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Bulletin De Liaison Et D'information INSTITUT KUDE RPARD IS E Bulletin de liaison et d’information N°364 JUILLET 2015 La publication de ce Bulletin bénéficie de subventions du Ministère français des Affaires étrangères (DGCID) et du Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (FASILD) ————— Ce bulletin paraît en français et anglais Prix au numéro : France: 6 € — Etranger : 7,5 € Abonnement annuel (12 numéros) France : 60 € — Etranger : 75 € Périodique mensuel Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 13 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tél. : 01- 48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01- 48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: [email protected] Bulletin de liaison et d’information de l’Institut kurde de Paris N° 364 juillet 2015 • TURQUIE : VERS LA FIN DU PROCESSUS DU PAIX ? • SYRIE : LES KURDES FONT RECULER LE DAESH • KURDISTAN : POINT SUR LA GUERRE CONTRE LE DAESH • PARIS : MORT DU PEINTRE REMZI • CULTURE : LECTURES POUR L’ÉTÉ TURQUIE : VERS LA FIN DU PROCESSUS DU PAIX ? près le succès électoral GAP) élaboré dans les années Mais le projet du GAP ne datant du HDP, en juin der - 1970, prévoit la construction de pas d’hier, la déclaration du A nier, la situation sécuri - 22 barrages sur les bassins du KCK envisageant de reprendre taire au Kurdistan de Tigre et de l’ Euphrate , afin d’irri - les combats si d’autres barrages Turquie s’est dégradée guer 1,7 million d’hectares de étaient construits, doit plutôt être avec une telle violence que le terres et de fournir 746 MW four - considérée comme une réaction processus de paix initié par nis par 19 centrales hydroélec - de « l’aile dure » du PKK, cher - Öcalan et l’AKP en mars 2013 a triques . Ce projet, qui doit rédui - chant à reprendre la mainmise paru gravement compromis. re le débit des deux fleuves est dans un processus de négocia - une source de conflits entre la tions qui favorisait, jusqu’ici, les Déjà, en début de mois, l’Union Turquie , la Syrie et l’ Irak , d’une partisans d’une solution poli - des communautés du Kurdistan part, et entre les Kurdes et tique et non militaire. Le 13 (KCK), considérée comme « l’aile Ankara, les premiers accusant la juillet, le Premier Ministre urbaine » du PKK avait menacé de Turquie de chercher à vider les Ahmet Davutoglu a répliqué reprendre les armes si la Turquie régions concernées de sa popula - dans une déclaration à la presse poursuivait ses constructions de tion kurde, poursuivant ainsi la que la construction de routes et barrage dans les régions kurdes. politique de déplacements forcés de barrages se poursuivrait, et Le projet d’Anatolie du Sud-Est et de destruction de villages des que son pays ne « plierait pas » (Güneydoğu Anadolu Projesi ou années 1990. devant les menaces du PKK. • 2 • Bulletin de liaison et d’information n° 364 • juillet 2015 Ce climat de surenchère dans la sent, depuis deux ans, de collusion çonnées, selon Davutoglu, de liens provocation ne pouvait que mettre avec Daesh pour écraser les can - avec l’EI mais qui vont s’avérer, à le HDP en position difficile, tons kurdes en Syrie. Des manifes - une écrasante majorité, être liées à sommé de se distancier de la gué - tations de Kurdes ont éclaté spon - l’activisme kurde ou d’extrême- rilla kurde, sous peine d’être pour - tanément dans tout le pays, soute - gauche et non djihadiste. L’accès suivi pour « liens organiques » nues par une partie de la gauche aux réseaux sociaux, comme twit - avec le PKK. Le 18 juillet, Recep turque et les mouvances issues de ter, facebook et youtube, était éga - Tayyip Erdogan s’est adressé Gezi Park. Mais au Kurdistan de lement, une fois encore, bloqué en directement au HDP, via une Turquie, ce sont des actions Turquie, afin d’entraver les appels conférence de presse donnée le armées qui ont enflammé à nou - à manifester, mais avec peu d’effi - jour de la rupture du Jeûne, à la veau le pays, la nuit même qui a cacité. Ainsi, le 22 juillet, près de mosquée Atasehir Mimar Sinan, suivi l’attentat : à Igdir, le PKK a 800 personnes se sont rassemblées en lui demandant de « couper tout barré une autoroute et ouvert le dans le quartier Kadiköy, sur la lien » avec le PKK : « une ramifica - feu sur des forces de sécurité, tan - rive asiatique d’Istanbul pour tion qui est parvenue à obtenir une dis qu’à Cizrê, des manifestants dénoncer le massacre de Surüç, représentation au Parlement masqués ont attaqué un bâtiment ainsi qu’à Şişli, sur la rive euro - devrait faire de son mieux [pour de la police avec des explosifs arti - péenne. La plupart de ces manifes - couper ses relations avec le PKK], sanaux et ont tiré également sur les tations ont été réprimées à coups alors qu’ils maintiennent appa - forces de sécurité. Le 21 juillet, un de gaz lacrymogène et de jets remment un lien indirect, si ce poste de police d’Istanbul a essuyé d’eau. n’est direct, avec cette organisation des coups de feu, de la part d’in - terroriste. » connus, mais sans faire de victime. Indépendamment des protesta - tions pacifiques de la société civile, Le climat post-électoral, déjà mau - Le Premier ministre Ahmet le PKK a entamé un cycle de repré - vais, s’est dramatiquement assom - Davutoglu a nié une fois de plus sailles, avec l’assassinat, à bri avec l’attentat-suicide survenu toute entente ou soutien tacites de Ceylanpinar, en bordure de la le 20 juillet, à Surüç, localité kurde la part de son gouvernement Syrie, de deux policiers abattus à près de la frontière syrienne, atten - envers l’EI, et a mentionné un sus - leur domicile. Dans son communi - tat qui a fait 33 morts et 104 bles - pect originaire d’Adiyaman. Un qué revendiquant les meurtres, le sés. L’explosion a eu lieu dans le officiel turc, s’exprimant sous ano - PKK a affirmé que les deux jardin du centre culturel Amara, et nymat, a fait état auprès de l’agen - hommes avaient « coopéré » avec visait plus de 300 volontaires de la ce Reuters de « preuve solide » l’EI et qu’il s’agissait aussi d’une Fédération des associations de permettant d’identifier l’auteur de « action punitive » afin de « ven - jeunes socialistes et du Parti socia - l’attentat comme étant un homme ger » les victimes de Surüç. Mais liste des opprimés (ESP), venus de âgé de 20 ans, né dans la province une semaine plus tard, le 30 juillet, l’ouest de la Turquie ou de villes d’Adiyaman et qui aurait voyagé un haut responsable du KCK, kurdes, qui devaient participer à la en Syrie l’année dernière : « Il était interrogé par la BBC turque, a nié reconstruction de Kobanî. Le terro - actif au sein d’un groupe lié à la toute implication directe du PKK riste s’est fait exploser à midi, au Syrie qui soutient l’EI. Nous dans ces assassinats, peut-être moment où la conférence de pres - savons qu’il est parti en Syrie illé - parce que cette action s’apparen - se donnée par les volontaires pre - galement. Il n’était pas possible de tant à une exécution extra-judiciai - nait fin. le pister durant tout ce temps-là- re a été fortement critiquée. Selon bas. » Toujours selon ce respon - Demhat Agit, porte-parole du Les premiers soupçons concernant sable, le terroriste aurait eu égale - KCK pour les questions internatio - le commanditaire de l’attentat se ment des liens avec l’auteur de nales, « il y a des unités indépen - sont naturellement portés sur l’attentat qui a frappé Diyarbakir dantes du PKK. Il y a des forces l’État islamique, dont les attaques le 7 juin dernier. locales qui se sont elles-mêmes meurtrières se sont multipliées au organisées et ne nous sont pas affi - Kurdistan de Syrie, notamment à Mais le point faible de cette piste liées. Nous n’avons pas de problè - Kobanî le mois dernier. est que l’attentat n’a jamais été me à assumer la responsabilité de L’explosion de Surüç pourrait être revendiqué par Daesh lui-même, ce que nous avons fait. Quand une une extension, au-delà de la fron - ce qui n’est pas dans ses habitudes. action est menée par le PKK ou les tière, de la lutte acharnée que se HPG (Forces de défense du livrent le Daesh et les Kurdes du Dans le même temps, le gouverne - peuple, c’est-à-dire l’aile militaire), PYD en Syrie. Mais la colère des ment AKP lançait un vaste coup alors nous pouvons nous expli - Kurdes s’est aussi dirigée contre le de filet à travers le pays, avec plus quer et mener notre auto- gouvernement AKP, qu’ils accu - de 500 personnes arrêtées, soup - critique. » n° 364 • juillet 2015 Bulletin de liaison et d’information • 3• Dans la nuit du 24 au 25 juillet, la déclaré dans une conférence de délégation a transmis au gouver - Turquie lançait alors une série de presse : « Qu’ils aillent au diable, nement et nous avons dit, “Venez, frappes aériennes contre les posi - ils peuvent se retirer où ils veulent on va préparer un texte pour que tions du PKK au Kurdistan d’Irak, ! », ce qui a choqué Qandil. Mais ils tout le monde soit d’accord.” ce qui ne s’était plus produit n’ont pas mis fin au retrait. Ils ont Donc, avec une délégation de depuis plusieurs années, alors que vu alors que l’État faisait des bun - l’Etat nous sommes allés à Imrali.
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