Foucault's Pendulum, a Classical Analog for the Electron Spin State
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LNCS 7215, Pp
ACoreCalculusforProvenance Umut A. Acar1,AmalAhmed2,JamesCheney3,andRolyPerera1 1 Max Planck Institute for Software Systems umut,rolyp @mpi-sws.org { 2 Indiana} University [email protected] 3 University of Edinburgh [email protected] Abstract. Provenance is an increasing concern due to the revolution in sharing and processing scientific data on the Web and in other computer systems. It is proposed that many computer systems will need to become provenance-aware in order to provide satisfactory accountability, reproducibility,andtrustforscien- tific or other high-value data. To date, there is not a consensus concerning ap- propriate formal models or security properties for provenance. In previous work, we introduced a formal framework for provenance security and proposed formal definitions of properties called disclosure and obfuscation. This paper develops a core calculus for provenance in programming languages. Whereas previous models of provenance have focused on special-purpose languages such as workflows and database queries, we consider a higher-order, functional language with sums, products, and recursive types and functions. We explore the ramifications of using traces based on operational derivations for the purpose of comparing other forms of provenance. We design a rich class of prove- nance views over traces. Finally, we prove relationships among provenance views and develop some solutions to the disclosure and obfuscation problems. 1Introduction Provenance, or meta-information about the origin, history, or derivation of an object, is now recognized as a central challenge in establishing trust and providing security in computer systems, particularly on the Web. Essentially, provenance management in- volves instrumenting a system with detailed monitoring or logging of auditable records that help explain how results depend on inputs or other (sometimes untrustworthy) sources. -
Sabermetrics: the Past, the Present, and the Future
Sabermetrics: The Past, the Present, and the Future Jim Albert February 12, 2010 Abstract This article provides an overview of sabermetrics, the science of learn- ing about baseball through objective evidence. Statistics and baseball have always had a strong kinship, as many famous players are known by their famous statistical accomplishments such as Joe Dimaggio’s 56-game hitting streak and Ted Williams’ .406 batting average in the 1941 baseball season. We give an overview of how one measures performance in batting, pitching, and fielding. In baseball, the traditional measures are batting av- erage, slugging percentage, and on-base percentage, but modern measures such as OPS (on-base percentage plus slugging percentage) are better in predicting the number of runs a team will score in a game. Pitching is a harder aspect of performance to measure, since traditional measures such as winning percentage and earned run average are confounded by the abilities of the pitcher teammates. Modern measures of pitching such as DIPS (defense independent pitching statistics) are helpful in isolating the contributions of a pitcher that do not involve his teammates. It is also challenging to measure the quality of a player’s fielding ability, since the standard measure of fielding, the fielding percentage, is not helpful in understanding the range of a player in moving towards a batted ball. New measures of fielding have been developed that are useful in measuring a player’s fielding range. Major League Baseball is measuring the game in new ways, and sabermetrics is using this new data to find better mea- sures of player performance. -
Girls' Elite 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 S E a S O N by the Numbers
GIRLS' ELITE 2 0 2 0 - 2 1 S E A S O N BY THE NUMBERS COMPARING NORMAL SEASON TO 2020-21 NORMAL 2020-21 SEASON SEASON SEASON LENGTH SEASON LENGTH 6.5 Months; Dec - Jun 6.5 Months, Split Season The 2020-21 Season will be split into two segments running from mid-September through mid-February, taking a break for the IHSA season, and then returning May through mid- June. The season length is virtually the exact same amount of time as previous years. TRAINING PROGRAM TRAINING PROGRAM 25 Weeks; 157 Hours 25 Weeks; 156 Hours The training hours for the 2020-21 season are nearly exact to last season's plan. The training hours do not include 16 additional in-house scrimmage hours on the weekends Sep-Dec. Courtney DeBolt-Slinko returns as our Technical Director. 4 new courts this season. STRENGTH PROGRAM STRENGTH PROGRAM 3 Days/Week; 72 Hours 3 Days/Week; 76 Hours Similar to the Training Time, the 2020-21 schedule will actually allow for a 4 additional hours at Oak Strength in our Sparta Science Strength & Conditioning program. These hours are in addition to the volleyball-specific Training Time. Oak Strength is expanding by 8,800 sq. ft. RECRUITING SUPPORT RECRUITING SUPPORT Full Season Enhanced Full Season In response to the recruiting challenges created by the pandemic, we are ADDING livestreaming/recording of scrimmages and scheduled in-person visits from Lauren, Mikaela or Peter. This is in addition to our normal support services throughout the season. TOURNAMENT DATES TOURNAMENT DATES 24-28 Dates; 10-12 Events TBD Dates; TBD Events We are preparing for 15 Dates/6 Events Dec-Feb. -
Basic Combinatorics
Basic Combinatorics Carl G. Wagner Department of Mathematics The University of Tennessee Knoxville, TN 37996-1300 Contents List of Figures iv List of Tables v 1 The Fibonacci Numbers From a Combinatorial Perspective 1 1.1 A Simple Counting Problem . 1 1.2 A Closed Form Expression for f(n) . 2 1.3 The Method of Generating Functions . 3 1.4 Approximation of f(n) . 4 2 Functions, Sequences, Words, and Distributions 5 2.1 Multisets and sets . 5 2.2 Functions . 6 2.3 Sequences and words . 7 2.4 Distributions . 7 2.5 The cardinality of a set . 8 2.6 The addition and multiplication rules . 9 2.7 Useful counting strategies . 11 2.8 The pigeonhole principle . 13 2.9 Functions with empty domain and/or codomain . 14 3 Subsets with Prescribed Cardinality 17 3.1 The power set of a set . 17 3.2 Binomial coefficients . 17 4 Sequences of Two Sorts of Things with Prescribed Frequency 23 4.1 A special sequence counting problem . 23 4.2 The binomial theorem . 24 4.3 Counting lattice paths in the plane . 26 5 Sequences of Integers with Prescribed Sum 28 5.1 Urn problems with indistinguishable balls . 28 5.2 The family of all compositions of n . 30 5.3 Upper bounds on the terms of sequences with prescribed sum . 31 i CONTENTS 6 Sequences of k Sorts of Things with Prescribed Frequency 33 6.1 Trinomial Coefficients . 33 6.2 The trinomial theorem . 35 6.3 Multinomial coefficients and the multinomial theorem . 37 7 Combinatorics and Probability 39 7.1 The Multinomial Distribution . -
From the Foucault Pendulum to the Galactical Gyroscope And
From the Foucault pendulum to the galactical gyroscope and LHC Miroslav Pardy Department of Physical Electronics and Laboratory of Plasma physics Masaryk University Kotl´aˇrsk´a2, 611 37 Brno, Czech Republic e-mail:[email protected] October 9, 2018 Abstract The Lagrange theory of particle motion in the noninertial systems is applied to the Foucault pendulum, isosceles triangle pendulum and the general triangle pendulum swinging on the rotating Earth. As an analogue, planet orbiting in the rotating galaxy is considered as the the giant galactical gyroscope. The Lorentz equation and the Bargmann-Michel- Telegdi equations are generalized for the rotation system. The knowledge of these equations is inevitable for the construction of LHC where each orbital proton “feels” the Coriolis force caused by the rotation of the Earth. Key words. Foucault pendulum, triangle pendulum, gyroscope, rotating galaxy, Lorentz equation, Bargmann-Michel-Telegdi equation. arXiv:astro-ph/0601365v1 17 Jan 2006 1 Introduction In order to reveal the specific characteristics of the mechanical systems in the rotating framework, it is necessary to derive the differential equations describing the mechanical systems in the noninertial systems. We follow the text of Landau et al. (Landau et al. 1965). Let be the Lagrange function of a point particle in the inertial system as follows: 2 mv0 L0 = U (1) 2 − with the following equation of motion dv0 ∂U m = , (2) dt − ∂r 1 where the quantities with index 0 corresponds to the inertial system. The Lagrange equations in the noninertial system is of the same form as that in the inertial one, or, d ∂L ∂L = . -
Fracking by the Numbers
Fracking by the Numbers The Damage to Our Water, Land and Climate from a Decade of Dirty Drilling Fracking by the Numbers The Damage to Our Water, Land and Climate from a Decade of Dirty Drilling Written by: Elizabeth Ridlington and Kim Norman Frontier Group Rachel Richardson Environment America Research & Policy Center April 2016 Acknowledgments Environment America Research & Policy Center sincerely thanks Amy Mall, Senior Policy Analyst, Land & Wildlife Program, Natural Resources Defense Council; Courtney Bernhardt, Senior Research Analyst, Environmental Integrity Project; and Professor Anthony Ingraffea of Cornell University for their review of drafts of this document, as well as their insights and suggestions. Frontier Group interns Dana Bradley and Danielle Elefritz provided valuable research assistance. Our appreciation goes to Jeff Inglis for data assistance. Thanks also to Tony Dutzik and Gideon Weissman of Frontier Group for editorial help. We also are grateful to the many state agency staff who answered our numerous questions and requests for data. Many of them are listed by name in the methodology. The authors bear responsibility for any factual errors. The recommendations are those of Environment America Research & Policy Center. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of our funders or those who provided review. 2016 Environment America Research & Policy Center. Some Rights Reserved. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives 3.0 Unported License. To view the terms of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0. Environment America Research & Policy Center is a 501(c)(3) organization. -
Trustworthy Whole-System Provenance for the Linux Kernel
Trustworthy Whole-System Provenance for the Linux Kernel Adam Bates, Dave (Jing) Tian, Thomas Moyer Kevin R.B. Butler University of Florida MIT Lincoln Laboratory {adammbates,daveti,butler}@ufl.edu [email protected] Abstract is presently of enormous interest in a variety of dis- In a provenance-aware system, mechanisms gather parate communities including scientific data processing, and report metadata that describes the history of each ob- databases, software development, and storage [43, 53]. ject being processed on the system, allowing users to un- Provenance has also been demonstrated to be of great derstand how data objects came to exist in their present value to security by identifying malicious activity in data state. However, while past work has demonstrated the centers [5, 27, 56, 65, 66], improving Mandatory Access usefulness of provenance, less attention has been given Control (MAC) labels [45, 46, 47], and assuring regula- to securing provenance-aware systems. Provenance it- tory compliance [3]. self is a ripe attack vector, and its authenticity and in- Unfortunately, most provenance collection mecha- tegrity must be guaranteed before it can be put to use. nisms in the literature exist as fully-trusted user space We present Linux Provenance Modules (LPM), applications [28, 27, 41, 56]. Even kernel-based prove- the first general framework for the development of nance mechanisms [43, 48] and sketches for trusted provenance-aware systems. We demonstrate that LPM provenance architectures [40, 42] fall short of providing creates a trusted provenance-aware execution environ- a provenance-aware system for malicious environments. ment, collecting complete whole-system provenance The problem of whether or not to trust provenance is fur- while imposing as little as 2.7% performance overhead ther exacerbated in distributed environments, or in lay- on normal system operation. -
The Wavelet Tutorial Second Edition Part I by Robi Polikar
THE WAVELET TUTORIAL SECOND EDITION PART I BY ROBI POLIKAR FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS & AN OVERVIEW OF THE WAVELET THEORY Welcome to this introductory tutorial on wavelet transforms. The wavelet transform is a relatively new concept (about 10 years old), but yet there are quite a few articles and books written on them. However, most of these books and articles are written by math people, for the other math people; still most of the math people don't know what the other math people are 1 talking about (a math professor of mine made this confession). In other words, majority of the literature available on wavelet transforms are of little help, if any, to those who are new to this subject (this is my personal opinion). When I first started working on wavelet transforms I have struggled for many hours and days to figure out what was going on in this mysterious world of wavelet transforms, due to the lack of introductory level text(s) in this subject. Therefore, I have decided to write this tutorial for the ones who are new to the topic. I consider myself quite new to the subject too, and I have to confess that I have not figured out all the theoretical details yet. However, as far as the engineering applications are concerned, I think all the theoretical details are not necessarily necessary (!). In this tutorial I will try to give basic principles underlying the wavelet theory. The proofs of the theorems and related equations will not be given in this tutorial due to the simple assumption that the intended readers of this tutorial do not need them at this time. -
INVESTIGATING PENDULUMS University of California, Berkeley Adapted from FOSS “Swingers” Activity
ESCAPE: Exploring Science Collaboration at Pinole-family Elementaries 2/2/201 INVESTIGATING PENDULUMS University of California, Berkeley Adapted from FOSS “Swingers” activity OVERVIEW: This lesson introduces students to variables and controlled experimentation as they study how different features of a pendulum affect how it swings. Students will build and observe a simple pendulum, identify variables that might affect how fast it moves, and conduct controlled experiments to study the effect of specific variables (bob mass, release position and string length) on the number of swings the pendulum makes in 15 seconds. By manipulating one variable and keeping others constant they gain experience with the concept of a variable and in using experiments to understand the relationships between variables. The pendulum is a simple system and is good for introducing experiments as there are several easily manipulated variables and consistent outcomes. The pendulum also introduces the physical principles of gravity and inertia. PURPOSE: In this lesson students will: Use systematic thinking and reasoning to discover how pendulums work. Identify variables. Conduct an experiment Make graphs Use graphs to explore the relationships between two variables and interpret results. Introduce the physical principals of gravity, inertia, energy. BACKGROUND: About Pendulums A pendulum is any object that hangs from a fixed point (also called a pivot) on a string and, when pushed from its resting position, swings freely back and forth. The downward swing of the object is caused by the pull of gravity. The upward swing of the object is due to inertia (the tendency of an object, once in motion, to stay in motion, Newton’s First Law). -
Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold
Performance Practice Review Volume 17 | Number 1 Article 4 Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr Part of the Music Practice Commons Jerold, Beverly (2012) "Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800," Performance Practice Review: Vol. 17: No. 1, Article 4. DOI: 10.5642/ perfpr.201217.01.04 Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/ppr/vol17/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at Claremont at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in Performance Practice Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Numbers and Tempo: 1630-1800 Beverly Jerold Copyright © 2012 Claremont Graduate University Ever since antiquity, the human species has been drawn to numbers. In music, for example, numbers seem to be tangible when compared to the language in early musical texts, which may have a different meaning for us than it did for them. But numbers, too, may be misleading. For measuring time, we have electronic metronomes and scientific instruments of great precision, but in the time frame 1630-1800 a few scientists had pendulums, while the wealthy owned watches and clocks of varying accuracy. Their standards were not our standards, for they lacked the advantages of our technology. How could they have achieved the extremely rapid tempos that many today have attributed to them? Before discussing the numbers in sources thought to support these tempos, let us consider three factors related to technology: 1) The incalculable value of the unconscious training in every aspect of music that we gain from recordings. -
FAA Aviation News for an Article on Developing Your Indi- Vidual Personal Minimums.)
More than Math Understanding Performance Limits DAVE SwaRTZ hate it when you complete the takeoff run hang- ing upside down from the seat belts. A few years ago, that happened to me, and I really should Ihave known better. You see, I’m an aeronautical engi- neer and I occasionally do performance calculations for a living, so I have no excuse. That fateful day the conditions looked marginal, so I looked at “the book.” It said I could make it. One of my mistakes was taking the book numbers too seriously. They didn’t take into account the tailwind I didn’t know I had. Since that day, I have been thinking and learn- ing a lot about what went wrong. I hope you find my mistakes useful in avoiding some of your own. According to the 2006 Nall Report, published by the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association’s Air Safety Foundation (AOPA/ASF), about one out of six takeoff accidents is fatal. It’s sobering to realize that you have the same odds in Russian roulette. I am one of the lucky ones. Where Do Performance Numbers Come From? Honestly, it’s really a mixed bag. In the case of many older airplanes, the Pilot’s Operating Handbook (POH) contains limited information at best. Yet, you can still be confident that most airplanes have been tested by steely-eyed test pilots to determine what the airplane can, and will, do under specific conditions. Then, engineers try to replicate what they think an average pilot will do. Engineers start with the takeoff distances that the test pilots achieve and correct them for things like density altitude and runway conditions. -
From the Geometry of Foucault Pendulum to the Topology of Planetary Waves
From the geometry of Foucault pendulum to the topology of planetary waves Pierre Delplace and Antoine Venaille Univ Lyon, Ens de Lyon, Univ Claude Bernard, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France Abstract The physics of topological insulators makes it possible to understand and predict the existence of unidirectional waves trapped along an edge or an interface. In this review, we describe how these ideas can be adapted to geophysical and astrophysical waves. We deal in particular with the case of planetary equatorial waves, which highlights the key interplay between rotation and sphericity of the planet, to explain the emergence of waves which propagate their energy only towards the East. These minimal in- gredients are precisely those put forward in the geometric interpretation of the Foucault pendulum. We discuss this classic example of mechanics to introduce the concepts of holonomy and vector bundle which we then use to calculate the topological properties of equatorial shallow water waves. Résumé La physique des isolants topologiques permet de comprendre et prédire l’existence d’ondes unidirectionnelles piégées le long d’un bord ou d’une interface. Nous décrivons dans cette revue comment ces idées peuvent être adaptées aux ondes géophysiques et astrophysiques. Nous traitons en parti- culier le cas des ondes équatoriales planétaires, qui met en lumière les rôles clés combinés de la rotation et de la sphéricité de la planète pour expliquer l’émergence d’ondes qui ne propagent leur énergie que vers l’est. Ces ingré- dients minimaux sont précisément ceux mis en avant dans l’interprétation géométrique du pendule de Foucault.