DOCSLIB.ORG

Seed Germination of the Halophyte Anabasis Setifera (Amaranthaceae) from Saudi Arabia

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Seed Germination of the Halophyte Anabasis Setifera (Amaranthaceae) from Saudi Arabia Botany Seed germination of the halophyte Anabasis setifera (Amaranthaceae) from Saudi Arabia. Journal: Botany Manuscript ID cjb-2018-0053.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 19-May-2018 Complete List of Authors: Basahi, Mohammed; Shaqra University College of Science and Arts Sajir, biology; Anabasis setifera,Draft halophyte, Temperature, Germination, seed germination Keyword: recovery Is the invited manuscript for consideration in a Special Not applicable (regular submission) Issue? : https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 1 of 27 Botany Seed germination of the halophyte Anabasis setifera (Amaranthaceae) from Saudi Arabia. Mohammed A Basahi College of Science and Arts Sajir Shaqra University P.O. Box 33, Shaqra 11961 Saudi Arabia [email protected] Draft00966582223689 1 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 2 of 27 Abstract The main objective of this study was to determine the effects of temperature, light/darkness, and salinity (NaCl) on seed germination of Anabasis setifera Moq. and the effects of alleviating salinity stress using distilled water. One-hundred percent of seeds completed germination at 15/5, 20/10, and 20°C, and a higher percentage of seeds completed germinationin light than in the dark at 20/10 and 25/15°C. The percentage of seeds that completed the germination decreased as salinity increased from 0 to 700 mM NaCl. Seeds that did not complete germination in the 800 or 700 mM NaCl solutions completed its germinationDraft after being transferred to distilled water, with a recovery rate of 94.5% and 75.5%, respectively, at 25/15°C. The inhibitory effect of NaCl on the completion of germination in this species probably occurs via an osmotic effect. Key Words: Anabasis setifera, halophyte, temperature, germination, seed germination recovery 2 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 3 of 27 Botany Introduction Germination and establishment are essential in the life cycle of halophytes (Ungar 1978). Different species of halophytes, such as Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss, Atriplex triangularis Willd., Salicornia europaea L., Salicornia bigelovii Torr., Salicornia stricta Durmort., Salicornia rubra Nelson, Zygophyllum simplex L., Triglochin maritima L., Salicornia pacifica Standley, Arthrocnemum indicum Willd., and Diplachne fusca L. germinate in response to different stimuli (Langlois 1966; Ungar 1967; Rivers and Weber 1971; Chapman 1974; Khan and Ungar 1984, 1996b, 1999; PhilipupillaiDraft and Ungar 1984; Khan and Weber 1986; Myers and Morgan 1989; Khan and Gul 1998; Khan et al. 2000). These stimuli include environmental variables, such as salinity and temperature. For example, El-Keblawy et al. (2016a) investigated how temperature affected germination of Anabasis setifera Moq. seeds that were collected from the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Egypt. Halophytes germinate in saline environments during the rainy season when the salinity of the surface soil layers decreases (Chapman 1960; Waisel and Ovadia 1972; Ungar 1978, 1982, 1987b; Ismail 1990). However, most plants, including halophytes, have a higher germination rate in distilled water, and this decreases as salinity increases (Rozema 1975; Ungar 1978; El- Sharkawi and Springuel 1979; Woodell 1985). El-Sharkawi and Springuethel (1979) found that the final percentage of germination in many species is affected by salinity at varying temperatures. Many environmental factors control halophyte germination in nature, including 3 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 4 of 27 light, temperature, and salinity (Badger and Ungar 1989; Gutterman 1993; Ungar 1995; Huang and Gutterman 1998; Khan 2003). Ungar (1982) showed that salinity and temperature were the most important factors, since they determine the time taken for halophyte seeds to complete germination. Badger and Ungar (1988) stated that for plants to successfully establish in a saline environment, the duration of germination is essential. Additionally, seedlings are more vulnerable to physical environmental changes than other life cycle stages. Therefore, the most important factor for halophytes to successfully establish in inland saline habitats is the timing of germination. Ungar (1987a) argued that seasonal variation in soil salinity may result in the extinction of entire plant populations. The halophyte Anabasis setifera (Amaranthaceae)Draft is broadly distributed within the coastal saline environments of Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Iran, India, and Pakistan. The species is often found alongside other halophytes, such as Suaeda vermiculata Forssk., Prosopis farcta (Banks & Sol.) J. F. Macbr., Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselq.) Zohary, and Atriplex leucoclada Boiss. (Mandaville 1990; Migahid 1996; AL-Turki 1997; Collenette 1998, 1999; Chaudary 1999). El-Keblawy et al. (2016a) reported that many germination studies have been conducted on Anabasis setifera seeds that originate from the UAE and Egypt, but none of them have used seeds from Saudi Arabia, where conditions are different. This study examined how A. setifera seeds from the saline marshes of Tarut Island on the Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia, respond to completion of seeds germination. We investigated seed germination responses to: (a) a broad range of constant and variable temperatures at a 4 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 5 of 27 Botany photoperiod of 12 hours daily; (b) uninterrupted light (20/10 °C) or constant dark (25/15 °C); and (c) increasing salinity stress. Materials and methods Collection of seeds A. setifera seeds were collected from Tarut Island (26°34'18.58" N, 50°03'40.57" E) on 22 December, 2015 (Figure 1). The seeds were air-dried, cleaned, and used immediately in germination assays. Effects of light/dark and temperature on germination Tests of seed germination were carriedDraft out using 9-cm Petri dishes containing two filter paper layers (Whatman no. 1) moistened with about 10 ml of distilled water. Five replicate Petri dishes with 20 seeds each were used for each treatment. The Petri dishes were distributed randomly in temperature-controlled incubators, and their positions were changed daily. The first emergence of the radicle from the seed was defined as germination (Côme 1982; Redondo et al. 2004). Observations were made daily for about 1 month and newly germinated seeds were removed from the Petri dishes. Seeds were incubated at one of five variable temperature regimes (35/25, 30/20, 25/15, 20/10 and 15/5 °C), or four constant temperatures (40, 30, 20, and 10 °C) and a daily photoperiod of 12 h light: 12 h dark. The variable temperature regimes simulated the likely diurnal changes in temperatures in the natural habitat. The final percentage of germinated seeds was calculated as: (1) G (%) = (A/B) × 100 where, A represents the total number of germinated seeds in 30 days, and B represents the total number of seeds tested (100 seeds) (Li and Shi 2010; Wang et al. 2013). 5 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Botany Page 6 of 27 The rate of germination (50% = t50) was calculated as:(2) GSI = G1/N1 + G2/N2 + ... Gn/Nn where, G1/G2/Gn represent the number of seeds that germinated, and N1/N2/Nn represent the duration of the experiment (Maguire 1962). To test the effects of light/dark on germination, seeds were incubated under continuous light or dark at 20/10 and 25/15°C, respectively. Germination of seeds incubated in the light was monitored daily, while those incubated in the dark were observed after 15 days (Qu et al. 2008). Effects of salinity on seed germination and germination recovery A total of nine salinity treatments were used: 0, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, and 800 mM of NaCl. Seeds were germinated in 9-cmDraft Petri dishes with two layers of Whatman No. 1 filter papers, then incubated at 12:12 h light:dark at temperatures of 25:15 °C for about 1 month. Each treatment had five replicates with 20 seeds each. The Petri dishes were watered with 7 ml of their respective salinity solutions, and sealed using Nescofilm to prevent evaporation. The solutions were replaced every 7 days. Germinated seeds were counted daily for a period of 30 days and seedlings were removed from the petri dishes. Seeds that failed to germinate within the 30-day period were transferred into distilled water and given an additional incubation period of 15 days in 12:12 h light :dark at temperatures of 25/15 °C . After the 15-day period of recovery, the non- germinated seeds were tested for viability using 2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (TTC) solution, as recommended by the International Seed Testing Association (1999). The seeds were soaked in a solution of 1% TTC for 4 days in a glass vial in the dark at a temperature of 25 °C. The dehydrogenase enzymes in the living tissue reduces the colourless solution of tetrazolium chloride to insoluble red formazan, making the living cells appear red, while dead cells remain 6 https://mc06.manuscriptcentral.com/botany-pubs Page 7 of 27 Botany colourless. Germination recovery (%), which is the ability of the un-germinated seeds to germinate after being transferred from the saline solution to the distilled water was calculated as: Recovery percentage (%) = [ (a – b)/ (c – b)] × 100 where, a represents the number of germinated seeds within the saline solution and those that germinated after recovery in distilled water, b represents the number of germinated seeds in the saline solutions, and c represents the total number of seeds tested in the experiment (Khan and Ungar 1984). Statistical analysis The percentages of seeds that germinated are represented as mean ± SE. Data for germination and germination recovery percentage Draftwere arcsine transformed prior to statistical analysis to ensure homogeneity of variance. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine significant differences between the treatments of temperature, light/dark, and saline solutions. Results Effects of temperatures and light/dark on germination After the 30-day incubation period, the percentages of germination were the highest at the lowest temperatures, however, they were lower at higher tempertures.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chenopodiaceae)
    Ann. Bot. Fennici 45: 241–254 ISSN 0003-3847 (print) ISSN 1797-2442 (online) Helsinki 29 August 2008 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2008 Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on South American taxa of Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae) M. Ángeles Alonso & Manuel B. Crespo* CIBIO, Instituto de la Biodiversidad, Universidad de Alicante, P.O. Box 99, E-03080 Alicante, Spain (*corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]) Received 3 Apr. 2007, revised version received 31 May 2007, accepted 8 June 2007 Alonso, M. Á. & Crespo, M. B. 2008: Taxonomic and nomenclatural notes on South American taxa of Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae). — Ann. Bot. Fennici 45: 241–254. Five South American species of Sarcocornia (Chenopodiaceae) are accepted, four of which are new combinations in that genus: S. ambigua (Michx.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo, S. andina (Phil.) Freitag, M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo, S. magellanica (Phil.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo, and S. neei (Lag.) M.A. Alonso & M.B. Crespo. Synonyms and types are cited for the accepted taxa, and three lectotypes, an epitype and a neotype are designated to establish a correct usage of the names. Main diagnostic characters, ecological features and distributions are also reported for each taxon, and a key is provided to facilitate identification. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, nomenclature, Salicornioideae, Sarcocornia, taxonomy Introduction the world (except in eastern Asia), though a few are restricted to arid continental areas where they Sarcocornia (subfamily Salicornioideae, occur on the shores of salt lakes and marshes, and Chenopodiaceae) includes erect to prostrate even in basins between high mountain ranges (cf. dwarf shrubs, sometimes creeping and rooting at Kadereit et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Origin and Age of Australian Chenopodiaceae
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Organisms, Diversity & Evolution 5 (2005) 59–80 www.elsevier.de/ode Origin and age of Australian Chenopodiaceae Gudrun Kadereita,Ã, DietrichGotzek b, Surrey Jacobsc, Helmut Freitagd aInstitut fu¨r Spezielle Botanik und Botanischer Garten, Johannes Gutenberg-Universita¨t Mainz, D-55099 Mainz, Germany bDepartment of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA cRoyal Botanic Gardens, Sydney, Australia dArbeitsgruppe Systematik und Morphologie der Pflanzen, Universita¨t Kassel, D-34109 Kassel, Germany Received 20 May 2004; accepted 31 July 2004 Abstract We studied the age, origins, and possible routes of colonization of the Australian Chenopodiaceae. Using a previously published rbcL phylogeny of the Amaranthaceae–Chenopodiaceae alliance (Kadereit et al. 2003) and new ITS phylogenies of the Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae, we conclude that Australia has been reached in at least nine independent colonization events: four in the Chenopodioideae, two in the Salicornieae, and one each in the Camphorosmeae, Suaedeae, and Salsoleae. Where feasible, we used molecular clock estimates to date the ages of the respective lineages. The two oldest lineages both belong to the Chenopodioideae (Scleroblitum and Chenopodium sect. Orthosporum/Dysphania) and date to 42.2–26.0 and 16.1–9.9 Mya, respectively. Most lineages (Australian Camphorosmeae, the Halosarcia lineage in the Salicornieae, Sarcocornia, Chenopodium subg. Chenopodium/Rhagodia, and Atriplex) arrived in Australia during the late Miocene to Pliocene when aridification and increasing salinity changed the landscape of many parts of the continent. The Australian Camphorosmeae and Salicornieae diversified rapidly after their arrival. The molecular-clock results clearly reject the hypothesis of an autochthonous stock of Chenopodiaceae dating back to Gondwanan times.
    [Show full text]
  • Chenopodiaceae)
    430 S.Afr.I.Bot.. 1992. 58(6): 430 - 439 The ecology and identification of the southern African Salicornieae (Chenopodiaceae) M.O'Caliaghan National Botanical Institute, P.O. Box 471, Stellenbosch, 7599 Republic of South Africa Received 11 February 1992; revised 15 June 1992 The Salicornieae is represented in southern Africa by three genera: Sarcocornia A.J. Scott (nine species), Salicornia L. (four species) and Halosarcia P.G. Wilson (one species). Approximately 500 specimens of this tribe from the four major herbaria in South Africa (STE, BOl, NBG, PRE), as well as living populations, were examined. The peculiar anatomy, morphology, habitat and ecological features are discussed. Keys based on morphological and habitat characters are presented to facilitate identification. Many of the specimens were previously incorrectly identified and a relatively high proportion were hybrids. In suidelike Afrika word die Salicornieae verteenwoordig deur drie genera: Sarcocornia A.J. Scott (nege spesies), Salicornia L. (vier spesies) en Halosarcia P.G. Wilson (een spesie). Ongeveer 500 eksemplare van die vier hoofherbaria in Suid-Afrika (STE, BOl, NBG, PRE), asook lewende populasies, is bestudeer. Die besonderse anatomiese, morfologiese, habitat- en ekologiese eienskappe word bespreek. Sleuteis gebaseer op morfologiese en habitatkenmerke word aangebied. 'n Groot aantal van die eksemplare is voorheen verkeerd ge'identifiseer en 'n relatief hoe proporsie is hibriedes. Keywords: Chenopodiaceae, Sarcocornia, Salicornia, Halosarcia, identification, ecology. Introduction Chev.) was unsatisfactory and further study was required. The taxonomy and identification of the Salicornieae have A number of criticisms might be raised regarding these proved to be difficult since the last century (Moquin 1840). taxonomic developments.
    [Show full text]
  • 080057-03.001.Pdf
    'urirJo uels pu€ r"IToJ olur uorsr^rp e lset8ns pFoc l"ql ql?oqs eql ur uorl"cr"rusp ,{l?punoq Jo I€rJol?ru 'ut{€.{) Jo ou sI eJeql l?ql luer?dd€ sr lI tcoJJoc sI aoIA Jo^aqclql6 (€96I segol "uts ol peanpor oJBse^"el eql l?ql pu€ xolroc enJl ? slueseJdeJql€eqs lualn$ns eql lEql paunss€ 'ue{leJ) sI 1r qclq,^Aut pasodord ueeq s"q eJnlcnJls e^rl"uJell€ uV (Lg6I ses"q Jeel ;o suorlrod I?u"q? luoJlnaop eql -,{qpepuno:rns srx€ ruels e;o dn epeu eq ol petunss€ ueaq .{11zreue3el"rl e€eproruJocrT?Soq} Jo crlsrlolr?J?qc s3qJusrq ol€lnJllJ" eyL :wals ,{SoloqdroN '(Z/6I uoslrlA) poqsllqnd ueeq ^p?orl€ se\I ou)oru)al snue8 eql uorsr,\er 'posr^eJ Jo v eJB"rJe.rlsny ur lusseJd Sureqs? pesruSoceJDJeueB xrs eql Jo e^g .radsdslql ul 'Bxel luenlrlsuoc JJor{l ^ueut osrsSocoJpu? €roue8 eql eleeullep ,{lJ"elc oloru ol 'sJerllo Jo 'se^rl"lussoJdeJ elqlssod uooq s"q lr Jo suerurcedspeup pooB pu€ atuosJo lEl.roleu pol{cld ro qse.ggo ,{11rge1e,r"eql qll,^A 'sercedspue ereue8 oq1 q}oq os"q o} q3lq,r uo 'uleql sJelr?J?gc oql o-lenp-,(pred pu" ol olq"lr"As ppq o^?q s}s[uouox€l eql luql Jo,{lrcned 'el?qop I"LrelEruJooo oql ol enp ,\ll.rBou00q sBq srqJ alqBloprsuoJJo esn€oeql uesq s"q ereue8 eql go uo4drrcsrunc:rc eq1 'e8€lqurass"elercsrp ? s? pesruSoceJ-,{lI?JeueB ueeq e^eq e€eploluloarl"S eql ellq,4A.
    [Show full text]
  • Shrubland Ecotones; 1998 August 12–14; Ephraim, UT
    Seed Bank Strategies of Coastal Populations at the Arabian Sea Coast M. Ajmal Khan Bilquees Gul Abstract—Pure populations of halophytic shrubs (Suaeda fruticosa, Karachi, Pakistan, have demonstrated that dominant Cressa cretica, Arthrocnemum macrostachyum, Atriplex griffithii, perennial halophytic shrubs and grasses maintain a persis- etc.) and perennial grasses (Halopyrum mucronatum, Aeluropus tent seed bank (Gulzar and Khan 1994; Aziz and Khan lagopoides, etc.) dominate the vegetation of the Arabian Sea coast 1996). Six different coastal dune communities showed a –2 at Karachi, Pakistan. The coastal populations maintained a per- very small seed bank (30-260 seed m , Gulzar and Khan sistent seed bank. There is a close relationship between seed bank 1994), while coastal swamp communities had a larger seed –2 flora and existing vegetation. The size of the seed bank varies with bank (11,000 seed m ). The Cressa cretica seed bank at the species dominating the population. Arthrocnemum macro- Karachi showed a persistent seed bank (Aziz and Khan stachyum, which dominated the coastal swamps, had the highest 1996), with the number of seeds reaching its maximum –2 seed density, 940,000 seed m–2, followed by Halopyrum mucronatum, (2,500 seed m ) after dispersal and dropping down to 500 –2 which showed 75,000 seed m–2. For all other species (Suaeda fruti- seed m a few months later. Gul and Khan (1998) reported cosa, Cressa cretica, Atriplex griffithii, and Aeluropus lagopoides), that coastal swamps dominated by Arthrocnemum seed bank varies from 20,000 to 35,000 seed m–2. Seed bank of all macrostachyum showed a great deal of variation from upper species substantially reduced a few months after dispersal.
    [Show full text]
  • Indirect and Diffuse Interactions Among Salt Marsh Plants
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Biological Sciences Faculty Publications Biological Sciences 10-2000 Facilitation May Buffer Competitive Effects: Indirect and Diffuse Interactions Among Salt Marsh Plants Ragan M. Callaway University of Montana - Missoula, [email protected] Steven C. Pennings Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/biosci_pubs Part of the Biology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Callaway, Ragan M. and Pennings, Steven C., "Facilitation May Buffer Competitive Effects: Indirect and Diffuse Interactions Among Salt Marsh Plants" (2000). Biological Sciences Faculty Publications. 209. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/biosci_pubs/209 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Biological Sciences at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Biological Sciences Faculty Publications by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. vol. 156, no. 4 the american naturalist october 2000 Facilitation May Buffer Competitive Effects: Indirect and Diffuse Interactions among Salt Marsh Plants Ragan M. Callaway1,* and Steven C. Pennings2 1. Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, species interact within communities. Within a trophic Missoula, Montana 59812; level, additional species can alter pairwise interactions via 2. University of Georgia Marine Institute, Sapelo Island, Georgia direct and indirect pathways (Lawlor 1979; Stone and Rob- 31327 erts 1991; Miller 1994; Wooton 1994) and through the Submitted October 15, 1999; Accepted May 30, 2000 cumulative, ªdiffuseº effects of many direct effects acting on a single species (Davidson 1980; Wilson and Keddy 1986a, 1986b; Vandermeer 1990).
    [Show full text]
  • Tolerance and Avoidance Responses to Salinity and Water Stresses in Calotropis Procera and Suaeda Aegyptiaca
    Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Turk J Agric For (2013) 37: 352-360 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/agriculture/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/tar-1202-62 Tolerance and avoidance responses to salinity and water stresses in Calotropis procera and Suaeda aegyptiaca 1,2, Ali Hassan IBRAHIM * 1 University College, Al Qunfida, Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia 2 Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Education, Al-Arish, Suez Canal University, North Sinai, Egypt Received: 23.02.2012 Accepted: 14.08.2012 Published Online: 15.05.2013 Printed: 05.06.2013 Abstract: This study was designed to evaluate the response of 2 wild shrubs, Calotropis procera and Suaeda aegyptiaca, to salinity (100% seawater), drought, and waterlogging stresses. The 90-day-old plants were subjected to the stress treatments for 3 weeks, and growth and some physiological parameters were evaluated. The total plant dry mass of C. procera plants was reduced by 40%, whereas S. aegyptiaca was not significantly affected by salinity stress. Water deficit and waterlogging stresses significantly reduced the total dry mass of both species. Under all conditions, the root/shoot ratio in C. procera was 3-fold higher than in S. aegyptiaca. All applied stresses markedly increased leaf shedding in C. procera plants only. These plants appeared to have a higher salinity and waterlogging stress intensity index as manifested by chlorophyll levels lower than those in S. aegyptiaca. Under all conditions, Na+ levels of S. aegyptiaca were twice those of C. procera plants. All stresses reduced the K+/Na+ ratio in C. procera leaves. On the other hand, S.
    [Show full text]
  • WOOD ANATOMY of CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE S
    IAWA Journal, Vol. 33 (2), 2012: 205–232 WOOD ANATOMY OF CHENOPODIACEAE (AMARANTHACEAE s. l.) Heike Heklau1, Peter Gasson2, Fritz Schweingruber3 and Pieter Baas4 SUMMARY The wood anatomy of the Chenopodiaceae is distinctive and fairly uni- form. The secondary xylem is characterised by relatively narrow vessels (<100 µm) with mostly minute pits (<4 µm), and extremely narrow ves- sels (<10 µm intergrading with vascular tracheids in addition to “normal” vessels), short vessel elements (<270 µm), successive cambia, included phloem, thick-walled or very thick-walled fibres, which are short (<470 µm), and abundant calcium oxalate crystals. Rays are mainly observed in the tribes Atripliceae, Beteae, Camphorosmeae, Chenopodieae, Hab- litzieae and Salsoleae, while many Chenopodiaceae are rayless. The Chenopodiaceae differ from the more tropical and subtropical Amaran- thaceae s.str. especially in their shorter libriform fibres and narrower vessels. Contrary to the accepted view that the subfamily Polycnemoideae lacks anomalous thickening, we found irregular successive cambia and included phloem. They are limited to long-lived roots and stem borne roots of perennials (Nitrophila mohavensis) and to a hemicryptophyte (Polycnemum fontanesii). The Chenopodiaceae often grow in extreme habitats, and this is reflected by their wood anatomy. Among the annual species, halophytes have narrower vessels than xeric species of steppes and prairies, and than species of nitrophile ruderal sites. Key words: Chenopodiaceae, Amaranthaceae s.l., included phloem, suc- cessive cambia, anomalous secondary thickening, vessel diameter, vessel element length, ecological adaptations, xerophytes, halophytes. INTRODUCTION The Chenopodiaceae in the order Caryophyllales include annual or perennial herbs, sub- shrubs, shrubs, small trees (Haloxylon ammodendron, Suaeda monoica) and climbers (Hablitzia, Holmbergia).
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomía Del Género Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb
    Taxonomía del género Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb. Julián MOLERÒ ABSTRACT MOLERO, J., 1986:Taxonomic revision of the genus Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb. Collect. Bot. 16(2): 327-336. A taxonomic revision of the monospecific genus Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb. Aspects relating to its history, nomenclature, chorology and ecology are dealt and special emphasis is placed on micromorphological questions (study of pollen and seeds using a S.E.M.). Loscosta Pau, a name not yet found in the taxonomic bibliography, should be included among the synonyms of this genus. RESUMEN MOLERO, J., 1986: Taxonomía del género Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb. Collect. Bot. 16(2): 327-336. Revisión taxonómica del género monospecífico Microcnemum Ung.-Sternb. Se recogen aspectos históri­ cos, nomenclaturales, taxonómicos, corológicos y ecológicos, con insistencia especial en los aspectos micro- morfológicos (estudio del polen y las semillas al M.E.B.). Loscosui Pau, nombre no recogido todavía en la bibliografía taxonómica, debe incluirse en la sinonimia del género. INTRODUCCIÓN Microcnemum coralloides fue descubierto por Lóseos, hacia el año 1861, en los palíamelos de Caspe y Chiprana, en el Aragón austral. Lóseos lo interpretó en un principio como una nueva especie de Salicomia, denominándola (in litt. a Willkomm) S. fastigiata. Los ejemplares que le fueron enviados a Willkomm, fructíferos y desecados, no permitieron a este autor mas que insistir en el estudio morfológico-comparativo de la semilla. La estructura de ésta (y sobre todo la del embrión), muy próxima a la de Arthrocnemum glaucum decidió a Willkomm a referir la nueva especie al género Arthrocnemum. Así lo comunicó epistolarmente a los autores aragoneses, que lo transcriben en la "Series inconfecta" (1863) como A.
    [Show full text]
  • Suaeda Aegyptiaca (Hasselquist) Zohary (CHENOPODIACEAE/AMARANTHACEAE)
    http://dergipark.org.tr/trkjnat Trakya University Journal of Natural Sciences, 22(2): xx-xx, 2021 ISSN 2147-0294, e-ISSN 2528-9691 Research Article DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.903661 A NEW Suaeda RECORD FOR FLORA OF TURKEY: Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselquist) Zohary (CHENOPODIACEAE/AMARANTHACEAE) İsa BAŞKÖSE*, Ahmet Emre YAPRAK Ankara University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, 06100 Ankara, TURKEY Cite this article as: Başköse İ. & Yaprak A.E. 2021. A new Suaeda record for flora of Turkey: Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselquist) Zohary (Chenopodiaceae/Amaranthaceae). Trakya Univ J Nat Sci, 22(2): xx-xx, DOI: 10.23902/trkjnat.903661 Received: 26 March 2021, Accepted: 09 July 2021, Online First: 07 August 2021 Edited by: Abstract: In this study, Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselquist) Zohary is reported as a new record Mykyta Peregrym for Turkish flora from Akçakale district in Şanlıurfa province. The species is classified under *Corresponding Author: section Salsina Moq. of the genus Suaeda Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. in Suaedoideae subfamily. İsa Başköse The comprehensive description, distribution maps in Turkey, habitat features, morphological [email protected] characteristics and digital images of the species are given. ORCID iDs of the authors: İB. orcid.org/0000-0001-7347-3464 Özet: Bu çalışmada, Şanlıurfa ili Akçakale ilçesinden Suaeda aegyptiaca (Hasselquist) AEY. orcid.org/0000-0001-6464-2641 Zohary türü Türkiye florası için yeni kayıt olarak verilmektedir. Tür, Suaedoideae Key words: altfamilyası, Suaeda Forssk. ex J.F. Gmel. cinsi Salsina Moq. seksiyonu altında Suaedoideae sınıflandırılmıştır. Türün kapsamlı betimi, Türkiye’deki dağılış haritası, habitat özellikleri, Seepweeds and Sea-blites morfolojik karakterleri ve fotoğrafları verilmiştir. Şanlıurfa/Akçakale Turkey Introduction Suaeda Forssk.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity 77..105
    Kuwait J. Sci. Eng. 31 1) pp. 77-105, 2004 Biodiversity of plant communities in the Jal Az-Zor National Park, Kuwait MOHAMAD A. E. EL-SHEIKH* AND GHANIM A. ABBADI** *Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University Assuit Branch), P.O. Box 71524, Assuit, Egypt. E-mail: [email protected] **Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, Safat13060, Kuwait, E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Jal Az-Zor National Park of Kuwait 330 km2); northwest of Kuwait Bay, provides an excellent basis for the study of the eect of protection on the biological resources in the arid zones which are being put under natural and human stress. Forty plots were selected to cover all habitats in the Park. Soil samples were collected in each plot and analyzed. Data was analyzed by application of the multivariate analysis and statistical programs. In Jal Az-Zor National Park, 139 species of vascular plants were identi®ed 45 perennials and 94 annuals belonging to 32 families). Saharo-Arabian elements have higher portion of the chorotypes. Five plant communities were described and recognized after application of TWINSPAN and DECORANA programs: I) Haloxylon salicornicum-Stipa capensis community, II) Cyperus conglomeratus- Plantago boissieri community, III) Zygophyllum qatarense community, IV) Nitraria retusa-Zygophyllum qatarense community and V) Halocnemum strobilaceum-Bienertia cycloptera community. The vegetation ordination indicates a sequence of communities correlated with soil moisture, salinity and physiographic variables. The distribution starting with the xerophytic communities that inhabit the desert plain, nonsaline depressions, ridges and ending with the hygrophilous halophytic species that inhabit the salt marshes near the Arabian Gulf.
    [Show full text]
  • (From Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) With
    From Ecology to Biotechnology, Study of the Defense Strategies of Algae and Halophytes (from Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) with a Focus on Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Properties Concetta Maria Messina, Giuseppe Renda, Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella, Rozenn Trépos, Marilyne Fauchon, Claire Hellio, Andrea Santulli To cite this version: Concetta Maria Messina, Giuseppe Renda, Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella, Rozenn Trépos, Marilyne Fauchon, et al.. From Ecology to Biotechnology, Study of the Defense Strategies of Algae and Halo- phytes (from Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) with a Focus on Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Proper- ties. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, MDPI, 2019, 20 (4), pp.881. 10.3390/ijms20040881. hal-02873891 HAL Id: hal-02873891 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02873891 Submitted on 18 Jun 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article From Ecology to Biotechnology, Study of the Defense Strategies of Algae and Halophytes (from Trapani Saltworks, NW Sicily) with a Focus on Antioxidants and Antimicrobial Properties Concetta Maria Messina 1 , Giuseppe Renda 1, Vincenzo Alessandro Laudicella 1,2 , Rozenn Trepos 3, Marilyne Fauchon 3, Claire Hellio 3,* and Andrea Santulli 1,2 1 Dipartimento di Scienze della terra e del Mare DiSTeM, Laboratorio di Biochimica Marina ed Ecotossicologia, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Via G.
    [Show full text]