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European science review № 3–4 2019 March–April PREMIER Vienna Publishing 2019 European Sciences review Scientific journal № 3–4 2019 (March–April) ISSN 2310-5577 Editor-in-chief Lucas Koenig, Austria, Doctor of Economics International editorial board Abdulkasimov Ali, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Geography Kocherbaeva Aynura Anatolevna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Adieva Aynura Abduzhalalovna, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Kushaliyev Kaisar Zhalitovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Veterinary Medicine Arabaev Cholponkul Isaevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Law Lekerova Gulsim, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Psychology Zagir V. Atayev, Russia, Ph.D. of of Geographical Sciences Melnichuk Marina Vladimirovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Akhmedova Raziyat Abdullayevna, Russia, Doctor of Philology Meymanov Bakyt Kattoevich, Kyrgyzstan, Doctor of Economics Balabiev Kairat Rahimovich, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law Moldabek Kulakhmet, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Barlybaeva Saule Hatiyatovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of History Morozova Natalay Ivanovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Bejanidze Irina Zurabovna, Georgia, Doctor of Chemistry Moskvin Victor Anatolevich, Russia, Doctor of Psychology Bestugin Alexander Roaldovich, Russia, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Nagiyev Polad Yusif, Azerbaijan, Ph.D. of Agricultural Sciences Boselin S.R. Prabhu, India, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Naletova Natalia Yurevna, Russia, Doctor of Education Bondarenko Natalia Grigorievna, Russia, Doctor of Philosophy Novikov Alexei, Russia, Doctor of Education Bogolib Tatiana Maksimovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Economics Salaev Sanatbek Komiljanovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Economics Bulatbaeva Aygul Abdimazhitovna, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Education Shadiev Rizamat Davranovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Education Chiladze George Bidzinovich, Georgia, Doctor of Economics, Doctor of Law Shhahutova Zarema Zorievna, Russia, Ph.D. of Education Dalibor M. Elezović, Serbia, Doctor of History Soltanova Nazilya Bagir, Azerbaijan, Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D. of History) Gurov Valeriy Nikolaevich, Russia, Doctor of Education Spasennikov Boris Aristarkhovich, Russia, Doctor of Law Hajiyev Mahammad Shahbaz oglu, Azerbaijan, Doctor of Philosophy Spasennikov Boris Aristarkhovich, Russia, Doctor of Medicine Ibragimova Liliya Ahmatyanovna, Russia, Doctor of Education Suleymanov Suleyman Fayzullaevich, Uzbekistan, Ph.D. of Medicine Blahun Ivan Semenovich, Ukraine, Doctor of Economics Suleymanova Rima, Russia, Doctor of History Ivannikov Ivan Andreevich, Russia, Doctor of Law Tashpulatov Salih Shukurovich, Uzbekistan, Doctor of Engineering Sciences Jansarayeva Rima, Kazakhstan, Doctor of Law Tereschenko-Kaidan Liliya Vladimirovna, Ukraine, Doctor of Philosophy Khubaev Georgy Nikolaevich, Russia, Doctor of Economics Tsersvadze Mzia Giglaevna, Georgia, Doctor of Philology Khurtsidze Tamila Shalvovna, Georgia, Doctor of Law Vijaykumar Muley, India, Doctor of Biological Sciences Khoutyz Zaur, Russia, Doctor of Economics Yurova Kseniya Igorevna, Russia, Ph.D. of History Khoutyz Irina, Russia, Doctor of Philology Zhaplova Tatiana Mikhaylovna, Russia, Doctor of Philology Korzh Marina Vladimirovna, Russia, Doctor of Economics Zhdanovich Alexey Igorevich, Ukraine, Doctor of Medicine Proofreading Editorial office Kristin Theissen Premier Publishing s.r.o. 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Typeset in Berling by Ziegler Buchdruckerei, Linz, Austria. Printed by Premier Publishing s.r.o., Vienna, Austria on acid-free paper. “GREEN”ALGAE ON THE GROUNDS OF URBAN AREAS (AS EXAMPLE OF ANDIJAN CITY) Section 1. Biology Mamasoliev Sardorbek Tursinovich, doctor’s degree researcher of the Andijan State University E-mail: [email protected] Mamahonova Jumagul Niyozbekovna, teacher of the Department of Ecology and Botany of the Andijan State University Buranova Shohista Usubjonovna, Madaminova Nodirahon Ikromjon qizi, teacher of professional college “GREEN”ALGAE ON THE GROUNDS OF URBAN AREAS (AS EXAMPLE OF ANDIJAN CITY) Abstract. Information about the causes of becoming “green” of grounds in different ecologic areas, algae that spread on them and their development. Keywords: ecologic area, soil, cyano-bacteria, algae, phototroph. In our arid region, we have few rainy days, the weather in They are ususally observed in the form of mineral salts that get some years gets warm at the end of February or at the begin- solved easily and difficult to get solved [6; 7]. ning of March and causes drying the surface of the ground. One can see two kinds of scene in the samples taken It rains when the temperature of the air and soil goes up and from the “green” surface of the ground and concrete cov- the rain causes rapid increase and growth of phototrophs on ers in Andijan city. Gray green, somewhat dark green spots the surface of the ground. In such cases, the surface ground appeared on the surface of industrial waste, due to the de- in shades, in small areas with high humidity becomes green, a velopment of algae on soil surfaces with sufficient moisture. bit yellowish-brown color [1; 2; 4]. Russian specialists, who The surface of the soils where light is insufficient and where learned the cause of this colorfulness on the surface ground, there is no immediate contamination is yellowish – green, call it “blossoming” [1; 3; 4]. In our opinion, it may be cor- light green, slightly brown – green, and become “green” [7]. rect to call it “becoming green”. We have come across no in- 36 sorts of algae were detected in the samples collected formation about systematic and taxonomic composition of when the temperature rose to 15–180С after the rainy days phototrophs on the ground surface that have “become green” of spring. The systematic content mainly consisted of 22 in works of algology specialists of our republic. Russian al- species (61.11%) cyanobacteria, 10 species (27.7%) green gology specialists, Shtina E. A. (1972), Androsova Ye. Ya algae and 5 (13.8%) diatomous weeds. Microcoleus vaginatus, (1964), Ye. А. Busigina (1976); Domracheva L. I. (1985, Phormidium acruginosa, Ph. autumnale, Ph. brevis, Plektonema 2005, 2010); Ibragimova S. Т. (2009); Kabirova R. R. (1994, notation, Palmella mimit, Asteriococcus rupestris, Chlorella teri- 1997); Kondakova L. V. (2012); Sugachkova Ye.V. (2010); cola, Navicula minuscula, Pinnularia intermedia were dominat Suhanova N. V. (1996, 2000) gave detail information on the in this content. principles of becoming “green” of the soils where the system- The total number of taxons in the yard of the Andijan atic and taxonomic composition of phototrophs was studied city heating hubs has risen to 23, 63.9 per cent compared about this in their research [5; 6]. with the total species (36), 19 species in the Biochemistry The types and quantity of organic and unorganic units, Plant (52.77 per cent), and 19 in the yard of the Machine macro and microelements have an influence on phototroph Plant (52.77%). Among them, there are 17 types of cyno- organisms developing and becoming “green” on the surface of bacteria in the northern part of the city, including 3 types the ground after the rain in early spring or in warm autumn. (15.8%) of the ones with heterocysts. There are 18 types 3 Section 1. Biology of (50.0%) heterocyst cyno-bacteria in the central areas, 2 forms although there was not a systematic difference and sig- types (5.5%) of which were observed in the southern areas nificant difference in the quantity of cells. There is a significant as in the central areas. The biological diversity of the algae difference in the quantity of cells taken from the surface of in the algae layer of the soils exposed to the soil surface in 1 сm2. This is explained that the above-mentioned cities of the studied regions