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Breakthrough Propulsion Study Assessing Interstellar Flight Challenges and Prospects
Breakthrough Propulsion Study Assessing Interstellar Flight Challenges and Prospects NASA Grant No. NNX17AE81G First Year Report Prepared by: Marc G. Millis, Jeff Greason, Rhonda Stevenson Tau Zero Foundation Business Office: 1053 East Third Avenue Broomfield, CO 80020 Prepared for: NASA Headquarters, Space Technology Mission Directorate (STMD) and NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Washington, DC 20546 June 2018 Millis 2018 Grant NNX17AE81G_for_CR.docx pg 1 of 69 ABSTRACT Progress toward developing an evaluation process for interstellar propulsion and power options is described. The goal is to contrast the challenges, mission choices, and emerging prospects for propulsion and power, to identify which prospects might be more advantageous and under what circumstances, and to identify which technology details might have greater impacts. Unlike prior studies, the infrastructure expenses and prospects for breakthrough advances are included. This first year's focus is on determining the key questions to enable the analysis. Accordingly, a work breakdown structure to organize the information and associated list of variables is offered. A flow diagram of the basic analysis is presented, as well as more detailed methods to convert the performance measures of disparate propulsion methods into common measures of energy, mass, time, and power. Other methods for equitable comparisons include evaluating the prospects under the same assumptions of payload, mission trajectory, and available energy. Missions are divided into three eras of readiness (precursors, era of infrastructure, and era of breakthroughs) as a first step before proceeding to include comparisons of technology advancement rates. Final evaluation "figures of merit" are offered. Preliminary lists of mission architectures and propulsion prospects are provided. -
Nick Metropolis Edward Teller Mici Teller Arianna Rosenbluth Marshall
Mici Teller Edward Teller Nick Metropolis Arianna Rosenbluth Marshall Rosenbluth An Interview vith Bernie Alder Bernie Alder 1997, from NERSC , part of the Stories of the Development of Large Scale Scientific Computing at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory series. It is little known that THE algorithm was independently discovered by Bernie Alder, Stan Frankel and Victor Lewinson. Quoting Alder: ..we started out with a configuration, a solid like order configuration, and then jiggled the particles according to the pulse rate distribution. And that is, in fact, known now as the Monte Carlo Method—it was presumably independently developed at Los Alamos by Teller, Metropolis, and Rosenbluth. They actually got all the credit. My guess is we did it first at Cal Tech. It's not that difficult to come up with that algorithm, which, by the way, I think is one of, if not THE, most powerful algorithms Actually, In a footnote of the original paper by Metropolis et al. they credited Alder, Frankel and Lewinson on this, but this fact has been almost forgotten over the years. Furthermore Alder et al. did not give a general formulation for the algorithm but only a specialized version for hard spheres." Radial Distribution Function Calculated by the Monte-Carlo Method for a Hard Sphere Fluid! B. J. Alder, S. P. Frankel and V. A. Lewinson 1955! The Journal of Chemical Physics, 23, 417 (1955)! The paper mentioned above. Quoting Alder:! ! I was still working on my Ph.D. thesis. He (Frankel) was really well known in computing circles. He actually put the Monte Carlo Method on the FERRANTI Computer and ran it all summer. -
Modular Spacecraft with Integrated Structural Electrodynamic Propulsion
NAS5-03110-07605-003-050 Modular Spacecraft with Integrated Structural Electrodynamic Propulsion Nestor R. Voronka, Robert P. Hoyt, Jeff Slostad, Brian E. Gilchrist (UMich/EDA), Keith Fuhrhop (UMich) Tethers Unlimited, Inc. 11807 N. Creek Pkwy S., Suite B-102 Bothell, WA 98011 Period of Performance: 1 September 2005 through 30 April 2006 Report Date: 1 May 2006 Phase I Final Report Contract: NAS5-03110 Subaward: 07605-003-050 Prepared for: NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts Universities Space Research Association Atlanta, GA 30308 NAS5-03110-07605-003-050 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS.............................................................................................................................................1 TABLE OF FIGURES.................................................................................................................................................2 I. PHASE I SUMMARY ........................................................................................................................................4 I.A. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................4 I.B. MOTIVATION .................................................................................................................................................4 I.C. ELECTRODYNAMIC PROPULSION...................................................................................................................5 I.D. INTEGRATED STRUCTURAL -
Magnetoshell Aerocapture: Advances Toward Concept Feasibility
Magnetoshell Aerocapture: Advances Toward Concept Feasibility Charles L. Kelly A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Aeronautics & Astronautics University of Washington 2018 Committee: Uri Shumlak, Chair Justin Little Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Aeronautics & Astronautics c Copyright 2018 Charles L. Kelly University of Washington Abstract Magnetoshell Aerocapture: Advances Toward Concept Feasibility Charles L. Kelly Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Uri Shumlak Aeronautics & Astronautics Magnetoshell Aerocapture (MAC) is a novel technology that proposes to use drag on a dipole plasma in planetary atmospheres as an orbit insertion technique. It aims to augment the benefits of traditional aerocapture by trapping particles over a much larger area than physical structures can reach. This enables aerocapture at higher altitudes, greatly reducing the heat load and dynamic pressure on spacecraft surfaces. The technology is in its early stages of development, and has yet to demonstrate feasibility in an orbit-representative envi- ronment. The lack of a proof-of-concept stems mainly from the unavailability of large-scale, high-velocity test facilities that can accurately simulate the aerocapture environment. In this thesis, several avenues are identified that can bring MAC closer to a successful demonstration of concept feasibility. A custom orbit code that dynamically couples magnetoshell physics with trajectory prop- agation is developed and benchmarked. The code is used to simulate MAC maneuvers for a 60 ton payload at Mars and a 1 ton payload at Neptune, both proposed NASA mis- sions that are not possible with modern flight-ready technology. In both simulations, MAC successfully completes the maneuver and is shown to produce low dynamic pressures and continuously-variable drag characteristics. -
Plasma Physics in the 20Th Century As Told by Players”
Eur. Phys. J. H 43, 337{353 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1140/epjh/e2018-90061-5 THE EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL H Editorial Editorial introduction to the special issue \Plasma physics in the 20th century as told by players" Patrick H. Diamond1,a , Uriel Frisch2, and Yves Pomeau3 1 University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0319, USA 2 Universit´eC^oted'Azur, OCA, Lab. Lagrange, CS 34229, 06304 Nice Cedex 4, France 3 Ladhyx, Ecole´ Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France Received 31 October 2018 Published online 30 November 2018 c EDP Sciences, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature, 2018 Our ancestors lived in a world where { as far as they were aware { electrons and ions lived happily bound together. But with suitable conditions, e.g. low density and/or high temperature, electrons and ions will unbind and we obtain a plasma, a state of matter of which we became increasingly aware in the 20th century, and which pervades our universe near and far. There are also many applications of plasma physics: chip etching, TV screens, torches, propulsion, fusion (through magnetic or inertial confinement), astrophysics and space physics, and laser physics, to cite just a few. At the crossroads of electrodynamics, continuum physics, kinetic theory and nonlinear physics, plasma physics enjoys an abundance of riches. Actually, so much that we can only cover a fraction of its history in this limited volume. The history of plasma physics presented here covers mostly the period from 1950 to 2000. The issue is focussed both on fundamentals and on applications in controlled fusion through magnetic confinement, which in turn raises a host of fundamental and interesting questions in various areas. -
9Th Annual & Final Report 2006 2007
NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts 9th Annual & 2006 Final Report 2007 Performance Period July 12, 2006 - August 31, 2007 NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts 75 5th Street NW, Suite 318 Atlanta, GA 30308 404-347-9633 www.niac.usra.edu USRA is a non-profit corpora- ANSER is a not-for-profit pub- tion under the auspices of the lic service research corpora- National Academy of Sciences, tion, serving the national inter- with an institutional membership est since 1958.To learn more of 100. For more information about ANSER, see its website about USRA, see its website at at www.ANSER.org. www.usra.edu. NASA Institute for Advanced Concepts 9 t h A N N U A L & F I N A L R E P O R T Performance Period July 12, 2006 - August 31, 2007 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 7 7 MESSAGE FROM THE DIRECTOR 8 NIAC STAFF 9 NIAC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 10 THE LEGACY OF NIAC 14 ACCOMPLISHMENTS 14 Summary 14 Call for Proposals CP 05-02 (Phase II) 15 Call for Proposals CP 06-01 (Phase I) 17 Call for Proposals CP 06-02 (Phase II) 18 Call for Proposals CP 07-01 (Phase I) 18 Call for Proposals CP 07-02 (Phase II) 18 Financial Performance 18 NIAC Student Fellows Prize Call for Proposals 2006-2007 19 NIAC Student Fellows Prize Call for Proposals 2007-2008 20 Release and Publicity of Calls for Proposals 20 Peer Reviewer Recruitment 21 NIAC Eighth Annual Meeting 22 NIAC Fellows Meeting 24 NIAC Science Council Meetings 24 Coordination With NASA 27 Publicity, Inspiration and Outreach 29 Survey of Technologies to Enable NIAC Concepts 32 DESCRIPTION OF THE NIAC 32 NIAC Mission 33 Organization 34 Facilities 35 Virtual Institute 36 The NIAC Process 37 Grand Visions 37 Solicitation 38 NIAC Calls for Proposals 39 Peer Review 40 NASA Concurrence 40 Awards 40 Management of Awards 41 Infusion of Advanced Concepts 4 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S 7 LIST OF TABLES 14 Table 1. -
Fesac Finalrpt.Pdf
OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY MANAGED BY LOCKHEED MARTIN ENERGY RESEARCH CORPORATION PHONE: (423) 574-5510 FOR THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY FAX: (423) 576-6118 INTERNET: [email protected] POST OFFICE BOX 2008 OAK RIDGE, TN 37831-6248 September 16, 1999 Dr. Martha A. Krebs Director, Office of Science U.S. Department of Energy 1000 Independence Avenue, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20858 Dear Dr. Krebs: The FESAC is pleased to be able to complete its response to your charge of October 9, 1998, in regard to … “leading a community assessment of the restructured program thus far, including recommendations for further redirection given projected flat budgets for fusion. With this assessment as background, I would like your recommendations as to the proof-of-principle experiments now under review, as well as your recommendations regarding the balance of the program between tokamak and non-tokamak physics, and between magnetic and inertial fusion energy. Working with the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences (OFES), please develop goals and metrics to use in making your recommendations. I would also welcome any other recommendations on program content, emphasis, or balance.” In discussion with Dr. N. A. Davies, Director of OFES, it was agreed to frame the sub-charges as: · Recommend a balance between MFE and IFE; · Recommend priorities in the MFE program; · Recommend priorities in the IFE program; and · Recommend a course of action for the three proof-of-principle (POP) proposals. During the past year there has been a considerable amount of activity which helped us reach our conclusions. The FESAC has visited a number of fusion sites and has heard extensive presentations on the program. -
Tethers in Space Handbook - Second Edition
Tethers In Space Handbook - Second Edition - (NASA-- - I SECOND LU IT luN (Spectr Rsdrci ystLSw) 259 P C'C1 ? n: 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Space Flight Advanced Program Development NASA Headquarters Code MD Washington, DC 20546 This document is the product of support from many organizations and individuals. SRS Technologies, under contract to NASA Headquarters, compiled, updated, and prepared the final document. Sponsored by: National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASA Headquarters, Code MD Washington, DC 20546 Contract Monitor: Edward J. Brazil!, NASA Headquarters Contract Number: NASW-4341 Contractor: SRS Technologies Washington Operations Division 1500 Wilson Boulevard, Suite 800 Arlington, Virginia 22209 Project Manager: Dr. Rodney W. Johnson, SRS Technologies Handbook Editors: Dr. Paul A. Penzo, Jet Propulsion Laboratory Paul W. Ammann, SRS Technologies Tethers In Space Handbook - Second Edition - May 1989 Prepared For: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Office of Space Flight Advanced Program Development NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration FOREWORD The Tethers in Space Handbook Second Edition represents an update to the initial volume issued in September 1986. As originally intended, this handbook is designed to serve as a reference manual for policy makers, program managers, educators, engineers, and scientists alike. It contains information for the uninitiated, providing insight into the fundamental behavior of tethers in space. For those familiar with space tethers, it summarizes past and ongoing studies and programs, a complete bibliography of tether publications, and names, addresses, and phone numbers of workers in the field. Perhaps its most valuable asset is the brief description of nearly 50 tether applications which have been proposed and analyzed over the past 10 years. -
Iter Ita Newsletter
ITER ITA NEWSLETTER No. 18, OCTOBER– NOVEMBER–DECEMBER 2004 INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, AUSTRIA ISSN 1727–9852 COMMON MESSAGE FROM FOURTH PREPARATORY MEETING FOR ITER DECISION MAKING (IAEA, Vienna, 9 November 2004) Delegations from China, the European Union, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States of America met at the IAEA headquarters in Vienna on 9 November 2004 to advance the ITER negotiations. The two potential Host Parties, the European Union and Japan, presented the results of recent intensive bilat- eral discussions on the balance of roles and responsibilities of Host and non-Host in the joint realization of ITER in the frame of a six-Party international cooperation. These discussions will continue in the near future with the aim of aligning the two Parties’ views. All Parties were greatly encouraged by the positive atmosphere and expressed their optimism that the process was now proceeding effectively towards a fruitful conclusion among the six Parties in the near future. TWENTIETH IAEA FUSION ENERGY CONFERENCE 1–6 November 2004, Vilamoura, Portugal Opening Speech by Werner Burkart, Deputy Director General, IAEA Excellencies, Ladies and Gentlemen, Dear Participants of the Twentieth IAEA Fusion Energy Conference: On behalf of the Director General, Dr. ElBaradei, of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and on my own behalf, I welcome all participants to this 20th IAEA Fusion Energy Conference. Since the beginning of its support of controlled nuclear fusion in the late 1950s, the IAEA has enhanced world- wide commitment to fusion by creating awareness of the benefits of magnetic and inertial confinement. -
A Rapid and Scalable Approach to Planetary Defense Against Asteroid Impactors
THE LEAGUE OF EXTRAORDINARY MACHINES: A RAPID AND SCALABLE APPROACH TO PLANETARY DEFENSE AGAINST ASTEROID IMPACTORS Version 1.0 NASA INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED CONCEPTS (NIAC) PHASE I FINAL REPORT THE LEAGUE OF EXTRAORDINARY MACHINES: A RAPID AND SCALABLE APPROACH TO PLANETARY DEFENSE AGAINST ASTEROID IMPACTORS Prepared by J. OLDS, A. CHARANIA, M. GRAHAM, AND J. WALLACE SPACEWORKS ENGINEERING, INC. (SEI) 1200 Ashwood Parkway, Suite 506 Atlanta, GA 30338 (770) 379-8000, (770)379-8001 Fax www.sei.aero [email protected] 30 April 2004 Version 1.0 Prepared for ROBERT A. CASSANOVA NASA INSTITUTE FOR ADVANCED CONCEPTS (NIAC) UNIVERSITIES SPACE RESEARCH ASSOCIATION (USRA) 75 5th Street, N.W. Suite 318 Atlanta, GA 30308 (404) 347-9633, (404) 347-9638 Fax www.niac.usra.edu [email protected] NIAC CALL FOR PROPOSALS CP-NIAC 02-02 PUBLIC RELEASE IS AUTHORIZED The League of Extraordinary Machines: NIAC CP-NIAC 02-02 Phase I Final Report A Rapid and Scalable Approach to Planetary Defense Against Asteroid Impactors Table of Contents List of Acronyms ________________________________________________________________________________________ iv Foreword and Acknowledgements___________________________________________________________________________ v Executive Summary______________________________________________________________________________________ vi 1.0 Introduction _________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 2.0 Background _________________________________________________________________________________________ -
11 European Fusion Theory Conference
SCIENTIFIC PROGRAMME COMMITTEE F. Zonca(chair) ENEA, Italy D. Borba IST, Portugal M. Lisak VR, Sweden S. Cappello CNR, Italy V. Naulin Risø, Denmark F. Castejon CIEMAT, Spain M. Ottaviani CEA, France D. Van Eester TEC, Belgium O. Sauter CRPP, Switzerland th S. Günter IPP, Germany M. Tokar TEC, Germany 11 European J. Heikkinen Tekes, Finland M. Vlad INFLPR, Romania P. Helander UKAEA, UK Fusion Theory Conference Organised by: Association EURATOM-CEA and Université de Provence IMPORTANT DATES 30 April 2005 Deadline for submission of abstracts 15 June 2005 Information for contributors 30 June 2005 Deadline for registration and hotel reservation 26 -28 September 2005 11th EFTC LOCAL ORGANISING COMMITTEE M. Ottaviani (chairman) P. Beyer H. Capes A. Corso-Leclercq T. Hutter (scientific secretary) G. Huysmans (webmaster) R. Stamm Mailing Address: Mrs. A. Corso-Leclercq 11th EFTC Conference Secretariat 26 -28 September 2005 DRFC/SCCP/G2IC, bât. 513, Conference Centre CEA Cadarache, Aix-en-Provence, France 13108 St-Paul-lez-Durance, France Website : http://www-fusion-magnetique.cea.fr/eftc11/index.html E-mail : [email protected] Announcement and Call for Abstracts Photos by J-C Carbone SUBJECT MATTER A confirmation of receipt will be sent by e-mail within a week. Submissions printed on paper should be made only if severe problems The 11th European Fusion Theory Conference will be held in Aix-en- arise with electronic submission. The Scientific Committee will select the Provence in the south of France from the 26th to the 28th of September contributions on the basis of the submitted abstracts. Authors will be 2005. -
Siewnarine Vishal 2015 Masters
THE IMPACT OF ATMOSPHERIC MODELS ON THE DYNAMICS OF SPACE TETHER SYSTEMS Vishal Siewnarine A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE Graduate Program in Physics and Astronomy York University Toronto, Ontario September 2015 Vishal Siewnarine, 2015 Abstract Space debris has become an increasingly larger concern for aerospace travel and exploration. One idea to control the space debris population is to de-orbit defunct satellites using a space tether system. A space tether system is often made up of three parts: the main satellite, the tether and the sub-satellite. The tether connects the main satellite and the sub-satellite. Space tether systems make use of the Lorentz force as an electrodynamic drag for de-orbit. We use an established model of a space tether system to observe how satellites de- orbit. This model was constructed in MATLAB (Simulink) and uses the 1976 U.S. Standard Atmosphere. However, we wish to investigate how the model behaves using newer and more accurate atmospheric models, namely, the Jacchia-Bowman 2008 model and the Drag Temperature Model 2013. We also investigate the effect of controlling the tether's libration energy under the three aforementioned atmospheric models. ii Acknowledgements First of all, I would like to thank God for bringing me to this point. Without her, nothing is possible. Next, I would like to thank Professor Zheng Hong Zhu for his enduring patience and effort in being my supervisor and mentor whose sincerity, encouragement, late nights and tireless efforts helped shape my focus and inspire me as I hurdle all the obstacles and barriers in the completion of this work.