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2019 Water Quality REPORT

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2019 Water Quality REPORT 2019 water quality REPORT Photo Credit: Darren Robinson Photography shuswapwater.ca This page intentionally blank Photo Credit: Victoria Haack/Shuswap Tourism In the Shuswap watershed water quality is monitored at several locations, at different times of year, and by different organizations for different reasons. There are many reasons why water quality is monitored: • To observe and record water quality, • To ensure compliance with pollution repeatedly over a period of time, to create regulations or permit requirements a baseline—a set of conditions against which • To gather information so that pollution future measurements can be compared prevention or remediation programs • To protect public health and manage risk by can be designed ensuring water is safe for drinking and recreation • To measure how goals or targets • To identify change, trends, and existing for water quality are being met or emerging water quality problems • To understand how specific activities • To identify sources of pollution affect water quality. In this fourth annual report on water quality from the SWC, you’ll find results and information about: • Shuswap Lake, Mara Lake, Mabel Lake, and Adams Lake The Shuswap Watershed Council (SWC) • Shuswap River and Salmon River • Popular beaches is a partnership of many organizations • Research in the Salmon River, Shuswap River, with a responsibility for or an interest in and Mara Lake monitoring and enhancing water quality. • Algal blooms and cyanobacteria The SWC is pleased to present a summary • Salmon in the Shuswap of water quality monitoring results, research, • Aquatic invasive species, and how to prevent their spread and general information about the Shuswap • Tips for how residents and home owners watershed on behalf of its partners for 2019. can reduce their impact on water quality. 2019 Water Quality Report 3 The Shuswap watershed —where we live, work, and play Adams River A watershed is an area of land defined by where water flows. Watersheds receive precipitation—rain or snow —and over time, water drains through creeks, rivers and lakes to the single lowest point in the watershed. The Shuswap watershed is much more than the lake: N it is all the land and bodies of water that drain to the outlet of Little Shuswap Lake. It includes forests, fields, W E hillsides, wetlands, meadows, creeks, rivers and lakes S from the Okanagan Highlands in the south, to the Monashee mountains in the north and east, to the Shuswap Highlands in the northwest. dams River The Shuswap watershed is within Secwepemcul’ecw, A the traditional territory of the Secwepemc Nation; part of the watershed in the south is within the traditional territory of the Syilx (Okanagan) Nation. The Shuswap watershed forms part of the larger Thompson and Fraser watersheds. Seymour River Lake dams A This is a simplified map of the Shuswap 14 watershed. It shows the large lakes and rivers, 11 and the water quality monitoring locations that are reported on the following pages. 10 Select Water Quality Sample Locations 12 Eagle River 1. Sugar Lake 2. Mabel Lake—South End 9 3. Mabel Lake—Tsuius Creek 13 4. Shuswap River 8 5. Mara Lake—Fossette 5 6. Salmon River—Hwy 1 Bridge 7 4 7. Shuswap Lake—Tappen 6 8. Shuswap Lake—Canoe Point 3 River 9. Shuswap Lake—Marble Point Shuswap River 10. Shuswap Lake—Broken Point Shuswap 2 11. Shuswap Lake—Encounter Point 12. Shuswap Lake—Armstrong Point 13. Shuswap Lake—W. Sorrento Kilometers 1 14. Adams Lake Salmon River 015 020304050 Shuswap River 4 2019 Water Quality Report The BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy monitored water quality at the lakes covered in this report. Here is a snapshot of water quality monitoring results from 2019. Shuswap and Mara Lakes Shuswap and Mara Lakes 2019: Phosphorus Shuswap and Mara Lakes 2019: Total Nitrogen 0.026 0.3 0.024 0.022 0.25 0.02 0.018 0.2 0.016 (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.014 0.15 0.012 0.01 0.1 Concentration Concentration 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.05 0.002 0 0 Mara Lake Shuswap Lake Mara Lake Shuswap Lake Spring ‐ Reactive P Spring ‐ Total P Summer ‐ Reactive P Summer ‐ Total P Spring Summer Shuswap and Mara Lakes 2019: Secchi Depth Shuswap and Mara Lakes 2019: Dissolved Oxygen Mara Lake Shuswap Lake 14 12 10 0 (mg/L) 2 8 4 6 6 Concentration 4 8 (m) 10 2 Depth 12 0 14 16 18 Mara Lake Shuswap Lake Spring Summer Fall Spring Summer Shuswap and Mara Lakes 2019: Chlorophyll a 0.007 Why monitor nutrients? 0.006 Did you know that Phosphorus (P) and Nitrogen (N) are vital 0.005 nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem? That’s one of the reasons (mg/L) 0.004 why they’re routinely monitored. Aquatic life such as algae, 0.003 invertebrates and fish need these nutrients to grow and Concentration reproduce. Aquatic ecosystems are defined, in part, by the 0.002 amount of nutrients in them. Limnologists (lake biologists) 0.001 refer to this as “trophic condition”. In a healthy ecosystem, 0 the give-and-take of nutrients is balanced. But, excessive nutrients in an aquatic ecosystem can upset the balance and lead to algae growth, a reduction in water clarity, odours, and Mara Lake Shuswap Lake compromise the quality of water for drinking and recreation. Spring Summer There are two types of P reported: Reactive P and Total P. Reactive P is a form of phosphorus that’s immediately available (also known as “bioavailable”) to plant life, such as algae and aquatic plants. Therefore, Reactive P is the form of P shuswapwater.ca that has the potential to trigger an algal bloom. 2019 Water Quality Report 5 A ‘junior helper’ prepares to lower a Secchi Disk by a number of factors such as fine silt, algae, at a monitoring site in Scotch Creek. A Secchi disk or dissolved compounds in the water such as is a circular device with alternating black and tannins. Shuswap and Mara Lake typically white wedges. It is lowered into the water on a have high Secchi depth measurements in rope until the contrasting wedges are no longer most locations. The spring measurements visible beneath the surface. The depth of the disk tend to be smaller due to the influence of Vieira Erin Credit: Photo is the Secchi depth measurement. It is a low-tech, spring run-off on water clarity, particularly relative measurement of water clarity. Generally at the Tappen site which is relatively shallow speaking, a lake’s water clarity can be reduced and heavily influenced by the Salmon River. Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes 2019: Phosphorus Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes 2019: Total Nitrogen 0.026 0.3 0.024 0.022 0.25 0.02 0.018 0.2 0.016 (mg/L) (mg/L) 0.014 0.15 0.012 0.01 Concentration Concentration 0.1 0.008 0.006 0.004 0.05 0.002 0 0 Adams Lake Mabel Lake Sugar Lake Adams Lake Mabel Lake Sugar Lake Spring ‐ Reactive P Spring ‐ Total P Summer ‐ Reactive P Summer ‐ Total P Spring Summer Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes 2019: Secchi Depth Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes 2019: Dissolved Oxygen Adams Lake Mabel Lake Sugar Lake 14 12 0 10 2 (mg/L) 8 4 6 6 8 Concentration (m) 4 10 Depth 2 12 14 0 16 18 Adams Lake Mabel Lake Sugar Lake Spring Summer Spring Summer Adams, Mabel, and Sugar Lakes 2019: Chlorophyll A 0.007 Are you wondering where these sites are ? located? See the map on page 4 to find out. 0.006 0.005 (mg/L) 0.004 Natural vs. anthropogenic nutrient sources 0.003 In a watershed there can be many sources of nutrients. Concentration 0.002 Some are natural, and some are anthropogenic (created by people). Of the latter, these include municipal wastewater 0.001 effluent, septic drain fields, domestic and commercially 0 used fertilizers, such as those in agriculture, horticulture and forestry, and agricultural wastes. Adams Lake Mabel Lake Sugar Lake Notice the differences in phosphorus and Chlorophyll a Spring Summer between the lakes reported on this page, and Shuswap and Mara Lakes reported on the previous page. The values are lower for Mabel Lake, Sugar Lake and Adams Lake —this is indicative of the naturally very low-nutrient water quality in the upper reaches of the Shuswap watershed. 6 2019 Water Quality Report Photo Credit: Victoria Haack/Shuswap Tourism Haack/Shuswap Victoria Credit: Photo Lakes and rivers—an explanation of the monitoring programs Shuswap and Mara Lakes Salmon River The BC Ministry of Environment and Climate Change Strategy (MOE) Attainment Monitoring routinely monitors several locations in the Shuswap watershed twice If you’ve been reading the per year—spring and summer/fall—to identify long-term water quality SWC’s water quality summary trends in the lakes. As the data base grows, assessments yield a better reports since 2016, when it understanding of seasonal and year-to-year variations in the watershed. published its first summary The water quality parameters reported here—nutrients, chlorophyll a, report, you may have noticed dissolved oxygen, and Secchi depth—relate to lake productivity that previous reports showed (essentially, the ability of the lake to support plant growth) to assess water quality monitoring data the environmental health of the lake. In addition to what’s reported for the Salmon River at five sites here, the MOE also routinely monitors water quality parameters that as opposed to one site reported relate to human health and safety, including bacteria and algal in this summary. From 2016– taxonomy (different species of algae).
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