Understanding Muslim Mobilities and Gender
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$€ social sciences £ ¥ Understanding Muslim Mobilities and Gender Edited by Viola Thimm Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Social Sciences www.mdpi.com/journal/socsci Understanding Muslim Mobilities and Gender Special Issue Editor Viola Thimm MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editor Viola Thimm University of Hamburg Germany Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Social Sciences (ISSN 2076-0760) from 2017–2018 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/socsci/special_issues/muslim_mobilities_gender). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Lastname, Firstname, and Firstname Lastname. Year. Article title. Journal Name Volume number: page range. First Edition 2018 ISBN 978-3-03842-751-3 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-752-0 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editor ..................................................................................................................... v Viola Thimm Muslim Mobilities and Gender: An Introduction Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2018, 7(1), 5; doi: 10.3390/socsci7010005 ......................................................... 1 Section 1: Moving through Different Gendered Spaces Suheir Abu Oksa Daoud Negotiating Space: The Construction of a New Spatial Identity for Palestinian Muslim Women in Israel Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 72; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030072 ....................................................... 13 Krystyna Golkowska Qatari Women Navigating Gendered Space Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(4), 123; doi: 10.3390/socsci6040123 ..................................................... 29 Section 2: Creating and Negotiating a Transnational Muslim Space Mirjam Lücking and Evi Eliyanah Images of Authentic Muslim Selves: Gendered Moralities and Constructions of Arab Others in Contemporary Indonesia Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 103; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030103 ..................................................... 41 Yafa Shanneik Shia Marriage Practices: Karbala as lieux de mémoire in London Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 100; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030100 ..................................................... 61 Lauren B Wagner Mattering Moralities: Learning Corporeal Modesty through Muslim Diasporic Clothing Practices Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 97; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030097 ....................................................... 75 Section 3: From Mobility to Immobility: Intersectional Identifications as Opportunities or Limitations Michelle McLean and Susan B. Higgins-Opitz Male and Female Emirati Medical Clerks’ Perceptions of the Impact of Gender and Mobility on Their Professional Careers Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 109; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030109 ..................................................... 95 Robert R. Bianchi Reimagining the Hajj Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(2), 36; doi: 10.3390/socsci6020036 ....................................................... 113 Camron Michael Amin Gender, Madness, Religion, and Iranian-American Identity: Observations on a 2006 Murder Trial in Williamsport, Pennsylvania Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 85; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030085 ....................................................... 139 iii Section 4: Intersecting Forms of Im/mobility Max Kramer Mobilizing Conflict Testimony: A Lens of Mobility for the Study of Documentary Practices in the Kashmir Conflict Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(3), 88; doi: 10.3390/socsci6030088 ....................................................... 171 Section 5: Moving and Settling: Identity Negotiations in Muslim Migration Contexts Michelle Byng Transnationalism among Second-Generation Muslim Americans: Being and Belonging in Their Transnational Social Field Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(4), 131; doi: 10.3390/socsci6040131 ..................................................... 195 Cristina Giuliani, Maria Giulia Olivari and Sara Alfieri Being a “Good” Son and a “Good” Daughter: Voices of Muslim Immigrant Adolescents Reprinted from: Soc. Sci. 2017, 6(4), 142; doi: 10.3390/socsci6040142 ..................................................... 214 iv About the Special Issue Editor Viola Thimm is Research Fellow at the Department of Languages and Cultures of Southeast Asia, Asia- Africa-Institute, University of Hamburg (Germany). She was awarded her doctoral degree in Cultural Anthropology by the University of Göttingen in 2013 with a dissertation on Gender and Educational Migration in Singapore and Malaysia. Thimm was a guest researcher at Zayed University (United Arab Emirates) (2017–2018), Monash University (Malaysia) (2017), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) (2009) and at the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies (ISEAS) (Singapore) (2008). Her research interests include cultural practices of mobility; gender relations and intersectionality; kinship and family networks; Islam and its socio-cultural entanglements; consumer culture and consumption, and educational research. Her regional focus lies in Southeast Asia (Malaysia and Singapore) and the Arabian Peninsular (United Arab Emirates). Thimm has been granted several fellowships and awards, such as a Research Fellowship by the German Research Foundation (DFG), a Postdoctoral Fellowship by the “Nachwuchsinitiative der Universität Hamburg” and a Doctoral Fellowship granted by the Hans-Böckler-Foundation. v social sciences $€ £ ¥ Editorial Muslim Mobilities and Gender: An Introduction Viola Thimm Asien-Afrika-Institut (Asia-Africa-Institute), Department of Languages and Cultures of Southeast Asia, University of Hamburg, Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1, 20146 Hamburg, Germany; [email protected]; Tel.: +49-40-428-387-537 Received: 21 December 2017; Accepted: 25 December 2017; Published: 28 December 2017 1. Mobilities Mobility represents the common imagination that the current world is in a constant flux, based on, for example, technical development, wide arrays of infrastructure and digital communication (Fábos and Isotalo 2014). The mobile world is constituted through mobile people, objects, narratives, symbols and representations. The common notion is that the world is more mobile than it has ever been before. This understanding approaches mobility with positively attributed meanings, which are based on capitalist and neoliberal discourses: Increasing mobility inheres the ability and freedom to move and the possibility of flexible changes (e.g., Endres et al. 2016a; Uteng and Cresswell 2008). This approach to mobility focuses on transformations of mobile practices, rather than on representations and negotiations linked to mobility and is highly contested (Endres et al. 2016b, p. 2). The myriad current dynamics of flows of people and their ideas and goods are studied with either a theoretical or empirical mobility approach. Regarding the first strand, using mobility as a concept can be a way of understanding the mobile lives of people (e.g., Endres et al. 2016a; Uteng and Cresswell 2008; Hannam et al. 2006). In this sense, mobility is a lens to research this field with a certain optic and, therewith, ordering it accordingly. The latter strand investigates the diverse kinds of movements by, for example, migrants, refugees, tourists, pilgrims, international students, journalists, NGO personnel and diplomats. This approach has been extended to include research dealing with walking, travelling by train or even electric flows into mobility studies. As part of this approach, John Urry differentiates mobilities as follows: 1. Corporeal travel of people for work, leisure, family life, pleasure, migration and escape; 2. Physical movement of objects delivered to producers, consumers and retailers; 3. Imaginative travel elsewhere through images of places and people on television; 4. Virtual travel often in real time on the internet, so transcending geographical and social distance; 5. Communicative travel through person-to-person messages via letters, telephone, fax and mobile phone (Urry 2004, p. 28, as quoted in (Uteng and Cresswell 2008, p. 1); emphasis in original). People have always been mobile, which means that on the descriptive level, mobility is not a new phenomenon. However, the scholarly attention and analytical approach has developed only relatively recently. Many academic centers (e.g., the Scalabrini Institute for Human Mobility in Africa (SIHMA), Cape Town; the European Center for Sustainable Mobility, University of Applied Sciences Aachen; the New Mobilities Research and Policy Center; Drexel University), journals (e.g., Mobilities, Transfers, Applied Mobilities) and conferences (e.g., Nexus of Migration and Tourism: Creating Social Sustainability, ATLAS Asia-Pacific Conference 2018; AAG 2018: Expanding the debate on transport and mobility justice; (Im)mobility: Dialectics of Movement, Power and Resistance, LSE 2018; Inaugural