DOCSLIB.ORG

The Conflict of Colour : the Threatened Upheaval Throughout the World

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Conflict of Colour : the Threatened Upheaval Throughout the World THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR e% W EALE /^A:?;. 1 ||^'"-;: 1 WJ^''-^%':'' 1 |^&4;^ " .n. " 1 1 . ;^. ' »-•.•'. -^ '" -, •^(:-~-,. ' t-/ ^, ' 1 4;' 1 "'.•', " H _:i \ THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR THE MACMILLAN COMPANY MEW YORK • BOSTON • CHICAGO ATLANTA • SAN FRANCISCO MACMILLAN & CO., Limited LONDON • BOMBAY • CALCUTTA MELBOURNE THE MACMILLAN CO. OF CANADA, Ltd. TORONTO THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR The Threatened Upheaval throughout the World BY B. L. PUTNAM WEALE AUTHOR OF MANCHU AND MUSCOVITE; THE RESHAPING OF THE FAR EAST; THE TRUCE IN THE EAST AND ITS AFTERMATH ; THE COMING STRUGGLE IN EASTERN ASIA ; THE FORBIDDEN BOUNDARY; THE HUMAN COBWEB; ETC., ETC THE MACMILLAN COMPANY 1910 jUI rights reserved Copyright, 1910, By B. LENOX SIMPSON. Set up and electrotyped. Published November, 1910. J. 8. Gushing Co. — Berwick & Smith Co. Norwood, Mm*., U.S.A. College Libraiy HT 1521 56?lc. "Die Politik is keine Wissenschafc, wie viele der Herren Professoren sich einbilden, sondern eine Kunst." Bismarck^ speaking in the Reichstag on March 15, 1884. Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/conflictofcolourOOwealiala PREFACE The writer submits these pages in the full con- sciousness that they do no more than touch on the fringe of a mighty subject. Yet because that subject — worid- politics and world-movements — has profoundly interested him since his earliest years, he ventures to hope that in these papers some guidance may be found to a general understanding of the growing Conflict of Colour throughout the world. The subject-matter has been cast in as popular a form as possible, so that it may be easily read — the more technical points being thrown into footnotes for purposes of reference. It is necessary to state that a considerable portion of these papers appeared in an abbreviated form in The World's Work in both England and America; and the writer's thanks are due to the proprietors of that journal for permission to republish his studies in their present dress. B. L. PUTNAM WEALE. Peking, China, June, 1910. Vll CONTENTS PACB General Introduction . • i CHAPTER I How Colour divides the World of To-day ... 85 CHAPTER II The Yellow World of Eastern Asia 122 CHAPTER III The Brown World of the Middle East and the Near East 184 CHAPTER IV The Black Problem 228 CHAPTER V General Conclusions 264 Appendix I. : The Chief Colonial Powers and their Possessions 321 Appendix II.: Density of Populations 331 Index 333 IX THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR GENERAL INTRODUCTION The task which the writer has set himself to perform in the pages that follow is at once definite and indefinite. In all matters where diligence of study and an ob- servance of facts has made it seem permissible, he has not hesitated to express himself in uncompromising terms and to draw his own very definite conclusions.^ * The historian Guizot (History of Civilization in France, Elev- enth Lecture) gives a singularly lucid analysis of the duties of the historical writer in the following words : — "Every epoch, every historical matter, if I may so speak, may be considered under three different points of view, and imposes a triple task upon the historian. He can, nay, he should, first seek the facts themselves; collect and bring to light, without any aim than that of exactitude, all that has happened. The facts once re- covered, it is necessary to know the laws that have governed them; how they were connected; what causes have brought about those incidents which are the life of society, and propel it, by certain ways, towards certain ends. "I wish to mark with clearness and precision the difference of the two studies. Facts, properly so called, external and visible events, are the body of history; the members, bones, muscles, organs, and material elements of the past; their knowledge and description from what may be called historical anatomy. But for society, as for the individual, anatomy is not the only science. Not only do facts sub- sist, but they are connected with one another; they succeed each B X 2 THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR But since in geo-politics there exists such a large num- ber of imponderables — factors which, though they are not susceptible of accurate classification and estima- tion, are often more weighty than aught else — in many parts of this detailed enquiry it has been necessary for him to take refuge in generalities and to evade direct deductions. This is perhaps equivalent to confessing that nothing final or decisive can be said about the very matters which are just the most interesting, and regarding which people must always be most curious. Yet though this serious limitation may be admitted as in some degree true, so clear has the conviction become in the writer's mind — after an exhaustive study in one great quarter of the globe — that certain forces are being inevitably ranged against one another as they have never been before, that he ventures to believe that a general consideration — no matter how imperfect it may be — of a subject which most intimately concerns every member of the human race, will be of very wide- spread interest. To the white races in the lands of the coloured peoples, the twentieth century, unlike all its predecessors, can only prove a century of retroaction and redemise; and it is from this point of view that the whole vast question of the conflict of colour will be considered. Though any orientation of politics based on a foregone conclusion is necessarily faulty, it is at least possible, by adopting this method, to avoid that distressing ambiguousness which, because it touches other, and are engendered by the action of certain forces, which act under the empire of certain laws. There is, in a word, an organ- isation and a life of societies, as well as of the individual. This organisation has also its science, the science of the secret laws which preside over the course of events. This is the physiology of history." GENERAL INTRODUCTION 3 on all matters in strictly qualified language, not only fails to give real guidance but actually tends to increase doubt and confusion. The time has come when facts should be boldly met — when men should understand that the world, with all its inherited wisdom, is admit- tedly bewildered by being brought face to face once more with the oldest of problems — the conflict between East and West. The first and main reason for this new state of affairs must be sought for solely in that vast double movement which some too confidently believe heralds the days when men will be inclined to compose their differences peacefully rather than resort to the arbitrament of war. This double movement is simply the modern growth of populations and the modern growth of real knowledge, as opposed to the old knowledge, which was so largely based on tradition and superstition and was therefore so false and so misleading; and because this movement is now so universal, it escapes the close study and attention it surely deserves. The growth of modern populations is alone porten- tous: it is not only marvellous to the statistician, but it actually means that density of population will in future decide to an ever greater extent the grand move- ments in world-politics.' Yet to-day, perhaps because * The writer is, of course, aware that there is an element of weakness in this argument, since it follows that if density of population is soon to become the determining factor in political evolution — a point which he himself constantly insists upon — nations which are standing still, such as France, Spain and Portugal, must sooner or later submit openly to the influence of others, who will pour in their men. This will mean war — not necessarily unsuccessful to the numerically weaker nations. But to put the matter differently and to use a useful simile, Europe 4 THE CONFLICT OF COLOUR they are a little weary, people are far more apt to dwell with melancholy on the solitary instance of a Euro- pean State which seems to have reached the station- ary condition — France ^ — than to reflect on the marvel may be compared to an unequal terrain on which water is steadily collecting in certain places to a greater and greater extent. An overspill is bound to occur on to the higher barren places when the level reaches a certain altitude. The greatest density of population in any European country is to-day about 600 to the square mile, in Belgium, and Belgians are already spilling into France. When Germany reaches that density a similar movement will possibly commence; and though Spain and Portugal are effectively isolated by mountain-ranges, it cannot be doubted that unless they arise from their torpor, their future is sealed. Thus we may really see one day a new infiltration of Germanic peoples over Latin Europe (with the exception of Italy), for it is impossible for populations to attain a density of 2,000 or even 1,000 to the square mile without overspilling on to more empty lands. But all this belongs to a political future too distant to be considered in any practical way to-day. A fresh mixture of Teutonic with Latin blood may cause a repetition of the history of fifteen centuries ago. * Alison, in his History of Europe, written more than half a century ago, has the following informing footnote on this pregnant question of French population (Vol. L, p. 119): — "Now, to show the capability of the soil of a country of this description to maintain an increase of inhabitants, let us consider merely what may be raised from 40,000,000 of arable acres, little more than one half of its arable ground, and considerably less than a third of its total superficies.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Rising Tide of Color by Lothrop Stoddard £ 6,00 Plus £ 1,50 P + P / [email protected]
    Books online The Rising Tide of Color by Lothrop Stoddard £ 6,00 plus £ 1,50 p + p / [email protected] The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy by Lothrop Stoddard, A.M., Ph.D. (Harvard) Author of "The Stakes of the War," "Present-Day Europe: Its National States of Mind," "The French Revolution in San Domingo," Etc. With an Introduction by Madison Grant Chairman, New York Zoological Society; Trustee American Museum Of Natural History; Councillor American Geographical Society; Author Of " The Passing Of The Great Race" New York - 1922 CONTENTS Preface Introduction by Madison Grant PART I - The Rising Tide of Color i. The World of Color ii. Yellow Man's Land iii. Brown Man's Land iv. Black Man's Land v. Red Man's Land PART II - The Ebbing Tide of White vi. The White Flood vii. The Beginning of the Ebb viii. The Modern Peloponnesian War ix. The Shattering of White Solidarity PART III - The Deluge On The Dikes x. The Outer Dikes xi. The Inner Dikes xii. The Crisis of the Ages Return to Home Page Books online The Rising Tide of Color by Lothrop Stoddard PREFACE More than a decade ago I became convinced that the key-note of twentieth-century world-politics would be the relations between the primary races of mankind. Momentous modifications of existing race-relations were evidently impending, and nothing could be more vital to the course of human evolution than the character of these modifications, since upon the quality of human life all else depends. Acoordingly, my attention was thenceforth largely directed to racial matters.
    [Show full text]
  • 「列強植民帝国旗章」 Flags of Former Colonies & Overseas Territories of the Great Powers
    「列強植民帝国旗章」 Flags of Former Colonies & Overseas Territories of the Great Powers Nozomi Kariyasu 今から４５年前の１９６４年に開催された東京オリンピック大会には世界から８５の独立国に 加え、英領香港、バミューダ、ギアナ、バハマ、ローデシア、北ローデシア、米領プエルトリコ、オラ ンダ領アンティルの８つの属領が参加した。 In 1964, 45 years ago, the Tokyo Olympic Games were held with 85 independent nations and eight dependencies participating (those dependencies were British Hong Kong, Bermuda, British Guiana, Bahamas, Rhodesia, Northern Rhodesia, Puerto Rico, and Dutch Antilles). (A) Tokyo Olympic Games Poster (B) Japanese Delegation, Tokyo Olympic Games それまで日本の一般的な地図帳に掲載されている国旗はすべて独立国の旗だったので、オリンピ ック大会開会式入場行進ではじめて見るこれら地域の旗に中学生だった私は大変感動した記憶 がある。 Before that time, general Japanese atlases only showed the national flags of independent nations. So the flags of the eight dependencies which appeared when the delegations entered the stadium at the opening ceremony impressed me very much. I was then a junior high student. (C) Opening Ceremony Flags (D) Bahamian Delegation (E) Rhodesian Delegation (F) Tokyo Olympic Games Delegation Emblems 特に英領地域の旗はどれもカントンに英国国旗を、フライに徽章を付け、何らかのルールに基づ き整然と旗が作られている印象を受けた。また、当時はまだ世界に多く存在した属領、植民地には どうやらそれぞれ固有の旗がありそうと思い、これを契機に大使館に問い合わせたり、外書専門 書店や図書館で調べたりと自分なりに旗の研究に拍車がかかった次第である。 I was particularly impressed with British dependencies flags, which all had the Union Flag in the canton and a badge in the fly, because those flags seemed to have been made based upon a kind of rule. I also assumed that each colony and overseas territory might have its own flag. I took the opportunity to start sending flag questions to foreign embassies in Tokyo
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the International Place Branding Association (IPBA)
    Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the International Place Branding Association (IPBA) Hosted by the Destination Branding & Marketing Group (DBM-VI) Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao Macao S.A.R., China 5-7 December 2018 Leonardo (Don) A.N. Dioko, Phd. Editor Organized by: Sponsor and support: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL PLACE BRANDING AND 6TH DESTINATION BRANDING AND MARKETING CONFERENCES INSTITUTE FOR TOURISM STUDIES, MACAO, 5 TO 7 DECEMBER 2018 Proceedings of the Third Annual Conference of the International Place Branding Association (IPBA)— Hosted by the Destination Branding and Marketing Special Interest Group (DBM-VI) Editor: Leonardo (Don) A. N. Dioko Published December 2018 by the Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao © Copyright Institute for Tourism Studies, Macao 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover photo courtesy of Mr. Window Leong. Macao SAR, China, December 2018 ISBN 978-99937-51-43-4 PAGE 2 OF 268 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL PLACE BRANDING AND 6TH DESTINATION BRANDING AND MARKETING CONFERENCES INSTITUTE FOR TOURISM STUDIES, MACAO, 5 TO 7 DECEMBER 2018 Leonardo (Don) A.N. Dioko, Phd. Editor Welcome from the Chairman of the International Place Branding Association (IPBA) ...................................... 8 Dr. Robert Govers Welcome from your Host ......................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • An Examination of Regional Views on South Asian Co-Operation with Special Reference to Development and Security Perspectives in India and Shri Lanka
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 Northi Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Rearticulations of Enmity and Belonging in Postwar Sri Lanka
    BUDDHIST NATIONALISM AND CHRISTIAN EVANGELISM: REARTICULATIONS OF ENMITY AND BELONGING IN POSTWAR SRI LANKA by Neena Mahadev A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland October, 2013 © 2013 Neena Mahadev All Rights Reserved Abstract: Based on two years of fieldwork in Sri Lanka, this dissertation systematically examines the mutual skepticism that Buddhist nationalists and Christian evangelists express towards one another in the context of disputes over religious conversion. Focusing on the period from the mid-1990s until present, this ethnography elucidates the shifting politics of nationalist perception in Sri Lanka, and illustrates how Sinhala Buddhist populists have increasingly come to view conversion to Christianity as generating anti-national and anti-Buddhist subjects within the Sri Lankan citizenry. The author shows how the shift in the politics of identitarian perception has been contingent upon several critical events over the last decade: First, the death of a Buddhist monk, which Sinhala Buddhist populists have widely attributed to a broader Christian conspiracy to destroy Buddhism. Second, following the 2004 tsunami, massive influxes of humanitarian aid—most of which was secular, but some of which was connected to opportunistic efforts to evangelize—unsettled the lines between the interested religious charity and the disinterested secular giving. Third, the closure of 25 years of a brutal war between the Sri Lankan government forces and the ethnic minority insurgent group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), has opened up a slew of humanitarian criticism from the international community, which Sinhala Buddhist populist activists surmise to be a product of Western, Christian, neo-colonial influences.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonialism, Political, Economic and Social Impacts, Africa
    Impacts of Colonialism - A Research Survey 1 Patrick Ziltener University of Zurich, Switzerland zaibat@soziologie .unizh.ch Daniel Kunzler University of Fribourg, Switzerland daniel.kuenzler@un ifr.ch Abstract The impacts of colonialism in Africa and Asia have never been compared in a systematic manner for a large sample of countries. This research survey presents the results of a new and thorough assessment of the highly diverse phenomenon - including length of domination , violence, partition, proselytization, instrumentalization of ethno-linguistic and religious cleavages, trade, direct investment, settlements, plantations, and migration - organized through a dimensional analysis (political, social, and economic impacts). It is shown that while in some areas, colonial domination has triggered profound changes in economy and social structure, others have remained almost untouched. Keywords: Colonialism, political, economic and social impact s, Africa, Asia There is a stron g tradition of empirical-quantitativ e research from a world systems­ perspective (see, among other s, Bomschier and Chase-Dunn 1985). This research, howev er, has until recently been confined to indir ect mea suring of historicall y earlier factors, although it stresses theoreticall y the importance of long-term historical factors. According to Sanderson, world-systems analys is "tends to ignore the pre capitalist history of these societies [... ] this history often turns out to be of critical importance in conditioning the way in which any given society will be incorporat ed into the capitali st system and the effects of that incorporation" (Sanderson 2005: 188). For Kerbo (2005a: 430), scholarship has "yet to consider that East and Southeast Asian countries more generall y are somehow different from Latin American and African nations when it comes to important aspects of political economy that might interact with the affects of outside multin ational corporate investment.
    [Show full text]
  • Republic at 40
    ! 24 Interview From Federalism to Separatism: The Impact of the 1970-72 Constitution- Making Process on Tamil Nationalism’s Ideological Transformation g D. Sithadthan1 1 Former Member of Parliament; Leader, People’s Liberation Organisation of Tamil Eelam (PLOTE). This interview was conducted by Luwie Ganeshathasan on 20th July 2012 in Colombo. ! ! From a Tamil perspective, what were the broad political issues of the post-independence period and what were the main political and constitutional challenges that the Tamil people faced? Opinion was divided at that time among the Tamils. Some sections were advocating for a federal state but people like Mr G.G. Ponnambalam were for a unitary state. I think he believed that, at that time since the Tamils were in an advantageous position, that within a unitary state, Tamils could have a major portion of the cake. There was a belief that if the Tamils ask for a federal state they will be confined to the north and east only and will have no share of the power in the central government. The Tamil people’s opposition was on an issue-by-issue basis. For example, there was opposition to the design of the national flag because the Tamil people felt it is a symbol of the Sinhala people only. Later the green and orange stripes were added to signify the Muslim and Tamil people, but to this day the Tamil people are not willing to accept the national flag as ours. Furthermore, in spite of Section 29 of the Soulbury Constitution and the famous Kodeeswaran Case, the Sinhala Only Act was passed.
    [Show full text]
  • The Birth of Chinese Feminism Columbia & Ko, Eds
    & liu e-yin zHen (1886–1920?) was a theo- ko Hrist who figured centrally in the birth , karl of Chinese feminism. Unlike her contem- , poraries, she was concerned less with China’s eds fate as a nation and more with the relation- . , ship among patriarchy, imperialism, capi- talism, and gender subjugation as global historical problems. This volume, the first translation and study of He-Yin’s work in English, critically reconstructs early twenti- eth-century Chinese feminist thought in a transnational context by juxtaposing He-Yin The Bir Zhen’s writing against works by two better- known male interlocutors of her time. The editors begin with a detailed analysis of He-Yin Zhen’s life and thought. They then present annotated translations of six of her major essays, as well as two foundational “The Birth of Chinese Feminism not only sheds light T on the unique vision of a remarkable turn-of- tracts by her male contemporaries, Jin h of Chinese the century radical thinker but also, in so Tianhe (1874–1947) and Liang Qichao doing, provides a fresh lens through which to (1873–1929), to which He-Yin’s work examine one of the most fascinating and com- responds and with which it engages. Jin, a poet and educator, and Liang, a philosopher e plex junctures in modern Chinese history.” Theory in Transnational ssential Texts Amy— Dooling, author of Women’s Literary and journalist, understood feminism as a Feminism in Twentieth-Century China paternalistic cause that liberals like them- selves should defend. He-Yin presents an “This magnificent volume opens up a past and alternative conception that draws upon anar- conjures a future.
    [Show full text]
  • Bargaining in a Labor Regime: Plantation Life and the Politics of Development in Sri Lanka Mythri Jegathesan Submitted in Parti
    ! Bargaining in a Labor Regime: Plantation Life and the Politics of Development in Sri Lanka Mythri Jegathesan Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2013 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! © 2013! ! Mythri Jegathesan All rights reserved ! ! ABSTRACT Bargaining in a Labor Regime: Plantation Life and the Politics of Development in Sri Lanka Mythri Jegathesan This dissertation is an ethnographic study of migrant labor, development, and gender among Malaiyaha (“Hill Country”) Tamil tea plantation residents in contemporary Sri Lanka. It draws on one year of field research (2008-2009) conducted during state emergency rule in Sri Lanka amongst Malaiyaha Tamil plantation residents, migrant laborers, and community members responding to histories of dislocation and ethnic marginalization. Based on ethnographic observations, detailed life histories, and collaborative dialogue, it explores how Malaiyaha Tamils reconstitute what it means to be a political minority in an insecure Sri Lankan economy and state by 1) employing dignity-enabling strategies of survival through ritual practices and storytelling; 2) abandoning income-generating options on the plantations to ensure financial security; and 3) seeking radical alternatives to traditional development through employment of rights- based ideologies and networks of solidarity in and beyond Sri Lanka. Attending to these three spheres of collective practice—plantation life, migrant labor experience, and human development—this dissertation examines how Malaiyaha Tamils actively challenge historical representations of bonded labor and political voicelessness in order to rewrite their representative canon in Sri Lanka. ! ! At the center of each pragmatic site is the Malaiyaha Tamil woman.
    [Show full text]
  • BAA December 2017 Web Newsletter.Cdr
    BURGHER ASSOCIATION (AUSTRALIA) INC Postal Address: PO Box 75 Clarinda VIC 3169 ABN - 28 890 322 651 ~ INC. REG. NO. A 0007821F Web Site: http://www.burgherassocn.org.au Summer 2017 December News Bulletin COMMITTEE OF MANAGEMENT 2017/18 President Mr Hermann Loos - 03 9827 4455 [email protected] Vice President Mrs Tamaris Lourensz - 03 5981 8187 [email protected] Secretary Mr Harvey Foenander - 03 8790 1610 [email protected] Assistant Secretary Mrs Rosemary Quyn - 03 9563 7298 [email protected] Treasurer Mr Bert Van Geyzel - 03 9557 0763 [email protected] Assistant Treasurer Ashley Henricus - 03 9561 6212 [email protected] Editor Mr Neville Davidson - 03 97111 922 [email protected] Public Relations Manager Mrs Elaine Jansz - 03 9798 6315 [email protected] Premises Manager Mr Bevill Jansz - 03 9798 6315 [email protected] Customer Relations Manager Mrs Breeda Foenander - 03 8790 1610 [email protected] COMMITTEE Mrs Carol Loos - 03 9827 4455, Rita Van Geyzel 03 9557 0763 Mrs Fallon De Zilwa - 0414 096 774, Mrs Dyan Davidson - 03 97111 922 Mr Hans De Zilwa - 0419 292 939 2 Editor’s Note Dear Members Welcome to the Summer Edition of the BAA Newsletter. The year has been quite hectic for the Association's Committee of Management in terms of involvement with BAA activities. A very dedicated Entertainment Committee put together some well- planned events that was attended by many of you members and, a host of friends of the BAA. The response has been quite phenomenal. The Hiring out of the BAA premises has been very encouraging but, not without some incidental damage to the property caused by a few unruly & inebriated attendees; the damages have been repaired.
    [Show full text]
  • Reappropriation, Resistance, and British Autocracy in Sri Lanka, 1820-1850
    The Historical Journal Reapprop riation, Resistance, and British Autocracy in Sri Lanka, 1820-1850 Journal: The Historical Journal Manuscript ID HJ-2015-119.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Period: 1800-99 Thematic: Political, Administrative & Legal, Social, Cultural Geographic: Asia, South Cambridge University Press Page 1 of 50 The Historical Journal REAPPROPRIATION, RESISTANCE, AND BRITISH AUTOCRACY IN SRI LANKA, 1820-1850 * JAMES WILSON Sidney Sussex College, University of Cambridge ABSTRACT. Sri Lanka’s kingdom of Kandy fell to the British in 1815 and a rebellion in its name was defeated two years later. Across the next three decades, islanders took up religious ceremonies, legal concepts, and regal traditions formerly linked to Kandy’s king and his court. These reappropriations were responses to efforts by the state to control Sri Lanka: expressions of kingship reassembled in particular ways to resist specific British incursions. Critically, islanders situated these activities in historical, colonial, and global contexts, manipulating transoceanic and imperial networks. Although they invariably failed, episodes of reappropriation bemused colonists with their complexities and globalisms and gradually subverted British autocracy, the form of imperial governance in Sri Lanka. Autocracy then gave way to more regularized modes of rule. Bringing together three separate examples, this paper disputes an important argument about Sri Lanka’s insurgent national character and reveals islanders’ elaborate responses to the Cambridge University Press The Historical Journal Page 2 of 50 RESISTANCE IN COLONIAL SRI LANKA incursions of imperialism. More broadly, it suggests that such episodes should be viewed as creative instances of resistance that deployed networks, practices, and ideas and became enmeshed with the development of the state through their influence over colonial governance.
    [Show full text]
  • Application of Link Integrity Techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web
    UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electronics and Computer Science A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD Supervisor: Prof. Wendy Hall and Dr Les Carr Examiner: Dr Nick Gibbins Application of Link Integrity techniques from Hypermedia to the Semantic Web by Rob Vesse February 10, 2011 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMPUTER SCIENCE A mini-thesis submitted for transfer from MPhil to PhD by Rob Vesse As the Web of Linked Data expands it will become increasingly important to preserve data and links such that the data remains available and usable. In this work I present a method for locating linked data to preserve which functions even when the URI the user wishes to preserve does not resolve (i.e. is broken/not RDF) and an application for monitoring and preserving the data. This work is based upon the principle of adapting ideas from hypermedia link integrity in order to apply them to the Semantic Web. Contents 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Hypothesis . .2 1.2 Report Overview . .8 2 Literature Review 9 2.1 Problems in Link Integrity . .9 2.1.1 The `Dangling-Link' Problem . .9 2.1.2 The Editing Problem . 10 2.1.3 URI Identity & Meaning . 10 2.1.4 The Coreference Problem . 11 2.2 Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1 Early Hypermedia . 11 2.2.1.1 Halasz's 7 Issues . 12 2.2.2 Open Hypermedia . 14 2.2.2.1 Dexter Model . 14 2.2.3 The World Wide Web .
    [Show full text]