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Central Nervous System Activities of Clerodendrum Multiflorum Stems Sneha J

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Central Nervous System Activities of Clerodendrum Multiflorum Stems Sneha J Sneha J. A et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),457-460 Research Article Available online through ISSN: 0974-6943 http://jprsolutions.info Central Nervous System activities of Clerodendrum multiflorum stems Sneha J. A. a*, Sanjay Chaudharib, M. Ganga Raju a aDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Affilated to Osmania University, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India bAmrutvahini College of pharmacy, Sangamner, Tal- Sangamner, Dist- Ahmednagar, Maharashtra, India. Received on:20-09-2011; Revised on: 15-10-2011; Accepted on:10-12-2011 ABSTRACT Worldwide plant research for search of new therapeutic product in the treatment of neurological disorder has been progressed constantly, signifying the pharmacological effectiveness of different plant species in a variety of animal models. Therefore, the present study was carried out to evaluate the psychological study for methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Clerodendrum multiflorum stems. The air-dried, pulverised stems were extracted with methanol and ethyl acetate by cold maceration. The crude dried methanol and ethyl acetate extracts were tested orally in swiss albino mice at doses of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg b.w. for psychopharmacological studies. Methanol and ethyl acetate extract of Clerodendrum multiflorum stems have showed significant (p<0.01) central and peripheral nociceptive activity, significant (p<0.01) decrease in motor activity and fall off time of animals on rotating rod, along with significant (p<0.01) sedative effect by potentiating phenobarbitone-induced sleeping time. In the acute toxicity study, both extracts was found to be safe upto 3000 mg/kg b.w. These results suggested that methanolic and ethyl acetate extracts of Clerodendrum multiflorum possess analgesic, anxiolytic and sedative effects. Key words: Clerodendrum multiflorum, hot plate test, writhing test, locomotor activity, muscle relaxant activity INTRODUCTION The Central nervous system (CNS) comprises of brain and spinal cord, in parts, Baluchistan and Ceylon (Wealth of India, 2002) and plant is already which the process information mediates with the help of chemical messenger investigated for anti-diabetic activity (leaves) (Dhanabal SP et al., 2008), viz. neurotransmitter, neuromodulators, neuroregulators, neuromediators immunomodulatory activity (Gokani RH et al., 2007), antiamnesic activity and neurotropic (are the various factor which act via precise mechanism to (bark) (Joshi A. et al., 2008) and anti-arthritic activity (Kilimozhi D. et al., mediate neurotransmission) and neurotransmitter viz., nor adrenaline, 2009), hepatoprotective activity (Verma A and Bahar A. 2008), anti-Fungal adrenaline, dopamine, Gamma Amino Butyric Acid (GABA), glutamate, activity (Rajasekaran A. and Ponnusamy K. 2006), psychopharmacological acetylcholine, 5 hydroxyl tryptamine (5 HT) etc. and neuromodulator viz. activity (Murugesan T. et al., 1999), anti-diarrhoeal activity (Rani S. et al., prostaglandins (PGs), purines and neuropeptides interact with their 1999). Dried roots and flowers of Clerodendrum multiflorum yielded respective receptor and control the various functions of central nervous rhamnopyrosyl(1-2)-2-D-glucopyranosyl-7-O-naringin-4-O-á and D- functions (Seth S. D., 2005). According to the world health organisation glucopyranoside-5-methyl ether 2,4-trihydroxy,6-methoxy chalcone-4, 4- report (WHO 2001) about 450 million people experience from a mental or á-D diglucoside, pectolinarigenin, hispidulin, apigenin (Seth K. K. et al., behavioral disorder, yet only a small minority of them receive even the most 1982). From leaves steroid (24 s) ethylcholesta – 5, 22, 35- trine- 3 â – ol basic treatment, so global burden of disease will rise to 15% by 2020 (Ruiz and flavonoids as scutellarein and pectolinarigenin (4’, 6- dimethyl M. H. et al., 2006). Hence primitive human was among the first to be scutellarein) were isolated. Ceryl alcohol, clerodendrin, clerosterol and discovered the drug acting in the central nervous system. As drugs acting on clerodendrin were isolated from roots (Roy R, Pandey VB., 1995, Anam CNS produces specific physiological and psychological effects they are not EM., 1997, Anam EM., 1999). useful therapeutically, and from the indigenous system of medicine too many plants have been reported to have activity against CNS disorders and From the published literature, Verbenaceae family and Clerodendrum genus hence act as very useful remedies for the alleviation of human distress (Suba is known to have CNS depressant activity, thus in the present investigation V. et al., 2002). So worldwide plant research for search of new therapeutic Clerodendrum multiflorum stems was evaluated for analgesic, anxiolytic product in the treatment of neurological disorder has been progressed and sedative activities and to determine the scientific basis for its use in constantly, signifying the pharmacological effectiveness of different plant traditional medicine in the management of central nervous system disorders. species in a variety of animal models (Ruiz M. H. et al., 2006). Many standard animal models are there for testing the preliminary CNS related MATERIAL AND METHOD: pharmacological activities, which afford information about action of constituents present in the plants upon psychomotor performance, motor Plant material: behaviour and neuro-toxicity. The depression activity gives an indication of Stems of Clerodendrum multiflorum were collected in June 2009 from the excitability of the CNS and this decrease may be related to sedation Ahmednagar district, Maharashtra (India). The plant specimen was was resulting from depression of CNS (Franco CIF et al., 2005). So Clerodendrum authenticated from Botanical Survey of India, Pune (Voucher specimen no. multiflorum were screened for CNS related activity by various animal models. CKS1). Clerodendrum multiflorum Linn is a large bush or small tree belonging to the family-verbenaceae. It is widely distributed throughout India in the drier Extract preparation: Stems of Clerodendrum multiflorum were dried under shade and coarsely powdered with pulveriser for extraction. Coarsely powdered Clerodendrum *Corresponding author. multiflorum stems (500g) were separately subjected cold maceration using Mrs. Sneha (Assist. Prof.) ethyl acetate and methanol for 10 days. The methanol and ethyl acetate Department of Pharmacognosy, extracts were concentrated by rotary vacuum evaporator under reduced Gokaraju Rangaraju College of Pharmacy, Bachupally, Hyderabad, India pressure and then dried in open air and used for preliminary phytochemical Pin code- 500 090 investigation (Khandelwal K.R., 2005). Tel.: 09000796196. E-mail:[email protected] Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.5 Issue 1.January 2012 457-460 Sneha J. A et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2012,5(1),457-460 Animals: Locomotor activity: Healthy wistar albino mice (30-40 g) were purchased from Gentox bio For the locomotor test healthy adult albino mice (30-40 g) were firstly services Pvt. Ltd. Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh and controlled with standard divided into eight groups containing six animals each. Group-I serves as environmental conditions, water and feed, used for present study. They control and receives normal saline, Group-II serves as standard and receives were housed in polypropylene cages maintained under standard condition diazepam (4 mg/kg i.p.), Group-III to Group-VIII receives methanol and (12 h light/dark cycle; 30+4 °C, 36-60 humidity). All the animals were ethyl acetate extracts of Clerodendrum multiflorum at concentrations of carefully monitored, feed with standard pellet diet and water ad libitum. 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, b.w. by p.o. respectively. Each animal and maintained in accordance with CPCSEA guidelines on control and was separately positioned in photoactometer, which shows CNS depressant supervision of experimental animals. The ethical clearance before the or stimulant profile of plant extract. For 10 min, locomotor activity was experiment was taken from the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee counted following 30 min of extracts or the standard drug administration (Dewan S. et al., 2000, Amos S. et al., 2001). Analgesic activity: Motor coordination (Muscle relaxant activity) Hot plate test: Muscle relaxant activity was evaluated for Clerodendrum multiflorum. For Central analgesic activity for Clerodendrum multiflorum extracts were the evaluation of the muscle relaxant activity, albino mice (30-40 g) were analyzed with hot plate method as per described by Woolfe and MacDonald divided into eight groups containing six animals each. Group-I serve as (1944). Albino male mice (30-40 g) were grouped into eight groups of six control and receives normal saline, Group-II serves as standard and receives animals each. Group-I served as control and received only vehicle, Group- diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), Group-III to Group-VIII receives methanol and II was administered standard drug pentazocine (50 mg/kg, i.p.). Group-III ethyl acetate extracts of Clerodendrum multiflorum at concentrations of to Group-VIII were treated with ethyl acetate and methanol extract of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, b.w. by p.o. respectively. Rota-rod Clerodendrum multiflorum at concentrations of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and device was used for the assessment of the experiment. The mice were 400 mg/kg, b.w. by p.o. respectively. Mice were placed individually on the positioned on a horizontal rotating rod set at a rate of 16 revolutions per hot plate maintained
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