Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008
Chapter AA of The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal
Professional Paper 1824
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey COVER Eocene strata along the north side of Van Keulenfjorden, Svalbard, include basin-floor fan, marine slope, and deltaic to fluvial depositional facies. The age and facies of these strata are similar to Tertiary strata beneath the continental shelves of Arctic Eurasia, thus providing an analog for evaluating elements of those petroleum systems. Relief from sea level to top of upper bluff is approximately 1,500 feet. Photograph by David Houseknecht. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008
By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
Chapter AA of The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal Edited by T.E. Moore and D.L. Gautier
Professional Paper 1824
U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior RYAN K. ZINKE, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey James F. Reilly II, Director
U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia: 2018
For more information on the USGS—the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment—visit https://www.usgs.gov or call 1–888–ASK–USGS. For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov.
Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.
Suggested citation: Bird, K.J., Houseknecht, D.W., and Pitman, J.K., 2018, Geology and assessment of undiscovered oil and gas resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008, chap. AA of Moore, T.E., and Gautier, D.L., eds., The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824AA.
ISSN 2330-7102 (online) iii
The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal
Chapters
A. Introduction to the 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal (CARA) Professional Paper By Donald L. Gautier and Thomas E. Moore
B. Methodology for Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources for the 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal By Ronald R. Charpentier
North America
C. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Chukchi Borderland Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird and David W. Houseknecht
D. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Hope Basin Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
E. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Arctic Alaska Petroleum Province, 2008 By David W. Houseknecht, Kenneth J. Bird, and Christopher P. Garrity
F. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Yukon Flats Basin Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird and Richard G. Stanley
G. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Northwest Canada Interior Basins Province, Arctic Canada, 2008 By Marilyn E. Tennyson and Janet K. Pitman
H. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Franklinian Shelf Province, Arctic Canada and North Greenland, 2008 By Marilyn E. Tennyson and Janet K. Pitman
I. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Sverdrup Basin Province, Arctic Canada, 2008 By Marilyn E. Tennyson and Janet K. Pitman
Greenland
J. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the West Greenland- East Canada Province, 2008 By Christopher J. Schenk iv
K. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the East Greenland Rift Basins Province, 2008 By Donald L. Gautier
North Atlantic Ocean
L. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Jan Mayen Microcontinent Province, 2008 By Thomas E. Moore and Janet K. Pitman
Eurasia
M. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Mezen’ Basin Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
N. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Timan-Pechora Basin Province, Russia, 2008 By Christopher J. Schenk
O. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the East Barents Basins Province and the Novaya Zemlya Basins and Admiralty Arch Province By Timothy R. Klett
P. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the North Kara Basins and Platforms Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
Q. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Northern West Siberian Mesozoic Composite Total Petroleum System of the West Siberian Basin Province, Russia, 2008 By Christopher J. Schenk
R. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Yenisey-Khatanga Basin Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
S. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Northwest Laptev Sea Shelf Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
T. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Lena-Anabar Basin Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman v
U. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Tunguska Basin Province, 2008 By Craig J. Wandrey and Timothy R. Klett
V. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Lena-Vilyui Basin Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
W. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Laptev Sea Shelf Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
X. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Zyryanka Basin Province, 2008 By Timothy R. Klett and Janet K. Pitman
Y. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the East Siberian Sea Basin Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
Z. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Vilkitskii Basin Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
AA. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008 By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
Arctic Ocean
BB. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Amerasia Basin Petroleum Province, 2008 By David W. Houseknecht, Kenneth J. Bird, and Christopher P. Garrity
CC. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Lomonosov- Makarov Province, Central Arctic Ocean, 2008 By Thomas E. Moore, Kenneth J. Bird, and Janet K. Pitman
DD. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Eurasia Basin Province, Eastern Arctic Ocean, 2008 By Thomas E. Moore and Janet K. Pitman vi
Contents
Abstract...... 1 Introduction...... 1 Geologic Setting and Stratigraphy...... 2 Petroleum Systems...... 4 Long Strait Assessment Unit...... 5 Results...... 5 Acknowledgments...... 5 References Cited...... 5 Appendix...... 7
Appendix
[Available for download at https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824AA] 1. Input data for the Long Strait Basin Assessment Unit
Figures
1. Map showing the Long Strait Basin in relation to other sedimentary basins of the East Siberian and Chukchi Seas...... 1 2. Map of the Hope and Long Strait Basins, Russian Arctic...... 2 3. Structural cross section and maps of the Long Strait Basin and Wrangel Island...... 3 4. Burial-history diagrams from a pseudowell located in deepest part of the Hope Basin that may also, in the absence of any other data, apply to the Long Strait Basin...... 4 The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal Edited by T.E. Moore and D.L. Gautier U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1824
Chapter AA Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008
By Kenneth J. Bird, David W. Houseknecht, and Janet K. Pitman
Abstract Because this probability falls below the 10 percent probability cutoff used in the U.S. Geological Survey’s Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal, no quantitative assessment of sizes and The Long Strait Basin is both a stand alone petroleum numbers of petroleum accumulations was conducted for this province and an assessment unit (AU) that lies offshore in the AU. East Siberian Sea north of Chukotka and south of Wrangel Island. This basin is known only on the basis of gravity data and a single proprietary seismic line. In the absence of more specific data, its position and regional setting suggest that it Introduction may have petroleum geologic characteristics similar to the nearby Hope Basin. The Long Strait Basin is one of six basins situated on Because the geology and petroleum potential of the or adjacent to the continental shelf of the East Siberian and Long Strait Basin are so poorly known, only a single AU was western Chukchi Seas (fig. 1). The basin is oval shaped, 100 defined for this study area. An overall probability of ~0.08 by 300 km, somewhat more than 4 km deep, and covers an (8 percent) of at least one petroleum accumulation larger than area of ~21,000 km2 south of Wrangel Island and just west of 50 million barrels of oil equivalent was determined on the the Hope Basin (fig. 2). For the purposes of this assessment, basis of estimated probabilities of the occurrence of petroleum the Long Strait Basin is designated as both a separate province source, adequate reservoir, trap and seal, and favorable timing. and an assessment unit (AU).
140 E 1 0 E 1 0 E 170 E 180 170 W 1 0 W 1 0 W
7 New Siberian Islands e Long Islands
EAST SIBERIAN VILKITSKII SEA BASIN SOUT BASIN NORTH CHUKCHI BASIN Figure 1. Map showing H the Long Strait Basin
70 in relation to other WRANGEL FORELAND HER BASIN sedimentary basins of the LOWER ALD ARCH - L CHUKCHI SEA KOLYMA EAST SIBERIAN SEA IS East Siberian and Chukchi Wrangel B U BASIN Island R ALAS A NE Seas that lie within and HIL E LONG STRAIT BASIN LS NG ANYU T A PROVINCE H R T adjacent to the Brooks CHAUN BASIN R KS N MAP L CAT U O RO I ST O F igure 3 FR R T Range-Chukotka orogen, O B S N U T R H T defined by area between HOPE BASIN the Brooks Range-Herald RUSSIA Arch-Lisburne Hills thrust SUTUR ARCTIC CIRCLE ARCTIC CIRCLE front and the South Anyui E igure 2 Suture. Base map from Esri, 2007, used herein under license. 0 100 200 M LES 0 100 200 K L METERS
FIGURE 1 2 The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal
Geologic Setting and Stratigraphy Basins (Molenaar, 1985; Grantz and others, 1990; Lothamer, 1994). Some interpretations of Cretaceous deposits in the Hope and Long Strait Basins are at odds with this idea (for example, The Long Strait Basin is a successor or intermontane Shipilov, 1989; Warren and others, 1995); thus, the origin of basin that formed on the Brooks Range–Chukotka orogenic the Long Strait Basin is uncertain. The suggested basin-forming belt of the Arctic Alaska-Chukotka microplate. The orogenic mechanisms of the nearby Hope Basin (strike-slip faulting, belt is northward vergent, extending from the South Anyui orogenic collapse, or escape tectonics) may also apply to the Suture on the south to the Brooks Range-Herald Arch-Lisburne Long Strait Basin (Tolson, 1987; Worrall, 1991; Klemperer and Hills thrust front on the north (fig. 1). The South Anyui Suture others, 2002; Elswick and Toro, 2003; Scholl and Stevenson, formed during the latest Jurassic and Early Cretaceous (Neo- 1989). comian) (Sokolov and others, 2002), whereas the north thrust The position, shape, and thickness (>4 km) of sedimentary boundary may be as old as Aptian and as young as early Paleo- fill in the Long Strait Basin are based primarily on gravity data gene (~60 Ma) (Moore and others, 2002). The orogenic belt, (fig. 3B) (Mazarovich and Sokolov, 2003) and supported by a particularly the area of the Hope Basin and, possibly, the Long single proprietary seismic line (Kos’ko and Kim, 2006). If the Strait Basin and beyond, is postulated to have been a Creta- basin history is similar to that of the Hope Basin, the strati- ceous highland that contributed the enormous volume of clastic graphic section may consist of a lower sequence of Paleogene debris that fills the North Slope foreland and the North Chukchi volcaniclastic nonmarine sandstone and conglomerate with tuffs
180 170 W 1 0 W
70 Wrangel R A L Island D C U C A
A
R LONG STRAIT BASIN C F A U L T O igure 3 LISBURNE PENINSULA BROOKS RANGE C H U K O T K AP E N NI S U LA HOPE BASIN OBU FAULT Pseudowell B A R C ot eb e o nd O T B U A
SEWARD PENINSULA ering ea B
Base map from Esri, 2007, used herein under license. 0 100 200 M LES 0 100 200 K L METERS
Figure 2. Map of the Hope and Long Strait Basins (adapted from Grantz and others, 2009). Blue contours show depth to acoustic basement (in kilometers). Points A and B are exploratory wells in easternmost part of the Hope Basin (Cape Espenberg and Nimiuk Point, respectively). Green line with diamonds marks trend of Kotzebue Arch. Dotted red line shows possible extension of Kobuk Fault. Red lines, solid or dashed, are faults; tick marks indicate downthrown side of normal fault; sawteeth indicate upper plate of thrust fault. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008 3
A Long Strait Basin Wrangel Island
coastline S UTH RTH 0 0
5 5
Acoustic basement (Proterozoic to Cretaceous ) Triassic Carboniferous Proterozoic
Depth, in kilometers 10 Permian Silurian-Devonian 10 170 K L METERS ERT CAL E AGGERAT 2
B 17 E 180 17 W C 180 178 W
Wrangel Island Wrangel LONG STRAIT BASIN Island
71 70
CHUKOTKA HOPE BASIN PENNINSULA 0 100 M LES 0 0 M LES
0 100 K L METERS -100 - 0 0 0 100 GRA T A MAL , M LL GALS 0 0 K L METERS
Figure 3. Structural cross section and maps of the Long Strait Basin and Wrangel Island. A, Basin profile, showing depth to acoustic basement (in kilometers) along heavy red line in B, combined with Wrangel Island section from Kos’ko and others (1993). B, Cross section (red line), outline of the Long Strait Basin and northwest part of Hope Basin (dashed black line), and structure contours on acoustic basement (white dashed lines; from Grantz and others, 2009) in relation to free-air-gravity-anomaly map (modified from Mazarovich and Sokolov, 2003). C, Map of Wrangel Island, showing normal faults (red lines) that postdate thrust faulting and display right-lateral offset (adapted from Kos’ko and others, 1993, fig. 9).
and basalt flows, overlain by Neogene nonmarine and possible On Wrangel Island (fig. C3 ), geologic mapping (Kos’ko marine sandstone, mudstone, and coal (Haimila and others, and others, 1993) shows abundant northwest-trending normal 1990). Projection of a structural cross section through Wrangel faults, most of which demonstrate right-lateral offset that Island (fig. 3A) suggests that Triassic turbidites and mudstones postdates thrust faulting. The northwestward orientation of lie immediately and unconformably beneath at least the eastern these normal faults is similar to that of the Hope Basin faults part of the basin. These Triassic rocks compose the youngest (fig. 2), suggesting similar ages of faulting. The widespread exposed member involved in a northward-vergent fold-and- occurrence of normal faults on Wrangel Island also suggests thrust belt on Wrangel Island that also includes Paleozoic and that similar faults are likely present in the Long Strait Basin Neoproterozoic rocks—an exposure of the Brooks Range–Chu- and that fault-block traps similar to those observed on seismic kotka orogenic belt (Kos’ko and others, 1993). profiles in the Hope Basin may also be present. 4 The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal
Petroleum Systems A basin-fill and heat-flow history similar to that of the Hope Basin suggests an early elevated heat flow related to volcanic No petroleum systems have been identified in the activity, with reduced heat flow after ~25 Ma. Modeling Long Strait Basin. By analogy with the nearby Hope Basin, indicates an onset of petroleum generation below ~1.5 km of petroleum-source rocks are probably limited to the nonmarine burial as early as 40 Ma for source rocks at the base of the Cenozoic basin fill and likely consist of coal and carbonaceous sedimentary fill. With reduced heat flow, modeling indicates mudstone that have created a gas-prone petroleum system. petroleum generation below ~2.5 km of burial (fig. 4).
Age, in millions of years ago 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 CENOZOIC rap formation T Source Overburden Paleogene Neogene Reservoir Seal 0
1,000 Tertiary 3
2,000
3,000 Tertiary 2 PLA ATIO Burial depth, in meters Immature ( 0. % Ro) 4,000 Oil zone (0. - 1.3% Ro) Gas zone (1.3 - 2.0% Ro) Overmature ( 2.0% Ro) 5,000 Tertiary 1
Volcanic activity ,000
Boundary parameters Easy R (%) 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 o Temperature, in degrees Celsius (Sweeney and Burnham, 1990) CENOZOIC Paleogene Neogene 0 50 100 150 200 250 0.10 1.00 10.00 -200 0
0
Meters 1,000 Tertiary 3 Paleowater depth 200 40 2,000
20 Immature Oil Gas Over-mature 3,000 Tertiary 2 0 Sediment-water interface temperature Degrees Celsius -20 Wygrala, 1989 Burial depth, in meters 80 4,000 Heat flow
Tertiary 1 70 5,000 Volcanic square meter Milliwatts per activity 0 ,000
Figure 4. Burial-history diagrams from a pseudowell (fig. 2) located in the Hope Basin that may also, in the absence of any other data, apply to the Long Strait Basin. Sequences and ages used in this analysis are derived from exploratory wells in the southeastern part of the Hope Basin. Petroleum-system components (source, reservoir, seal, overburden, and trap formation) are hypothetical. Ro, vitrinite reflectance, in precent (%). Model produced with IES Petromod software, version 10.
figure 5 Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008 5
Long Strait Assessment Unit Acknowledgments
AU description.—The Long Strait Basin AU encompasses We thank Margaret A. Keller and Thomas D. Lorenson the entire basin, covering an area of ~21,000 km2 (fig. 2). The of the U.S. Geological Survey for their helpful reviews of the basin is defined primarily on the basis of a conspicuous gravity manuscript. low and a single proprietary seismic line. In the absence of more specific data, the Long Strait Basin is estimated to have geologic characteristics similar to those of the nearby Hope Basin, including (1) >4 km of Cenozoic strata unconformably References Cited overlying varyingly deformed Mesozoic and older sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks that are part of the Brooks Elswick, V.L., and Toro, J., 2003, Seismic interpretation and Range-Chukotka orogenic belt; (2) Cenozoic basin fill structural evaluation of the Hope Basin, Alaska [abs.]: consisting of nonmarine sandstone and conglomeratic strata Geological Society of America, Annual Meeting, Abstracts that may be volcanic rich in the older, Paleogene part, with with Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 28. [Also available at https:// sandstone, mudstone, coal and shallow marine deposits in the gsa.confex.com/gsa/2003AM/finalprogram/abstract_66247. younger, Neogene part; (3) pervasive northwest-trending normal htm. Poster available at http://www.geo.wvu.edu/~jtoro/ faults active at various times throughout the Cenozoic era that download/download.htm.] may form fault-block traps; and (4) petroleum-source rocks of coal and carbonaceous mudstone that are dominantly gas prone Grantz, A., May, S.D., and Hart, P.E., 1990, Geology of the and thermally mature at present below ~2.5 km of burial. Arctic continental margin of Alaska, in Grantz, A., Johnson, Geological analysis of AU probability.—Considering L., and Sweeney, J.F., eds., The Arctic Ocean region: Geo- data limitations, the probability that the Long Strait Basin AU logical Society of America, DNAG, The geology of North contains at least one undiscovered accumulation larger than America, v. L, p. 257–288. 50 million barrels of oil equivalent (MMBOE) is considered to Grantz, A., Scott, R., Drachev, S.S., and Moore, T.E., 2009, be ~0.08 (8 percent) (table 1). Tectonostratigraphic accumulations of the Arctic Region, Charge.—A charge probability of 0.2 (20 percent) was 58°–64° to 90° N, that may be prospective for hydro- assigned for charge sufficiency in this AU. Source rocks are carbons: American Association of Petroleum Geologists considered to be coal and carbonaceous mudstone of unknown GIS-UDRIL Open-File Library, 68 p., 4 sheets, scale quality, thickness, and stratigraphic position within the basin. 1:4,000,000. Furthermore, the area in which these rocks are mature is probably limited to that part of the basin where they are buried Haimila, N.E., Kirschner, C.E., Nassichuk, W.W., Ulmi- to depths >2.5 km, similar to the maturity-depth estimate for the chek, G., and Procter, R.M., 1990, Sedimentary basins and nearby Hope Basin. petroleum resource potential of the Arctic Ocean region, in Rocks.—A rock probability of 0.6 (60 percent) was Grantz, A., Johnson, L., and Sweeney, J.F., eds., The Arctic assigned for adequacy of reservoirs, traps and seals in this AU. Ocean Region: Geological Society of America, DNAG, The The best reservoirs are probably in the Neogene and upper part geology of North America, v. L, p. 503–538. of the Paleogene section. Volcanic rocks and debris in the lower Paleogene section, if present, would likely result in greatly Klemperer, S.L., Miller, E.L., Grantz, A., Scholl, D.W., and diminished reservoir quality. Fault-block traps similar to those the Bering-Chukchi Working Group, 2002, Crustal structure in the Hope Basin are considered most likely, but they are of of the Bering and Chukchi shelves—Deep seismic reflec- unknown size and number. Adequate mudstone and fault seals tion profiles across the North American continent between are considered a significant risk. Alaska and Russia, in Miller, E.L., Grantz, A., and Klem- Timing and preservation.—With the basin estimated to perer, S.L., eds., Tectonic evolution of the Bering Shelf- currently be at maximum burial and with a probable history Chukchi Sea—Arctic Margin and adjacent landmasses: of continuous subsidence, a relatively favorable probability Geological Society of America Special Paper 360, p. 1–24. of 0.7 (70 percent) was assigned to adequacy of timing and Kos’ko, M.K., Cecile, M.P., Harrison, J.C., Ganelin, V.G., preservation of fields larger than the minimum size within this Khandoshko, N.V., and Lopatin, B.G., 1993, Geology of AU. Wrangel Island, between Chukchi and East Siberian Seas, northeastern Russia: Geological Survey of Canada Bulletin Results 461, 101 p. Kos’ko, M.K., and Kim, B.I., 2006, Russian east arctic shelf— Because an overall probability of ~0.08 (8 percent) of at structural outline, in Stone, D.B., ed., Origin of northeastern least one petroleum accumulation larger than 50 MMBOE was Russia—Paleomagnetism, geology, and tectonics: Univer- estimated, no quantitative assessment of sizes and numbers of sity of Alaska Geophysical Institute Report UAG-R_330 (1 petroleum accumulations was conducted for this AU. CD-ROM). 6 The 2008 Circum-Arctic Resource Appraisal
Lothamer, R.T., 1994, Early Tertiary wrench faulting in the Sokolov, S.D., Bondarenko, G.Y., Morozov, O.L., Shek- North Chukchi Basin, Chukchi Sea, Alaska, in Thurston, hovtsov, V.A., Glotov, S.P., Ganelin, A.V., and Kravchenko- D.K., and Fujita, K., eds., Proceedings of the first interna- Berezhnoy, I.R., 2002, South Anyui suture, northeast Arctic tional conference on Arctic margins (1992): U.S. Miner- Russian—Facts and problems, in Miller, E.L., Grantz, A., als Management Service OCS Study MMS 94–0040, p. and Klemperer, S.L., eds., Tectonic evolution of the Bering 251–256. Shelf-Chukchi Sea—Arctic Margin and adjacent land- masses: Geological Society of America Special Paper 360, Mazarovich, A.O., and Sokolov, S.Y., 2003, Tectonic subdivi- p. 209–224. sion of the Chukchi and East Siberian Seas: Russian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 5, no. 3, p. 185–202. Sweeney, J.J., and Burnham, A.K., 1990, Evaluation of a simple model of vitrinite reflectance based on chemical Molenaar, C.M., 1985, Subsurface correlations and deposi- kinetics: American Association of Petroleum Geologists tional history of the Nanushuk Group and related strata, Bulletin, v. 74, no. 10, p. 1559–1570. North Slope, Alaska, in Huffman, A.C., Jr., ed., Geology of the Nanushuk Group and related rocks, North Slope, Tolson, R.B., 1987, Structure and stratigraphy of the Hope Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1614, p. 37–59. Basin, southern Chukchi Sea, Alaska, in Scholl, D.W., Grantz, A., and Vedder, J.G., eds., Geology and resource Moore, T.E., Dumitru, T.A., Adams, K.E., Witebsky, S.N., potential of the continental margin of western North and Harris, A.G., 2002, Origin of the Lisburne Hills-Herald America and adjacent ocean basins, Beaufort Sea to Baja Arch-Wrangel Arch structural belt—Stratigraphic, struc- California: Circum-Pacific Council for Energy and Mineral tural, and fission-track evidence from the Cape Lisburne Resources, p. 59–71. area, northwestern Alaska, in Miller, E.L., Grantz, A., and Klemperer, S.L., eds., Tectonic evolution of the Bering Warren, T., Sherwood, K.W., Thurston, D.K., Kruglyak, V.F., Shelf-Chukchi Sea—Arctic Margin and adjacent land- Zerwick, S.A., Shcherban, O.V., and Grevtsev, A.V., 1995, masses: Geological Society of America Special Paper 360, Petroleum exploration opportunities on the U.S.-Russia p. 77–109. Chukchi Sea Continental Shelf in Chung, J.S., Das, B.S., Natvig, B.J., and Olagnon, M., eds., Proceedings of the Scholl, D.W., and Stevenson, A.J., 1989, The Aleutian-Bow- Fifth International Offshore and Polar Engineering Confer- ers-Shirshov arc system, response to deformation of Alaska ence, v. II: Golden, Colo., International Society of Offshore (“orocline”) by subduction-driven impact and escape of and Polar Engineers, p. 493–500. crustal masses— Exploration of an idea [abs.]: Eos (Ameri- can Geophysical Union Transactions), v. 70, no. 43, p. 1307, Worrall, D.M., 1991, Tectonic history of the Bering Sea and abstract no. T12B-3. the evolution of Tertiary strike-slip basins of the Bering Shelf: Geological Society of America Special Paper 257, Shipilov, E.V., 1989, The graben-rift system of the Chukchi 120 p. Sea: International Geology Review, v. 31, p. 1097–1106. Wygrala, B.P., 1989, Integrated study of an oil field in the southern Po Basin, northern Italy: Berichte der Kernforsc- hungsanlage Julich, no. 2313, ISSN 0366-0885, 217 p. Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources in the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008 7
Appendix
Appendix is available online only, and may be accessed at https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824AA
Appendix 1. Assessment input data for the Long Strait Basin Assessment Unit
Menlo Park Publishing Service Center, California Manuscript approved for publication May 15, 2017 Edited by George Havach Layout and design by Kimber Petersen Bird and others—Geology and Assessment of Undiscovered Oil and Gas Resources of the Long Strait Basin Province, 2008—Professional Paper 1824 Chapter AA ISSN 2330-7102 (online) https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1824AA