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Redalyc.Trypanosoma Cruzi Strains from Triatomine Collected in Bahia Revista de Saúde Pública ISSN: 0034-8910 [email protected] Universidade de São Paulo Brasil Rimoldi Ribeiro, Aline; Mendonça, Vagner José; Tomé Alves, Renata; Martinez, Isabel; Freitas de Araújo, Renato; Mello, Fernanda; Aristeu da Rosa, João Trypanosoma cruzi strains from triatomine collected in Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Revista de Saúde Pública, vol. 48, núm. 2, abril, 2014, pp. 295-302 Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo, Brasil Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=67237024012 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative Rev Saúde Pública 2014;48(2):295-302 Prática de Saúde Pública DOI:10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048004719 Artigos Originais Aline Rimoldi RibeiroI Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Vagner José MendonçaII Renata Tomé AlvesIII triatomine collected in Bahia Isabel MartinezII and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Renato Freitas de AraújoIV Fernanda MelloV Trypanosoma cruzi isolado de João Aristeu da RosaII triatomíneos coletados na Bahia e Rio Grande do Sul ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE: Collection of triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic environments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Northeastern and Southern Brazil respectively, and isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains. METHODS: First, the captured triatomines were identified using insect identification keys, then their intestinal content was examined by abdominal compression, and the samples containing trypanosomatid forms were inoculated in LIT medium and Swiss mice. RESULTS: Six triatomine species were collected in cities in Bahia, namely Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) and T. sordida (460), and I Departamento de Parasitologia. Instituto two in cities in Rio Grande do Sul, namely T. circummaculata (11) and T. de Biologia. Universidade Estadual de rubrovaria (115). Out of the specimens examined, T. cruzi was isolated from Campinas. Campinas, SP, Brasil 28 triatomine divided into four different species: T. melanocephala (one), T. lenti (one), T. rubrovaria (16) and T. sordida (10). Their index of natural II Departamento de Ciências Biológicas. Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas. infection by T. cruzi was 6.4%. Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho. Araraquara, SP, Brasil CONCLUSIONS: The isolation of T. cruzi strains from triatomines found in domestic and peridomestic areas shows the potential risk of transmission of III Departamento de Análises Clínicas Chagas disease in the studied cities. The maintenance of those T. cruzi strains Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas. Faculdade in laboratory is intended to promote studies that facilitate the understanding de Ciências Farmacêuticas. Universidade de São Paulo. Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil of the parasite-vector-host relationship. IV Secretaria Estadual de Saúde da Bahia. DESCRIPTORS: Chagas Disease, transmission. Triatominae, Salvador, BA, Brasil Trypanosoma cruzi, isolation. Communicable Diseases, epidemiology. V Secretaria de Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil Correspondência | Correspondence: João Aristeu da Rosa Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas – Campus de Araraquara Rodovia Araraquara-Jaú Km 1 14801-902 Araraquara, SP, Brasil E-mail: [email protected] Received: 1/28/2013 Approved: 11/7/2013 Article available from: www.scielo.br/rsp 296 Isolation of Trypanosoma cruzi strains Ribeiro AR et al RESUMO OBJETIVO: Isolar cepas de Trypanosoma cruzi em triatomíneos capturados nos ambientes domiciliar, peridomiciliar e silvestre da Bahia e do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Os triatomíneos capturados nos estados da Bahia e Rio Grande do Sul foram identificados por meio de chaves entomológicas. O conteúdo intestinal foi examinado por compressão abdominal e as amostras que continham formas de Trypanosomatidae foram inoculadas em meio de cultura Liver Infusion Tryptose e em camundongos Swiss. RESULTADOS: Foram identificadas seis espécies de triatomíneos nas coletas realizadas em municípios do Estado da Bahia: Panstrongylus geniculatus (01), Triatoma melanocephala (11), T. lenti (94), T. pseudomaculata (02), T. sherlocki (26) e T. sordida (460), e duas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul: T. circummaculata (11) e T. rubrovaria (115). Dos exemplares examinados, T. cruzi foi isolado de 28 triatomíneos pertencentes a quatro espécies: T. melanocephala (uma), T. lenti (uma), T. rubrovaria (16) e T. sordida (10). O índice de infecção natural de triatomíneos por T. cruzi foi de 6,4%. CONCLUSÕES: O isolamento de cepas de T. cruzi em triatomíneos encontrados no intra e peridomicílio reflete o potencial risco de transmissão da doença de Chagas nos municípios estudados. DESCRITORES: Doença de Chagas, transmissão. Triatominae, Trypanosoma cruzi, isolamento. Doenças Transmissíveis, epidemiologia. INTRODUCTION Chagas disease is estimated to affect around 10 million Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil, which shows the per- people worldwide and 25 million people in Latin America sistence of transmission of the disease in that region. are at risk of infection.7 Silveira & Pinto Dias20 (2011) reported the control acti- In relation to the epidemiology of Chagas disease in vities exercised on a regular basis in Brazil, using syste- Brazil, in 1996 the Chagas Disease Control Program, of matic methodology and epidemiological, entomological the National Foundation for Health/Brazilian Ministry and serological surveys. These actions led to depletion of Health (FNS/MS), collected 290,576 triatomines, of of the main vector species, Triatoma infestans, allo- which 201,156 (69.2%) were captured in the Northeast chthonous and domestic only, and control of household region, where more attention and care are required in colonization species that are important in transmission. view of the presence of sylvatic species that are poten- Transmission is now residual in native species such as tially invasive and difficult to control.8 Triatoma brasiliensis and Triatoma pseudomaculata. There is a risk of domestication of species, previously In 1975, the Superintendency for Public Health Campaigns considered of wild behavior, such as Panstrongylus (SUCAM) implemented the Chagas Disease Control lutzi and T. rubrovaria, beyond the possibility of human Program in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern infections, directly related to the zoonotic transmission Brazil. This program was responsible for methodologi- cycle. Therefore, it is still essential to maintain strict 20 cal standardization, supply regulation and rationalization entomological surveillance. of the activities that provided a basis for vector control.4 The ecological history of the distribution of the several Almeida et al1 (2009) reported the presence of Triatoma strains of T. cruzi is marked by important changes star- rubrovaria naturally infected by T. cruzi in domestic and ting from the migration of mammals in the Americas, peridomestic areas of Rio Grande do Sul, where Rosa 18 habitat expansion, and destruction and urbanization of et al (2000) collected both T. rubrovaria and Triatoma the environment by humans.22 circummaculata also naturally infected by the parasite. Pena et al16 (2011) isolated T. cruzi strains that came from Collecting species, studying geographic distribution patients, reservoirs and vectors during an outbreak of and infection of triatomines by T. cruzi can contribute acute Chagas disease in the city of Navegantes, state of to the reporting of bugs and surveillance measures. Rev Saúde Pública 2014;48(2):295-302 297 This study aimed to isolate Trypanosoma cruzi strains from Triatomines were found sheltering in cracks in those envi- triatomines in domestic, peridomestic and sylvatic envi- ronments, under beds or behind objects placed along the ronments in states of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. walls. The studied peridomestic ecotopes were in a radius of 50 m from the houses, where domestic animals sleep or are bred. In the active researches, triatomines were col- METHODS lected manually with tweezers and placed in individual flasks labeled with information on the place of collection.12 In Rio Grande do Sul, triatomines were collected in syl- vatic environments in fourteen sites in six cities (Figure) The captured triatomines were taken to the Triatominae in the period between 2002 and 2003. In the state of Insectarium of the Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas Bahia, triatomines were captured in sylvatic, perido- of the Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de mestic and domestic areas in nine sites of five cities in Mesquista Filho” (FCF/UNESP) at Araraquara, SP, 2003, 2006, 2008 and 2009 (Table 1). The Bahia and Southeastern Brazil, where they were identified accor- Rio Grande do Sul State Departments of Health coope- ding to morphological characters present in insect iden- rated in the collection activities. The cities were chosen tification keys13 and kept under controlled temperature according to the report against triatomine by the health and humidity (27±2ºC and 60±3% RH). This species departments of Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. are maintained in the colony with controlled condi- tions in the Laboratory of Parasitology. The capture Environments of domestic units closed by doors, i.e., was conducted by a group containing guides, resear- houses and annexes, were considered domestic ecotopes.
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