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An Analysis of the Archaeological Collection from the Jaketown (22HU505) Site at the University of Mississippi By: Alexandria El

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An Analysis of the Archaeological Collection from the Jaketown (22HU505) Site at the University of Mississippi By: Alexandria El An Analysis of the Archaeological Collection from the Jaketown (22HU505) site at The University of Mississippi By: Alexandria Elizabeth Gochenauer A thesis submitted to the faculty of the University of Mississippi in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Sally McDonnell Barksdale Honors College Oxford May 2016 Approved by _____________________________________________ Advisor: Professor Matthew Murray _____________________________________________ Reader: Professor Carolyn Freiwald _____________________________________________ Reader: Professor Nancy Wicker © 2016 Alexandria Elizabeth Gochenauer ALL RIGHTS RESERVED i ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Thank you to my committee, Dr. Murray, Dr. Freiwald, and Dr. Wicker for their input and encouragement throughout the writing of my thesis. I would also like to thank the students of the Anthropology 408 class for their contributions to the catalog: Tucker Austin, Mary Gordon, Tarra Head, Caroline Malatesta, Nikki Mattson, Grace Myers, and Robert Waren. A special thank you to Nikki Mattson and Robert Waren for continuing to work on the collection with me in Anthropology 541; I couldn’t have completed this thesis without your help and support. ii ABSTRACT Jaketown (22HU505) is a significant prehistoric site that is located in the Lower Mississippi Valley. A collection from the University of Mississippi was found in storage and contained an amalgamation of surface collections from Jaketown undertaken during the 1950s and 1970s that were never analyzed and reported. Analysis of the artifacts that constitute the UM Collection may have a meaningful impact on our understanding of Jaketown’s importance. Analysis enabled the identification of the number of Poverty Point attributes, diagnostic features of the Poverty Point culture period, present in the collection. Future research may lead to new knowledge about prehistoric settlement in Mississippi and provide new information about the Jaketown site. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................... ii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ...................................................................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. vii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................... 1 Archaeology in Mississippi .............................................................................................................. 2 Jaketown Site (22HU505) ................................................................................................................ 4 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................ 9 Lower Mississippi Valley ................................................................................................................. 9 Physical Description .................................................................................................................... 10 Chronology and Culture History ................................................................................................. 11 Jaketown (22HU505) ...................................................................................................................... 14 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 14 Physical Description .................................................................................................................... 15 History of Investigations .............................................................................................................. 16 Chronology and Occupations ...................................................................................................... 17 Significance .................................................................................................................................. 20 Poverty Point Culture .................................................................................................................... 20 The Poverty Point Site ................................................................................................................. 21 Chronology and Characteristics .................................................................................................. 23 Poverty Point Objects .................................................................................................................. 24 University of Mississippi Collection ............................................................................................. 25 History ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Academics .................................................................................................................................... 26 CHAPTER III: LABORATORY METHODS ................................................................... 28 Recording and Accessioning .......................................................................................................... 30 Preliminary Sorting ....................................................................................................................... 32 Specific Analyses ............................................................................................................................ 34 Chipped Stone .............................................................................................................................. 36 Hammerstone, Ground or Polished Stone, Other, Fractured Rock ............................................. 39 Pottery .......................................................................................................................................... 42 Shaped Clay and Daub ................................................................................................................ 44 Historics ....................................................................................................................................... 45 Ecofacts ........................................................................................................................................ 46 Unmodified and Unidentified ....................................................................................................... 46 Curation .......................................................................................................................................... 47 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS ................................................................................................. 48 The UM Collection ......................................................................................................................... 48 Class 1 Division ........................................................................................................................... 48 Class 2 Artifact ............................................................................................................................ 50 iv Class 3 Ceramic Industry ............................................................................................................ 51 Class 4 Ceramic Technology –Pottery ........................................................................................ 53 Class 4 Ceramic Technology –Shaped Clay ................................................................................ 59 Class 3 Lithic Industry ................................................................................................................. 62 Class 4 Lithic Technology –Chipped Stone ................................................................................. 64 Class 2 Ecofact ............................................................................................................................ 69 Class 3 Historic Materials ........................................................................................................... 70 Class 3 Unmodified Rock ............................................................................................................. 72 Class 4 Unmodified Rock –Iron Ore ............................................................................................ 73 UM Bag No. 13 ................................................................................................................................ 75 Class 1 Division (Bag 13) ............................................................................................................ 75 Class 2 Artifact (Bag 13) ............................................................................................................. 76 Class 3 Ceramic Industry (Bag 13) ............................................................................................. 77 Class 4 Ceramic Technology – Pottery (Bag 13) ........................................................................ 78 Class 3 Lithic Industry (Bag 13) .................................................................................................
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