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Parasitic Infections in Pirarucu Fry, Arapaima Gigas Schinz, 1822 (Arapaimatidae) Kept in a Semi-Intensive Fish Farm in Central

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Parasitic Infections in Pirarucu Fry, Arapaima Gigas Schinz, 1822 (Arapaimatidae) Kept in a Semi-Intensive Fish Farm in Central VETERINARSKI ARHIV 79 (5), 499-507, 2009 PParasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections iinn ppirarucuirarucu ffry,ry, AArapaimarapaima ggigasigas SSchinz,chinz, 11822822 (AArapaimatidae)rapaimatidae) kkeptept iinn a ssemi-intensiveemi-intensive fi sshh ffarmarm iinn CCentralentral AAmazon,mazon, BBrazilrazil CCleusaleusa SSuzanauzana OliveiraOliveira AAraújoraújo1**,, AAnana LLúciaúcia GGomesomes1, MMarcosarcos TTavares-avares- DDiasias2, SSannyanny MMariaaria SSampaioampaio AAndradendrade1, AAndréiandréia BBelem-Costaelem-Costa3, JJoãooão TTitoito BBorgesorges4, MMarietaarieta NNascimentoascimento QQueirozueiroz1, aandnd MegaraMegara BBarbosaarbosa1 1CCentroentro UUniversitárioniversitário NNiltonilton LLinsins ((UNINILTONLINS),UNINILTONLINS), LLaboratórioaboratório ddee ZZoologiaoologia AAplicada,plicada, MManaus,anaus, AAM,M, BBrasilrasil 2EEmbrapambrapa AAmapá.mapá. RRodoviaodovia JJuscelinouscelino KKubitschek,ubitschek, MMacapá,acapá, AAP,P, BBrasilrasil 3UUniversidadeniversidade FFederalederal ddoo AAmazonasmazonas ((UFAM),UFAM), DDepartamentoepartamento ddee CCiênciasiências PPesqueirasesqueiras ( DDEPESCA),EPESCA), CCampusampus UUniversitário,niversitário, SSetoretor SSul,ul, MManaus,anaus, AAM,M, BBrasilrasil 4FFUCAPI,UCAPI, FFundaçãoundação CCentroentro ddee AAnálise,nálise, PPesquisaesquisa e IInovaçãonovação TTecnológica,ecnológica, MManaus,anaus, BBrasilrasil AARAÚJO,RAÚJO, CC.. SS.. OO.,., A.A. L.L. GOMES,GOMES, M.M. TTAVARES-DIAS,AVARES-DIAS, S.S. M.M. SS.. AANDRADE,NDRADE, A.A. BBELEM-COSTA,ELEM-COSTA, JJ.. TT.. BORGES,BORGES, M.M. NN.. QQUEIROZ,UEIROZ, MM.. BARBOSA:BARBOSA PParasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections iinn ppirarucuirarucu ffry,ry, AArapaimarapaima ggigasigas SSchinz,chinz, 11822822 (AArapaimatidae)rapaimatidae) kkeptept iinn a ssemi-intensiveemi-intensive fi sshh farmfarm inin CentralCentral AAmazon,mazon, BBrazil.razil Vet. arhiv 79, 499-507, 2009. ABSTRACT SStudiestudies rregardingegarding pparasitearasite ffaunaauna iinn ffarmedarmed fi sshh aarere ooff ggreatreat rrelevanceelevance ttoo tthehe kknowledgenowledge ooff tthehe pparasitesarasites sspecies,pecies, aallowingllowing iinterferencenterference iinn ttheirheir pproliferationroliferation iinn oorderrder ttoo aavoidvoid eepizootiespizooties aandnd cconsequently,onsequently, eeconomicalconomical llosses.osses. TThishis sstudytudy wwasas ddesignedesigned ttoo iinvestigatenvestigate tthehe pprevalencerevalence aandnd iintensityntensity ooff pparasitesarasites iinn ffryry AArapaimarapaima ggigasigas mmaintainedaintained iinn ppondsonds ooff a ssemi-intensiveemi-intensive fi sshh ffarmarm iinn AAmazonasmazonas SState,tate, BBrazil.razil. OOnn nnecropsy,ecropsy, 996.0%6.0% ooff AA.. ggigasigas wwereere ffoundound pparasitizedarasitized bbyy DDawestremaawestrema ccycloancistrioidesycloancistrioides, DDawestremaawestrema ccycloancistriumycloancistrium ((Monogenoidea),Monogenoidea), TTrichodinarichodina ssp.,p., IIchthyobodochthyobodo ssp.p. ((Protozoa),Protozoa), CCamallanusamallanus ttridentatusridentatus, TTerranovaerranova sserrataerrata, GGoeziaoezia sspinulosapinulosa ((Nematoda)Nematoda) aandnd AArgulidaergulidae. HHowever,owever, DD.. ccycloancistriumycloancistrium, DD.. ccycloancistrioidesycloancistrioides aandnd TTrichodinarichodina ffariaiariai wwereere tthehe pparasitesarasites ooff ggreatestreatest iintensity.ntensity. TThishis sstudytudy iiss tthehe fi rrstst ttoo rreporteport pparasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections iinn ffarmedarmed AA.. ggigasigas aandnd tthehe rresultsesults iindicatedndicated a hhighigh rrateate ooff iinfectionnfection tthathat mmightight lleadead ttoo iimportantmportant cchangeshanges iinn tthehe hhealthealth ooff tthehe hhosts.osts. KKeyey wwordsords: AAmazon,mazon, AArapaimarapaima ggigasigas, cculture,ulture, iinfections,nfections, pparasitesarasites *Corresponding author: DDr.r. CCleuzaleuza SSuzanauzana ddee OOliveiraliveira AAraújo,raújo, CCentroentro UUniversitárioniversitário NNiltonilton LLins,ins, LLaboratórioaboratório ddee ZZoologiaoologia AAplicada.plicada. AAvenidavenida PProfessorrofessor NNiltonilton LLins,ins, 33259.259. PParquearque ddasas LLaranjeiras,aranjeiras, CCEP:EP: 669058-040,9058-040, MManaus,anaus, AAM,M, BBrasil,rasil, EE-mail:-mail: [email protected]@niltonlins.br ISSN 0372-5480 Printed in Croatia 499 CC.. SS.. OO.. AraújoAraújo eett aal.:l.: PParasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections iinn ppirarucuirarucu ffry,ry, AArapaimarapaima ggigasigas IIntroductionntroduction TThehe AArapaimarapaima ggigas,igas, kknownnown aass ppirarucu,irarucu, iiss aann Ossteoglossiformeteoglossiforme fi sshh wwithith ddoubleouble bbreathing,reathing, wwhichhich iiss oonlynly ffoundound iinn SSouthouth AAmerica,merica, aandnd iinhabitsnhabits tthehe AAmazonmazon RRiveriver ddrainage,rainage, tthehe wwesternestern OOrinocorinoco aandnd tthehe rriveriver ssystemsystems ooff tthehe GGuianasuianas (QQUEIROZUEIROZ andand CCRAMPTON,RAMPTON, 11999999)).. TThishis fi sshh ccanan rreacheach uupp ttoo tthreehree mmeterseters iinn llengthength aandnd 220000 kkgg iinn mmassass (QQUEIROZUEIROZ aandnd CCRAMPTONRAMPTON, 11999999) aandnd iiss a mmuchuch aappreciatedppreciated sspeciespecies wwithith ggreatreat aacceptancecceptance oonn tthehe BBrazilianrazilian AAmazonianmazonian mmarket,arket, bbeingeing rregardedegarded aass a ffoodood fi sshh ooff tthehe hhighestighest qquality.uality. HHence,ence, iitt iiss oonene ooff tthehe mmostost iimportantmportant sspeciespecies fforor tthehe ddevelopmentevelopment aandnd iimprovementmprovement ooff iintensiventensive aaquaculturequaculture iinn tthehe AAmazonianmazonian rregionegion (OONONO eett aal.,l., 22003003 aandnd 22004004)).. DDespiteespite iitsts ggreatreat iimportancemportance ttoo tthehe AAmazonianmazonian ppeople,eople, llittleittle iiss kknownnown aaboutbout tthehe pparasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections ooff ffarmedarmed AA.. ggigasigas, bbecauseecause tthesehese sstudiestudies hhaveave bbeeneen ccarriedarried oout,ut, iinn ggeneral,eneral, iinn wwildild fi ssh.h. TThehe ppresenceresence ooff 2200 sspeciespecies ooff tthehe pparasitesarasites fforor ppirarucuirarucu hhaveave bbeeneen rreported.eported. TThreehree pparasitesarasites sspeciespecies aarere MMonogenoideas,onogenoideas, tthehe DDawestremaawestrema ccycloancistriumycloancistrium ((PricePrice aandnd NNowlin,owlin, 11967),967), DD.. ccycloancistrioidesycloancistrioides ((Kritsky,Kritsky, BBoegeroeger aandnd TThatcher,hatcher, 11985)985) aandnd DD.. ppunctatumunctatum, ((Kritsky,Kritsky, BoegerBoeger aandnd TThatcher,hatcher, 11985).985). SSixix sspeciespecies aarere NNematoda,ematoda, tthehe GGoeziaoezia sspinulosapinulosa DDiesing,iesing, 11939;939; PPhilometrahilometra ssenticosaenticosa BBaylis,aylis, 11927;927; CCamallanusamallanus ttridentatusridentatus DDrasche,rasche, 11884;884; GGnatostomanatostoma ggracilisracilis DDiesing,iesing, 11838;838; RRumaiumai rrumaiumai TTravassos,ravassos, 11960;960; TTerranovaerranova sserrataerrata DDrasche,rasche, 11884.884. TTwowo sspeciespecies aarere AAcantocephala,cantocephala, tthehe PPolyacanthorhynchusolyacanthorhynchus mmacrorhynchusacrorhynchus DDiesing,iesing, 11851851 aandnd PPolyacanthorhynchusolyacanthorhynchus rrhopalorhynchushopalorhynchus DDiesing,iesing, 11851.851. TTwowo sspeciespecies aarere CCestoda,estoda, SSchizochoeruschizochoerus lliguloidesiguloides DDiesing,iesing, 11850850 aandnd NNesolecithusesolecithus jjanickianicki PPoche,oche, 11922.922. TThreehree sspeciespecies aarere TTrematoda,rematoda, tthehe CCaballerotremaaballerotrema bbrasilienserasiliense PPrudhoe,rudhoe, 11960,960, CC.. aarapaimenseerapaimensee, TThatcher,hatcher, 11980980 aandnd HHimasthlaimasthla ppiscicolaiscicola SStunkard,tunkard, 11960.960. OOtherther ttwowo sspeciespecies aarere BBranchiura,ranchiura, tthehe DDolopsolops ddiscoidalisiscoidalis BBouvier,ouvier, 11899899 aandnd AArgulusrgulus ssp.,p., wwhilehile oonene ootherther sspeciespecies iiss CCopepoda,opepoda, tthehe EErgasilusrgasilus ssp.p. aandnd aanothernother iiss PPentastomidae,entastomidae, tthehe SSebekiaebekia sspp. (BBAYLIS,AYLIS, 11927;927; KKRITSKYRITSKY eett aal.,l., 11985;985; TTHATCHERHATCHER, 11980980 aandnd 22006;006; GGOMESOMES, 22006006)).. MModernodern fi sshh ffarmingarming wwithith hhighigh sstocktock fi sshh ddensitiesensities aandnd iintensiventensive pproductionroduction uunitsnits pproviderovide iidealdeal cconditionsonditions fforor tthehe iinvasionnvasion aandnd ppersistenceersistence ooff a rrangeange ooff ppathogensathogens aandnd pparasitesarasites (MMARTINSARTINS eett aal.,l., 22002;002; PPIAZZAIAZZA eett aall., 22006;006; LLEMOSEMOS eett aal.,l., 22007007)).. IInfectionsnfections bbyy tthesehese ddisease-causingisease-causing aagentsgents rreduceeduce tthehe ssurvivalurvival ooff fi ssh,h, ccausingausing eeconomicalconomical llossesosses ttoo ffarmers.armers. HHence,ence, fi sshh ssusceptibilityusceptibility ttoo pparasitesarasites iiss a cconstantonstant cconcernoncern ooff ffarmersarmers wwhoho nneedeed ttoo ddecreaseecrease tthesehese pproblemsroblems aandnd iincreasencrease pproduction.roduction. TThehe iincrementncrement ooff pparasiticarasitic iinfectionsnfections iinn tthehe ccultureulture eenvironmentnvironment hhasas aalsolso bbeeneen aassociatedssociated wwithith tthehe llowow qqualityuality ooff wwaterater aandnd iinadequatenadequate mmanagement.anagement. AAllll tthesehese eenvironmentalnvironmental ffactorsactors hhaveave bbeeneen rresponsibleesponsible fforor hhighigh iinfectionnfection bbyy mmonogeneanonogenean ((72.9%),72.9%), PPiscinoodiniumiscinoodinium ppillulareillulare
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