper-Sandoz, 18 vagum, 150 leaf spot, 255 Copper spot of grass, 268, Corydalis, 608 Columbo, 606 288 Corylus, 673 Colutea, 558 Copper spray injury, 338 Corynebacterium. See Comac, 17 Copper sulfate, 18, 41,57 Clavibacter Comandra blister rust, 427 Coptis,662 Coryneliaceae, 69 Comes,76 Coral-bells, 606,677-678 Corynespora, 261 Compass plant, 813 Coralberry, 606 cassicola, 261 Compressed air sprayers, 54 Coral spot, 213-214 Coryneum, 150,196 Comptonia, 836 Cordaderia, 753 berckmanii, 150 Condalia, 827 Cordia, 606 cardinale, 198-199 Coneflower, 801-802 Cordyline terminalis, 844 carpophilum, 150 Confederate jasmine, 606 Coreopsis, 606-607 foliicola, 199 Confederate-rose, 678 Coriander, 607 microstictum, 150, 209 Conifers, brown felt blight of, Coriandrum, 607 Coryneum blight, of arbor• 160 Coriolis versicolor, 407-408 vitae, 150 leaf spot, 281 Cork of apple, 338 of stone fruits, 150 Phomopsis disease, 217 Corm rot, 368 Coryneum canker, of cypress, snow blight, 171 Com, 607-608 198-199 tip blight, 170 bacterial rot, 107 of rose, 209 Coniophora, 373 bacterial stripe, 109 Cosmos, 608-609 cerebella, 3 7 3 bacterial wilt, 108 Cotinus, 815 corrugis, 373 brown spot, 285-286 Cotoneaster, 609 Coniothyrium, 196,197 crown rot, 386 Cotton root-knot nematode, concentricum,260-261 cyst nematode, 319 324 diplodiella, 373 ear rot, 377, 384 Cotton root rot, 398-399 fuckelii, 163,197 head smut, 462 Cottonwood, 781-782 hellebori, 261 leaf blight, northern, 160 Coursetia, 609 pyrina,261 southern, 159-160 Covered kernel smut, 462 rosarum, 197 Color Plate 7F Covered smut, of barley, 464 wemsdorffiae, 197-198 leaf fleck, 484 of oats, 465 Conium,780 meadow nematode, 327 Cowania, 609 Convallaria, 708 mosaic, 484 Cow-parsnip, 676 Conversion table, 57 Nigrospora cob rot, 394 Cowpea,609 Convolvulus, 574 pink kernel rot, 380 blackeye mosaic, 479 Coontie, 872 root rot, 384 canker, 121 Cooperia, 791 rust, 448 chlorotic mottle, 484 Cop-0-Cide, 17 smut, 465-467 mosaic, 484 Copper acetate, 17 southern rust, 447 zonate leaf spot, 251 Copper ammonium carbonate, stunt, 122, 124 CP Basic Copper TS-53WP, 17 Comcockle, 608 18 Copper carbonate, basic, 17 Cornflower, 587 Crabapple, flowering, 610 Copper chloride, basic, 17 Com-marigold, 608 leaf spot, 272 Coppercide, 17 Com-salad, 855 mistletoe, 298 Index • 913

scab, 453-457 Crocanthemum, 650 Cryptomeria, 613 Color Plate 6F Crocus, 612 needleblight, 173 Cracked stem, 338 corm rot, 382 Cryptomyces maximum, 199 Crag Fungicide 974,42 Crocus, autumn, 544 Cryptomycina pteridis, 262 Crag Nematicide, 42 Cronartium, 426-427 Cryptonol, 18, 41 Crambe, 809-810 appalachianum, 427 Cryptospora, longispora, 151 Cranberry, 610-611 cerebrum, 428 Cryptosporella, 199 bitter rot, 385 coleosporioides, 427 umbrina, 199-201,200 black rot, 370 comandrae, 427 viticola, 201 black stem spot, 278 comptoniae, 427 Cryptosporium, 201 blotch rot, 362 conigenum, 427 minimum, 201 early rot, 386 filamentosum, 427 pinicola, 201 end rot, 385 fusiforme, 427-428 Cryptostictis, 151 false blossom, 484 harknessii, 428 arbuti, 262 hard rot, 392 occidentale, 428 Cucumber, 613-614 red leaf gall, 243 quercuum, 428 angular leaf spot, 113 rose bloom, 240 ribicola, 425,427-430 bacterial wilt, 108-109 Cranesbill, 65 4 stalactiforme, 430 blight, 136 Crape jasmine, 841 strobilinum, 430 cyst nematode, 318 Crape-myrtle, 611 Crossonema, 314 mosaic, 484-485 leaf spot, 25 7 Crossvine, 555 scab, 452 powdery mildew, 354 Crotalaria, 612 wilt, 508 tip blight, 173 Croton, 612 Cucumber mosaic virus, Crassula, 611 Crotothane, 18 484-485 Crataegus, 672-673 Crowberry, 613 Color Plate 4E, 5E Creeping snowberry, 594 Crowfoot, 791-792 Cucumis melo, 725-726 Creosote bush, 611 Crownbeard, 857 sativus, 613-614 Crepis, 671-672 Crown canker, of dogwood, Cucurbita, 826-827 Cress, winter, 868 219-220 Cucurbitariaceae, 71 garden, 767 of rose, 201-202 Cucurbits, angular leaf spot downy mildew, 233 Crown gall, 99,98-100 of, 113 Cribropeltis citrullina, 238 Color Plate 4C Alternaria blight of, 136 Criconema, 314 Crown-headed lance nema• bacterial wilt of, 108-109 civellae, 314 tode, 320 Fusarium root rot, 383 decalineatum, 314 Crown rot, 169-170 gummy stem blight, 165 spinalineatum, 314 of asparagus, 397 leaf spot, 256, 291, 294 Criconemella xenoplax, 313 bacterial, 104 powdery mildew, 352-354 Criconemoides annulatum, of corn, 386 Cudweed, 659 314 of delphinium, 104, 416 CuframZ, 19 citri, 314 of snapdragon, 393 Cufraneb, 19 crotaloides, 314 Crown vetch, 613 Culvers-root, 614 curvatum, 314 Crucifers, bacterial leaf spot Cuman, 19 cylindricum, 314 of, 110-111 Cumene, 19 komabaensis, 314 black leafspot, 249-250 Cumminsiella, 430 lobatum, 314 black leg, 127 mirabilissima, 430 mutabile, 314 black rot, 117 texana, 430 ornatum, 314 club root, 226-227 Cunila, 625 parvum, 314 downy mildew, 233 Cunninghamia, 614 rusticum, 314 ring spot, 277 Cuphea, 615 similis, 314 white rust, 501 Cupressus, 617 teres, 314 Cryptantha, 613 Curamil, 19 xenoplax, 314 Cryptanthus, 613 Curitan, 19 Crinkle, strawberry, 495 Cryptochaete polygonia, Curaterr, 42 mild, 495 374 Curly top, beet, 477-478 Crinum, 612 Cryptococcaceae,78 Currant, 615 Crisfolatan, 18 Cryptodiaporthe, 199 anthracnose, 97-98 Crisfuran, 42 aculeans, 199 cane blight, 139-140 Cristulariella, 261 castanea, 199 cane-knot canker, 224 depraedans, 261 salicina, 199 dieback, 218 pyramidalis, 261 Cryptogramma, 642 leaf spot, 255, 277, 279 914 • Index

Currant (cont.) mali, 214 Dalea, 815-816 mosaic, 485 rubi, 293 Dalibarda, 619 Pseudomonas, 112 salicinum, 263 Dames-rocket, 677 root rot, 387 Cymbidium mosaic, 489 Damping off, 227-228, Currant, flowering, 615-616 Cymbopogon, 703 249-250,396-397,409 leaf spot, 279 Cynara cardunculus, 579 Dandelion, 619 nematode, 311 scolymus, 539 Daphne, 619 Curuba, 582 Cynodon,665-667 leaf spot, 268,274 Curvularia, 151 Rhizoctonia blight, 180 Darlingtonia, 574 lunata, 151-152 Cynoglossum, 617 Dasanit, 42 trifolii f. sp. gladioli, Cyperus rotunders, 7 41 Dasyscypha, 203 151-152 Cyphomandra, 849 agassizi, 203 Curvularia disease of gladiolus, Cypress, 617 calycina, 203 151-152 Coryneum canker of, ellisiana, 203 Curzate M, 19 198-199 pseudotsugae, 203 Curzate M8, 19 dieback, 212 resinaria, 203 Cuscuta americana, 230 root rot, 403-404 wilikommii, 203-204 arvensis, 230 Cypress, bald, 546-547 Date calyx-end rot, 367 californica, 230 hinoki,588 fruit rot, 369 coryli, 230 Cypress-vine, 617-618 Date palm, 750-751 epithymum, 230 Cyprex, 19,21 decline disease, 394 exaltata, 230 Cypripedium, leaf spot, 253 leaf and stalk rot, 317 gronovii, 230 rot, 107 Datura, 619 indecora, 230 Cyrilla, 618 bacterial canker, 101 paradoxa, 230 Cyrtomium, 641 Daucus carota, 582 pentagona, 230 Cyst nematodes, 318-319 Daucus carota var. sativa, planifera, 230 Cystopteris, 640 581-582 Cushion-pink, 813 Cystopus, 500 Daylily, 620 Custard-apple, 589 Cytisus, 564 anthracnose, 90 Cyamposis, 669 Cytospora, 196,202 Dazomet, 19, 42 Cycad, 616 abietis, 202 Dazonet Powder, 42 Cycas, 616 annularis, 202 DBCP, 42 Cyclamen, 616 chrysosperma, 202 DCNA, 19 leaf and bud blight, 159 kunzei var. piceae, 202-203 D-D92,42 wilt,508 leucostoma, 203 D-D soil fumigant, 42 Cycloconium oleaginum, 262 nivea, 203 DDT injury, 338-339 Cycloheximide, 10-11, 19 sambucicola, 203 Dead-arm disease of grapes, Cyclomorph, 19 C ytospora canker, of Italian 201 Cydonia, 789 prune, 203 Decline disease of date palms, Cylindrocarpon, 374 ofspruce,202-203 394 cylindroides, 201 Cytovirin, 47 nematodes, 314, 329 liriodendri, 3 7 3 Cyttariaceae, 72 Decumaria, 620 radicicola, 3 7 4 Deergrass, 794 Cylindrocladium, 152 Daconil2787, 19 Deficiency, calcium, 337-338 avesiculatum, 152, 262 Dactylis glomerata, 665-667 copper, 338 crotalariae, 374 Daedalea, 375 iron, 340-341 floridanum, 375 confragosa, 3 7 5 magnesium, 342 heptaseptatum, 375 quercina, 375 manganese, 342 macrosporium, 262 unicolor, 375 nitrogen, 344 pteridis, 262, 375 Daffodil, 737-738 oxygen,344 scoparium, 152,201-202, Dagger nematode, 331 phosphorus, 344 375 Dahlia, 618 potassium, 344 Cylindrocladium blight, 152 Botrytis on, 142 water, 347 Cylindrosporium, 152, 262 leaf smut, 460 zinc, 349 betulae, 263 mosaic (stunt), 485 Dehydroacetic acid, 19 carigenum, 277-278 oakleaf, 485 Deksonal, 19 chrysanthemi, 263 ring spot, 485 Delan, 19 clematidinis, 263 root nematode, 329 Delan-Co), 19 defoliatum, 153 Daisy, oxeye, 619 Delphinium, 620-621 griseum, 153 shasta, 681 black leg, 106 juglandis, 153 Daldinia concentrica, 375 black spot, 113 Index • 915

crown rot, 104 Dibotryon, 124 Diervilla, 624 ring spot, 485 morbosum, 124-126, 125 Diethofencarb, 20 Delsene, 19 Dibromochloropropane, 42 Difolatan, 20 De Man's meadow nematode, Dicamate, 19 Digitalis, 648-649 326 Dicentra, 629 Dikar, 20 Dematiaceae, 78 spectabilis, 558 Dill, 624 Dematophora, 413 Dichlofenthion, 43 rot (wilt), 383 Demorphotheca, 621 Dichlofluamide, 20 Dilophospora geranii, 265 Demosan, 16,19 Dichlone, 20 Dimanin A, 41 Denarin, 19 Dichloran, 20 Dimanin C, 41,47 Dendranthemum grandiflora, Dichlorofenthion, 43 Dimerium, 122 596-597 Dichloropropene, 20,43 juniperi, 128 Dendromecon, 848 Dichondra, 624 Dimerosporium, 129 Dendrophoma obscurans, 153 Dichotomophtliora abietis, 129 Deodar, 585 indica, 154 hispidulum, 129 Dermatea, 204 portulacae, 205, 376 pulchrum, 129 acerina, 204 Dichotomophthoropsis robiniae, 129 balsamea, 204 nymphaerum, 263 tropicale, 129 livida, 204 Dictyosporae, 77 Dimethirimol, 20 Dermea pseudotsugae, 204 Didymaria didyma, 263 Dimortheca, 578-579 Desain, 19 Didymascella, 154 Dinitro compounds, 20 Desert Bird of Paradise, 621 thujina, 154, 155 Dinobuton, 20 Desert-candle, 621 tsugae, 155 Dinocap, 20, 26 Desert-plume, 621 Didymelia, 155 Dinofen, 20 Desert-thorn, 715 applanata, 155 Dioscorea, 870 Desert-willow, 622 lycopersici, 253 Diospyros, 767-768 Desmanthus, 567 sepincoliformis, 204 Dipher, 20 Desmella superficialis, 430 Didymellina, 263 Diplocarpon, 131 Desmodium, 622, 680 macrospora, 263-265, 264, earliana, 246-24 7 Deutzia, 622 272 rosae, 130-135, 132, 133, Devils-club, 622 ornithogali, 265 275 Devilwood, 622 poecilospora, 265 Diplodia, 156 Devizeb, 19 Didymosphaeria, 155 camphorae, 205 Dewberry, 159,163,622 populina, 156 coluteae, 156 Dewdrop, 619 Didymosporae, 77 gossypina, 156 Dexon, 19 Didymosporina aceris, 274 infuscans, 205 Diamidfos, 42 Didymosporium arbuticola, juglandis, 205 Dianthus, 623 265 longispora, 156 leaf spot, 291 Dieback,92,94,193,339 natalensis, 156,205, 376 Dianthus barbatus, 840 apple, 213-214 opuntia, 377 caryophyllus, 580-581 apricot, 207, 213-214 phoenicum, 377 Diaporthe, 153 ash, 202 pinea, 377 arctii, 153 black locust, 204 quercina, 205 batatatis, 3 7 6 Botryosphaeria, 194 sarmentorum, 156 citri, 376 boxwood,212,214,215 sophorae, 205 cubensis, 204 butternut, 212, 213 sycina, 205 decorticans, 218 camellia, 208 theobromae, 377 eres, 172,204 chestnut, 199 tubericola, 377 gardeniae, 217 currant, 139-140, 218 zeae, 377 helianthi, 204 elm, 193,206 Diplodia collar and root rot, oncostoma, 204 Nectria, 213-214 377 phaseolorum, 153-154,376 pines, 147 Diplodia corn ear rot, 377 var. caulivora, 154, 204 poplar, 202 Diplodina, 265 var. sojae, 154 raspberry, 19 3 eurhododendri, 265 pruni, 204 rhododendron,219-220 persicae, 377 prunicola, 204 rose, 205,209 Diplotheca wrightii, vaccinii, 154 sumac, 199 265-266 vexans, 154, 172 vinca, 218 Dipsacus, 842 vincae, 218 Dieffenbachia, 624 Dirca, 703 Diatrypaceae, 71 leaf spot, 118, 255 Direx, 20 Diazoben, 19 Color Plate 4A Discella carbonacae, 205 916 • Index

Discohainesia oenotherae, Dolichos, 627 godetia, 232 281-282 anthracnose, 89 gonobolus, 235 Discula fraxinea. See Dollar spot of turf, 414 grape, 235-236 Gloeosporium aridum Dolochlor, 21 hackberry, 236 quercina Dorlone, 43, 46 hepatica, 235 Disease inflorescence, 139 Doronicum, 627 lettuce, 232 Diseases, bacterial, 98-121 Dorylaimus, 316 lima bean, 234-235 types of, 518-519 Dothichiza, 206 lupine, 234 Disinfectant, 7 caroliniana, 266 mock strawberry, 234 Disinfestant, 7 populea, 206 oats, 237 Dithane D-14, 20, 29-30 Dothideaceae, 69 onion, 232-233 Dithane M-22, 20,27-28 Dothideales, 69 pea, 234 Dithane M-22 Special, 20, Dothiora polyspora, 203 prickly poppy, 232 27-28 Dothiorella, 206 rhubarb, 234 Dithane M-45, 20 fraxinicola, 206 rose, 234 Dithane Z-78, 21, 39-40 gregaria, 367 snapdragon, 232 Dithianon, 21 quercina, 206 soybean,233 Dithiocarbamates, 21 ulmi, 206, 506-507 spinach, 233 Ditranil, 21 Dothiorella rot of avocado strawberry, 233 Di-Trapen, 43 and citrus, 367 tobacco, 234 Dittany, 625 Dothiorella wilt of elms, viburnum, 235 Ditylenchus, 315 506-507 Downy spot of pecan, 277-278 destructor, 315 Dothistroma pini, 156 Doxantha, 584 dipsaci, 315-316 Double spot of blueberry, Draba, 628 gallicus, 316 266 Dracaena, 628 iridis, 316 Douglas-fir, 627-628 leaf spot, 268, 285 Dizygotheca, 625 bark canker, 196 Color Plate 7E DMTT,21,43 canker, 203 tip blight, 173 DNC,21 dwarf mistletoe, 299 Dracocephalum, 628 DNOC,21 needle cast, 302, 306 Dragonhead, 628 Doassansiaepilobii, 460 needle rust, 437 Drawinol, 21 Dodder, 228-230, 229 Phomopsis canker, 217-218 Drazoxolon, 21 bigseed alfalfa, 230 root rot, 408 Drechslera catenaria, 159 clover, 230 Dove-plum, 603, 809 gigantea, 159 common,230 Dowco 186, 21 setariae, 270 field, 230 Dow-Fume 75,43 Drought, 339 hazel, 230 Dowfume 59, 43 Dry bubble of oyster mush- littleseed alfalfa, 230 Dowfume C, 43 room,515 Dodder latent mosaic, 485 Dowfume EB-5, 43 Dryopteris, 643 Dodecatheon, 625 DowfumeE43 Dry root rot of bean, 383 Dodemorfe, 21 Dowfume MC-2, 43 Dry rot, of gladiolus, 418 Dodemorph, 21 Dowfume MC-33, 21, 43 of pomegranate, 394 Dodine, 21 Dowfume N, 43 DSE,21 Dogbane, 625 Dowfume V, 43 Duchesnea, 730 Doguadine, 21 Dowfume W-85, 43 DuNema,43 Dog-tooth violet, 636 Downy mildew(s), 231-237 Duranta, 629 Dogwood, dwarf, 625 acalypha, 235 Dusting, 55-56 Dogwood, flowering, 625-626 agrimony, 234 Dusty miller, 587 Botrytis on, 142 alfalfa,234 Dutch elm disease, 503-506, crown canker, 219-220 anemone, 235 505 leaf spot, 253, 256, 291 aster, 232 Dutch iris, 691 Nectria canker, 214-215 beet, 234 Dutchmans-breeches, 629 spot anthracnose, 471 Bermuda grass, 237 Dutchmans-pipe, 629 twig blight, 151 blackberry, 234 Duter, 21 Dogwood, gray, 626 carnation, 233 Ou-Ter Fungicide, 21 Pacific, 626 carrot, 235 Dwarf banana, 548 pagoda, 626 cereals, 23 7 Dwarf dandelion, 699-700 Dojyopicrin, 21 crucifers, 233-234 Dwarf mistletoe, 298-299 Dolichodorus, 316 cucurbits, 236-237 Douglas-fir, 299 heterocephalus, 316 forget-me-not, 233 eastern, 299 obtusus, 316 geranium, 235 hemlock, 299 Index • 917

lodgepole pine, 299 leaf blister, 245 End spot of avocado, 339 southwestern, 299 leaf spot, 268,290 Engelmann daisy, 634 western, 299 mistletoe, 298 Engelmannia, 634 Dwell, 21 mosaic, 485 Englerulaceae, 69 Dynone, 21 phloem necrosis, 122 English daisy, 634 Dyrene, 21-22 Sphaeropsis canker, 223 English holly, 680-681 Dyschoriste, 629 twig blight, 172 English iris, 691 wetwood, 107-108 English ivy, 693 Early blight, of carrot, 148 wilt, 506-507 bacterial leaf spot, 119 celery, 147-148 yellows, 124 leaf and stem spot, 251 potato and tomato, 137-138 zonate canker, 485-486 leaf spot, 283-284 Earrotofcorn,377,384 Elsinoaceae, 69 scab, 474 Earthcide, 22 Elsinoe, 470 English walnut, 861-862 Easter Cactus, 629 ampelina, 470-471 ENT 27164, 43 Easter lily, black scale rot of, cinnamomi, 471 Entomophthorales, 66 372 corni, 471 Entomosporium leaf spot, 136, Eastern gall rust, 428 diospyri, 4 71 157 Echeveria, 629 euonymi-japonici, 471 Entomosporium maculatum, Echinacea, 629 fawcetti, 471-472 157 Echinocactus, 571 ilicis, 472 thuemenli, 158 Echinocystis, 730 jasminae, 4 72 Entyloma, 460 Echinodontium tinctorium, ledi, 472 calendulae, 460 377-378 lepagei, 4 72 compositarum, 461 Echinops, 658 leucosphila, 4 72 crastophilum, 461 Echium, 860 magnoliae, 472 dactylidis, 461 Ectostroma liriodendri, 266 mangiferae, 472 dahliae, 461 EDB,43 mattirolianum, 472 ellisii, 461 EDB-85, 43 parthenocissi, 472 irregulare, 461 E-D-Bee, 43 phaseoli, 4 72 lineatum, 461 EDC, 43 piri, 472 polysporum, 461 EDICT, 43 quercicola, 472 Epicoccum, 266 Eelworm disease of narcissus, quercus-falcatae, 472 asterinum, 266 315-316 randii, 473 neglectum, 266 Eelworms, 306 rosarum, 473 nigrum, 266 Egg-fruit, 713 solidaginis, 4 7 3 purpurascens, 207 Eggplant, 630 tiliae, 473 Epigaea, 634 anthracnose, 92 veneta, 473 Epilobium, 634-635 bacterial canker, 101-102 Elvaron, 22 Episcia, 635 leaf spot, 253, 257 Elymus, 866 Equitdazin, 22 Phomopsis blight, 154, 172 Elytroderma, 302, 303 Eradex, 17 rust, 448 deformans, 303 Eradicant, 7 tobacco cyst nematode, 319 Emilia, 633 Eradication, 5 Eichhornia, 863 Empetrum, 613 Eraditon, 22 EL-273, 22 Encelia,633 Eranthemum, 635 Elaeagnus, 630-631, 802 Endive, 633-634 Erazidon, 22 Elaphomycetaceae, 73 Endoconidiophora, 196 Eremochloa, 587 Elder, 631 fagacearum, 503 Eremurus, 621 branch canker, 203 fimbriata, 369-370 Erianthus, 779 Elderberry, 631 var. platani, 195-196 Erica, 674 disease, 484 Endocronartium hardnessii, Erigenia, 671 Elecampane, 690-691 430 Erigeron, 635 Elephants-ear, 632 Endomycetaceae, 68 Eriobotrya, 712-713 Elgetol, 22 Endomycetales, 68 Eriodictyon, 871 Elm, 632-633 Endophyllum, 431 Eriophyllum, 636 black spot, 269 sempervivi, 431 Erodium, 677 blight, 172 tuberculatum, 431 cicutarium, 645 canker, 219-220 Endosan, 22 Erostrotheca multiformis, 301 dieback, 193,206 Endothia, 156 Erwinia, 102-109 Dothiorella wilt, 506-507 gyrosa, 207 amylovora, 103,103-105 Dutch elm disease, 503-506, parasitica, 157 aroideae, 105 505 Endothia canker, 157 atroseptica, 106 918 • Index

Erwinia (cont.) marginata, 817 False root-knot nematode, carnegiana, 105 pulcherrima, 779-780 325 carotovora, 105-107 trigona, 638 False smut of palms, 461 chrysanthemi, 107 European dagger nematode, False solomons seal, 814-815 cypripedii, 107 329 False yeasts, 78 dissolvens, 107 European larch canker, 203 Farkleberry, 639 herbicola, 107 European Nectria canker, Fasciation, 101 lathyri, 107 214-215 Favolus, 378 nimipressuralis, 107-108 European powdery mildew, alveolaris, 378 rhapontica, 108 356 Feather rot, 408 stewartii, 108 Eurotiaceae, 69 Feijoa, 639 tracheiphila, 108-109 Eurotiales, 68-69 Felt fungi, 222-223 Eryngium, 636 Eustoma, 638 Fenaminosulf, 22 Erysimum, 861 Eutypa armeniaca, 207 Fenarimol, 22 Erysiphaceae, 69 Evening-primrose, 7 43 Fendlera, 639 Erysiphales, 69 Everlasting, 638-639 Fennel, 639 Erysiphe, 351, 352, 353 pearl, 528 Fenolovo acetate, 23 aggregata, 352 Evolvulus, 638 Fensulfothion, 44 cichoracearum, 352-354 Exacum, 639 Fentin acetate, 23 graminis, 354 Exanthema, 339 Ferbam, 23 heraclei, 354 Excipulaceae, 78 Ferberk, 23 lagerstroemiae, 354 Exclusion, 5 Fermasan, 23 polygoni, 354-355 Exobasidiceae, 75 Fermate, 23 taurica, 355 Exobasidiales, 7 5 Fermid 850, 23 trina, 355 Exobasidium, 239-240 Fern, adders-tongue, 640 Erythrina, 636 azaleae, 240 birds-nest, 640 Erythronium, 636 burtii, 240 bladder, 640 black spot, 253 camelliae, 240 Boston, 640 leaf blight, 149 oxycocci, 240 bracken, 640 Escarole, 633-634 rhododendri, 240 brake, 641 Eschscholtzia, 574 symploci, 240 chain, 643 ETCMTD,22 uvae-ursi, 240 Christmas, 641 Ethazol, 22 vaccinii, 240, 241 cinnamon, 642 Ethoprop, 44 vaccinii-uliginosi, 240-241 cliff-brake, 641 Ethylene dibromide, 44 Exocortis, citrus, 482-483 holly, 641 Ethylene dichloride, 44 Exosporium, 266 interrupted, 642 Etridiazole, 22 concentricum, 267 lady, 641 Etrimin, 22 liquidambaris, 267 leatherleaf, 641 Eucalyptus, 636-637 palmivorum, 267 maidenhair, 642 canker, 204 Exotherm Termil, 22 osmunda, 642 Eucharis, 637 ostrich, 642 Eugenia, 637 Fabraea, 157 polypody, 642 black spot, 128 maculata, 157-158 rock, 642 Euonymus, 637 thuemenii, 158 rock-brake, 642 basal canker, 222 Fagus, 553 royal, 642 crown gall on, 98-100 Fairy rings, 237-238 sensitive, 643 leafspot, 267, 279 Fairy ring spot, 271 shield, 643 mildew, 356 Fall-daffodil, 829 silvery spleenwort, 641 mosaic, 486 Fall dandelion, 671 tree, 643 Euparen, 22 False-boneset, 700 walking, 643 Euparene, 22 False bugbane, 848 wood, 643 Euparen M, 22 False-chamomile, 723 woodwardia, 643 Eupatorium, 638 False dragonhead, 771 Fern diseases, 640-643 Botrytis on, 142 False garlic, 7 41 anthracnose, 95 Euphorbia, 662 False-hellebore, 856 leaf blight, 109, 110 Euphorbia corollata, 825 False indigo, 548 leaf blister, 245 cyparissias, 825 False Jerusalem-cherry, 695 leaf spot, 250, 262 heterophylla, 825 False loosestrife, 713 nematode, 310 !athyris, 825 False-mallow, 718 post harvest decay, 3 7 5 maculata, 825 False Mesquite, 575 rust, 450 Index • 919

tar spot, 262 Flax, flowering, 647 Franklinia, 663 tip blight, 17 3 Fleabane, 635 Frasera, 606 Ferrous sulfate, 23 Floating-heart, 7 41 Fraxinus, 540-541 Fescues, 665-667 Floras-paintbrush, 633 Fraxinus holotriocha, 541 net blotch, 2 70 Florida yellow-frumpet, 829 Freesia, 649 smut, 467 Florists' Smilax, 542, 815 Fremontia, 649 Festuca, 665-667 Flotation sulfur, 23 French-mulberry, 575 Fetterbush, 715 Flower blight of camellia, Fringe-tree, 649 Feverfew, 643 170,181-182,183 Fritillaria, 649 Ficus aurea, 644-645 Flowering maple, 519 Froelichia, 65 0 carica, 643 Flowering tobacco, 740 Frog-eye disease of soybean, elastica, 801 Flower rot of orchids, 363 258 Fig, 644 Flower smut, 462 Frommea obtusa duchesneae, cyst nematode, 318 Flower spot of azalea, 165-168 431 dieback, 205 Fly speck of fruit, 238-239 Frommella duchesnea, 431 leaf blight, 168 FMC 9102,23 Frost injury, 339, 339 leaf spot, 260,277 FMC 10242, 44 Frost scorch, 468 mosaic, 486 Foam-flower, 647 Frostwort, 650 pin nematode, 325 Foeniculum, 639 Frucote, 24 ripe rot, 380 Fog-fruit, 709 Fruit rot, 14 9 rust, 424 Folcid, 20, 23 Alternaria, 363 smut, 367 Foliar nematode, 325 Diplodia, 376 sooty mold, 469 Folicur, 23 gray mold, 368 spine nematode, 314 Folosan, 23 peach, 377 thread blight, 168-169 Folpan, 23 pepper, 372, 376 Fig, Florida strangler, 644-645 Folpet, 23 tomato, 376 Fig-marigold, 727 Foltaf, 23 Fruit spot, 238-239 Figwort, 645 Fornes, 378 Fuberidazol, 24 Filaree, 645 annosus, 378 Fuchsia, 650 red leaf, 486 applanatus, 378 Fuklasin, 24 Filbert, 645, 673 connatus, 378 Fumago vagans, 470 blight, 118 everhartii, 378-379 Fumazone, 44 Filipendula, 725 fomentarius, 379 Fumigant-1, 44 Filipin, 23 fraxinophilus, 379 Fumigants, 7 Fimetariaceae, 70 igniarius, 379 Fungi, 60-78 Fir, 645-647 officinalis, 379 imperfecti, 77,77-78 black mildew, 129 pini, 379 Fungicides, 7,10 canker, 196-197,203, 204, pinicola, 379 Fungiclor, 24 216,221 rimosus, 380 Funginex, 24 mistletoe, 299 robustus, 380 Fungi-Rhap, 24 needle blight, 161, 170, roseus, 380 Fungi-Rhap Cu6, 24 179-180 Fomitopsis officinalis, 379 Fungitrol, 24 needle cast, 302, 303, 305, Fonganil, 23 Fungo 50,24 306 Fongarid, 23 Furadan, 44 Phomopsis canker, 217,218 Fore, 23-24 Furcaspora sp., 158 root rot, 403,408,421 Forestiera, 647 Furcraea, 7 24 rust, 436, 450 Forget-me-not, 647-648 Fusarex, 24 twig dieback, 223 downy mildew, 233 Fusarium, 380, 380 Fire of arbor-vitae, 148 Formaldehyde, 24 annuum, 507 iris, 263-265 Formalin, 24 avenaceum, 380 tulip,145-146,146 Forsythia, 64 8 bulbigenum, 382 Fire blight, 103,103-105 Fortunella, 700 buxicola, 214 Fire-chalice, 872 Forturf, 24 culmorum, 380 Firethorn, 647, 788 Fouquieria, 648 graminearum, 384 Fireweed, 634-635 Four-o'clock, 648 heterosporium, 453 Firmiana simplex, 770 Foxglove, 648-649 lateritium, 157, 303 Fisheye rot of apple, 373 anthracnose, 89 moniliforme, 380 Fittonia, 647 leaf spot, 288 var. subglutinans, 158, Five-leaf aralia, 520 Fragaria, 831-832 207 Flannel bush, 649 Frangipani, 779 nivale, 467-469 920 • Index

Fusarium (cont.) Gaillardia, 650 Geoglossaceae, 72 orthoceras, 380 Galanthus, 817 Geranium, 653-654 var. gladioli, 381 Galax, 650 bacterial leaf spot, 118, oxysporum, 380-382, Galben, 24 120 507-510 Galinsoga parviflora, 814 black leaf speck, 295 f. apii, 507 Galium, 651 blackleg, 410 f. asparagi, 507 Gall, 239-243 Botrytis on, 142 f. barbati, 507 bacterial, of oleander, Color Plate SC f. batatas, 381, 507 115-116 chlorotic spot, 486 f. callistephi, 507 basal, 242 crinkle, 486 f. cattleyae, 508 blueberry bud-proliferating, downy mildew, 235 f. cepae, 381 242 leaf spot, 256,265, 281 f. chrysanthemi, 381, 508 bud,240 mosaic, 486 f. conglutinans, 508 cane, 98-100 petal spot, 270 f. cubense, 508 crown, 98-100, 99 rust, 447 f. cucumerinum, 508 leaf, 240, 242 Gerbera, 654-655 f. cyclaminis, 508 of azalea, 240, 241 Germander, 655 f. dianthi, 508 of camellia, 240 German iris, 691-692 f. gladioli, 381-382,508 of hedge parsley, 242 Geum, 655 f. hebae, 509 red, 242 Giant-hyssop, 522 f.lilii, 382 ofrhododendron,240 Giant reed, 539-540 f.lycopersici, 509 rust, 435 Giant sequoia, 811 f. melonis, 509 stem, 242, 243 Gibasis, 841 f. narcissi, 382 Gallex, 41 Gibbago trianthemae, 267 f. niveum, 509 Galltrol-A, 41 Gibberella, 158 f. peniciosum, 509-510 Galtonia, 651 baccata, 158, 208 f. pisi, 510 Ganocide, 24 fujikuroi, 380 f. radicis-lycopersici, 382 Ganoderma, 383 zeae, 384 f. raphani, 510 applanatum, 378, 383-384 Gibberidea, 126 f. spinaciae, 510 curtisii, 384 heliopsidis, 126 poae, 382 lucidum, 384 Gilia, 655-656 roseum, 382 sulcatum, 384 Gillenia, 656 f. cerealis, 382 zonatum, 384 Ginger, wild, 656 solani, 158,207,383 Garbanzo, 592 Ginkgo, 656 f. cucurbitae, 383 Garden balsam, 689 Ginseng, 656-657 f. phaseoli, 383 Garden cress, 767 Alternaria blight, 137 f. pisi, 383 Garden heliotrope, 855 Girdling roots, 340 Fusarium brown rot of Gardenia, 651-652 Gladiolus, 657-658 gladious, 381-382 canker, 217-218 bacterial blight, 119 Fusarium patch of grass, sooty mold, 469 blue mold, 397 467-468 Garden pinks, 623 Botrytis blight, 144 Fusarium root rot of cucurbits, Garden sorrel, 802 dry rot, 418 383 Garden verbena, 856 flower blight, 151-152 Fusarium wilts, 507-510, Garlic, 652 mild mosaic, 477 passim clove rot, 397 mosaic, 486 Fusicladium, 267 Garlic, false, 7 41 Penicillium dry rot, 397 carpophilum, 452 Garrya, 652, 813 red leaf spot, 294 dendriticum, 453, 455-457, Gas toxicity, 339-340 scab, 111 456,457 Gaultheria, 652 smut, 464 eriobotryae, 453 procumbens, 868 topple, 347 photinicola, 453 shallon, 804-805 yellows, 381-382 pisicola, 267 Gaura, 652 Gleditsia, 682-683 pyracanthae, 453 Gayfeather, 705-706 Globe-amaranth, 658 pyrinum, 457-458 Gaylussacia, 687 Globe artichoke, 539 robiniae, 267 Gayophytum, 696 Globeflower, 849 saliciperdum, 453-454 Gazania, 653 Globe-mallow, 658 Fusicoccum, 207 Gelsemium, 581 Globe-thistle, 658 amygdali, 208 Genista, 653 Globe-tulip, 723 elaeagni, 208 Gentian, 653 Globodera rostochiensis, putrefaciens, 385 Gentiana, 653 267 Index • 921

Gloeocercospora inconspicua, Gnomoniella, 269 leafspot, 261 267-268 coryli, 269 Pierce's disease, 123-124 sorghi, 268,288 fimbriata, 269 powdery mildew, 361 Gloeodes pomigena, 188-189 Goats-beard, 659 root rot, 412 Gloeophyllum saepiaria, 389 Godetia, 659 shoot and twig blight, 183 Gloeosporium, 92 downy mildew, 232 spiral nematode, 317 allantosporum, 92 Godfrey's meadow nematode, spot anthracnose, 470-471 apocryptum, 92 326 white emperor disease, 486 aridum, 540 Godronia, 385 white rot, 373 aridum quercina, 156 cassandrae, 385 yellow mosaic, 486 betularum, 268 var. vaccinii, 385 yellow vein, 486 cactorum, 97 Going-out of grass, 271 Grapefruit, 599-600, 665 foliicolum, 384 Gold-dust tree, 542 Grape-hyacinth, 665 inconspicuum, 268 Golden aster, 597 Graphiolaceae, 75 limetticolum, 92 Goldenbells, 648 Graphiola phoenicis, 461 malicorticis, 97 Golden-chain, 659 Graphium, 269 melongenae, 92 Golden-dub, 660 sorbi, 269 mezerei, 268 Botrytis on, 145 ulmi, 503-506,505 perennans, 215-216 Golden-eye, 660 Grass( es ), 665-667 piperatum, 93 Golden-glow, 660,801-802 brown blight, 271 quercinum, 93, 93,96 Golden-larch, 660 brown leaf blotch, 191 rhododendri, 268 Golden nematode, 319 brown patch, 396,411 thuemenii f. tulipae, 93-94 Golden pea, 843 brown stripe, 290 tiliae, 96 Goldenrain-tree, 660-661 char spot, 2 90 ulmeum, 269 Goldenrod, 661 copper spot, 268, 288 ulmicolum, 268 black patch, 126 cyst nematode, 318 venetum, 87 black spot (scurf), 253 dollar spot, 414 Glomerella, 94 scab, 473 downy mildew, 237 cincta, 268 Goldenseal, 661 fairy ring, 237, 238 cingulata, 94,159,208, Goldentop, 662 going-out, 271 268,384-385 Goldentuft, 526 helminthosporium diseases, var. vaccinii, 385 Goldthread, 662 270-271 gossypii, 95 Gomphrena, 658 leaf blight, 162, 168, 179 nephrolepis, 95 Gonatobotryum maculicolum, leaf blotch, 191, 270, 291 phomoides, 95 269 leaf fleck, 2 7 4 Glorybower, 602 Gonobulus, downy mildew leaf mold, 271 Glory-bush, 658, 844 on,235 leaf spot, 270, 293 Glory-of-the-snow, 594 Gooseberry, 662-663 melting-out, 270 Gloxinia, 658-659 dieback, 218 mosaic, 471 Glutinium macrosporium, leaf spot, 2 79 nematode, 309 209 mildew, 359 net blotch, 2 70 Glycine max, 819-820 scab, 474 pink patch, 3 7 4 Glyodex, 24 Gopher plant, 662 powdery mildew, 354 Glyodin, 24-25 Gordonia, 663 purple leaf blotch, 191 Glyoxide, 25 Gouania, 663 red leaf spot, 270 Glyrophene, 25 Gourd, 663 red thread, 3 7 4 Gnaphalium, 659 Grading injuries, 340 ring nematode, 313 Gnomonia, 95 Graft canker of rose, 19 7 rust, 444-446, 447 caryae, 95 Graft incompatibility, 340 sheath nematode, 318 var. pecanae, 268 Graft mold, 300, 370 silver spike, 382 fragariae, 268 Granox PFM, 25 snowmold, 467-468,468 leptostyla, 9 5 Grape, 663-665 Color Plate 6A, 6B nerviseda, 269 bitter rot, 390 speckle, 290 platani, 95-96 black rot, 385-386, 386 speckled leaf blotch, 191 quercima, 93,96 bunch mold, 367 stem rust, 444-446 rubi, 159, 208 dead-arm disease, 201 tan leaf spot, 280 tiliae, 96 downy mildew, 235-236 tar spot, 283 ulmea, 269 fanleaf, 486 white tip blight, 183 veneta, 95-96 leaf roll, 486 yellow gum disease, 101 Gnomoniaceae, 70 leaf scorch, 247 zonate spot, 270 922 • Index

Grass-of-Parnassus, 668 davisii, 433 Hazelnut, 673 Gray bark of raspberry, 155 effusurn, 433 canker, 209-210 Gray blight of pines, 161, ellisii, 433 leaf blister, 244 303 exigurn, 433 twig blight, 193 Gray bulb rot of tulips, exterurn, 433 Head browning of cauliflower, 411-412 floriforrne, 433 249-250 Gray leaf of palms, 281 fraternurn, 433 Head smut of grasses, 464 Gray leaf spot, 294-295 globosurn, 433 Heal-all, 787 Gray mold blight, 141-143 gracile, 434 Heart rot, .)40, 372, 375, Greasy blotch of carnation, haraeanurn, 434 378,380,384,389 191 harknessianurn, 434 brown mottled, 398 Greek valerian, 780 hyalinurn, 434 Heat injury, 340 Greenbrier, 815 inconspicuurn, 434 Heath, 674 Green fruit rot, 416 japonicurn, 434 Heather, 67 4 Green mold, 397, 420 juniperinurn, 436 Hebe, 674 Green scurf, 254 juniperi-virginianae, 432, Fusarium wilt, 509 Grernrneniella abietina, 222 434-435 Hedera helix, 693 Grevillea, 668 kernianurn, 435 Hedgenettle, 827 Grindelia, 668 libocedri, 435 Hedge parsley, 6 7 4 Griphosphaeria corticola, 209 rnultiporurn, 435 Hedysarurn, 839 Cromwell, 710 nelsoni, 435 Heleniurn, 674 Ground-cherry, 668-669 nidus-avis, 435 Helianthernurn, 835 bacterial canker, 101-102 nootkatense, 435 Helianthus, 834-835 purple-flowered, 669 photiniae, 433 tuberosus, 5 39 Ground-myrtle, 858-859 speciosurn, 435 Helichrysurn, 679, 833 Groundsel, 810-811 trachysorurn, 435-436 Helicobasidiurn, 386 Ground smoke, 669 transforrnans, 433 corticioides, 386 Grovesinia pyramidalis, 261 trernelloides, 436 purpureurn, 386-387 Guanidine, 25 tubulaturn, 436 Helicotylenchus, 317 Guar, 669 vauqueliniae, 436 dinysteria, 317 Guava, 669 Gypsophila, 670 erythrinae, 317 scab, 474 rnulticinctus, 317 Guayule, 669 Hackberry, 670 nannus, 317 Guernsey-lily, 739 downy mildew, 236 pseudorobustus, 317 Guignardia, 189 leaf blight, 153 Heliopsis, 674-675 aesculi, 189 Hackelia, 701 Heliotrope, 67 4 bidwellii, 385-386, 386 Hadrotrichurn globiferurn, Heliotropiurn, 6 7 4 f. parthenocissi, 2 70 159 Helleborus niger, 596 populi, 290 Haipen, 25 Helrninthosporiurn, 159,252 vaccinii, 386 Hairy mistletoe, 298 cactivorurn, 387 Guinea-gold-vine, 678 Hairy root, 98 carbonurn, 159 Gurnrnosis, 340 Haitin, 25 catenariurn, 159, 270 Gummy stern blight, 165 Halesia, 670 cynodontis, 270 Gum-tree, 636-637 Hamamelis, 869 dictyoides, 270 Gurnweed, 668 Harnelia, 671 erythrospilurn, 270 Gyrnnoascaceae, 69 Harbinger-of-spring, 671 giganteurn, 270 Gyrnnocladus, 698 Hardenbergia, 671 rnaydis, 159 Gyrnnoconia interstitialis, 431 Hardhack, native, 823 papulosurn, 238 peckiana, 431 Hardy orange, 671 rostraturn, 270 Gyrnnosporangiurn, 431-432 Hares-tail, 671 sativurn, 2 70 aurantiacurn, 433 Harven, 25 sesarni, 387 berrnudianurn, 432 Hawkbit, 671 setariae, 2 70 bethelii, 432 Hawksbeard, 671-672 siccans, 271 biseptaturn, 432 Hawkweed, 672 sorokiniana, 271 clavariforrne, 432 Hawthorn, 672-673 stenacrurn, 2 71 clavipes, 432-433 leaf blight, 158, 164 triseptaturn, 2 71 confusurn, 433 leaf spot, 271 tritici-repentis, 271 corniculans, 433 mistletoe, 298 turcicurn, 160,387 cornuturn, 433 rust, 433 vagans, 271 cupressi, 433 Hazel. See Hazelnut vignicola, 261 Index • 923

Helotiaceae, 72 trifolii, 319 canker, 204, 208 Helotiales, 67, 72 zeae, 319 frost injury, 339, 339 Helvellaceae, 72 Heterosporium, 160, 252 leaf spot, 284 Hemerocallis, 620 allii, 271 spot anthracnose, 4 72 Hemicriconemoides, 317 echinulatum, 271 tar spot, 282 biformis, 317 esclischoltzlae, 271 Hollyhock, 681 chitwoodi, 317 gracile, 272 anthracnose, 91 floridensis, 317 gracilis, 263-265, 264 leaf spot, 252, 255,283 gaddi, 317 iridis, 263-265, 264,272 mosaic, 486 wessoni, 317 ornithogaii, 265 rust, 446 Hemicycliophora, 317 syringae, 160 Holly-osmanthus, 682 arenaria, 317 variable, 272 Holodiscus, 682 brevis, 318 Heuchera, 677-678 witches' broom, 486 obtusa, 318 Hexachlorophene, 25,41 Homai, 25 parvana, 318 Hexaferb, 25 Homalocladium, 796 similis, 318 Hexa-Nema, 44 Homalomena, 682 Hemisphaeriaceae, 70 Hexasul, 25 Honesty, 682 Hemlock, 675 Hexathane, 25 root rot, 364 mistletoe, 299 Hexathir, 25 Honey locust, 682-683 needle blight, 155, 181 Hexazir, 25 canker, 224, 225 rust, 437-438,448-449 Hiba arborvitae, 844 dieback, 213-214 twig canker, 204 Hibbertia, 678 Honey plant, 683 Hemp, 676 Hibiscus, 678 Honeysuckle, 683 leaf curl, 256 esculentus, 7 44 leaf spot, 273,274 leaf spot, 256 palustris, 800 twig blight, 171 Henbane mosaic, 486 sabdariffa, 800 Hop, 683-684 Henbit, 676 syriacus, 801 cyst nematode, 318 Hendersonia, 247 Hibiscus, leaf spot, 255 mildew, 359 concentrica, 271 Hickory, 678-679 Hop-hornbeam, 684 crataegicola, 271 anthracnose, 95 Hoplolaimus, 320 opuntiae, 247 dieback, 213-214 coronatus, 320 rubi, 193 heart rot, 378 galeatus, 320 Hendersonula toruloidea, 209, leaf spot, 95 uniformis, 320 510 mistletoe, 298 Hopperburn, 340 Henningsomyces anomala, Nectria canker, 214-215 Hop-tree, 684 223 Hieracium, 672 Hornbeam, 684-685 Hepatica, 676 Higginsia, 257 bark canker, 217 downy mildew, 235 hiemalis, 161 leaf curl, 244 Heracleum, 676 kerriae, 161 leaf spot, 269 Herb-robert, 654 Hinoki cypress, 588 Horse-balm, 605 Hercules-club, 535, 677 Hippeastrum, 526, 679 Horse-chestnut, 565, 685 Hericium erinaceus, 387 Hirshioporus abietinus, 406 bleeding canker, 219-220 Heronsbill, 6 7 6 Hizarocin, 25 dieback, 213-214 Herpotrichla, 160 Hoarhound, 679 leaf blotch, 189 nigra, 160 Hoary-thick clover, 680 powdery mildew, 361 Hesperis, 677 Hoe 002873, 25 Horse-gentian, 685-686 Heterodera, 318 Hoe 017411,25 Horse-mint, 730-731 avenae, 318 Hoe 2784,25 Horse purslane, 686 cacti, 318 Hoe 2873,25 Horse-radish, 686 carotae, 318 Hoe2960, 44 leaf spot, 117-118,252, cruciferae, 318 Hoe 2989,25 255,285 fici, 318 Hoe 6052,25 Hose-end sprayers, 55 glycines, 318 Hoe 6053,25 Hosta, 686 humuli, 318 Hoe 13764,25 anthracnose, 91 marioni, 318 Hoe17411,25 Hostathion, 44 mothi, 218 Hollow heart, 340 Hot-water treatment, 25 punctata, 318 Hollow pocket, 406 Hounds-tongue, 617 rostochiensis, 319 Holly, 680-681 Houseleek, 810 schactii, 319 black spot, 276 Houstonia, 686-687 tabacum, 319 blight, 174 Hoya, 687 924 • Index

Huckleberry, 687 Hypoxylon pruinatum, 211 Inonotus circinatus, 407 Huisache, 687 Hypsoperine graminiae, 320 Internal browning, 340 Humulus, 683-684 Hyssop, 688 Internal cork, sweetpotato, Husk-tomato, 668-669 Hyssopus, 688 496 Hyacinth, 687 Hysterlaceae, 70 Inula, 690-691 Botrytis blight, 144 Hysteriales, 70 Ipomoea, 732-733 ring disease, 315-316 Hysterothecia, 303 batatas, 838-839 yellows, 119 lprodione, 25 Hyacinth-bean, 627 Iberis, 578 Irene, 129 Hyacinthus, 687 Ice plant, 689 arallae, 129 Hyalodidymae, 77 Idriella lunata, 388 calastroma, 129 Hyalophragmiae, 77 llex aquifolium, 680-681 perseae, 129 Hyalopsora, 436 cornuta, 680-681 Irenina manca, 129 aspidiotus, 436 crenata, 680-681 Irenopsis martiniana, 129 chelianthus, 436 equifolium, 680-681 lresine, 691 polypodii, 436 glabra, 690 Iris, bulbous, 691 Hyalosporae, 77 opaca, 680-681 basal rot, 381 Hydnaceae, 76 verticillata, 868 leaf spot (ink disease), Hydnum abietis, 417 vomitoria, 870 165-166 erinaceus, 387 Illicium floridanum, 530 leaf spot, 263-265, 264 septentrionale, 417 lllosporium malifoliorum, 272 mosaic, 487 Hydrangea, 688 Impatiens, 689 nematode, 316 leaf spot, 284 Incense-cedar, 689 rust, 446 phyllody, 487 mistletoe, 298 Iris, rhizomatous, 691-692 Color Plate 3C India hawthorn, 689 crown rot, 367-368 ring spot, 487 Indian cucumber-root, 690 leaf spot, 263-265, 264 Hydrastis, 661 Indian-cup, 813 Iron deficiency, 340-341 Hydraulic sprayers, 51-52 Indian grass, 690 Ironweed, 692 Hydrophyllum, 688 Indian Lettuce, 732 yellow, 520 leaf spot, 290 Indian mallow, 519 Ironwood, 684 Hydroxydiphenyl, 25 Indian mulberry, 732 lrpex tulipiferae, 388 Hydroxyisoxazole, 25 Indian paintbrush, 750 Isaria clonostachoides, 388 Hylocereus, 7 40 Indian paint fungus, 377-378 Isariopsis, 272 Hymenocallis, 822 Indian physic, 656 clavispora, 279 Hymenochaete agglutinans, Indigo,690 griseola, 2 72 209-210 Indigobush, 527, 690 laxa, 272 Hymenogastrales, 76 Indigofera, 690 lscothane, 25 Hymenopappus,688 Inflorescence blight of maple, Itchgrass, 692 Hymexazol, 25 149 Itersonilia perplexans, 162 Hypericum, 804 Injury, alkali, 335 Itersonilia sp., 162 Hyphochytriales, 64 arsenical, 335 lvesia, 692 Hypholoma perplexum, 387 bordeaux,l3-14,336 Ivy, Boston, 692-693 Hypocreales, 70 calcium chloride, 337 leaf spot, 270 Hypoderm~161,302,303 chlorine, 338 Color Plate 40, 4F desmazieril, 303 copper, 338 Ivy, English, 693 hedgecockii, 303 Color Plate 6C leaf spot, 119, 251, 283-284 lethale, 161, 303 DDT, 338-339 root rot, 404 robustum, 303 frost, 339,339 scab, 474 Hypodermella, 161,302,304 grading, 340 Ivy-arum, 785 abietis-concolori, 161,304 heat, 340 lxia, 693 ampla,304 lightning, 342 mosaic, 487 concolor, 304 salt, 345 lxora, 693 laricis, 161, 304 smog,345 nervata, 304 soot, 345-346 Jacaranda, 693 Hypomyces, 161 sulfur, 346 Jack-bean, 694 ipomoea, 161 weed-killer, 347-349,348 Jack-in-the-pulpit, 694 solani, 383 winter, 349 leaf and stalk blight, 145 Hyponectria, 162 lnkberry, 690 Jacobinia, 694 buxi, 162 Ink spot of iris, 165-166 Jacobs-ladder, 780 Hypoxis, 828 of poplar, 258 Jacquemontia, 694 Index • 925

Jacquinia, 694 Keithia, 154 Lachnellula wilkommii, Jamesia, 694 Kellermannia, 162 203-204,211 Japanese andromeda, 771 anomala, 162 Lactuca, 584, 704-705 Japanese lawn grass, 873 sysyrinchi, 162 Ladys-fingers, 699 Japanese plum-yew, 587 yuccaegena, 162 Laestadia, 286 Japanese quince, 790 Kemate, 26 Laetiporus sulphureus, 407, Japanese-spurge, 7 49 Kentucky bluegrass, 665-667 407 Japanese walnut, 861-862 Kentucky coffee-tree, 698 Lagenaria, 663 Jasmine, 695 Kernel spot of pecan, 394 Lagenidiales, 65 blossom blight, 149 Kerria, 698 Lagerstroemia, 611 leaf spot, 260 leaf and twig blight, 161, Lagurus, 671 scab, 472 172 Lamarckia, 662 Jasminum, 695 leaf spot, 260 Laminum, 676 Jatropha, 695 Kidney bean, 550-552 Lance nematode, 320 Java black rot of sweet potato, Kidney vetch, 699 Lannate, 44 377 Kiwi, 699 Lantana, 700 Javanese root-knot nematode, Kiwi luster, 26 Lappula, 701 324 Kluyveromyces marvianus var. Larch, 701 Jerusalem artichoke, 539 marvianus, 388 canker, 203-204 Jerusalem-cherry, 695 Knapsack sprayers, 54 dieback, 213 bacterial canker, 101-102 Kniphofia, 699 needle and shoot blight, tobacco cyst nematode, 319 Knockmate, 26 161 Jetbead, 696 Knotroot bristlegrass, 699 rust, 438 Jobs-tears, 696 Koban,20 Larix, 701 Joe-pye weed, 638 Kobu,26 Larkspur, 620-621, 701 Jolt, 44 Kobutol, 26 Diaporthe blight, 154 Jonquil,737-738 Kochia, 699 Larrea, 611 Josephs-coat, 526 Kocide, 26 Larvacide, 17,26 Joshua-tree, 871-872 Koelreuteria, 660-661 Lasiobotrys affinis, 273 Judas-tree, 794 Kohleria, 699 Late blight of celery, 183-184 Juglans, 861-862 Kohl-rabi, 569-570 of potato and tomato, Jujube, 696 Kolkwitzia, 553 175-179,176,177, Juneberry, 527 Kop 300,26 178 Juniper, 696-698 Kop-Fume, 44 Lathyrus, 837-838 black mildew, 128 Krigia, 699-700 Laurel, 702 blight, 172 Kroma-Clor, 26 Laurestinus, 702 gall rust, 433 Kromad, 26 Laurus, 702 mistletoe, 298 K-Tea Algaecide, 26 Lavandula, 702 root rot, 378 Kudzu, 700 Lavatera, 702 Juniperus, 696-698 Kue 13032c, 26 Lavender, 702 Jupiters-beard, 855 Kue 13183b, 26 Lawn grasses, 665-667 Jussiaea, 864-865 Kuehneola, 436 Lawn-leaf, 624 malvicola, 436 Lawns, 702 Kabatia lonicerae, 273 uredinia, 436 Layia, 702 Kabatina juniperi, 211 Kuhnia, 700 Lead-plant, 527, 690 Kageneckia, 698 Kumquat, 700 Leadtree, 703 Kalanchoe, 698 Kumulan,26 Leaf blight, arborvitae, leaf spot, 258 Kumulus S, 26 154-155 Kale, 569-570 Kunkelia nitens, 436-437 aspidistra, 163 Kalmia, 734-735 Kutilakesa pironii, 241-242 boxwood, 162, 187 leaf spot, 278,284-285, Kypman, 26 calla, 174 284 Kypzin, 26 clematis, 171 Karabation, 26,44 fig,168 Karamate, 26 Labilite, 26 grass, 162, 168, 179 Karathane, 26 Laboulbeniales, 71 hackberry, 153 Kasugamycin, 26, 41 Labrador-tea, 703 hawthorn, 158, 164 Kasumin, 26 Labrelia aspidistrae, 163 iris, 165-166 Kayafume, 26, 44 Laburnum, 659 lilac, 287 K-Cop Liquid Agricultural mosaic, 487 lupine, 159 Fungicide, 26 Lachenalia, 578 may-apple, 183 926 • Index

Leaf blight (cont.) Leaf spot, 248-295 hydrangea, 284 mesquite, 181 abelia,255 hydrophyllium, 290 mountain-laurel, 172 angular, iris, 263-265, 264 osage-orange, 185 of bean, 272 ivy, 270, 283-284 parsley, 187 of cucurbits, 113 kalanchoe, 258, 294 parsnip, 162 of grapes, 277 kerria, 260 salsify, 185 apple, 261 lettuce, 250, 292 strawberry, 150 ash, 269,274,278 lupine, 253 sweet potato, 173 aspidistra, 252 magnolia, 284 viburnum, 164 aster, 253, 294 maple, 285, 290 yucca, 162 aucuba,281,283 marigold, 250,293 Leaf blister, birch, 244 bean,252,253 mountain-laurel, 284-285, buckeye, 244 beet, 255-256 284 chinquapin, 244 birch, 263, 268 mulberry, 263 elm, 245 black of Crucifers, 249-250 nandina, 257 hazelnut, 244 blackberry, 292-293 nephytis, 255 hornbeam, 244 bloodroot, 285 oak,249 maple, 244, 245 blueberry, 250, 285 okra, 251, 255 oak,244 bluegrass, 271, 292 olive, 262 poplar, 244, 245 Boston ivy, 270 palm, 268,281 yellow, 245 boxwood, 274 parsnip, 287 Leaf blotch, grasses, 191, 270, cabbage, 250, 258 passion flower, 250 291 calathea, 249 pea, 253, 257 horse-chestnut, 189 calendula, 255 peanut, 255,257 lilac, 188 calla, 285 pear, 261 pecan,189-190 camelia, 281, 283, 293 pecan,256 peony, 188 catalpa, 250,283 peony, 292 persimmon, 190 cherry, 250, 259-260 pepper, 256 plum, 190 Christmas-rose, 261 phlox, 292 pomegranate, 190 chrysanthemum, 263, 291 pittosporum, 257 potato, 188 citrus, 291 poinsettia, 207 Leaf curl, alder, 245 clematis, 252-253, 263 poplar, 258,274, 275,279 cherry, 244 clover, 285 potato, 255 peach,244-245 columbine, 255 primrose, 111-112,287 pelargonium, 486 crucifers, 249-250,255 radish, 250 peony, 491 cucurbits, 256, 291, 294 raspberry, 293 raspberry, 494 currant, 279 redbud, 278 Leaf fleck of grass, 2 7 4 cypripedium, 253 rhododendron,257,268, Leaf gall, anemone, 243 daisy, 250 281,285 azalea, 240, 241 daphne,268 rose,257,257-258 camellia, 240 dianthus, 291-292 rose-acacia, 250 red, 243 dieffenbachia, 118,255 sassafras, 249 rhododendron,240 dogwood,253,256,291 schefflera, 250, 251 Leaf mold, 300 dracaena, 285 sesame, 112 of grass, 2 71 eggplant, 257 smilax, 258 of tomato, 300 elm, 268, 290 snapdragon, 283 Leaf nematode of chrysanthe• English ivy, 119,251, soybean,258,285,287 mum, 311, 312 283-284 strawberry, 260 Leaf rust of cereals and grasses, fern, 250 sycamore, 295 444-468,468 foxglove, 287 syngonium, 255 Leaf scorch, 246-248, 341-342 geranium, 118, 120, 256, tobacco, 250 azalea, 247 281 tomato, 250,292,294 cactus, 247 gladiolus, 151-152,294 tupelo, 279,286 grapevines, 247 grass, 270,293 wallflower, 252 narcissus, 248 gray, 294 watermelon, 165,291 palm, 246 holly, 284 willow, 263 strawberry, 246-247 hollyhock,252,255 wisteria, 285 trees, 341-342 horse-radish, 117-118,252, witch-hazel, 284 Leaf smut, 461, 463 255,287 Leak, 409 Index • 927

Leatherleaf, 588 drop, 415 Linaria, 708 Leatherwood, 618, 703 leaf spot, 250,292 downy mildew, 233 Lebbek,703 marginal blight (Kansas Linden, 708-709 Ledum, 703 disease), 110 anthracnose, 96 spot anthracnose, 472 mosaic, 487 bleeding canker, 219-220 Leek, 703 Rio Grande disease, 121 dieback, 213-214 Legumes, powdery mildew Leucaena, 703 leaf blight, 148 of, 354-355 Leuchtenbergia, 570 scorch, 96 Leiophyllum, 806 Leucojum, 705 spot anthracnose, 473 Lembosia, 129 Leucothoe, 705 Lindera, 821 cactorum, 130 black spot, 128 Linnaea, 709 coccolobae, 130 blight, 152 Linospora gleditsiae, 27 4 illiciicola, 130 leaf spot, 281 Linum, 647 portoricensis, 130 Leveilla taurica, 355 Lions-ear, 709 rugispora, 130 Lewisia, 705 Lippia, 709 tenella, 130 LFA 910,27 spot anthracnose, 4 7 4 Lemon, 599-600, 703 LH 3012,27 Lipstick vine, 710 Lemon grass, 703 Liatris, 705-706 Liquidambar, 836 Lemon-verbena, 709 Libocedrus, 689 Liriodendron, 851 Lens, 704 Lichens, 295-296 Lirula macrospora, 304 Lentil, 704 Lightning injury, 342 Lithocarpus, 710 Lentinus, 388 Ligustrum, 706, 787 powdery mildew, 355 lepideus, 389 Lilac, 706-707 Lithophragma, 710 tigrinus, 389 blight, 114,174 Lithops, 830 Lenzites, 389 leaf blight, 160 Lithospermum, 710 betulina, 389 leaf blotch, 188 Litsea, 710, 781 saepiaria, 389 mildew, 355-356 Little leaf, 342, 349 Leonotis, 709 ring spot, 487 of pine, 402 Leontodon, 671 shoot blight, 17 4, 183 Lobelia, 710-711 Leonurus, 733 witches' broom, 487 Loblolly-bay, 663 Leopard's-bane, 627 Lilium, 707-708 Lobularia, 835 Lepidium, 767 Lily, 707-708 Locust, 711 Lepiota morgani, 237 basal rot, 381 canker, 204 Leptomitales, 64 black scale rot, 372 dieback, 213-214 Leptospermum, 704 Botrytis blight, 142, heart rot, 380 Leptosphaeria, 163 143-144 leaf spot, 259, 267 coniothyrium, 163, 197, color adding, 487 witches' broom, 488 211 color removing, 487 Loganberry, 710 korrae, 163, 389 dieback, 310-311 dwarf, 488 lindquistii, 399 fleck, 487 Lomatium, 712 thomasiana, 163 latent mosaic, 487 Lonacol, 27 Leptostromataceae, 78 ring spot, 487 London plane, 776-777 Leptostromella, elastica, rosette, 487 blight, 195 273 symptomless virus, 487 canker, 206-207,212 Leptothyrella liquidambaris, yellow flat, 487 Longidorus, 320 273 Lily-of-the-valley, 708 elongatus, 320 Leptothyrium, 273 Lima bean, 550-552 maxim us, 320 californicum, 274 downy mildew, 234-235 sylphus, 320 dryinum, 274 pod blight, 154-155 Lonicera, 683 periclymeni, 274 scab, 472 infectious variegation, 488 pomi, 239 yeast spot, 394 Loose smut, 462, 464, 467 Lesan, 27 Limb blight, 150 Loosestrife, 712 Lesion nematode, 327 Lime, 599-600 fringed, 712 Lettuce, 704-705 anthracnose, 92 Lophiostomataceae, 71 anthracnose, 96 Lime, hydrated, 13-14, 27 Lophodermella, 163 bacterial wilt, 121 Lime-induced chlorosis, 342 Lophodermium, 274,302 big vein, 487 Lime sulfur, 2 7 durilabrum, 304 bottom rot, 396-397 Limnophila sp., 535 filiforme, 304 downy mildew, 232 Limonium, 828-829 juniperinum, 304 928 • Index

Lophodermium (cont.) Nectlia canker, 215 mistletoe, 298 nitens, 304 petal spot, 141-143, 141 tar spot, 288, 289 piceae, 305 scab, 472 twig blight, 171 pinastri, 305 Mahogany, 717 wilt, 511-513 rhododendri, 274 Mahonia, 717 Maposol, 28, 44 seditiosum, 305 Maianthemum, 718 Maranta, 538, 722 Loquat, 712-713 Maidenhair-tree, 656 Marasmius oreades, 237 scab, 453 Maize, dwarf mosaic, 488 Marbleseed, 746 Lotus, 713 stunt, 488 Marginal browning, 342 Louisiana broomrape, 191 white line mosaic, 488 Marguerite, 722 Louisiana lettuce disease, Malachite, 27 Marigold, 722-723 116 Malachra, 718 Botrytis on, 142 Lousewort, 869 Malacothrix, 718 leaf spot, 250,293 Love-lies-bleeding, 526 Maleberry, 715 Marigold, pot, 572-573 Lucuma, 713 Mallotus, 718 Mariposa-lily, 723 Ludwigia, 713 Mallow, garden, 718 Marrubium, 679 Luffa, 663 root rot, 389-390 Marsh marigold, 723 Lunaria, 682 Malus, 610 Marssonina, 96 Lupine, 713-714 sylvestris, 530-533 brunnea, 274 downy mildew, 234 Malva,718 daphnes, 275 leaf blight, 159 Malvastrum, 718 delastrei, 2 7 5 leaf spot, 253 Malvaviscus, 719 fraxini, 275 seedling blight, 180 Mammillaria, 570-571 juglandis, 95,275 Lupinus, 713-714 Mancozeb, 27 ochroleuca, 275 Luzula, 869 Maneb,27-28 panattoniana, 96 Lychee, 714 Maneba,28 populi,275 Lychnis, 714 Manebgan, 28 rhabdospora, 275 Lycium, 715,723 Manesan, 28 rosae, 275 Lycoperdales, 76 Manex,28 truncalata, 2 7 5 Lycopersicon, 845-848 Manex80, 28 Massaria platani, 212 Lycopus, 863 Manfreda, 719 Mastigosporum rubricosum, Lycoris, 715 Manganese deficiency, 342 274 Lyonia, 715 Mangifera, 719 Matelea, 723 black mildew, 128 Mango, 719 Matricaria, 723 Lysiloma, 715 scab, 472 Matrimony-vine, 723 Lysimachia, 712 stem rot, 376 Matthiola, 830 Lysol, 27 Verticilium wilt, 511-515 Maurandya, 724 Lythrum, 715 Mangrove, 719 Mauritius-hemp, 724 Manihot, 719-720 May-apple, 724 M9834, 27 Manioc, 719-720 leaf blight, 183 Maackia, 716 Manzanita, 720 Mayflower, 634 Macadamia, 716 witches' broom, 240-241 MBC, 28 Madura, 748 Manzate, 28 MC1053,28 Macrophoma, 212 Manzate 200 Fungicide, 28 M-Diphar, 28 candollei, 212,274 Manzeb, 28 M-Dipher, 28 cupressi, 212 Maple, 720-722 Meadow-beauty, 724, 794 phoradendron, 212 anthracnose, 92 Meadow nematodes, 326-327 tumefaciens, 212 bacterial leaf spot, 109 Meadow parsnip, 873 Macrophomina, 389 bark patch, 192 Meadow-rue, 724 phaseoli, 164, 183, 389-390 basal canker, 221 Meadowsweet, 725,823 phaseolina, 390 bleeding canker, 219-220 Measles, peony, 188 Madrone, 716 brown mottled heart rot, MEB6447,28 canker, 209 398 MeBr, 44 Magnesium deficiency, 342 canker, 204, 223 Medeola, 690 Magnesium sulfate, 27 dieback, 213 Medicago, 725 Magnetic 70,27 inflorescence blight, 149 Medlar, 725 Magnolia, 716-717 leaf blight, 92 Megachytriaceae, 63 black mildew, 129, 130 leaf blister, 244, 245 Melampsora, 437, 437 leaf spot, 250, 266, 276, leaf spot, 261, 282, 285, abietis-capraearum, 4 3 7 284 290 abietis-canadensis, 437 Index • 929

albertensis, 437 Melon, 725-726 Microthyriella, 239 artica, 437 anthracnose, 90 cuticulosa, 276 bigelowii, 438 blight, 156 rubi, 239 farlowii, 437-438 fruit rot, 409 Mignonette, 727-728 hypericorum, 438 Melothria, 726 leaf spot, 257 medusae, 438 Melprex, 28 Mikania, 728 occidentalis, 438 Meltatox, 28 Mil-Col, 29 paradoxa, 438 Melting-out of grass, 270 Milcurb, 29 ribesii-purpureae, 438 Menispermum, 732 Mildews, black, 127-130 Melampsoraceae, 74 Mentha, 729 downy, 231-237 Melampsorella caryo• Mentzelia, 726 powdery, 349-361, 350 phyllacearum, 438 Menziesia, 727 Mildex, 26, 29 cerastii, 438 Mepronil, 28 Mildothane, 29 Melampsoridium betulinum, Mercuran, 28 Milesia, 439 438 Mercury toxicity, 342 fructuosa, 439 Melancomium, 275 Meria laricis, 213 laeviuscula, 439 fuligineum, 390 Merpan, 28 marginalis, 439 pandani, 275 Merry-bells, 854 pycnograndis, 439 Melanconiaceae, 78 Mertect, 28 polypodophila, 439 Melanconiales, 77, 78 Mertensia, 727 Milk thistle, 728 Melanconidiaceae, 70 Mescalbean, 819 Milkvine, 859 Melanconis juglandis, Mesembryanthemum, 727 Milkwort, 728 212-213 Mespilus, 725 Miltox, 29 Melanose of citrus, 376 Mesquite, 727 Mimosa, 728 Melanospora, 301 leaf blight, 181 twig canker, 208, 213-214 Melanthium, 567 Metalaxyl, 28 wilt, 509-510 Melasmia, 275 Metam 32.7, 44 Mimulus, 728-729 falcata, 2 7 6 Metam 42,44 Mint, 729 menziesii, 276 Metam-Fluid BASE 44 Mirabilis, 648 Melia, 592-593 Metam-Sodium, 28, 44 Mistletoe, 296-299,297,729 Melilotus, 725 Metham, 44 California, 297 Meliola, 130 Metham-Sodium, 44 canker, 209-210 amphitricha, 130 Methanal, 28 dwarf types, 298-299,730 bidentata, 130 Meth-0-Gas, 44 eastern, 298 camelliae, 130 Methomyl, 44-45 hairy, 298 cookeana, 130 Methyl bromide, 28-29, 45 incense cedar, 298 cryptocarpa, 130 Methyl Isothiocyanate, 45 juniper, 298 lippiae, 130 Methylmetiram, 29 Texas, 298 magnoliae, 130 Methyl Thiophanate, 29 Mist sprayers, 51 nidulans, 130 Metiram, 29 Mitchella, 755 palmicola, 130 Metiram-Complex, 29 Mitella, 556-557 tenuis, 130 Mezene, 29 Mobilawn, 45 wrightli, 130 Mezineb, 29 Mocap,45 Meliolaceae, 69 MF-344, 29 Mock-cucumber, 730 Melissa, 547 Micofume, 29,45 Mock-orange,730 Melogrammataceae, 71 Micromeria, 871 Mock-strawberry, 730 Meloidodera floridensis, Micropeltaceae, 70 downy mildew, 234 320 Micropeltis, 164 Mold(s), 299-301 Meloidoderita, 321 alabamensis, 276 black, 300, 301 Meloidogyne, 321-323,321, viburni, 164 leaf, 300 322 Microsphaera, 351, 355 seed, 287 arenaria, 323 alni, 355-356 sooty, 468-470 arenaria thamesii, 323 var. vaccinii, 356 white, of sweetpea, 301 chitwoodi, 323 diffusa, 356 Mollisiaceae, 72 graminicola, 323 euphorbiae, 356 Molucella, 555 hapla, 323-324 grossulariae, 356 Molybdenum toxicity, incognita, 324 penicillata, 356 342-344 incognita, acrita, 324 Microstroma juglandis, 276 Mombin, 823 incognita incognita, 324 Microthyriaceae, 70 scab, 475 javanica, 324 Microthyriales, 70 Momordica, 547 930 • Index

~onarda,730-731 corn, 484 Mountain andromeda, 771 ~onardella, 731 cowpea, 484 Mountain-ash, 733-734 ~onceren, 29 cucumber, 484-485 fire blight, 103-105 ~oneses, 731 currant, 485 leaf spot, 269 ~oneywort, 712 cymbidium, 489 mistletoe, 298 ~onillaceae, 78 dahlia, 485 Mountain ebony, 549 ~onillales, 7 8 dodder latent, 485 Mountain-heather, 734 ~onilinia, 164 elm, 485 Mountain-holly, 734-735 azaleae, 164 euonymus, 486 Mountain-laurel, 734 fructicola, 164, 390-392, fig,486 leaf blight, 172 391 geranium, 486 leaf spot, 278, 284-285, johnsonii, 164 gladiola, 486 284 laxa,164,390,392 grape yellow, 486 Mountain-mahogany, 735 oxycocci, 397 henbane,486 Mountain-mint, 735 rhododendri, 164 hollyhock,486 Mountain-sorrel, 735 urnula, 392 iris, 487 Mucilago spongiosa, 459 ~onilochaetes infuscans, 393, laburnum, 487 Mucor, 66,393 458 lettuce, 487 mucedo, 393 Monkey-flower, 728-729 mild, of gladiolus, 477 piriformis, 393 ~onkey-puzzle tree, 536 muskmelon, 488 racemosus, 393 Monkshood, 731 mustard, 488 Mucoraceae,66 Monkshood vine, 731 narcissus, 487 ~ucorales, 66, 66 Monoblepharidales, 64 nasturtium, 488 Mulberry, 735-736 Monochaetia, 213 nothoscordum, 488 bacterial blight, 113-114 desmazierii, 276 ornithogalum, 489 leaf spot, 263, 278 mali, 213 pea,490 popcorn disease, 149 Monox,29 pea enation, 489 twig blight, 166 Monstera, 732 peach, 490 twig canker, 208,213-214 Montbretia, 849 peach rosette, 491 Mullein, 736 Montia, 732 pelargonium, 486 Mummy berry, 392 ~oonflower, 732 pepper, 492 ~usa nana, 548 Moonseed, 732 pepper vein banding, 492 Muscari, 665 Morea, 732 potato aucuba, 492 Mushroom, oxyster, 736 Morenoella, 130 potato leaf rolling, 492 Mushroom root rot, 364-366, angustiformis, 130 potato rugose, 492 365,371-372 ilicis, 130 primrose, 493 Mushrooms, 73-76, 73 orinoides, 130 prune constricting, 493 Muskmelon, 725-726 quercina, 277 radish, 493 fruit rot, 409 Morestan, 29 raspberry, 494 mosaic, 488 Morinda, 732 raspberry yellow, 494 wilt, 509 scab, 474 rose, 494 Musk-root, 521, 736 Morning-glory, 732-733 Color Plate 20 Mustard greens, 736-737 stem canker, 225 rose yellow, 495 mosaic, 488 Morocide, 12, 29 soybean,495 root rot, 364 Morrocid, 29 soybean yellow, 495 Mycodifol, 29 Morus, 735-736 squash, 495 Mycoshield, 41 Mosaic, abutilon, 475 Color Plate 5E Mycosphaerella, 96, 252 apple, 476 stock, 495 angulata, 277 bean, 477 streptanthera, 496 arachidicola, 255,277 southern, 477 teasel, 497 aurea, 277 yellow, 477 tigridia, 497 berkeleyi, 257,277 canna, 479 tobacco, 497 bolleana, 277 carnation, 479 tomato, 498 brassicicola, 277 cattleya, 489 tritonia, 499 caroliniana, 277 cauliflower, 480 turnip, 500 carygena, 277-278 celery, 480 watermelon, 500 cerasella, 256, 278 cherry rugose, 481 wisteria, 500 cercidicola, 2 7 8 chrysanthemum,482 Motherwort, 733 citri, 278 cineraria, 482 Mottle, carnation, 479 citrullina, 165 clover, 484 pea, 490 colorata, 278,284-285,284 coleus, 484 Mottle leaf, 344 cruenta, 278 Index • 931

dendroides, 189-190 Nabasam, 30 Needle rust, of pine, 424-425 diospyri, 190 Naccobus, 324 spruce, 424-425 effigurata, 2 7 8 batatiformis, 325 Nellite, 45 fragariae, 278 dorsalis, 325 Nelumbo, 713 fraxiniccla, 278 Nacobbodera chitwoodi, 325 Nemacur, 30,45 grossulariae, 279 Naemacyclus niveus, 305 Nemaspor, 30 juglans, 278 Nailhead spot of tomato, Nemafene, 45 laricina, 305 250-251 Nemafume, 45 ligulicola, 138 Nandina, 737 Nemagon, 45 liriodendri, 278 leaf spot, 257 Nemanex, 45 louisianae, 278 Naramycin, 30 Nemaset, 45 lythracearum, 190 Narcissus, 737-738 Nemasol, 45 melonis, 165 basal rot, 382 Nematanthus, 739 milleri, 257 bulb nematode, 315-316 Nematocides, 7, 41-46 mori, 278 chocolate spot, 487 Nematodes, 306-331 nigromaculans, 278-279 fire, 182-183 American dagger, 331 nyssaecola, 279 flower streak, 487 awl, 316 opuntiae, 96-97 green mold rot, 420 begonia leaf blight, 312 personata, 279 leaf scorch, 247 boxwood spiral, 328 pinodes, 138-139,165 mosaic, 487 bud and leaf, 312 pomi, 239 silver leaf, 487 burrowing, 327-328 populicola, 279 smoulder, 414-415 cabbage cyst, 318 populorum, 279 white mold, 287-288 cactus cyst, 318 psilospora, 279 white streak, 487 California dagger, 329 rabiei, 165 yellow stripe, 487 California sessile, 325 ribis, 279 Nasturtium, 738 Carnation pin, 325 rosicola, 257-258,279 bacterial spot, 112-113 Caroline spiral, 329 rubi, 279 mosaic, 488 carrot cyst, 318 sen tina, 2 79 Nasturtium officinale, 862 celery pin, 325 sequoiae, 165 Natal-Plum, 580 Chambers' dagger, 331 tecomae, 148 Natriphene, 30 Christie's spiral, 329 Mycosphaerella blight of pea, Neck rot, 368 Christie's stubby root, 329 138-139 Nectarine, 738-739 Chrysanthemum foliar, 311, Mycosphaerellaceae, 71 dieback, 225 312 Mycosyrinx osmundae, 461 leafspot, 261 Color Plate 6E Mylone, 19, 29,45 Nectria, 196 citrus, 329 Myocentrospora, 279 cinnabarina, 213-214 citrus ring, 314 Myosotis, 647-648 coccinea var. faginata, 214 clover cyst, 319 Myrlanglaceae, 69 desmazierii, 214 Cobb's meadow, 326 Myriangiales, 67, 69 ditissima, 214 Cobb's ring, 314 Myrica california, 750 galligena, 214-215 Cobb's spiral, 317 carolinensis, 549 haematococca, 383 Cobb's stubby root, 329 cerifera, 865 magnoliae, 215 Columbia root-knot, 323 gale, 836 Nectria canker, of beech, 214 corn cyst, 319 Myriogenospora atramentosa, of boxwood, 187 corn meadow, 327 165 Nectriaceae, 70 cotton root-knot, 324 Myriophyllum, 754 Nectrioidaceae, 78 crown-headed lance, 320 Myrothecium roridum, Needle blight, 155, 156, 161 currant, 311 279-280,393 fir, 161,170,179-180,305 cyst, 318 Myrtle, 737 hemlock, 155, 181 dagger, 331 Myrtus, 737 larch, 161, 305 decline, 314, 329 Mystrosporium adustum, pine, 156 De Man's meadow, 326 165-166 redwood, 165 European dagger, 329 Myxosporium, 166 yew, 185 false root-knot, 325 diedickii, 166 Needle cast, 301-306 fern, 310 everhartii, 166 Balsam fir, 302, 304 fig cyst, 318 nitidum, 166 Douglas-fir, 302, 306 fig pin, 325 fir, 302,303, 305, 306 fig spine, 314 N521, 45 larch, 304, 305 foliar, 325 25EC, 29,41 pine,303,304,305 Godfrey's meadow, 326 Nabam, 29-30 spruce, 304, 306 golden, 319 932 • Index

Nematodes (cont.) Neurospora sitophila, 394 rust, fusiform, 427-428 grass, 309 New York apple-tree canker, sheathoid nematode, 317 grass cyst, 318 219,401 Sphaeropsis canker, 218-219 grass sheath, 318 New Zealand flax, 739 strumella canker, 224 hop cyst, 318 New Zealand spinach, twig blight, 151, 156 Javanese, root-knot, 324 739-740 twig canker, 221 lance, 320 NIA9044,30 wilt,503 lesion, 327 NIA9102,30 Oats, cyst nematode, 318 northern root-knot, 323-324 NIA 10242, 45 downy mildew on, 237 oak sheathoid, 317 Niacide, 30 crown rust, 444 oat cyst, 318 Nicandra, 533 Ocean spray, 682 Pacific dagger, 329 Nicotiana, 740 Ocimum,549 pine sheathoid, 317 Nidulariales, 76 Oconee-bells, 812 potato rot, 315 Night-blooming cereus, 740 Ocotillo, 648, 743 reniform, 328 Nightshade, 740 Odontoglossum ring spot, rice root-knot, 323 foliar nematode, 325 489 ring, 313 Nigrospora oryzae, 394 Oedema, 344 root-knot, 323, 325 Nimrod, 30 Oenothera, 743 Scribner's meadow, 326 Ninebark, 740 Ofurace, 30 Seinhorst stubby root, 329 Nitrador, 30 Oidium,356 smooth-headed meadow, Nitrogen deficiency, 344 begoniae, 356 326 Nitrogen excess, 344 euonymus japonici, 356 southern root-knot, 324 Nocardia vaccinii, 242 obductum, 356 soybean cyst, 318 Nomersan, 30 pyrinum, 356 spring dwarf, 310-311 Nonparasitic diseases, 333-349 tingitaninum, 356-357 Steiner's spiral, 317 Nordox SD-45, 30 Okra, 744 stem and bulb, 315-316 Nordox SD-50, 30 leaf spot, 251, 255 sting, 313 Norfolk-Island-pine, 536 pod spot, 251 sugar-beet, 319 Northern corn leaf blight, Olea, 744-745 sugar-cane stylet, 330 160 Oleander, 744 summer dwarf, 310 Northern root-knot nematode, bacterial gall, 115-116 Tarjan's sheath, 318 323-324 dodder, 229 Tesselate stylet, 330 Northwestern apple anthrac• scab, 474 Thames' root-knot, 323 nose, 97 Oleocuivre, 30 Thorne's meadow, 326 Nothanguina phyllobia, 325 Oleo Nordox, 30 Thome's needle, 320 Nothoscordum, 526, 741 Olive, 744-745 tobacco cyst, 319 mosaic, 488 knot, 115 walnut meadow, 327 Nudrin, 45 leaf spot, 262 West African spiral, 328 Nummilaria discreta, 215 Olpidiaceae, 63 wheat, 309 Nuphar, 863 Olpidium brassicae, 394-395 yam, 329 Nursery blight, 172 OM-2424, 30 Zimmerman's spiral, 317 Nutsedge, 741 Omphalia, 395 Zoysia spine, 314 cyst nematode, 318 pigmentata, 395 Nematospora, 393 Nu-Z, 30 tralucida, 395 coryli, 394 Nymphaea, 863 Omphalina, 395 phaseoli, 394 Nymphoides, 741 OMS771,45 Nemopanthus, 734 Nyssa, 852 Oncidium ring spot, 489 Nemophila, 739 Nyssopsora clavellosa, 439 Oncoba, 745 Neofabraea, 97 Onion, 745-746 malicorticis, 97 Oak, 741-743 bacterial bulb rot, 111 perennans, 215-216 anthracnose, 93,93, 96 basal rot, 381 Neopeckia coulteri, 166 bacterial wetwood, 107-108 blast, 335 Neottiospora yuccifolia, 280 bark patch, 192 bloat, 315-316 Neovossia iowensis, 462 black mildew, 276 downy mildew, 232-233 Nepeta, 584 canker, 194,204,219-220 neck rot, 368 Nephis, 45 Dothiorella canker, 206 pink root, 408 Nephrolepis, 640 heart rot, 398 purple blotch, 187 Nephthytis, 739 leaf blister, 244 smudge, 372 leaf spot, 255 leaf spot, 249,272,274, smut, 463-464 Nerine, 739 279 sour skin rot, 110 Nerium, 744 powdery mildew, 355,359 stemphylium blight, 185 Index • 933

white rot, 416 Ovularia, 280 Pandanus, 753 yellow dwarf, 489 aristolochiae, 280 Panicum, 840 Onobrychis, 806 pulchella, 280 mosaic, 489 Onoclea, 643 Ovulinia, 136,166 Pansoil, 31 Onosmodium, 746 azaleae, 166-168 Pansy, 753 Onygenaceae,69 Owls clover, 7 48 Alternaria blight, 138 Oomycetes, 64-65,65 Oxadinyl, 30 anthracnose, 92 Oospora, 395 Oxalis, 748-749 Botrytis on, 143 citri-aurantii, 395 Oxeye daisy, 619 scab, 475 lactis, 395 Oxybaphus, 854 Papaver, 782 Ophiodothella vaccinii, 280 Oxycarboxin, 30 Papaya,754 Ophioglossum, 640 Oxydendron, 749 crown rot, 368 Ophionectria, 216 twig blight, 185 Paper-mulberry, 565 balsamea, 216 Oxygen deficiency, 344 Paratylenchus, 325 scolecospora, 216 Oxyquinoline sulfate, 30 anceps, 325 Oplismenus, 746 Oxyria, 735 dianthus, 325 Oplopanax, 622 Oxythioquinox, 30 epacris, 325 Opuntia, 571 Oyster mushroom, 749 hamatus, 325 black spot, 266 projectus, 325 Orange, 599-600,746 Pachistima, 749 Parinol, 31 Orange rust of blackberry, Pachyma cocos, 408 Parkinsonia, 754 431,436-437 Pachysandra, 7 49 Parnassia, 668 Orchardgrass, 665-667 leaf and stem blight, 187 Parnon, 31 Orchids, 747-748 Pacific dagger nematode, 329 Parrotfeather, 7 54 anthracnose, 89 Pacific wax myrtle, 7 50 Parsley, 754-755 black spot, 268 Paecilonmyces buxi, 395 leaf blight, 187 blossom brown necrotic Paeonia, 764-765 mosaic, 121 streak, 489 Pagoda tree, 819 stem blight, 154 brown rot, 107 dieback, 205 Parsnip, 755 mosaics, 489 Paintbrush blister rust, 427 leaf blight, 162 ring spots, 489 Painted cup, 750 leaf spot, 287 Color Plate 1[, 1F Painted-tongue, 805 Parthenium, 669 sabralia blight, 268 Pallinal, 31 Parthenocissus quinquefolia, wilt, 508 Palm, areca, 750 860 Orchid-tree, 549 coconut, 750 tricuspidata, 692-693 Oregon-grape, 717 date, 750-751 Partridge-berry, 755 Oriental flowering spirea, 823 fishtail, 7 51 Parzate, 31 Oriental plane, 776-777 plumy coconut, 751 Passiflora, 755-756 Ornalin, 30 queen, 751 Passion-flower, 755-756 Ornithogalum, 828 rhapis, 751 brown spot, 250 mosaic, 489 royal, 752 leaf spot, 260 Orobanche ludoviciana, 191 sugar, 752 Pastinaca, 755 racemosa, 191-192 Washington, 752 Pateliariaceae, 72 Orontium, 660 Palm diseases, 750-752 Pathogens, classification of, Orthocarpus, 748 black scorch, 246 60-85 Orthocide, 15, 30 bud rot, 397, 404 Paulownia, 756 Ortho-Phenylphenol, 30 butt rot, 384 Pawpaw, 756 Orthoxenol, 30 decline disease, 395 PCNB, 31 Osage-orange, 7 48 false smut, 461 Pea, 756-757 leaf blight, 185 greasy spot, 2 70 anthracnose, 91 Osier, 748 leaf and stalk rot, 377 Ascochyta blight, 138-139, blister canker, 199 leaf spot, 116, 251, 262, 165 Osman thus american us, 622 266,267,268,270, bacterial blight, 115 fragrans, 837 281,282 black leaf, 267 ilicifolius, 682 lethal yellowing, 214 blight, 138-139,165 Osmaronia, 7 48 Color Plate 1A, 1B downy mildew, 234 Osmorhiza, 839 Penicillium disease, 216-217 enation mosaic, 489 Osmunda, 642 Palmetto, 752 foot rot, 366 Osoberry, 7 48 Paloverde, 753 hop cyst nematode, 318 Ostropaceae, 72 Pampas grass, 753 leaf spot, 253, 257 Ostrya, 684 Panax,656-657 mosaic, 490 934 • Index

Pea (cont.) canker, 194,218 Peony, 764-765 mottle, 490 decline, 491 anthracnose, 94 root rot, 363-364 dieback, 213-214 Botrytis blight, 142, rust, 451 fire blight, 103,103-105 144-145 scab, 453 leaf blight, 157 Color Plate 8B streak, 490 leaf spot, 279 leaf blotch, 188 wilt, 490 mistletoe, 298 leaf curl, 491 Peach,757-759 Nectria canker, 214-215 leaf spot, 292 anthracnose, 94 ripe rot, 394 measles, 188 asteroid spot, 490 scab, 457-458 ring spot, 491 black mold, 367 stony pit, 491 Peperomia, 7 65 brown rot, 390-392 twig blight, 172 ring spot, 491 calico, 490 Pearl everlasting, 528 Pep lis diandra, 535 canker, 194 Pea-tree, 762-763 Pepper, 765-767 dwarf, 490 Pecan, 763-764 anthracnose, 93 fruit rot, 377, 384 brown leaf spot, 256-257 bacterial canker, 101-102 golden net, 490 canker, 203 cyst nematode, 319 leaf curl, 244-245, 245 downy spot, 277-278 fruit rot, 372, 376 leaf and shoot blight, 164 kernel spot, 394 Fusarium wilt, 507 little peach, 490 leaf blotch, 189-190 leaf spot, 256 mildew, 359 leaf spot (white mold), 276 mosaics, 492 mosaic, 490 liver spot, 268 mottle, 492 mottle, 490 root rot, 371-372 Phoma rot, 399 necrotic leaf spot, 490 scab, 452-453 Phytophthora blight, 174 perennial canker, 225 spot anthracnose, 473 ripe rot, 372 phony disease, 490 vein spot, 269 rot, 399 red suture, 490-491 Peconazole, 31 vein banding mosaic, 492 ring spot, 491 Pedicularis, 869 Pepper-grass, 767 root rot, 375 Pelargonium, 653-654 Peppermint (see Mint) rot, rosette, 491 bacterial leaf spot, 118, 382 rosette mosaic, 491 120 Pepper vine, 767 rust, 449-450 blossom blight, 142 Peraphyllum, 827 scab, 452 leaf curl, 486 Perecot, 31 shoot blight, 150 mosaic, 486 Perennial canker, 215-216, stubby twig, 491 rust, 447 225 twig canker, 208, 213-214 Pellaea, 641 Perennial pea, 837-838 wart, 491 Pellicularia, 168 Perenox, 31 western X-disease, 122-123 filamentosa, 87, 150, 168, Peridermium, 439 X-disease, 123 396-397 appalachianum, 427 yellow bud, 491 f. sp. microsclerotia, 168 bethelii, 439 yellow leaf roll, 123 f. sp. sasakii, 168 ornamentale, 439 yellows, 123 f. sp. timsii, 168 rugosum, 439 Peacock spot, 262 koleroga, 150, 168-169 Perisporiales, 69 Peanut, 759-760 rolfsii, 169-170, 416 Periwinkle, 858-859 crown rot, 367 Peltrandra, 538 canker, 218 damping-off, 227-228 Penconzeb, 31 Peronospora, 231, 232 early leaf spot, 255 Penicillium, 216 antirrhini, 232 leaf spot, 257, 277 digitatum, 397 arborescens, 232 mottle, 491 expansum, 397 arthuri, 232 pod rot, 414 gladioli, 397 destructor, 232-233 rootrot, 414, 415 italicum, 397 dianthicola, 233 rust, 442 martensii, 397 effusa, 233 stunt, 491 roseum, 397 fragariae, 233 web blotch, 190 vermoeseni, 216-217, 397 grisea, 233 wilt, 511 Peniophora luna, 398 lepidii, 233 Peanut stunt virus, 491 Pennisetum, 764 leptosperma, 233 Pear, 761-762 Penstemon, 764 linariae, 233 bitter rot, 384 Pentachloronitrobenzene, lophanthi, 233 black end, 335 31 manshurica, 233 black pox, 238, 239 Pentagen, 31 myosotidis, 233 Index • 935

oxybaphi, 233 curtisii, 282 mariae, 171 parasitica, 233-234 infestans, 171 piceina, 171 pisi, 234 Phaeocryptopus gaumonni, strobiligena, 171 potentiallae, 234 301-302 Phoma fruit spot, 239 rubi, 234 Phaeotrichoconis crotolariae, rot, 299 rumicis, 234 282 stemgall, 242 schactii, 234 Phakopsora cherimoliae, Phomopsis, 136,172 sparsa, 234 439 alnea, 217 tabacina, 234 jatrophicola, 439 ambigua, 172 trifoliorum, 234 pachyrhizi, 439 arnoldia, 217 Peronosporaceae, 65 vitis, 441 boycei, 217 Peronosporales, 65 zizyphi-vulgaris, 439 diospyri, 172 Persea americana, 544-545 Phalaris, 796 elaeagni, 217 borbonia, 794 Phallales, 7 6 gardeniae, 217-218 Persimmon, 767-768 Phaltan, 23, 31 japonica, 172 leaf blotch, 190 Phaseolus acutifolius, 552 juniperovora, 172 mistletoe, 298 angularis, 549 kalmiae, 172 tar spot, 276 aureus, 552 livella, 218 twig blight, 172 coccineus, 552 lokoyae, 218 wilt, 502 limensis, 550-552 mali, 218, 399 Pestalotia, 170 vulgaris, 550-552 oblonga, 172 aquatica, 280 Phellinus igniarius, 379 occulta, 172 aucubae, 281 Phenamiphos, 31 padina, 218 cliftoniae, 281 Phenostat H, 31 pseudotsugae, 217 funerea, 170, 281 Phentinacetate, 31 vaccinii, 172, 399 guepini, 281 Phenylphenol, 31 vexans, 154, 172 hartigli, 170 Phialophora, 398 Phomopsis diseases leucothoes, 281 graminicola, 171 blight of eggplant, 154 longisetula, 398 malorum, 398 canker, 217, 218 macrotricha, 281 Philadelphus, 730 disease of conifers, 217 palmarum, 281 Philibertia, 7 69 stem end rot of citrus, 376 rhododendri, 281 Philodendron, 769 stem gall, 242 Pestalozziella subsessilis, 281 leaf rot, Color Plate 4B Phony disease of peach, 490 Pesticides, sources of, 4 7-50 root rot, 409 Phoradendron, 729 Pestmaster, 45 Phlebia chrysocrea, 398 californicum, 297 Petal blight of azalea, 166-168 Phleomycin, 31 flavescens, 298 of chrysanthemum, 162 Phleospora, 171 juniperinum, 298 Petalostemon, 768 aceris, 282 libocedri, 2 9 8 Petasites, 7 68 adusta, 171 serotinum, 298 PETD, 31 Phloem necrosis of elm, 122 tomentosum, 298 Petroselinum, 754-755 Phlox, 770 villosum, 298 Petunia, 768-769 leaf spot, 292 Phorate TSK, 31 crown rot, 404 mildew, 352-354, 353 Phormium tenax, 739 Pezicula, 217 stem blight, 179 Phosphorus deficiency, 344 carpinea, 217 stem and bulb nematode, Photinia, 771 coflicola, 217 315-316 crown rot, 402 pruinosa, 217 streak, 492 Phragmidium, 437,440 Pezizaceae, 70 Phoenix, 750-751 americanum, 440 Pezizales, 70 Phoenix-tree, 770 disciflorum, 440 Pezizella oenotherae, 281-282 Pholiota adiposa, 398 fusiforme, 440 pH, 334 Phoma, 196,242 montivagum, 440 Phacelia, 573 apiicola, 399 mucronatum, 440, 441 Phacidiaceae, 71 arachidicola, 190 rosae-acicularis, 440 Phacidiales, 71 betae, 399 rosae-arkansanae, 440 Phacidiella coniferarum, 217 conidiogena, 171 rosae-californicae, 440 Phacidiopycnis pseudotsugae, destructiva, 399 rosae-pimpinellifoliae, 217 eupyrena, 305 441 Phacidium, 170 fumosa, 171 rosicola, 441 abietinellum, 170 lingam, 127 rubi-idaei, 441 balsameae, 170 macdonaldii, 171, 399 speciosum, 441 936 • Index

Phragmidium (cont.) Physalospora corticis, 17 3 Pieris, 771 subcorticium, 440 corticis, 218 Pigeon pea, 772 tuberculatum, 440 dracaenae, 17 3 Piggotia fraxini, 278 Phragmodothella ribesia, 218 glandicola, 218 Pilea, 539 Phragmopyxis acuminata, 441 gregaria, 173 Pileolaria, 441 Phygon,20,32 ilicis, 284 cotini-coggyriae, 441 Phyllachora, 283 miyabeana, 219 patzcuarensis, 441 graminis, 283 mutila, 401 Pimenta, 524 sylvatica, 283 obtusa,173,219,401 Pimpinella anisum, 529 Phyllactinia, 351,357-358 rhodina, 219,401 Pine, 772-775 angulata, 358 Physarum cinereum, 459 bleeding canker, 223 corylea, 358 Physocarpus, 740 blight, 156 guttata, 358 Physoderma maydis, 285-286 blister rust of white, Phyllodoce,734 Physodermataceae, 63 427-430 Phyllostachys, 547 Physopella, 441 Botrytis on, 142 Phyllosticta, 173, 252 ampelopsidis, 441 brown felt blight, 166 althaeina, 283 compressa, 441 brown spot needle blight, antirrhini, 283 fici, 424 186 aucubae, 283 Physostegia, 771 canker, 193-194,195,203, batatas, 173 Phytomycin, 32,41 222,225 brassicicola, 277 Phyton-27, 32,41 cone rust, 427,430 camelliae, 283 Phytophthora, 173-174 dieback, 147 camelliaecola, 283 cactorum, 174,219-220, gall rust, 428 catalpae, 283 401-402, 511 gray blight, 157 circumscissa, 283 capsid, 174,402 little leaf, 402 citrullina, 165 cinnamomi, 174, 221,402, mistletoe, 299 concentrica, 283 511 needle blight, 156 congesta, 190 citricola, 402 needle cast, 163, 303, 304, cookei, 284 citrophthora, 174,402-403 305 cryptomeriae, 173 cryptogea, 403 needle rust, 424, 425 decidua, 284 var. richardiae, 403 pitch canker, 207 hamamelidis, 284 drechsleri, 403 root rot, 404, 406 hydrangeae, 284 erythroseptica, 174, 403 sheathoid nematode, 317 ilicis, 284 fragariae, 403 shoot blight, 185 kalmicola, 278,284-285, ilicis, 174 stem rust, 426,427 284 infestans, 175-179, 176, twig blight, 147 lagerstroemia, 173 177,178 Pineapple, 775 liriodendrica, 278 lateralis, 403-404 Pink, garden, 623 maculicola, 285 megasperma, 404 Pink patch of turf, 3 7 4 maxima,285 megasperma f .sp. glycine a, Pink root of onion, 408 minima,285 404 Pink snowmold, 467-468 nyssae, 279 nicotianae var. nicotianae, Pink watery rot of potato, pteridis, 17 3 404 403 richardiae, 285 nicotianae var. parasitica, Pin nematodes, 325 saccardoi, 285 174,404 Pinon blister rust, 428 sanguinariae, 285 palmivora, 404 Pinus, 772-775 solitaria, 190 parasitica, 177,404 Piperalin, 32 vaccinii, 285 var. nicotianae, 404 Pipron, 32 viridis, 278 phaseoli, 234-235 Pipsissewa, 775 wistariae, 285 sojae, 404 Piptoporus betulinus, 406 Phyllostictaceae, 77 syringae, 177, 221 Piqueria, 829 Phyllostictina vaccinii, 285 terrestris, 404 Piricularia grisea, 179 Phyltaena ficuum, 282 Phytotoxicity, 8,13-14 Pirostoma nyssae, 286 Phyltidiaceae, 63 Pic-Cior, 32 Pistachio, 775 Phymatotrichum omnivorum, Picea, 824-825 leaf spot, 292 399-401, passim Picfume, 32 shoot blight, 142 Phymatotrichum root rot, Pick-a-back, 771 Pistacia, 775 400-401, passim Picramnia, 683 Pisum, 756-757 Physalis, 593-594, 668-669 Pierce's grape disease, 476 Pitcher-plant, 775-776 Index • 937

Pitcher-sage, 821 Pleurotus, 405 betulinus, 406 Pithecellobium, 776 ostreatus, 405, 7 49 dryadeus, 406 Pitted sap rot, 406 ulmarius, 405-406 gilvus, 406 Pittosporum, 776 Plum, 777-778 hispidus, 406 leaf spot, 257 black knot, 124-126, 125 lucidus, 384, 406 PKhNB, 32 brown rot, 390-392, 391 pargamenus, 406 Placosphaeria, 286 canker, 204 schweinitzii, 406 graminis, 286 leaf blotch, 190 squamosus, 406 haydeni, 286 line pattern, 492 sulphureus, 407, 407 Plagiostoma, 286 mistletoe, 298 tomentosus var. circinatus, asarifolia, 286 pockets, 244 407 prenanthis, 286 silver leaf, 417 versicolor, 407-408 Planera, 863 white spot, 492 Polyram, 32 Plane-tree, 776-777 Plumed thistle, 598 Polyram-Combi, 32 canker, 212 Plumegrass, 779 Polyram M, 32 canker stain, 195-196 Plumeria, 779 Polyram-Ultra, 32 leaf spot, 261 Plumy coconut palm, 751 Polyram Z, 32 Plantago, 777 Plum-yew, 587 Polystichum, 641 Plantain, common, 777 Poa compressa, 665-667 Polystomellacea, 70 Plantain-lily, 686 pratensis, 665-667 Polyscias, 536 Plant disease Pod blight of lima bean, Pomasol Forte, 32 control, 5-6 153-154 Pomasol Z Forte, 32 definition of, 2-3 ofsoybean,154 Pome fruit spot anthracnose, history of, 3-5 Podocarpus, 779 472 Plantomycin, 32 Podophyllum, 724 Pomegranate, 780 Plant pathology, 2-5 Podosphaera, 351, 358 dry rot, 394 Plantvax, 32 clandestima var. tridactyla, leaf blotch, 190 Plasmodiophora, 226 358 rot, 367 brassicae, 226-227 leucotricha, 358 spot anthracnose, 474 Plasmodiophoraceae, 64, oxyacanthae, 358 Poncirus, 671 226-227 tridactyla, 358 Ponderosa pine rust, 427 Plasmodiophorales, 64 Pod spot, of bean, 252, 394 Pond-lily, yellow, 863 Plasmopara, 231,235 okra, 251 Pond-spice, 710, 781 acalyphae, 235 pepper, 394 Poplar, 781-782 geranii, 235 Poinciana, 779 black leaf spot, 258 gonolobii, 235 Poinsettia, 779-780 canker, 196,202,203,206, halstedii, 235, 242 bacterial stem rot, 105-107 211,212 nivea, 235 Botrytis on, 142 dagger nematode, 331 pygmaea, 235 canker, leaf spot, 207 leaf blister, 244, 245 viburni, 235 root and stem rot, 411 leaf spot, 274, 275,279 viticola, 235-236 scab, 474 mistletoe, 298 Platanus acerifolia, 776-777 Poison hemlock, 780 rust, 437 occidentalis, 776-777 Poker-plant, 699 shoot blight, 150 orientalis, 776-777 Polemonium, 780 wetwood, 101 racemosa, 776-777 Polyanthes tuberosa, 850 Poppy, 782 Platycodon, 777 Polyclar MZ, 32 bacterial blight, 120 Plectospira myriandra, Polyclar S, 32 Poppy-mallow, 782 404-405 Polygala, 728 Populus, 781-782 Plectranthus australis, 833 Polygonatum, 818 Poria, 408 Plenodomus, 221, 405 Polynox, 32 cocos, 408 destruens, 405 Polypodium, 642 laevigata, 408 fuscomaculans, 221 Polyporaceae, 73,76 luteoalba, 408 Pleosphaerulina, 287 Polyoxin, 32 prunicola, 408 Pleospora, 286 Polyoxin AB, 32 subacida, 408 betae, 399 Polyoxin B, 32 weirii, 408 herbarum, 287, 294 Polyporus, 406 Port Orford white-cedar, 588 lycopersici, 405 abietimus, 408 Portulaca, 783 Pleuroceras populi, 275 anceps, 406 white rust, 501 Pleurotus, 736 balsameus, 406 Potamogeton sp., 535 938 • Index

Potassium deficiency, 344 carrot, 354 Pringsheimia sojaecola, 287 Potassium permanganate, 32 cereals, 354 Privet, 787 Potato, 783-785 cherry, 358 anthracnose, 94 acropetal necrosis, 492 citrus, 356-357 powdery mildew, 355-356 anthracnose, 88 crape-myrtle, 354 ring spot, 493 apical leaf roll, 124 cucurbits, 352-354 Proboscidea, 854 aucuba mosaic, 492 euonymus, 356 Proboscis-flower, 854 bacterial canker, 101-102 European, 356 Profume, 46 bacterial ring rot, 102 gooseberry, 360 Prophos, 46 black dot disease, 88 grape, 361 Propineb, 33 blackleg, 105 grass, 354 Prosopis, 727 black scurf, 396, 411 hop,359 Prospodium, 442 bouquet disease, 492 horse-chestnut, 361 appendiculatum, 442 calico,492 legumes, 354-355 lippiae, 442 crinkle, 492 lilac, 355 plagiopus, 442 early blight, 137-138 live oak, 359 transformans, 442 golden nematode, 319 oak,355-356 Protectant, 7 green dwarf, 492 peach,360 Protection, 6 late blight, 175-177, 176, phlox, 352-354, 353 Prothiocarb, 33 177 rose, 360-361 Protomyces macrosporus, 242 Color Plate 5C Color Plate SA, 58 Protomycetaceae,68 leaf blotch, 188 trees, 358 Protomycetales, 68 leaf roll, 492 willow, 361 Prune, 777-778 leaf-rolling mosaic, 492 Powdery scab of potato, 454 constricting mosaic, 493 leaf spot, 253, 256 Power sprayers, 51-53 Cytospora canker, 203 mottle, 492 Prairie-dover, 7 68 diamond canker, 493 pink watery rot, 403 Prairie coneflower, 793 dwarf, 493 powdery mildew, 352-354 Prairie gentian, 638 Prunella, 787 powdery scab, 454 Pratylenchus, 326 Pruning disease of pine and rhizoctoniose, 396 brachyurus, 326 fir, 147 rot nematode, 315 coffeae, 326 Prunus species, 589-590 rugose mosaic, 492 crenatus, 326 amygdalus, 524-525 scab, 454-455 hexincisus, 326 armeniaca, 534-535 silver scurf of, 458 leiocephalas, 326 domestica, 777-778 spindle tuber, 493 minyus, 326 laurocerasus, 591 Color Plate 3E musicola, 326 lyoni, 583 vein banding, 493 penetrans, 326 persica, 757-759 viruses A and X, 493 pratensis, 326 var. nectarina, 738-739 wart, 243 safaenis, 326 serrulata, 590-591 watery leak, 409 scribneri, 326 subhirtella, 591 wilt, 511-515,513 subpenetrans, 326 triloba, 525 witches' broom, 493 thornei, 326 virginiana, 595-596 yellow dwarf, 493 vulnus, 327 Psalilota compestris, 238 yellow spot, 493 zeae, 327 Pseudolarix, 660 Potato virus X, 493 Prenanthes, 785-786 Pseudomonas, 109 Potato virus Y, 493 Previcur, 33 aceris, 109 PP-588, 33 Prezervit, 33,45 adzukicola, 109 PP-675, 33 Prickly-ash, 786 alboprecipitans, 109 PP-781, 33 stem canker, 205 alcaligenes, 109 Potentilla, 785 Prickly-poppy, 786 alliicola, 111 Pothos, 785 downy mildew, 232 andropogonis, 109 Pot marigold, 572-573 Primrose, 786-787 angulata, 109 Powdery mildews, 349-361, black spot, 253 apii, 110 350 Botrytis on, 142 asplenii, 109 alder, 352 leaf spot, 111-112,287 berberidis, 109 apple, 358 mosaic, 493 caryophylli, 109-110 begonia, 356 Primula, 786-787 cattleyae, 110 Color Plate 50 Princes-feather, 526 cepacia, 110 blueberry, 356 Princess-tree, 756 cichorii, 110 Index • 939

corrugata, 110 Puccinia, 437,442 sorghi, 448 fluorescens, 110 allii, 442 sparganoides, 448 gladioli, 110 amphigena, 442 stenotaphri, 448 jaggeri, 110 andropogonis, 442 striiformis, 448 maculicola, 110-111 antirrhini, 442, 443 substriata, 448 marginalis, 111 arachidis, 442 taniceti, 444 marginata, 111 aristidae, 442 thaliae, 448 melophthora, 111 asparagi, 442-443 triticina, 447 primulae, 111-112 avocensis, 423 Pucciniaceae, 7 4 pseudoalcaligenes subsp. canaliculata, 444 Pucciniastrum, 448 citrulli, 112 cannae, 448 americanum, 448 ribicola, 112 carduorum, 444 epilobii, 448 sesami, 112 caricina, 444 ericae, 450 solanacearum, 112 caricis var. grossulariata, goeppertianum, 448 stizolobii, 112 444 hydrangeae, 448 syringae, 112 carthemi, 444 myrtilli, 448-449 pv. aptata, 112-113 claytoniicola, 444 vaccinii, 448-449 pv. coronafaciens, 113 conoclinii, 444 Puccoon, 710 pv. delphinii, 113 coronata, 444 Pueraria, 700 pv. glycinea, 113 crandalli, 444 Puffballs, 238 pv. helianthi, 113 cynodontis, 444 Pumpkin, 788, 826-827 pv. hibisci, 113 cypripedii, 444 bacterial spot, 118 pv.lachyrmans, 113 dioicae, 444 Punctodera punctata, 318 pv. mori, 113-114 dracunculi, 444 Puncture vine, 788 pv. mors-prunorum, 114 extensicola, 444 Punica granatum, 780 pv. papulans, 14 f!averiae, 444 Purple blotch, of onion, 187 pv. phaseolicola, 114-115 glumarum, 448 ofoxydendron,277 pv. pisi, 115 grammis agrostidis, 444 Purple cane spot of raspberry, pv. savastanoi, 115 avenae, 444 155 pv. syringa, 115 phlei-pratensis, 445 Purple coneflower, 629 pv. tabaci, 115 poae, 445 Purple leaf blotch of grass, pv. tagetes, 116 secalis, 445 191 pv. tomato, 115 tritici, 445 Purple leaf spot of strawberry, pv. tonelliana, 115-116 helianthi, 446 278 pv. zizaniae, 116 heterospora, 446 Purple loosestrife, 715 tabaci, 116 heucherae, 446 Purslane, 783 viburni, 116 hieracii, 446 leaf spot, 267 viridilivida, 116 iridis, 446 stem canker and root rot, washingtoniae, 116 malvacearum, 446 205 woodsii, 116 menthae, 446-447 Pussy willow, 866-867 Pseudonectria pachysandricola, pelargonii-zonalis, 44 7 Pustule of soybean, 118 221 peridermiospora, 448 Pycnanthemum, 735 rouselliana, 221, 226 phragmitis, 447 Pycnotysanus azaleae, Pseudoperonospora, 236 poae-nemoralis, 447 146-147 celtidis, 236 poae-sudeticae, 44 7 Pyracantha, 788 cubensis, 236-237 polysora, 447 fire blight, 105 Pseudopezicola tetraspora, 24 7 porri, 442 mistletoe, 2 9 8 Pseudopeziza ribis, 97-98 pringsheimia, 444 scab, 453 Pseudosaccharomycetaceae, psdii, 447 wilt, 507 78 pygmaea, 447 Pyracantha angustifolia, 105 Pseudotsuga, 627-628 recondita agropyri, 447 coccinea, 105 Pseudovalsa longipes, 221 agropyrina, 447 crenulata, 105 Psidium, 669 apocrypta, 447 Pyracarbolib, 33 Psophocarpus,867 impatientis, 447 Pyrazophos, 33 Ptelea, 684 secalis, 44 7 Pyrenochaeta, 179 Pteretis, 642 tritici, 44 7 lycopersici, 408 Pteridium, 640 ripulae, 448 phlogis, 179 Pteris, 641 rubigo-vera, 447 terrestris, 408 PTF, 33 solheimi, 448 Pyrenophora lolii, 271 940 • Index

Pyrethrum, 788 decline, 494 Rheum,796 Pyrola, 788-789 fire blight, 103-105 Rhexia, 724, 794 Pyrus, 761-762 late leaf rust, 448 Rhipsalidopsis, 629 Pythiaceae, 65 leaf curl{s), 494 Rhizidiaceae, 63 Pythium, 409 leaf spot, 293 Rhizina inflata, 410 acanthicum, 409 mosaic,494 Rhizobiaceae, 98-100 aphanidermatum, 409 necrosis, 494 Rhizoctonia,180, 411 aristosporum, 409 rust, 441 bataticola, 389-390,411 arrhenomanes, 409 spot anthracnose, 473 crocorum, 386, 411 carolinianum, 409 spur blight, 155 ramicola, 180 catenulatum, 409 streak, 494 solani, 87,168,180,228, debaryanum,227-228,409 yellow mosaic, 494 396-397. 411 dissotocum, 409 yellows, 494 tuliparum, 411-412 irregulare, 409 Ratibida, 793 Rhizoctoniose of potato, 396 myriotylum, 409 Rattan vine, 794 Rhizome rot, 416 periplocum, 409 Rattlesnake-root, 785-786 Rhizophora, 719 splendens, 409 Ravenelia, 449 Rhizopus, 412 tracheiphilum, 511 dysocarpae,449 arrhizus, 412 ultimum, 409 humphreyana, 449 nigricans, 412 indigoferae, 449 oryzae,412 Quamoclit, 617-618 Raxil, 33 stolonifer, 180, 412 Queens delight, 830 Readex, 33 Rhizosphaera kalkoffi, 306 Quercus, 741-743 Red-bay, 794 Rhodesgrass, 794 Quick decline of citrus, 483 black mildew, 129 Rhodianebe, 33 Quince, 789 black spot, 128 Rhododendron,545-546,795 blotch, 239 Redbud,794 Botrytis on, 143 Nectria canker, 214-215 canker,194 bud and twig blight, rust, 432-433 leaf spot, 278 146-147 Quince, flowering, 790 root rot, 384 dieback, 219-220 Quincula, 669 wilt, 511-515 heart rot, 378 Quinomethionate, 33 Red-cedar, 696-698 leaf gall, 240 Quintox,33 Red leaf gall, 243 leaf spot, 257,265,268, Quintozene, 33 Red leaf spot of gladiolus, 270,274,281,285 294 roseum,164 Rabbitbrush, 790 Red mottle rot, 408 wilt, 511 Radish, 790-791 Red osier, 626 Rhodotypos, 696 black root, 364 Red ray rot, 406 Rhoes, 796 leaf spot, 121, 250 Red ring rot, 379 Rhubarb, 796 mosaic,493 Red stele disease of strawberry, anthracnose {stalk rot), 89 wilt, 510 403 chlorotic ring spot, 494 Radopholus similis, 327-328 Red stem, 645 crown rot, 103 Ragweed, 791 Red thread of grass, 374 downy mildew, 234 Rain-lily, 791 Red valerian, 855 ringspot, 494 Ramularia, 252, 287 Redwood, 811 Rhus, 834 armoraciae, 287 bark canker, 204 Rhytisma, 288 pastinacae, 287 needle blight, 165 acerinum, 288 primula, 287 seedling blight, 143 andromedae, 289 vallisumbrosae, 287-288 Rehmiellopsis balsameae, bistorti, 289 variabilis, 288 179-180 liriodendri, 289 Ramulispora sorghi, 268,288 Remasan Chloroble M, 33 punctatum, 289 Ranunculus, 791-792 Reniform nematode, 328 salicinum, 289 Raphanus,790-791 Reseda, 727-728 Ribbon-bush, 796 Raphiolepis, 689 Resisan, 33 Ribbon-grass, 796 Raspberry, 792-793 Resistance, 6 leafspot, 270 anthracnose, 92 Rhabdocline pseudotsugae, Ribes, 615-616,662-663 black spot, 294 305-306 Rice-paper plant, 797 cane blight,159,163 Rhabdospora rubi, 221 Ricinus communis, 583 cane gall, 98-100 Rhamnus, 566 Ridomil,33 cane spot {dieback),193, califomicus, 604 Ridomil MZ, 33 221 Rhapis, 751 Ridomil MZ58, 33 Index • 941

Ridomil MZ72, 33 cane blight, 173 black root, 335,419,425 Ridomil Plus, 33 canker, 194,201,225 black scale, of lily, 372 Ring nematode, 313 Cercospora spot, 257-258 black stem, 376 Ring rot of tomato, 393 common canker, 19 7 blossom-end, 336,336 Ring spot, of African-violet, Coryneum canker, 209, 210 Botrytis crown, of iris, 367 344 crown canker, 201-202 brown, of blueberry, 392 aster, 476 dagger nematode, 331 citrus, 404 carnation, 480 dieback, 205 orchids, 107 cherry, 481 downy mildew, 234 stone fruits, 390-392, chrysanthemum, 482 graft canker, 19 7 391 crucifer, 277 leaf spot, 257, 257-258 Color Plate SE dahlia, 485 mosaic, 494 brown cubical, 373, 375 delphinium, 485 Color Plate 30 brown stem, 369 hydrangea, 487 powdery mildew, 360-361 brown stingy, 377-378 lilac, 487 Color Plate SA, 58 calyx end, of date, 367 lily, 487 rosette, 494-495 apple, 363, 416 orchid, 489 rust, 440, 441 carnation bud, 382 peony, 491 Color Plate 2A, 28 charcoal, 389-390 peperomia, 491 spot anthracnose, 473 cladode, 366, 377 privet, 493 streak, 495 collar, of tomato, 363 rhubarb, 494 yellow mosaic, 495 corn ear, 377, 384 tobacco, 498 Rose-acacia, 800 cranberry bitter, 385 tomato, 498 leaf spot, 250 blotch, 362 walnut, 253 Rose-gentian, 800 end,385 Ripe rot, of fig, 380 Roselle, 800 hard, 392 of pear, 394 Rosellinia, 180, 413 crown, 169-170 Rivina, 801 herpotrichioides, 181 cypress root, 403-404 Rizolex, 33 necatrix, 413-414 dill root, 383 Robinia, 711 Rose-mallow, 800 Diplodia collar and root, brooming, 494 Rosemary, 800 376 Robinia hispida, 800 Rose-of-sharon, 678, 801 citrus, 401 Rock-cress, 535 Rosette, 345 corn ear, 377 Rock-jasmine, 797 chrysanthemum, 482 Dothiorella rot of avocado Rock-rose, 797 lily, 487 and citrus, 367 Rock-spirea, 682 rose, 494-495 dry, of gladiolus, 418 Roesleria hypogaea, 412 Rosmarinus, 800 dry root, of bean, 383 Rollinia, 797 Rots, 362-421 early, of cranberry, 386 Romanzoffia, 797 Alternaria, of citrus, feather, 408 Ronilan, 33 362-363 fisheye fruit, 373 Root and butt rot, 378 avocado root, 402 flower, of orchids, 363 Root and stem rot, 396-397 bacterial, of chicory, 110 foot, 366 Root-knot nematodes, of corn, 107 fruit 323-325 bacterial crown, of apple, 363, 369 Root rot, 403-404 delphinium, 105-107 date, 369 currant, 387 bacterial ring, of potato, peach,377,384 cypress, 403-404 102 pepper, 372 mushroom, 364-366, 365 basal, of iris, 381 squash,149 Texas, 399-401 lily, 382 tomato, 362, 368, 376, Rop SOOE 33 narcissus, 382 405 Rosa, 797-800 onion, 381 gray bulb, of tulip, 411-412 Rose, 797-800 tulip, 381 gray mold, 368 black mold of grafts, 300 basal stem, 368 green fruit, 416 blackspot, 130-135, 132, black, of apple, 401 heart, of trees. Indexed by 133 bulbs, 416 pathogens Color Plate 60 carrot, 363 Java black, 377 Botrytis on, 143, 194 cranberry, 370 mushroom root, 364-366, Color Plate SA crucifers, 117-118 365,371-372 brand canker, 197-198 grapes, 385-386,386 mycelial neck rot, 368 brown canker, 199-201, winter-cress, 116 onion bulb, 111 200 black crown, 369 onion pink root, 408 942 • Index

Rots (cont.) Roystonea, 752 needle blister, of pine, 425 pea root, 363-364 RPH,33 orange, of blackberry, 431, peppermint, 382 Rubber-plant, 801 436-437 Phoma, of tomato and leaf spot, 273 paintbrush blister, 42 7 pepper, 399 Rubigan, 33 pea, 451 Phomopsis stem end, 376 Rubus, 557-558, 622-623, peanut, 442 pink watery, 403 792-793 pelargonium, 447 pitted sap, 406 Rudbeckia, 801-802 pine cone, 427,430 poinsettia, 411 lacinata, 660 pine needle, 426 radish black, 364 Rue anemone, 803 pinon blister, 428 red ray, 406 Ruellia, 802 ponderosa pine, 427 red ring, 379 Rumex, 802 poplar, 438 red stele, strawberry, 403 Rumohra, 641 quince, 432-433 Rhizopus, 412 Russian-olive, 630-631, 802 rasp berry, 4 41 rhubarb crown, 108 canker, 208,217,225 raspberry, late leaf, 448 ripe, of apples, 111 "Rust," 345 rose, 440 of figs, 380 Rusts, 421-451 Color Plate 2A, 28 of pear, 394 ash, 448 snapdragon,442,443 of pepper, 372 asparagus, 442-443 southern corn, 447 of tomato, 394 aster, 425 southern fusiform, 427-428 root, of avocado, 402 bean, 451 spearmint, 446-447 calla, 403 beet, 450-451 spruce needle, 424, 425 cypress, 403 birch leaf, 438 stem, of grains, 444-446 sweet pea, 383 blueberry, 448-449 stone fruits, 449-450 sapwood. Indexed by bluegrass, 447 stripe, of wheat, 448 pathogens cane, 436 sunflower, 426, 446 soft, 105-107 carnation, 451 sweet fern blister, 427 of caladium, 140 cedar-apple, 432, 434-435 western gall, 427,428,430 ofcalla,105-106 Color Plate 2C, 2D white pine blister, 428-430 sour, 395 chrysanthemum, 444 white, chrysanthemum, 446 sour skin, of onion, 110 comandria blister, 427 witches' broom, 433, 435, storage, 369, 398 corn, 448 436 sweetpotato, 418 crown of oats, 444 yellow, of blackberry, 436 black, 369-370 Douglas-fir needle, 437 yellow witches' broom, 438 dry, 375 eastern gall, 428 Rust, white, 65,500-502 stem, 381 fig, 424 Rutabaga, 803 storage, 393 fir-fern, 436, 450 tomato hypocotyl rot, 380 fir-huckleberry, 448 S767,46 tomato ripe fruit, 394 fir-willow, 437 S-3349, 33 Texas root, 400-401 gall,435 Saba!, 752 tuber, 383 grass, 444-446, 447 Sabatia, 800 violet root, 386-387 hawthorn, 433 Saccharomycetaceae, 68 white, of grapes, 373 henliock,437-438,448-449 Sacchotherium, 287 white butt, 374 hemlock-poplar, 437 Safflower, 803 white root, 374,406, hollyhock,446 Sage, 803 413-414 iris, 446 Sage-brush, 903-804 wood, 375 jack-in-the-pulpit Sagittaria, 538 wound, of trees. Indexed Color Plate 7 A, 78, 7C, Sago-palm, 616 by pathogens 70 Saguaro, 571 yello flaky heart, 3 7 8 juniper gall, 433 Sainfoin, 806 Rotox, 45 larch needle, 438 St. Andrews cross, 804 Rottobellia, 692 larch willow, 438 St. Augustine grass, 665-667, Rotylenchulus reniformis, 328 late leaf, of raspberry, 448 804 Rotylenchus, 328 leaf, of blueberry, 448-449 St. Johns bread, 581 blaberus, 328 of cereals, 44 7 St. Johnswort, 804 buxophilus, 328 of roses, 440 Saintpaulia, 521 uniformis, 328 leaf and cane, of raspberry, St. Peterswort, 804 Rouge-plant, 801 441 SAl San, 33 Rovral, 33 mint, 446-447 Salal, 804-805 Royoc,732 needle, 424 Salix, 748, 866-867 Index • 943

Salpiglossis, 805 loquat, 453 homeocarpa, 414 bacterial canker, 101-102 magnolia, 472 intermedia, 414 Salsan, 33 mombin,475 laxa, 164, 392 Salsify, 805 mango, 472 libertiana, 415 leaf blight, 185 morinda, 474 minor, 182, 414 white rust, 501 oleander, 474 narcissicola, 414-415 Salsify, black, 805 pea, 453 oxycocci, 392 Salt bush, 805-806 peach, 452 polyblastis, 182-183 Salt cedar, 842 pear, 457-458 sclerotiorum, 183,222,415, Salt injury, 345 pecan, 452-453 415,416 Salvia, 803 poinsettia, 4 7 4 seaveri, 164 Sambucus, 631 potato, common, 454-455 trifolium, 416 Sanchezia, 806 powdery, 454 vaccinii-corymbosi, 392 Sand-myrtle, 806 pyracantha, 453 whetzelii, 258 Sand-verbena, 806 sour orange, 471-472 Sclerotiniaceae, 70 Sandvine, 806 violet and pansy, 475 Sclerotium, 183 Sandwort, 806-807 willow, 453-454, 474 bataticola, 183, 389-390 Sanguinaria, 559 Scabiosa, 808 cepivoram, 416 Sanguisorba, 567, 807 Scald of apple, 345 delphinii, 169,416 Sansevieria, 807 Scaly cap, 389 hydrophilum, 183 Sanspor, 33 Scarborough-lily, 808 oryzae, 183 Sapindus drummondii, 818 Scarlet-bush, 671 rhizodes, 183, 468 saponaria, 817 Scarlet eggplant, 695 rolfsii, 169,183,416 Sapium, 594 Scarlet sage, 803 Scoleconectria, 216 Sapodilla, 807 Schefflera, 809 Scolecotrichum graminis, Saponaria, 818 actinophylla, 809 289-290 Saprol, 34 arboricola, 809 Scopella sapotae, 449 Saprolegniales, 64 dwarf, 809 Scorch, cactus, 247 Sapwood rot, 389,407-408, leaf spot, 250, 251 leaf, 247,342 417 Schinus, 573-574 linden,96 Sarolex, 46 Schirrhia, 181 palm, 246 Sarracenia, 775-776 Schizanthus, 568 Scorias spongiosa, 470 Sarsaparilla, 535 Schizothyrium Scorzonera, 805 Sassafras, 807-808 gaultheriae, 289 Screw pine, 753 leaf spot, 249 pomi,238 Scribner's Meadow nematode, Saururus, 808 Schlizonella, 462 326 Sawara cypress-retinospora, Schlizophyllum commune, 414 Scrophularia, 645 588 Schlumbergera, 570 Scurf, black, of potato, 396, Saxifraga, 808 Schrankia, 809 411 Saxifrage, 808 Sciadopitys, 854 green, 254 Scab, 451-458 Scilla, 809 silver, of potato, 458 almond, 452 Scindapsus, 785, 809 sweetpotato, 458 apple, 455-457,456,457 Scirrhia acicola, 181, 186 Scutellaria, 814 Color Plate 6F Sclerodermatales, 7 6 Scutellonema, 328 aralia, 474 Scleroderris, 222 blaberum, 328 avocado,474 abieticola, 222 brachyurum, 329 camellia, 4 72 lagerbergli, 222 bradys, 329 camphor tree, 471-472 lateritium, 222 christiei, 329 Christmasberry, 453 Sclerophthora macrospora, 237 Sea-grape, 603, 809 citrus, 471 Scleropycnium aureum, 181 black mildew, 130 Color Plate 80 Sclerospora, 237 Sea-kale, 809-810 cucumber, 452 farlowii, 237 root rot, 364 English ivy, 474 graminicola, 237 Sea-lavender, 828-829 gladiolus, 111 maerospora, 237 Sea-pink, 537 goldenrod, 473 Sclerotinia bifrons, 181, 258 Seaverinia geranii, 416 gooseberry, 474 cameliiae, 181-182 Sechium, 588-589 guaya,474 fructicola, 164, 390-392 Sedum, 810 head,453 fructigena, 390 Seedling blight, 186 jasmine, 472 geranii, 416 Seedling root rot, 409 lima bean, 472 gladioli, 418 Seed mold, 287 944 • Index

Seed protectant, 228 querceti, 279 Skullcap,814 Seed treatment, 288 ribis, 279 Skunk-cabbage, 814 Seinhorst stubby root nema- rubi, 279,292-293 Skyrocket, 655-656 tode, 329 secalis var. stipae, 293 Slender false-brome, 563 Selenophoma, 290 spraguei, 293 Slenderflower thistle, 814 donacis, 290 tageticola, 293 Slime flux, 107-108 everhartii, 290 tenella, 29 3 Slime molds, 458-459 obtusa, 290 tritici var.lilicola, 293 Slipperwort, 572 Self-heal, 787 Septotinia, popdophyllina, 184 Small flower galinsoga, 814 Selinox, 34 Sequoia, 811 SMDC, 28, 34, 46 Sempervivum, 810 Botrytis on, 143 Smelowskia, 814 Senecio, 598, 810-811 canker, 194 Smilacina, 814-815 Senna, 583 Seriocarpus, 811 Smilax, 815 Sensitive fern, 643 Serviceberry, 527 leaf spot, 258 Septobasidiaceae, 74 witches' broom, 130 Smithantha, 815 Septobasidium, 222 Sesame, 811 Smog injury, 345 burtii, 222 bacterial leaf spot, 112 Smoke injury, 345 castaneum, 222-223 Sesamum, 811 Smoke tree, 815 curtisii, 223 Sesuvium, 812 rust, 441 pseudopedicellatum, 223 Setaria, 564, 699 Smooth-headed meadow Septocylindrium hydrophyllis, SF-6505, 34 nematode, 326 290 Shallot, 812 Smother, 186 Septogloeum, 290 Shasta daisy, 812 Smuts, 459-467 acerinum, 290 leaf spot, 250 anther, of carnation, 467 oxysporum, 290 Shepherdia, 566-567 bluegrass blister, 460 parasiticum, 290 Shepherd's purse, 812 calendula, 460 rhopaloideum, 290 Shinleaf, 788-789 com,465-467,466 Septoria, 136, 183 Shoot blight, 183 covered,462,464,465 ~opyrin~191,291 of lilac, 174 dahlia,460 apiicola (apii and apii- Shoot and leaf gall, 240-241 dwarf bunt of wheat, 463 graveolentis), 183-184 Shoot hypertrophy, 240 erythronium, 464 azaleae, 247 Shooting star, 625 false, of palms, 461 bataticola, 291 Shortia, 812 fescue, 467 callistephi, 291 Shot berry, 345 fig,367 damagrostidis, 291 Shot hole, cherry, 256, 259, flag, of wheat, 463, 464 chrysanthemella, 291 259-260,260 floral, 464 chrysanthemi, 183 plum,260 flower, 462 citri,291 Shrub-althaea, 801 gladiolus, 464 citrulli, 291 Siberian iris, 691-692 head, 462, 464 cornicola, 291 Sicana, 582 inflorescence, 461 cucurbitacearum, 291 Sicarol, 34 leaf, 461, 463 cydaminis, 291 Sida, 813 loose, 462, 464, 467 dianthi, 291-292 Sidalcea, 589 nigra, 467 divaricata, 292 Silene, 813 nuda,467 elymi, 191 Silk-oak, 668 onion, 463-464 gladioli, 292 Silk-tassel bush, 652,813 seed, 462 glycines, 292 Silk-tree, 728 spinach, 461 lactucae, 292 Silky sophora, 819 stinking, 463 leucanthemi, 184 Silky thread blight, 180 stripe, 467 loligena, 292 Silphium, 813 white, 460 lycopersici, 292 Silver-bell, 670 SN 41703,34 macropoda, 191 Silverberry, 630-631, 802 Snake plant, 807 musiva,279 Silverleaf, 7 40 Snapdragon, 816 obesa,292 Silver scurf of potato, 458 anthracnose, 88 oudemansii, 292 Silybum, 728 Botrytis, 144 paeoniae, 292 Sinningia, 658-659 crown root, 393 petrosellini, 183 Sinox, 34 downy mildew, 232 pistaciarum, 292 Sirococcus strobilinus, 185 leaf spot, 283 populicola, 279 Sisyrinchium, 560 rust, 442, 443 pyricola, 279 Skimmia, 814 Sneezeweed, 674 Index • 945

Snowball spot anthracnose, Sour orange scab, 471-472 poinsettiae, 4 7 4 475 Sour rot, 110, 395 psidii, 474 Snowbelt, 833 Sourwood, 749 punicae, 474 Snowberry, 817 twig blight, 185 ribis, 474 spot anthracnose, 4 7 5 Southern bacterial wilt, 112 spondiadis, 475 Snow blight, 171 Southern blight, 169-170, 183 symphoricarpi, 475 Snowdrop, 817 Southern corn leaf blight, viburni, 475 Botrytis on, 14 3 159 violae, 475 Snowdrop-tree, 670 Southern fusiform rust, Sphacelotheca, 462 Snowflake, 705 427-428 cruenta, 462 Snowmold, 467-468 Southern root-knot nematode, reiliana, 462 Color Plate 6A, 6B 324 sorghi, 462 Snow-on-the-mountain, 817 Soybean,819-820 Sphaeralcea, 658 Soapberry, 817 bacterial blight, 113 Sphaerellaceae, 71 blight, 153 bacterial pustule, 118 Sphaeriaceae, 70 Soapberry, southern, 817 brown spot, 292 Sphaeriales, 67, 70-71 Soapberry, western, 818 brown stem rot, 369 Sphaerioidaceae, 77 Soap-plant, 595 canker, 204 Sphaeronema, 329 Soapwort, 818 charcoal blight, 164 Sphaerophragmium acaciae, Society garlic, 818 cyst nematode, 318 449 Sodium dehydroacetate, 34 downy mildew, 233 Sphaeropsidaceae, 77 Sodium hypochlorite, 34 foliar blight, 180 Sphaeropsidales, 77,77 Sodium methyldithiocar- frog-eye, 258 Sphaeropsis, 223 bamate, 34, 46 mosaic, 495 ellisii, 223 Sofril, 34 pod and stem blight, 154 malorum, 219 Soft rot, 105-107 root and stem rot, 404 quercina, 218 ofcalla,105-106 Sclerotinia blight, 182 tumefaciens, 223, 242 of fruits, 397 target spot, 261 ulmicola, 223 sweetpotato, 412 yeast spot, 394 Sphaeropsis canker, 218 Soil-testing kit, 334 yellow mosaic, 495 Sphaerotheca, 351, 359 Solanum capsicastrum, 695 Spanish bayonet, 871-872 castagnei, 359 dulcamara, 695 Spanish iris, 691 fuliginea, 359 elaeagnifolium, 7 40 Spanish moss, 821 humuli, 359 integrifolium, 695 stem blight, 157 lanestris, 359 melongena, 630 Sparaxis, 821 macularis, 359 pseudocapsicum, 695 mosaic, 495 mors-uvae, 359 tuberosum, 783-785 Spartium, 565 pannosa var. persicae, 359 Solasan 500, 46 Spathiphyllum, 821 var. rosae, 359-360 Solenia, 223 Spearmint rust, 446-447 phytoptophila, 360 anomala, 223 Speckle, 290 Sphaerulina, 185,293 ochracea, 223 Speckled leaf blotch of grass, polyspora, 185 Solidago, 661 191 rubi, 293 Solomons-seal, 818 Speckled tar spot of maple, taxi, 185 Sometam, 46 289 Sphenospora mera, 449 Sonchus, 818 Specularia, 821 Spice-bush, 821 yellow net, 495 Speedwell, 857 Spice-lily, 719 Soot injury, 345-346 Spergon, 16,34 Spider-flower, 602 Sooty-bark canker of aspen, Spermophthoraceae, 68 Spider-lily, 822 195 Sphacele, 821 Spiderling, 822 Sooty blotch of fruit, 189 Sphaceloma, 474 Spiderwort, 848 Sooty mold, 468-470 ampelima, 87 Spinacea, 822 Sophora, 819 araliae, 474 Spinach, 822-823 Sopranebe, 34 cercocarpi, 4 7 4 anthracnose, 91 Sorbus, 733-734 hederae, 474 black mold, 301 Sordariaceae, 70 lippiae, 47 4 blight, 495 Sorghastrum, 690 menthae, 474 downy mildew, 233 Sorosporium saponariae, 462 morindae, 474 Fusarium wilt, 510 Sorrel, garden, 802 murrayi, 474 smut, 461 Sorrel-tree, 7 49 oleanderi, 474 white rust, 501 Sour gum, 852 perseae, 4 7 4 yellow dwarf, 495 946 • Index

Spindle-tree, 637 Spruce, 824-825 solani, 294-295 Spiraea, 823 Cytospora canker, 202-203 vesicarium, 185, 295 Spiral nematode, 317 needle cast, 304, 306 Stem rot, 382,387,401-402, Spirea, 823 needle rust, 424 414 Spondias, 823 root rot, 364-366 Stem rust, 444-446 Spondylocladium atrovirens, shoot blight, 172 Stem spot, 278-279 458 twig blight, 138, 171 Stenanthium, 829 Spongospora subterannea, 454 Spurge, cypress, 825 Stenolobium, 829 Spore formation in fungi, 77 anthracnose, 4 7 4 Stenotaphrum, 665-667, 804 Sporobolomycetaceae, 78 flowering, 825 Stephanomeria, 829 Sporocybe rhois, 199 painted, 825 Stephanotis, 829 Sporodesmium, 185 spotted, 825 Stereum, 417 maclurae, 185 Squash, 826-827 fasciatum, 417 scorzonerae, 185 bacterial spot, 118 hirsutum, 417 Sporonema camelliae, 293 blossom blight, 149 ostrea, 417 Spot, bacterial, of stone fruits, leaf and stem blight, 174 purpureum, 417 120-121 mosaics, 495 sanguinolentum, 417-418 of tomato and pepper, 121 Color Plate SE Sternbergia, 829 Spot anthracnose, 87,470-475 Squaw-apple, 827 Stevensea, 265 bramble, 473 Squaw-bush, 827 Stevia, 829 Chinese holly, 472 Squill, 809 Stewart's disease of corn, 108 dogwood, 471 Squirrel-corn, 629 Stictidiaceae, 72 grape, 470-471 SR-406, 34 Stictochlorella, 253 ledum,472 SS-1451, 34 Stigmatea, 295 linden,473 SS-2074, 34 Stigmea, 295 lippia, 474 Stachys, 827 geranii, 295 mint, 474 Staggerbush, 715 rubicola, 295 pecan, 473 Stagonospora curtisii, 24 7-248 Stigmella platani-racemosae, pome fruit, 472 Stanleya, 621 295 pomegranate, 474 Staphylea, 827 Stigmonose, 346 rose, 473 Starflower, 828 Stilbaceae, 77, 78 snowball, 475 Stargrass, 828 Stilbellaceae, 78 snowberry, 475 golden, 828 Stillingia, 830 virginia creeper, 472 Star-of-Bethlehem, 828 Sting nematode, 313 Spotrete, 34 leaf spot, 265 Stippen of apple, 335 Spotrete-F, 34 Statice, 828-829 Stizolobium, 855-856 Spotrete-WP75, 34 anthracnose, 94 Stock, 830 Spotted wilt, tomato, 498-499 Steccherinum, 417 bacterial blight, 119 Sprayers, 51-55 abietis, 417 mosaic, 495 aerosol, 53-54 septentrionale, 417 Stokes-aster, 830 atomizer, 53-54 Steganosporium sp., 223 Stokesia, 830 compressed air, 54 Steiner's spiral nematode, powdery mildew, 352-354 hose-end, 55 317 Stonecrop, 810 hydraulic, 51-52 Steironema, 712 Stone fruits, bacterial canker, knapsack, 54 Stell aria, 59 2 114, 118, 203 mist, 51 Stem and bulk nematode, brown rot of, 164 slide, 54 315-316 Color Plate SE wheelbarrow, 54-55 Stem anthracnose, 91 Coryneum blight, 150 Spraying, 51-55 Stem blight, 138, 186 rust of, 449-450 versus dusting, 56 Stem canker, 153, 197, 225 Stonemint, 625 Sprays, all-purpose, 58 Stem gall, 242, 243 Stone plant, 830 pressurized, 54 Stemphylium, 252, 294 Storage rot of apples, 398 Spreading decline of citrus, bolicki, 294 of carrot, 369 327-328 botryosum, 287,294 of sweetpotato, 393 Spring-Bak, 34 callistepha, 294 Stranvaesia, 831 Spring beauty, 601 cucurbitacearum, 294 Strawberry, 831-832 Spring dead spot, 163 floridanum, 294 anthracnose, 89 Spring dwarf nematode of radicinum, 363 bacterial angular leaf spot, strawberry, 310-311 sarcinaeforme, 287 118 Index • 947

bud nematode, 310-311 Strumella coryneoidea, 224 Sweet bay, 702 chlorosis, 496 Strumella canker of oak, 224 Sweet-fern, 836 crinkle, 495 Stubby root nematode, 329 blister rust, 42 7 downy mildew, 233 Stunt, chrysanthemum, 482 Sweet-flag, 836 fruit spot, 260 Color Plate 3A, 3E Sweet gale, 836 green petal, 495 dahlia, 485 Sweetgum, 836 latent virus, 495 strawberry, 496 canker, 209-210,219-220 leaf blight, 150 Stunt nematode, 330 leaf spot, 267,273 leaf curl, 495 Stylet nematode, 330 root rot, 375 leaf roll, 495 Stylosanthes, 833 Sweetleaf, 837 leaf scorch, 245 leaf spot, 260 budgall,240 leaf spot, 268, 278 Styrax, 833 Sweet-olive, 837 mild crinkle, 495 Subdue 2E, 34 Sweet pea, 837-838 mild yellow edge chlorosis, Sugar-beet nematode, 319 anthracnose, 94 495 Sugarberry, 670 Botrytis on, 142 mottle, 496 Sugar-cane stylet nematode, bud drop, 337 multiplier disease, 496 330 leaf spot, 257 necrotic shock, 496 Sugar palm, 752 root rot, 383 red stele disease, 403 Sui-Cide, 34 white mold, 301 root rot, 398 Sulfacop, 34 Sweet pepperbush, 602 severe crinkle, 496 Sulfur, 3, 34-35 Sweetpotato, 838-839 spring dwarf nematode, Sulfur injury, 346 black rot, 369-370 310-311 Sulkol, 35 canker, 207 stunt, 496 Sultan, 689 dry rot, 376 summer dwarf nematode, Sultricop, 35 feathery mottle, 496 309-310 Sumac, 834 foot rot, 405 vein banding, 496 canker, 199 internal cork, 496 witches' broom, 496 Summer-cypress, 699 Java black rot, 377 yellow edge, 496 Summer dwarf nematode of leaf blight, 173 yellows, 496 strawberry, 310 leaf spot, 291 Strawberry-tree, 832 Summer hyacinth, 651 mosaic, 496 Strawflower, 833 Sunflower, 834-835 russet crack, 4 9 6 Streak, of pea, 490 bacterial leaf spot, 113 scurf, 458 phlox, 492 basal gall, 242 soft rot, 412 raspberry, 494 black knot, 126 soil rot, 418 rose, 495 black patch, 126 stem rot, 381 sweet pea, 107 Botrytis on, 143 storage rot, 39 3 Strelitzia, 55 6 canker, 204 Sweet-root, 839 Streptanthera, 833 charcoal rot, 390 Sweetshrub, 575 mosaic, 496 head rot, 412 Sweet vetch, 839 Streptocarpus, 833 powdery mildew, 352-354 Sweet william, 840 Streptomyces, 418 premature ripening, 171 Fusarium wilt, 507 griseolus, 11 rust, 426, 446 Swietenia, 717 griseus, 10-11 stem lesion and blight, 137 Swiss chard, 840 ipomoea, 418 stem rot, 415-416 Switchgrass, 840 scabies, 454-455 Sunrose, 835 Sword bean, 694 Streptomycin, 34 Sunscald, 247,346,347 Sycamore, 776-777 nitrate, 41 Sunstroke, 346 anthracnose, 95 sulfate, 40 Super X Macclesfield, 35 canker stain, 195 Streptopus, 833 Sup'R Flo, 35 leaf spot, 295 Streptosolen jamesonii, 565 Suzu,35 Sydowia polyspora, 223 Streptotinia arisaemae, 145 SuzuH,35 Syllit, 35 Striga asiatica, 515 Swamp-bay, 794 Symphoricarpos, 817 String-of-pearls, 468 Swamp-lily, 808 occidentalis, 869 Stripe rust, 448 Swamp-privet, 647 orbiculatus, 606 Stripe smut, 467 Swan River daisy, 563 Symplocarpus, 814 Stromatinia, 418 Swedish ivy, 833 Symplocos, 837 gladioli, 418-419 Sweet acacia, 687 Syncarpia, 853 narcissi, 419 Sweet alyssum, 835 Synchtriaceae, 63 948 • Index

Synchytrium, 243 Taphrinaceae, 68 Thea sinensis, 842 anemones, 243 Taphrinales, 68 Thecaphora deformans, 462 aureum, 243 Taraxacum, 619 Thelephora, 186 endobioticum, 243 Target spot of soybean, 261 spiculosa, 186 vaccinii, 243 Tar spot, of fern and bracken, terrestris, 186 Syngonium, 841 262 Thelephoraceae, 76 black cane rot, 369-370 of goldenrod, 286 Thermopsis, 843 leaf spot, 255 of grass, 283 Thiabendazole, 36 Synthyris, 841 of holly, 282 Thibenzole, 36 Syringa, 706-707 of maple, 288, 289 Thielaviopsis basicola, 419 Systremma acicola, 186 of persimmon, 276 Thimer,36 of tulip tree, 266 Thio 95,36 Tabebuia, 841 of willow, 289 Thioknock, 36 Tabernaemontana,841 Tarjan's sheath nematode, 318 Thiolux, 36 Tachigaren, 35 Tasselflower, 633 Thion80, 36 Taenidia, 841 Tassel-tree, 65 2 Thioneb, 36 Tagetes, 722-723 Taxodium, 546-547 Thiophal, 36 Tahitian bridal veil, 841 Taxus, 871 Thiophanate, 36 Taifen, 35 TBCS-53, 35,41 Thiophanate-Methyl, 36 Tairel, 35 TBZ,35 Thioquinox, 36 Talan, 35 Tea, 842 Thiotex, 36 Tamarind, 842 Teaberry, 652 Thiovit, 36 Tamarindus, 842 Tear gas, 17,42 Thiram, 36-37 Tamarisk, 842 Teasel, 842 Thiram Tech, 37 Tamarix, 842 mosaic, 497 Thirama D, 37 Tanacetum, 842 Tecomaria, 578 Thirasan, 37 Tanbark oak, 710 Tecto, 35 Thistle, 843 Tan leaf spot, 280 Tecto RPH, 35 blessed, 844 Tansy, 842 Tellima, 843 plumbed, 598 Taphrina, 244 Telone C, 17, 35,46 Thiuramin, 37 aesculi, 244 Temik,46 Thorne's meadow nematode, amentorum, 245 Temik Brand, 46 326 aurea, 244 Termil, 19, 35 Thorne's needle nematode, australis, 244 Ternstroemia, 843 320 bartholomaei, 244 Terraclor, 35 Thoroughwax, 844 caerulescens, 244 Terraclor Super X, 35 Thread blight, 150, 168 carnea, 244 Terra-Coat, 35 silky, 180 castanopsis, 244 Terracur, 46 Thrift, 537 cerasi, 244 Terrazole, 35 Thuja, 536-537 communis, 244 Terr-0-Cide, 36,46 Thujopsis, 844 confusa, 244 Terr-0-Gas, 36, 46 Thunbergia, 844 coryli, 244 Tersan, 36 Thylate, 37 deformans, 244-245 Tersan 75,36 Thyme,844 farlowi, 244 Tersan 1991, 36 Thymus, 844 faulliana, 245 Tersan SP, 36 Thynon,37 filicina, 245 Tesselate stylet nematode, 330 Thyronectria, 224 flava, 245 Tetragonia, 739-740 austro-americana, 224 flavorubra, 244 Tetrapanax, 797 berolinensis, 224 flectans, 244 Tetrapom, 36 Ti,844 japonica (macrophylla), 245 Tetylenchus joctus, 329 Tiarella, 64 7 occidentalis, 245 Teucrium, 655 Tiazin, 37 populina,245 Texas bluebell, 638 Tiazon, 46 pruni,244 Texas mistletoe, 298 Tibouchina, 658, 844 prunisubcordata, 244 Texas root rot, 399-401 Tickseed, 606-607 robinsoniana, 245 Texasweed, 843 Tidestrominia, 845 rugosa, 245 Thalia, 843 Tidy-tips, 702 sacchari, 245 Thalictrum, 724 Tiezene, 37 struthiopteridis, 245 leaf gall, 243 Tiger-flower, 845 thomasii, 244 Thames' root-knot nematode, Tigridia, 845 ulmi,245 323 mosaic, 497 Index • 949

Tilcarex, 3 7 mosaic, 498 Trautvetteria, 848 Tilia, 708-709 nailhead spot, 250-251 Trechispora alnicola, 238 Tillandsia, 821 Phoma rot, 399 Tree-huckleberry, 639 Tilletia, 463, 465 ring rot, 393 Treemallow, 702 buchloeana, 463 Color Plate 4E Tree-of-heaven, 523 caries, 463 ring spot, 498 Tree-poppy, 848 foetida, 463 ripe rot, 394 Tree-tomato, 849 pallida, 463 rootlet necrosis, 404-405 Tree wound dressings, 53, 54 Tilletiaceae, 7 5 root rot, 4 09 Trees, powdery mildew of, Timber rot, 389 shoestring, 498 358 Tineston, 37 sour rot, 395 Trembling fungi, 75 Tinnate, 37 spotted wilt, 498-499 Tremellales, 75 Tip blight, crape myrtle, 173 streak, 499 Triadimiefon, 37 dracaena, 173 western yellow blight, 499 Trianthemum, 686 fern, 95, 173 yellow net, 499 Triarimol, 37 fir, 179-180 yellow top, 499 Triasyn, 37 Tipburn, 347 Tomato ringspot virus, 498 Triazophos, 46 Tirampa, 37 Tomato spotted wilt virus, Tribasic copper sulfate, 37, 41 Tirpate, 46 498-499 Tribulus, 788 TMTDS, 37 Tapas, 37 Tricarbamix, 37 TNCS 53, 37, 41 Topaz, 37 Tricarbasul, 3 7 Tobacco, flowering, 740 Topaze, 37 Trichoderma, 420 Tobacco diseases Topple of gladiolus, 347 harzianum, 420 blue mold (downy mildew), Topsin E, 37 viride, 420 234 TopsinM, 37 Trichodorus, 329 broad ring spot, 417 Topsin Turf and Ornamentals, allius, 329 brown spot, 250 37 christiei, 329 cyst nematode, 319 Topsin Wettable Powder, 37 obtusus, 329 etch, 497 Torch-lily, 699 pachydermis, 329 mosaic, 497 Torenia, 848 primitivus, 329 necrosis, 498 Torilis, 6 7 4 Trichometasphaeria turcica, rattle, 498 leaf gall, 242 160 ring spot, 498 Torreya, 848 Trichopelteae, 70 streak, 498 Torula maculans, 301 Trichosanthes, 663 wildfire, 115 Toxicity, aluminum, 335 Trichoscyphella hahniana, 203 Tobaz, 37 boron, 337 willkommii, 203, 211 Tolmiea, 771 gas, 339-340 Trichostema, 560 Tolyfluanid, 37 mercury, 342 Trichothyriaceae, 70 Tomato, 845-848 molybdenum, 342 Tri-Clor, 37 anthracnose, 95 Toyon,771 Tricon, 38 aspermy, 498 TPTA,37 Tricop, 38 bacterial canker, 101-102 TPTH, 37 Tricotherium roseum, 225 bacterial speck, 115 TPTOH,37 Trientalis, 828 bacterial spot, 121 Trachelospermum, 606 Trifocide, 38 big bud, 498 Trachymene, 560-561 Triforine, 38 blossom end rot, 336, 336 Tradescantia, 848 Trifrina, 38 buckeye rot, 404 Tragopogon, 805 Trift, 537 cloudy spot, 394 Trailing arbutus, 634 Trifuncit, 38 collar rot, 363 Trailing four-o'clock, 524 Trifungol, 38 early blight, 137-138 Trametan, 37 Trillium, 849 enation mosaic, 498 Trametes, 419 Trimangol, 38 fernleaf, 498 pini, 379 Trimastan, 38 fruit rot, 362, 368, 376, suaveolens, 419-420 Trimaton, 38,46 405 versicolor, 407-408 Tri-Miltox, 38 Fusarium wilt, 509 Transvaal daisy, 654-655 Triofterol, 38 lsaria rot, 388 Tranzschelia, 449 Tri-ogen, 58 late blight, 175, 177-179, discolor, 449-450 Trioneb, 38 178 pruni-spinosae var. discolor, Triosteum, 685-686 leaf mold, 300 449-450 Tri-PCNB, 38 leaf spot, 250, 292,294 var. typica, 450 Triphagmium ulmariae, 450 950 • Index

Triphenyltin acetate, 38 Tupidanthus, 852 Umbellularia, 573 Triphenyltin chloride, 38 Turf, 665-667 Umbrella-pine, 854 Triphenyltin hydroxide, 38 blight, 163, 165, 171 Umbrellawort, 854 Triphragmium ulmariae, 450 brown patch, 396, 411 Uncinula, 351, 361 Triple Tin, 38 copper spot, 268 circinata, 361 Tripomol, 38 fairy ring, 237 clintonii, 361 Triquintam, 38 pink patch, 374 flexuosa, 361 Triscabol, 38 snowmold, 468 macrospora, 361 Tristeza, citrus, 483 Turfcide, 38 necator, 361 Tritisan, 38 Turkeybeard, 870 parvula, 361 Tritoftorol, 38 Turnip, 852-853 polychaeta, 361 Tritoma, 699 anthracnose, 89-90 prosopodis, 361 Tritonia, 849 brown heart, 337 salicis, 361 mosaic, 499 mosaic, 500 Unicorn-plant, 854 Tri-VC, 46 white spot, 255 Unicrop Maneb, 38 Trizone, 28-29,38,46 Turnip mosaic virus, 500 Urbacid, 39 Trollius, 849 Turpentine tree, 853 Uredinales, 7 4 Trombone sprayers, 54 Turtle-head, 853 Urediniomycetes, 74 Tropaeolum, 738 Tussilago, 605 Uredinopsis, 450 Trout-Lily, 636 Tuzet, 38 macrosperma, 450 Truban, 38 Twig blight, ailanthus, 157 osmundae, 450 Trumpet-creeper, 849-850 bladdernut, 151, 161 phegopteridis, 450 Trumpet-tree, 841 blueberry, 154 pteridis, 450 Trumpetvine, 849-850 cherry, 164 struthiopteridis, 450 leaf blight, 148 citrus, 158 Uredo, 450 Trunk canker of apple, dogwood, 166,151 coccolobae, 450 214-215,221 honeysuckle, 171 ericae, 450 Tryblidiaceae, 71 kerria, 172 phoradendri, 450 Tryblidiella rufula, 186 maple, 171 sapotae, 449 Tsitrex, 38 mulberry, 166 Urocystis, 463 Tsuga,675 pear, 172 agropyri, 463 Tuads, 38 persimmon, 172 anemones, 463 Tubakia dryina, 249 sourwood, 185 carcinodes, 463 Tuberaceae, 72 spruce, 171 cepulae, 463-464 Tuberales, 72-73 yew, 173 colchici, 463-464 Tuberculariaceae, 78 Twig canker, of apple, 199 gladiolicola, 4 64 Tubercularia ulmea, 225 oak,221 hepaticae-trilobae, 463 Tuberose, 850 peach, 208 kmetiana, 464 Tubothane, 38 pine, 195 tritici, 464 Tubotin, 38 willow, 199 Uromyces, 437,450 Tuburcinia trientalis, 463 Twin-flower, 627,709 betae, 450-451 Tulbaghia, 818 Twisted-stalk, 833 caryophyllinus, 451 Tulip, 850 Tylenchorhynchus, 330 ciceris-arietini, 451 anthracnose, 93-94 capitatus, 330 costaricensis, 451 basal rot, 381 claytoni, 330 dianthi, 451 Botrytis blight (fire), dubius, 330 fabae, 451 145-146,146 martini, 330 galii-californici, 451 breaking, 499-500 maximus, 330 phaseoli var. typica, 451 Color Plate 1C, 10 Tylenchulus semipenetrans, trifolii, 451 gray bulb rot, 411-412 330 Uropyxis eysenhardtiae, 451 sooty mold, 469 Tylenchus, 330 Ustilaginaceae, 7 4 Tulipa, 850 Tympanis confusa, 225 Ustilaginales, 7 4 Tulip-tree, 851 Typha,585 Ustilago, 464, 465 leaf spot, 266, 268, 278 Typhula, 468 avenae, 464 Nectria canker, 215 idahoensis, 468 bullata, 464 Tung tree, 851-852 itoana, 468 heufleri, 464 black rot canker, 219 hordei, 464 leaf spot, 261 UC19786, 38 kolleri, 465 thread blight, 168-169 uc 21149,46 maydis, 465-467, 466 Tupelo, 852 Udo, 854 mulfordiana, 467 leaf spot, 279, 286 Ulmus, 632-633 nigra, 467 Index • 951

nuda,467 Vernonia, 692 Vorlex, 46 perennans, 464 Veronica, 857 Voronlit, 39 striiformis, 467 downy mildew, 233 VPM, 39,46 violacea, 467 Veronicastrum, 614 zeae,465-467,466 Verticicladiella, 421 Wake-robin, 849 Ustomycetes, 74 abietina, 421 Waldsteinia, 549 Ustulina vulgaris, 420 penicillata, 421 Wallflower, 860 Uvularia, 854 procera, 421 leaf spot, 25 2 wagenerii, 421 Wallflower, western, 861 Vaccinium, 559-560, 610-611, Verticillium, 511 Walnut, 861-862 866 albo-atrum, 511-515 anthracnose, 95-96 arboreum, 639 dahliae, 515 blight, 119' 153 Valerian, 855 fungicola, 515 branch wilt, 510 red, 855 Verticillium wilt, 511-515, brooming disease, 500 Valeriana, 855 512,513,514 canker, 207, 212-213 Valerianella, 855 Vetch, 857 dieback, 205 Validacin, 39 Vetch, sweet, 839 leaf spot, 278 Validamycin, 39 Viburnum, 702, 857-858 meadow nematode, 327 Vallot a, 808 bacterial leaf spot, 116 ring spot, 253 Valsa, 225 downy mildew, 235 Wampi, 601 cincta, 203,225 leaf blight, 164 Wandering jew, 848 kunzei, 225 leaf spot, 261 Wandflower, 821 var. kunzei, 203 Vi-Cad, 39 Wart, peach, 491 var. piceae, 202 Vicia, 857 potato, 243 var. superficialis, 203 Viddin D, 46 Washingtonia, 752 leucosomoides, 420 Vigna, 552 Washington palm, 752 leucostoma, 225 Vigna sesquipedalis, 549-550 Water-cress, 862 salicina, 225 sinensis, 609 mottle, 500 sordida, 202, 225 Viguiera, 660 Water deficiency, 347 Valsaceae, 71 Vinca, 858-859 Water dragon, 808 Vancide-TM Flowable, 39 canker, 218 Water elm, 863 Vancide-TM-95, 39 Vincetoxicum, 859 Water-horehound, 863 Vancouveria, 855 Vinclozolin, 39 Water-hyacinths, 863 Vanilla, 855 Viola odorata, 859-860 leaf spot, 257 Vanilla-leaf, 855 tricolor, 753 Rhizoctonia blight, 180 Vapam, 28, 39,46 Viola species, Botrytis on, Waterleaf, 688 Variegation, 347 143 Water-lily, 863 infectious, of abutilon, 4 7 5 Violet, 859-860 leaf spot, 263 of camellia, 4 79 Alternaria blight, 138 Watermelon, 863-864 VC-13 Nemacide, 46 anthracnose, 92 anthracnose, 90 Velvet bean, 855-856 root rot, 386-387,411 fly speck, 238 Velvet leaf, 519 scab, 475 Fusarium wilt, 509 leaf spot, 260 Vipers-bugloss, 860 leaf spot, 165, 291 Vencedor, 39 Virginia cowslip, 727 mosaic, 500 Venturia cerasi, 452, 455 Virginia creeper, 860 Watermelon mosaic virus, 500 chlorospora, 453-454 leaf spot, 2 70 Water-primrose, 864-865 inaequalis, 455-457,456, spot anthracnose, 472 Water-shield, 865 457 Virgins-bower, 601-602 leaf spot, 263 populina,156 Virus diseases, 475-500 Watery fruit rot of tomato, pyrina, 457-458 Viscum album, 298 395 tremulae, 156 Vitavax, 39 Watsonia, 865 Venturol, 39 Vitex, 860 Waxflower, 868 Venus looking-glass, 821 Vi tis, 663-665 Wax-myrtle, 865 Veratrum, 856 Volutella, 136,187 black mildew, 129 Verbascum, 736 buxi, 187, 221, 226 Web blight, 150, 168, 180 Verbena, 856 pachysandrae, 187 Weed-killer injury, 347-349, downy mildew, 233 Volutella blight, 226 348 garden, 856 Vondcaptan, 39 Weigela, 865 Verbena hortensis, 856 Vondodine, 39 West African spiral nematode, Verbesina, 85 7 Vondozeb Plus, 39 328 Verrnicularia ipomoearum, 226 Vorlan, 39 Western aster yellows, 121 952 • Index

Western gall rust, 42 7, 428, crown gall, 98-100 Wisteria, 868-869 430 gray scab, 474 leaf spot, 285 Western osier, 626 leaf spot, 263 mosaic, 500 Western soap berry, 818 mistletoe, 298 Witches' broom, 124 Western X little cherry, powdery mildew, 361 cherry, 244 122-123 scab, 453-454 holodiscus, 486 Wetwood, of elm, 107-108 tar spot, 289 lilac, 124, 487 of poplar, 101 twig and branch canker, locust, 488 Wheat, dwarf bunt of, 463 199,205,225 persimmon, 124 flag smut, 463 Willow-herb, 634-635 pigeon pea, 124 nematode, 309 Willow, pussy, 866-867 potato, 493 rust, 444-446 Willow, weeping, 866-867 rhododendron,240-241 snowmold, 468 Wilts, 502-515 serviceberry, 130 stinking smut, 463 aster, 507 statice, 124 streak mosaic, 500 bacterial strawberry, 496 stripe, 448 of carnation, 109-110 Witches' broom rust, 433, 436 Whetzellinia. See Sclerotinia ofcorn,108 Witch-hazel, 869 Whipplea, 865 of cucumber, 113 leaf spot, 269 White-alder, 602 oflettuce, 121 Witchweed, 515 White butt rot, 374 cattleya orchids, 508 Withertip, 92, 94 White-cedar, 588 celery, 507 Witloof chicory, 633-634 White heart rot, 387, 420 cucumber, 508 Wolfberry, 869 White line mosaic, 500 Dothiorella, of elm, 506-507 Wood-betony, 869 White mold of narcissus, Dutch elm disease, 503-506, Woodland-star, 710 287-288 505 Wood-nymph, 731 sweet pea, 301 Fusarium, of asparagus, Wood rot, 375, 417 White mottled rot, 375,379, 507 Woodrush, 869 383-384,406 carnation, 508 Woodsia, 642 White pine blister rust, cattleya orchid, 508 Wood-sorrel, 748-749 428-430 chili pepper, 507 Woodwardia, 643 White pocket rot, 406 chrysanthemum, 508 Wood-waxen, 653 White root rot, 374,406, cyclamen, 508 Wormwood, 538 413-414 hebe, 509 Wound dressings, 53 White rot, of aspen, 374 muskmelon, 509 Wound rot, 414 cherry, 408 spinach, 510 Woundwort, 827 grapes, 373 sweet william, 507 Wyethia, 870 onion, 416 tomato, 509 White rusts, 500-502 Granville, 112 Xanthium, 603 crucifers, 501 maple, 511-515 Xanthomonas, 116 portulaca, 501 mimosa, 509-510 barbareae, 116 salsify, 501 oak,502 begoniae, 117 spinach, 501 pea,510 campestris, 117-118 White sapwood rot, 372,405, persimmon, 502 carotae, 118 406 radish, 510 citri, 118 White smut, calendula, 460 rhododendron,511 corylina, 118 White snakeroot, 638 southern, 112 cucurbitae, 118 White spongy rot, 378, 379, sunflower, 502 dieffenbachiae, 118 406,417 Verticillium, 511-515,512, fragariae, 118 White spot of crucifers, 255 513,514 geranii, 118 White-topped aster, 811 walnut branch, 510 glycines, 118 White wood rot, 419-420 watermelon, 509 gummisudans, 119 Whitlow-grass, 628 Wine-flower, 822 hederae, 119 Whortleberry, 866 Winged bean, 867 hyacinthi, 119 Wildfire, tobacco, 115 Winterberry, 868 incanae, 119 Wild ginger, 656 Winter cress, 868 juglandis, 119-120 Wild rice, 866 black rot, 116 nigromaculans f. sp. zinniae, Wildrye, 866 Wintergreen, 868 120 Wild tuberose, 719 Winter injury, 349 oryzae, 120 Willow, 866-867 Winter's peach mosaic, 491 papavericola, 120 black canker, 219 Wire-lettuce, 829 pelargonii, 118, 120 canker, 203,219-220 Wistaria, 868-869 phaseoli, 120 Index • 953

phaseoli var. sojense, 118 Yellow flaky heart rot, 378-379 Zebtox, 39 pruni, 120-121 Yellow gum disease, 101 Zephyranthes, 872 stewartii, 108 Yellow ironweed, 520 Zephyr-lily, 872 vesicatoria, 121 Yellow pondlily, 863 Zerlate, 39 vesicatoria var. raphani, Yellow poplar, 851 Zidan, 39 121 Yellow-root, 871 Zigadenus, 872 vignicola, 121 Yellow rust of blackberry, Ziman-Dithane, 39 vitians, 121 436 Zimmerman's spiral nematode, Xanthorhiza, 871 Yellow witches' broom rust, 317 Xanthosma, 870 438 Zinc deficiency, 349 Xanthosoma, 604 Yellows, 349 Zincmate, 39 Xanthoxylum americanum, aster, 121 Zinc Metiram, 39 786 bayberry, 477 Zinc sulfate, 39, 41 clava-herculis, 677 cabbage, 508 Zineb, 39-40 X-disease of peach, 123 carnation, 480,508 Zineb 75%, 40 Xerophyllum, 870 celery, 121-122 Zineb 75WP, 40 Xiphinema, 331 cherry, 482 Zinnia, 873 americanum, 331 gladiolus, 381-382 blight, 138 bakeri, 331 hyacinth, 119 Botrytis on, 143 chambersi, 331 peach,123 leaf spot, 120 diversicaudatum, 331 strawberry, 496 mildew, 352-354 index, 331 Yellowtuft, 526 Zinosan, 40 radicola, 331 Yellowwood, 871 Ziram, 40 Xylaria, 421 Yerba buena, 871 Zirbeck, 40 hypoxylon, 421 Yerba santa, 871 Ziride, 40 mali, 421 Yew, 871 Zitox, 40 polymorpha, 421 needle blight, 185 Zizania, 866 Xylariaceae, 71 twig blight, 173 Zizia, 873 Xylella, 124 Yucca, 871-872 Zizyphus, 696 Xyloporosis, citrus, 483 leaf blight, 162 Zonate leaf spot, of grass, 270 leaf mold, 301 of cowpea, 251 Yaltox, 46 leaf spot, 260-261, 266, Zoysia, 873 Yam, 870 280 spine nematode, 314 nematode, 329 Zucchini yellow mosaic, 500 Yarrow, 870 Zamia,872 Zygocactus truncatus, 596 Yaupon,870 Zantedeschia, 574-575 Zygomycetes, 55-66,66 Yeast spot, of soybean, 394 Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, Zygophiala jamaicensis, 191, of lima bean, 394 677 238 Yellow-cedar, 588 Zauschneria, 872 Yellow cuprocide, 39 ZC Spray, 39 Yellow dwarf of onion, 489 Zea mays var. saccharata, potato, 493 607-608 spinach, 495 Zebra plant, 530, 872