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Influence of Botanicals Against Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma Granarium

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Influence of Botanicals Against Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma Granarium ` ESSENCE - International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation Volume VI: No. 1 2015 [91 – 95] [ISSN 0975 - 6272] [www.essence-journal.com] Influence of botanicals agaainst Khapra Beetle (Trogoderma granarium Everts) and their effect on grain qualities of Maize during storaage Lambat, Ashish1; Lambat, Prachi2; Charjan, Sanjiv3 and Deotale, Rajesh3 Received: March 23, 2015 ⏐ Accepted: April 26, 2015 ⏐ Online: June 30, 2015 Abstract Introduction The khapra beetle (Trogoderma grananrium The khapra beetle (Trogaderma granarium Everts) is a serious pest of stored grain Everts) is a serious store grain pest of wheat causing during storage. In the present investigation, the considerable damage to almost all cereals in experiment was conducted to know the effect storage. It is largely responsible for damage and frequently harboring store, mill and of different organic grain protectants on infestation percentage of khapra beetle and warehouses. Khapra beetle is cosmopolitan in seed qualities of Maize (Zea mays CV.PKV- nature attributing about 50% loss in seed Shatak). It was observed that seed treated with weight during storage. e steady ris se of pestic sweet flag powder (2.5%) and custard apple Th e in the u ides for seed powder 2.5% were showed significantly control of store grain pests can be dangerous to higher 100 seed weight, germination human being and cattle as well due to their residual toxicity. With view to find out safe percentage, seedling vigour, field emergence percentage and adult mortality as compared to and organic seed protectants, present other seed treatment and control during investigation was taken up to evaluate the storage. organic grain protectants in seed storage against khapra beetle in maize. Keywords: organic grain protectants | sweet flag | custard apple | khapra beetle | maize | Materials and methods infestation | storage Maize (Zea mays CV. PKY-Shatak) seed were For correspondence: used in various phages of this study, produced 1 Sevadal Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Nagpur in 2012-2013. The seed were cleaned and dried 2Shri Mathuradas Mohata Science College, Nagpur 3College of Agriculture (Dr. PDKV’s) Nagpur (moisture content 10.5%). The wheat seed Email: [email protected] were treated (May 2013) with six plant product viz., Neem leaf, sweet flag, Tulsi, Custard 91 Lambat et al. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91 – 95 apple, Turmeric and Pongamia powder is in the behavior (Adult mortality), infestation proportion of 2.5% by weight of the seeds. The percentage 100 seed weigh, germination experiment as conducted in glass bottle of 1 lit percentage, vigour index and field emergence capacity with seven treatments including percentage after three months of storage are untreated control. Each glass bottle was then given in Table 1. filled with 500 gm of wheat seeds. 10 pairs of The result indicated that variation in number of 2-3 days old khapra beetle were released in khapra beetle (adult) in each treatment. The each glass bottle covered with muslin cloth. khapra beetel adult mortality was significantly The set of experiment was kept in well highest in maize seed treated with sweet flag ventilated wire mesh almirah in masonry (100%) which is closely followed by custard building having cemented walls, roof and floor apple (92%) neem leaf (60%), pongamia under ambient temperature (24.1 – 45.8oC) and (56%), tulsi (51%) and turmeric (47%). Where relative humidity (20-82%) from May to July, in significantly lower mortality was observed 2013. After three months the seed from each in untreated control (5%). Saxena et. Al treatment were keenly observed and those (1976), Tikku et al. (1978) and Khan and Borle found infested were separated out weighted to (1985) found Acorus calamus L oil vapour determine the infestation percentage on weight responsible for causing infecundity among the basis hundred seed weight and germination female of a number stored grain pest. Biradar were tested in quadruplicate with 100 seed in (2000) who reported that sweet flag has got each replication. The germination percentage insecticidal and ovicidal effect. The was evaluated on the value for normal seedling significantly maize seed weight loss was (Anon. 1985). The vigour index were workout observed in untreated control followed by following the method of Abdul Baki and turmeric, tulsi, pongmia, neem leaf, custard Anderson (1973). For field emergence test, apple and sweet flag treatment during entire sowing of wheat seed was done in randomized period of storage. This might be due to block design, with four replication with inter sterilizing effect of sweet flag rhizome powder and intra row spacing of one feet and six mixed with maize seeds. Charjan and Tarar inches respectively. Observations for field (1994), Deshpande et al. (2010), Ashish et al. emergence were recorded daily and finally the (2011), and K. Cherian et al. (2011) reported established seedlings were counted after one that the sharp declined in infestation month of sowing. The experimental data was percentage of store grain pest in seed treated statistically scrutinized as per the Panse and with Acorus calamus powder. Sukhatme (1967). The seed quality parameters viz., 100 seed weight, germination percentage and seedling Result and discussion vigour index was highest in seed treated with The data regarding the effect of the different 2.5% concentration of sweet flag powder organic grain protectants on population followed by custard apple, neem leaf, 92 Lambat et al. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91 – 95 pongamia, tulsi, turmeric and untreated which leads to reduction in weight of the maize control. The 100 seed weight, germination seeds and in turn affect the seed germination percentage and vigour index decreased with and vigour index because of lack of stored increasing infestation of stored grain pest food and is in conformity with the findings of Howe, (1972), Charjan and Tarar (1994), Narayanswami (1985). Handerson ad Deshpande et al. (2010) and Ashish Lambat et Christensen (1961) reported that pulse beetle al. (2011). Since the stored grain pest have attack the embryo and germination potential of been eaten off major portion of the endosperm seed reduced or totally destroyed. Treatments Adult Prevent weiight 100 Germination SVI Field Mortality loss due to seed (%) emergence (%) infestation (%) weight (%) Neem Leaf 58 5.7 6.04 70 1347 60 (2.5%) Sweet flag 100 0.04 6.64 95 2008 85 (2.5%) Tulsi (2.5%) 50 6.3 5.80 68 1294 56 Custard apple 91 2.5 6.35 90 1992 80 (2.5%) Turmeric (2.5%) 48 6.6 3.8 60 1120 48 Pongamia 54 5.9 6.01 66 1212 54 (2.5%) Untreated 6 16.94 4.16 30 614 16 control SEm ( + ) 0.35 0.09 0.03 0.12 0.10 CD at 5% 1.06 0.29 0.10 0.36 0.31 Table No. 1: The Effect of different organic protectants on khapra beetle mortality, infestation percentage, 100 seed weight, germination percentage, seedling vigour and field emergence percentage The field emergence percentage of maize seeds infestation of khapra beetle and higher 100 follows the same trends of seed quality seed weight, germinability and seedling vigour parameters. The field emergence percentage index. The results are agreement to those was highest in seed treated with 2.5% reported by Charjan and Tarar (1994), concentration of sweet flag powder as Deshpande et al.. (2010), Ashish Lambat et al. compared to other treatments and untreated (2010) and K. Cherian et al. (2011). control. This might be due to the least 93 Lambat et al. /Vol. VI [1] 2015/91 – 95 Among the plant products sweet flag powder M.Sc. (Agri.) Thesis, University of 2.5 % were found to be ignificantly effective Agricultural Sciences, Dharwd. against khapra beetle throughout the period of Charjan S.K.U. and Tarar, J.L. (1994): The investigation these findings are agreement with influence of some plant products on Siva Srinivasu (2001), Deshpande et al. seed quality of lobia during storage. (2010), Charjan and Tarar (1994) and Ashish Ann. Plant Physiol. 8 (2) L: 153-156 Lambat et al. (2011) thus sweet flag and Deshpande, V.K. Deshpande, H.H. and custard apple naturally occurring botanicals Masuthi, D. (2010): Evaluation of grain which are not toxic can be used as pre storage protectants in seed storage against seed treatment, dispensing with the use of Sitophilus oryzae (L.) in sorghum. costly and toxic can be used as pre storage seed Green farming 1(5):512-514. treatment, dispensing with the use of costly Harderson, L.S. and Christensen, C.M. (1961): and toxic chemicals to control khapra beetle Preharvest control of insect and fungi. damage without adversely affecting the U.S. Dept. Agri. Ybk, pp. 348-356. germination of maize seed. Howe, R.W. (1972): Insect attacking seed during storage. Seed Biology vol. III References (ed. Kozlowski, T.T.) Academic press: Abdul Baki, A.A. and Anderson J.D. (1973): New York pp. 247-300. Vigour determination in soybean seed Khan, M.I. and Borle, M.N. (1985): Efficacy byy multiple criteria. Crop sci. 13: 630- of some safer grain protectants against 633. the pulse beetle, Collosobruchus Anonymous, (1985): International rules for chenensis L. infecting stored Bengal seed testing. Seed Sci. and Technol. 13: gram (Cicer arietinum L.) P.K.V. Res. J 299-513 9(1): 53-55. Ashish Lambat, Rajesh Gadewar, Sanjeev Konglath Cherian, Sanjeev Charjan, Vandan Charjan, Konglath Cherian and Prachi Mohod, Ashis Lambat and Rajesh Lambat, (2011): Evaluation of organic Gadewar (2011): Studies on the grain protectants in seed storage against influence of Acorus clamus L. rrhizome rice weevil in wheat. Proc. Of Powder seed treatments against stored International conference on Sustainable grain pest of wheat. Proc. Of National Environment held during 19-20 Seminar on Environmental February 2011 at Aurangabad, Management and Biodiversity Maharashtra, India. Special issue 6: conservation, held during 26-27 122-123.
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