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Constantin Von Economo Georg N. Koskinas Lazaros C. Triarhou, M.D Atlas of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult Human Cerebral Cortex by Constantin von Economo Professor of Neurology and Psychiatry at the University of Vienna and Georg N. Koskinas Former Assistant of the Psychiatry and Neurology University Clinic in Athens Compiled at the Psychiatric Clinic of Hofrat Julius Wagner von Jauregg, Vienna With full-scale reproductions of the original 112 microphotographic plates, including 8 tables, 33 fi gures, 4 in color Translated, revised and edited with an Introduction and additional appendix material by Lazaros C. Triarhou, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Neuroscience and Chairman of Educational Policy, University of Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Greece S. Karger AG Basel · Freiburg · Paris · London · New York · Bangalore · Bangkok · Singapore · Tokyo · Sydney First English Edition Originally published in German under the title: Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Atlas mit 112 mikrophotographischen Tafeln in besonderer Mappe. Wien, Verlag von Julius Springer, 1925. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Economo, Constantin, Freiherr von, 1876-1931. Atlas of cytoarchitectonics of the adult human cerebral cortex / by Constantin von Economo and Georg N. Koskinas ; translated, revised and edited with an introduction and additional appendix material by Lazaros C. Triarhou. -- 1st English ed. p. cm. “Originally published in German under the title: Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen. Atlas mit 112 mikrophotographischen Tafeln in besonderer Mappe.” Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-3-8055-8289-6 1. Cerebral cortex--Atlases. I. Koskinas, Georg N. II. Triarhou, Lazaros Constantinos, 1957- III. Title. QM455.E18513 2007 612.8‘25--dc22 2007061522 Frontispiece portrait information: Georg N. Koskinas (left): original photograph from the editor’s archive, gift from Mrs. Eleni Kanelli-Mela; signature from a 1947 munic- ipal record. Constantin von Economo (right): photograph taken in 1930, from Enepekides [1984] and Sträussler [1932]. Disclaimer. The statements, options and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements in the book is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertise- ments. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. © Copyright 2008 by S. Karger AG, P.O. Box, CH–4009 Basel (Switzerland) www.karger.com Printed in Switzerland on acid-free and non-aging paper (ISO 9706) by Reinhardt Druck, Basel ISBN 978–3–8055–8289–6 Contents VII Preface • Acknowledgements L. C. Triarhou VIII Begleitwort C. von Economo und G. N. Koskinas IX Foreword C. von Economo and G. N. Koskinas 1 Introduction The Cytoarchitectonic Studies of Economo and Koskinas on the Human Cerebral Cortex in a Historical and in a Modern Perspective L. C. Triarhou 3 Evolution of the Cytoarchitectonic Study of the Cerebral Cortex 6 Historical Context and Praise for ‘Die Cytoarchitektonik’ 9 Cortical Cytoarchitectonics in an Era of Functional Neuroimaging 11 ‘Die Cytoarchitektonik der Hirnrinde des erwachsenen Menschen’ 13 Methodological Issues 20 Some General Results 26 Economo’s Subsequent Studies on Cytoarchitectonics 28 Human Brain Development 29 Brain Macroscopy, Macroencephalometry and Microencephalometry 32 A Proposed Number System for the 107 Cortical Modifi cation Areas of Economo and Koskinas 35 Frontal Lobe 36 Superior Limbic Lobe 36 Insular Lobe 37 Parietal Lobe 38 Occipital Lobe 38 Temporal Lobe 39 Hippocampal (Inferior Limbic) Lobe 40 Conclusion 41 References 45 Microphotographic Plates I–CXII (P1–P112) 47 Plates I–XLIII (P1–P43) • Frontal Lobe • Areas FA–FN [EK 1– EK 35] 91 Plates XLIV– LII (P44 – P52) • Superior Limbic Lobe • Areas LA–LF [EK 36 –EK 48] 101 Plates LIII – LVIII (P53 – P58) • Insular Lobe • Areas IA– ID [EK 49 – EK 54] 109 Plates LIX– LXXX (P59 – P80) • Parietal Lobe • Areas PA– PH [EK 55 – EK 72] 133 Plates LXXXI – LXXXVIII (P81– P88) • Occipital Lobe • Areas OA– OC [EK 73 – EK 79] 143 Plates LXXXIX–XCIX (P89 – P99) • Temporal Lobe • Areas TA–TK [EK 80 – EK 93] 155 Plates C – CXII (P100–P112) • Hippocampal (Inferior Limbic) Lobe • Areas HA– HF [EK 94–EK 107] 169 Appendix I. A Biographical Note on Constantin von Economo (1876–1931) 172 Appendix II. Published Works of Constantin von Economo 176 Appendix III. A Biographical Note on Georg N. Koskinas (1885–1975) 177 Appendix IV. Published Works of Georg N. Koskinas 178 Index Begleitwort Dieser photographische Atlas veranschaulicht die Cy- gedeutet und ebenso die entsprechende Ziffer der toarchitektonik der wichtigsten Teile des Großhirn- Schicht mit römischen Zahlen eingesetzt. mantels. Hier sind auf 112 Tafeln die verschiedensten Jede Tafel trägt ferner unten als Bezeichnung den Stellen der Hirnrinde auf 134 Photographien wieder- Gyrus oder Sulcus, dem das Bild entspricht, meist mit gegeben. 102 dieser Bilder, welche die wichtigsten einer näheren orientierenden Ortsangabe, ferner dar- Teile der gewöhnlichen Großhirnrinde darstellen, unter das der dargestellten Area entsprechende Buch- sind bei 100facher Vergrößerung dargestellt, so daß stabensymbol sowie den Namen der Area oder Areae; 1 mm der auf jedem Bilde angebrachten Skala 10 µm außerdem noch das Maß der linearen Vergrößerung. entspricht, so daß man durch unmittelbare Messung Da wir nun auch die Textfi guren Abb. 92 und 93 sich sofort über die Größenverhältnisse orientieren [Fig. 2], unsere areale Hirnkarte der Konvexität und kann. Der Maßstab erlaubt, da er an drei Seiten der der Medianfl äche des Gehirns, hier nochmals wieder- Bilder angebracht ist, nicht nur die Messung der Grö- geben, auf welchen die Areae sämtlich mit ihren Buch- ßenwerte, sondern auch die unmittelbar verständli- stabensymbolen eingetragen sind, so ist man schon an che Orientierung und die Defi nierung eines bestimm- Hand dieser 4 Abbildungen und der Photographien ten Punktes auf der Tafel, z. B. ein Punkt im Bilde in des Atlas ohne weiteres imstande, sich eine Übersicht der Skalahöhe 20 cm und in der Skalabreite 15 cm ist über den Zellaufbau der ganzen Großhirnrinde zu durch diese Ordinaten vollkommen fi xiert. Nur 32 Bil- verschaffen. Die näheren Einzelheiten müssen natür- der, welche dem sog. Riechhirn entsprechen, bei wel- lich stets im Textbande nachgelesen werden. Zur bes- chem es mehr auf die allgemeine topographische Ori- seren Orientierung in dem voluminösen Textbande entierung als auf die histologischen Details ankam, geben wir hier auch nochmals ein ausführlich laufen- sind bei bloß 50facher, einzelne davon bei 25facher des Tafelverzeichnis, auf welchem, wenigstens unge- Vergrößerung dargestellt, was bei jedem Bilde extra fähr, die Seiten des Textbandes angegeben sind, auf vermerkt ist; hier entspräche also 1 mm = 20 µm, welchen die entsprechenden abgebildeten Areae be- resp. = 40 µm. Sämtliche Bilder sind direkte photogra- sprochen werden. phische Kopien (nicht Phototypien oder Drucke!) von mikrophotographischen Aufnahmen und somit jedes Constantin von Economo, Georg N. Koskinas Detail echt und ohne jede Zutat. Die aufgenommenen Wien, im September 1924 Schnittpräparate der Rinde waren sämtlich 25 µm dick, so daß der Zellgehalt, Zellgröße usw. der Tafeln un- tereinander verglichen und auch sonstiges unmittel- bar richtig aus den Tafeln berechnet werden kann. Sie sind alle mit Zeiss, Planar, 2 cm Brennweite, aufge- nommen, so daß die ganze Tiefe des Schnittes mit glei- cher Schärfe und in allen ihren Elementen auf der Bildfl äche zur Anschauung kommt, so daß unmittel- VIII bar auch richtige Zellzählungen an ihnen vorgenom- men werden können. Wir glauben, daß die 100fache Vergrößerung, die wir nach vielen Versuchen gewählt haben, bei weitem die beste ist, weil sie ohne weitere Lupenanwendung jedes vom Planar aufgenommene Detail unmittelbar erkennen läßt und jede Messung bei dieser Vergrößerung sehr einfach ist. Für die Schnittdicke von 25 µm haben wir uns nach langen Versuchen entschieden, weil es die Schnittdicke ist, bei der einerseits noch die Zelldetails gut auftreten, andererseits die Schichtenbildung gerade schon gut hervortritt. Auf dünneren Schnitten gehen Änderun- gen in der Dichtigkeit und sonst im Bau der Schicht verloren. Die aus dem Text hier wiedergegebenen Abb. 151a und b [Fig. 1] zeigen genau an, von welcher Hirn- stelle jedes der hier photographierten Präparate ent- nommen ist. Auf jeder Photographie sind am Rande mit weißen Strichen die Grenzen der 6 Schichten an- Preface • Acknowledgements It is a rare circumstance and an indescribable joy to We are currently at a crossroads in science, where I express my deepest appreciation to Dr. Thomas present to the scientifi c community the fi rst English psychology (let us not forget that psyche is a term of Karger and Steven Karger for preserving the tradition edition of the Atlas of Cytoarchitectonics of the Adult philosophical, rather than scientifi c, origin) is gradu- and the fi ne craft of biomedical publishing and for be- Human Cerebral
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    VU Research Portal An MRI Von Economo – Koskinas atlas Scholtens, Lianne H.; de Reus, Marcel A.; de Lange, Siemon C.; Schmidt, Ruben; van den Heuvel, Martijn P. published in NeuroImage 2018 DOI (link to publisher) 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.069 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record document license Article 25fa Dutch Copyright Act Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Scholtens, L. H., de Reus, M. A., de Lange, S. C., Schmidt, R., & van den Heuvel, M. P. (2018). An MRI Von Economo – Koskinas atlas. NeuroImage, 170, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.12.069 General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 28. Sep. 2021 NeuroImage 170 (2018) 249–256 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect NeuroImage journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/neuroimage Full Length Articles An MRI Von Economo – Koskinas atlas Lianne H.
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