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Anatomical Studies of Canine Vascular and Ligamentous Ear Structures With Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 2012 Anatomical studies of canine vascular and ligamentous ear structures with revelance to acute- onset deafness Cathryn Kay Stevens-Sparks Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations Part of the Medicine and Health Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Stevens-Sparks, Cathryn Kay, "Anatomical studies of canine vascular and ligamentous ear structures with revelance to acute-onset deafness" (2012). LSU Doctoral Dissertations. 1397. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_dissertations/1397 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please [email protected]. ANATOMICAL STUDIES OF CANINE VASCULAR AND LIGAMENTOUS EAR STRUCTURES WITH RELEVANCE TO ACUTE-ONSET DEAFNESS A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Interdepartmental Program in Veterinary Medical Sciences through the Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences by Cathryn Kay Stevens-Sparks B.S., Louisiana State University, 1993 M.S., Louisiana State University, 1999 August 2012 DEDICATION Many years of undergraduate and post-graduate education have led to the culmination of this work, which would never have been possible without the love and support of my family. This dissertation is dedicated to my late husband, Michael F. Stevens, who was my chief supporter throughout my undergraduate and part of my post-graduate education. Without his love and encouragement I would not be where I am today. This dissertation is also dedicated to my husband, James E. Sparks; my parents, James and Sarah Nichols; and my three children, Kaycee Lynn Stevens, Joshua Cole Stevens, and Cathryn Mechelle Stevens. I love you all very dearly! ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would first like to thank my major advisor, Dr. George Strain, for his support, direction and patience throughout the seven years that it took for me to complete this work. Dr. Strain’s guidance was sturdy, but never over-bearing, and for this I am grateful. I sincerely appreciate the mentorship of Dr. Daniel Hillmann, who has contributed a great deal toward my education in anatomy and who assisted me in many aspects of this project. I would like to extend a special thank you to my committee members, Dr. Ji-Ming Feng, Dr. Joseph Francis, Dr. Cheryl Hedlund, Dr. Charles Lee, Dr. James Ottea, and Dr. Jason Mussell, for their time, patience and support. I appreciate all of those who provided technical support for this project. I want to thank Sherry Ring for her time and patience in preparing my histologogy samples, Dr. Steven Cardiff for providing dermestid beetle maceration , Dr. Kent Sanders for computed tomography scanning , Dr. Daniel Hillmann for assistance with photography, Jonuel Cruz-Sanabria for assistance with specimen preparation, and my sister, Lee Aymond, for her drawings of components of the middle and outer ears. I am exceptionally grateful for the many colleagues and friends who have provided support and encouragement. I owe a debt of gratitude to Dr. Ray Wilhite and Dr. Kristina Porthouse for their friendship and their insight on how and when to give my confidence that necessary reboot. I would like to extend a heart-felt thank you to my supervisor and friend, Dr. Martha Littlefield, the firecracker that keeps me on my toes and who continuously encourages the advancement of my knowledge. A sincere appreciation for the support and shared understanding of my fellow past and present graduate students, Dr. Carrie Elks, Emily Creekmore, and Janina Fuller. Thank you ladies for always taking the time to listen and for keeping me grounded during the most stressful of times. A special thanks to Dr. Tristan Colonius for cheering me on and for being my biggest fan. Finally, I iii would like to thank my oldest and dearest friend, Shannon White Meaut, who elevates my spirits by her presence. Last, but certainly not least, I would like to thank my family for their patience and support. I am grateful to my husband, James E. Sparks, and children, Joshua Cole Stevens and Cathryn “Caty” Mechelle Stevens who exercised a great deal of patience when I had to work late hours. I would like to extend a special recognition to my daughters, Kaycee Lynn Stevens and Caty Stevens. Thank you, Kaycee, for always picking up the phone when I needed to vent and Caty for always making me laugh when it just wasn’t in me to do so. God sure knew what He was doing when He gave me you! iv TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ....................................................................................................................................... ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .................................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1 References ................................................................................................................................. 4 2 ANATOMY OF THE EAR ....................................................................................................... 6 Anatomy of the External Ear ..................................................................................................... 6 Anatomy of the Middle Ear ..................................................................................................... 13 Anatomy of the Inner Ear ........................................................................................................ 18 Development of the Ear ........................................................................................................... 24 External and Middle Ear ................................................................................................... 25 Inner Ear ............................................................................................................................ 26 Blood Supply to the Ear .......................................................................................................... 26 External Ear ....................................................................................................................... 26 Middle Ear ......................................................................................................................... 27 Inner Ear ............................................................................................................................ 29 Innervation of the Ear .............................................................................................................. 29 External Ear ....................................................................................................................... 29 Middle Ear ......................................................................................................................... 30 Inner Ear ............................................................................................................................ 31 Skull Structures with Relevance to the Ear ............................................................................. 31 References ............................................................................................................................... 39 3 POST-ANESTHESIA DEAFNESS IN DOGS AND CATS FOLLOWING DENTAL AND EAR CLEANING PROCEDURES ......................................................................................... 42 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 42 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................ 43 Results ..................................................................................................................................... 43 Discussion ............................................................................................................................... 47 References ............................................................................................................................... 49 4 THE BLOOD SUPPLY OF THE CANINE EAR: NEW FINDINGS OF VASCULAR BRANCHING PATTERNS .................................................................................................... 50 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 50 Materials and Methods ............................................................................................................ 55 Dissection Studies ............................................................................................................. 55 Corrosion Casting Studies ................................................................................................. 59 Imaging Studies
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