An Aggressive Interaction Between a Northern Goshawk and a Red-Tailed Hawk

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

An Aggressive Interaction Between a Northern Goshawk and a Red-Tailed Hawk DECEMBER 1992 LETTERS 269 J. Raptor Res. 26(4):269 ¸ 1992 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. AERIAL MOBBING OF A GYRFALCON BY GLAUCOUS GULLS On 1-2 June 1990, while campedat a small island in Alexandra Fiord on EllesmereIsland (78ø54'N 75ø45'W) near a lowland oasis(B. Freedman and J. Svoboda1982, Can. Field.-Nat. 96:56-60), I observeda male Gyrfalcon (Falcorusticolus) quartering back and forth in front of a cliff where the female was nesting.The orographiclift of the Gyrfalconwas interruptedby a group of three GlaucousGulls (Larushyperboreus) on two separateoccasions, each lastingseveral minutes. During the first encounter,the gulls, which initiated the engagement,acted in unison, each gull takingturns divingat the Gyrfalcon,while the otherscircled close by callingloudly. The Gyrfalcon,in an attempt to fight the gulls,swiveled about, talons extended, occasionally even doing so while completelyinverted. After returning to the nest, the Gyrfalcon ignoredthe gulls until after 10 min it tried to make a kill of a single passingbird. The panickedavoidance by the GlaucousGull consistedof droppingvertically to severalmeters above the pack ice and calhngloudly. Within a few moments,two gulls arrived and the three dissuadedthe Gyrfalcon from hunting. The falconthen returnedto the nestsite where it stayedfor the next hour of observation,disregarding nearby gulls. Gyrfalconscommonly take prey in the air (e.g., C.M. White and R.B. Weiden 1966, Condor68:517-519; S.A. Bengtson1971, Ibis 113:468-476) and customarilyprey uponseabirds (e.g., G.P. Dementievand N.N. Gortchakovskaya 1945, Ibis 87:559-565; K.G. Pooleand G.A. Boag 1988, Can. J. Zool. 66:334-344) includingGlaucous Gulls (C.M. White and T.J. Cade 1971,Living Bird 10:107-150).Similar mobbingof Gyrfalconsby CommonRaven (Corvus corax) has been noted previously(M.A. Jenkins 1978, Auk 95:122-127). N. Wooden (1980, Raptor Res. 14:97-124) also observedperched Gyrfalcons struck by passingArctic Terns (Sternaparadisaea) which, however,never groupedto drivethe raptoraway as in the presentencounter with the larger GlaucousGulls. This seeminglyparadoxical behavior of self-endangermentby mobbersmay be necessaryto "convince"the predatorthat their threat is real (S.A. Sordahl 1990, WilsonBull. 102:349-353). The result is that both ravens(Jenkins 1978) and GlaucousGulls (this study) can be ignoredeven when they fly directlybeneath or over an occupiedGyrfalcon eyrie.--R.L. France, Department of Biology, McGill University, 1205 Ave. Dr. Penfield, Montreal, PQ.• Canada H3A lB1. J Raptor Res. 26(4):269-270 ¸ 1992 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. AN AGGRESSIVE INTERACTION BETWEEN A NORTHERN GOSHAWK AND A RED-TAILED HAWK During September1987, D. Crannell observedan aggressiveencounter between a Northern Goshawk(Accipiter gentilis) and a Red-tailed Hawk (Buteojamaicensis) on the Alsea Ranger District (Township 13 South, Range 09 West) of the SiuslawNational Forestin the CoastRange of westernOregon. An adult Red-tailedHawk was observed flyingerratically, apparently grappling with anotherbird. The birdstumbled to the grounda shortdistance away and whenthis locationwas approached,the Red-tailedHawk was seenhanging upside down in the talonsof a mature goshawkabout 3 m up in a smalltree. The pair of birdswere about5 m from the observer.The goshawkdropped the Red-tailedHawk, possiblybecause of the closeproximity of a human,and after about60 secthe Red-tailedHawk hoppedto an adjacentbush. The two hawksthen watchedeach other for a few seconds,and the Red-tailedHawk flew southacross a pastureand landedin a tree.Within seconds,the goshawkpursued the redtail,struck it, and both birdswent to the ground.The outcomeof this last encounterwas not observed. Vegetationin the areawas dominatedby second-growthDouglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii), vine maple(Acer czrcinatum)and red alder (Alnusrubra) growingwhere recenttimber harvesthad taken place. This habitat was not typical of mostnesting sites for Northern Goshawksin Oregon,and goshawksare not known to nest in the Coast Range of Oregon (R.T. Reynoldset al. 1982, J. WildlifeManage. 46:124-138), althoughsightings of goshawksare often recordedthere. Red-tailed Hawks do nestin the Coast Range. No vocalizationswere heard, so it was not known if either bird emittedalarm or defensivecalls. It is possiblethat this encounterwas an act of predationby the goshawk on the redtail rather than aggressiveterritoriality. We do not know if the goshawkconsumed any of the redtail. Encountersbetween Northern Goshawksand Red-tailed Hawks are of interest becauseof the possibilitythat the two speciesare beingdrawn into closerproximity during nesting because of wide-spreadalteration of forestedhabitat due to timber harvest(D.C. Crocker-Bedford1990, Wildl. Soc.Bull. 18:262-269). Physicallyaggressive encounters between 270 LV.TTV. RS VOL. 26, NO. 4 two speciesof similar sizeare seldomobserved, and may be rare in nature,but suchdirect sources of mortalityor competitionundoubtedly occur in the wild. We thank E.C. Meslow,D.K. Rosenberg,and B. Woodbridgefor reviewingthis note.--Dan Crannell, Bureau of Land Management,P.O. Box 10226,Eugene, OR 97440-2226;Stephen DeStefano, Oregon Cooperative Wildlife ResearchUnit, Nash 104, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331-3803. J. Raptor Res. 26(4):270 ¸ 1992 The Raptor ResearchFoundation, Inc. THESIS ABSTRACT HABITAT USE, MOVEMENTS, MIGRATION PATTERNS,AND SURVIVALRATES OF SUBADULT BALD F•AGLES IN NORTHERN FLORIDA The stateof Florida supportsover half of the breedingpopulation of Bald Eagles(Haliaeetus leucocephalus leucocepha- lus) in the southeasternUnited States;this representsa significantresource for the Southeastand for Florida. Currently, primary managementemphasis and protectionis focusedon bald eaglenest sites. No habitatprotection or management activitiesare aimedat foraging,roosting or loafingareas for subadulteagles. In fact, habitatsand habitatcharacteristics importantto subadults have not beenquantified. In this study,I examinedvarious aspects of eaglebiology that might be pertinentto survivalor managementof the Florida subadulteagle population. Specifically, using radiotelemetry, I examinedpost-fledging habitat needs, factors affecting timing of migration,local movements, habitat use, and survival in north-centralFlorida from spring 1987 through spring 1991. Fledgling eagles(birds prior to their initial migration) remaineddependent on adults and remainedwithin 4 km of the natal nestuntil theyinitiated migration (approximately 7 wk post-fiedging).It wasdetermined that habitatprotection within the 229 m primary protectionzone usedin Florida was not sufficientto meet the habitat needsof fledgling eagles and that the protectionperiod should extend until fledglingsinitiate migration in the summer. Timing of migration for fledglingand 1- to 4-year-old eaglesappeared to be correlatedmore with prey availability than with temperature,although both factorsappear to affect migration. Locationsof radio-taggedeagles outside of Florida rangedfrom SouthCarolina to Prince Edward Island, Canada. Data suggestthat eaglesare philopatricto summeringareas, which emphasizesthe needfor protectionof significant summeringareas. Known and assumedmortality occurred primarily duringmigration in northernstates. The 1V2 year age classhad the lowestsurvival. Survival was significantlylower for eaglesfledged from 1-chicknests and for the youngerchick in 2-chicknests. The minimumsurvival rate through4« yearsof agewas 50% and did not vary by sex. After subadultsreturned to the north-centralFlorida studyarea in the fall, individualscontinued to use the same generalareas each year. Temporallyand locallyabundant food sources resulted in temporarysmall concentrations of eagles.Certain portions of the studyarea were used consistently each year by largenumbers of eagles.Subadult eagles werenot distributedrandomly over the studyarea. Logistic regression analyses revealed that eaglestended to be located closeto largewater bodies,and eaglenests were frequentlyin cypressand marshhabitats, and avoidedmain roads and developedareas. Immature eagles (1-year olds) tended to be locatedcloser to eaglenests than 2- to 4-year-olds Thus, managementfor subadultpopulations must include these heavily used concentration areas that supplythe habxtat featurespreferred by subadults.Survival of subadultsmay be affectedif a highly usedarea becomesunsuitable.- Petra Bohall Wood. 1992. Ph.D. thesis,Department of Wildlife and Range Sciences,University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611. Presentaddress: West Virginia Coop. Fish and Wildlife ResearchUnit, West Virginia University, P.O. Box 6125, Morgantown, WV 26506-6125. .
Recommended publications
  • A Multi-Gene Phylogeny of Aquiline Eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) Reveals Extensive Paraphyly at the Genus Level
    Available online at www.sciencedirect.com MOLECULAR SCIENCE•NCE /W\/Q^DIRI DIRECT® PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION ELSEVIER Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 35 (2005) 147-164 www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multi-gene phylogeny of aquiline eagles (Aves: Accipitriformes) reveals extensive paraphyly at the genus level Andreas J. Helbig'^*, Annett Kocum'^, Ingrid Seibold^, Michael J. Braun^ '^ Institute of Zoology, University of Greifswald, Vogelwarte Hiddensee, D-18565 Kloster, Germany Department of Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, 4210 Silver Hill Rd., Suitland, MD 20746, USA Received 19 March 2004; revised 21 September 2004 Available online 24 December 2004 Abstract The phylogeny of the tribe Aquilini (eagles with fully feathered tarsi) was investigated using 4.2 kb of DNA sequence of one mito- chondrial (cyt b) and three nuclear loci (RAG-1 coding region, LDH intron 3, and adenylate-kinase intron 5). Phylogenetic signal was highly congruent and complementary between mtDNA and nuclear genes. In addition to single-nucleotide variation, shared deletions in nuclear introns supported one basal and two peripheral clades within the Aquilini. Monophyly of the Aquilini relative to other birds of prey was confirmed. However, all polytypic genera within the tribe, Spizaetus, Aquila, Hieraaetus, turned out to be non-monophyletic. Old World Spizaetus and Stephanoaetus together appear to be the sister group of the rest of the Aquilini. Spiza- stur melanoleucus and Oroaetus isidori axe nested among the New World Spizaetus species and should be merged with that genus. The Old World 'Spizaetus' species should be assigned to the genus Nisaetus (Hodgson, 1836). The sister species of the two spotted eagles (Aquila clanga and Aquila pomarina) is the African Long-crested Eagle (Lophaetus occipitalis).
    [Show full text]
  • Red Tailed Hawk
    FACT SHEET Red-Tailed Hawk COOL FACTS: Scientifi c name: Buteo jamaicensis Average weight: female: 31-51ounces; male: 25-45 ounces Average length: female: 19-25 inches; male: 17-22 inches Average wing span: 44-52 inches both sexes (3.5- 4.5 feet) Did you know? Most common hawk in North America. PHYSIOLOGY This is one of the largest birds you will see in North America. Even though the female of the species is larger than the male, the biggest female’s weight is only about 3 pounds. The oldest know Red-Tailed Hawk was 28 years and 10 months old. This species is blocky and broad in shape. A whitish underbelly with a dark brown band formed by horizontal streaks in feather patterning is present in most colour variations. The red tail, which gives this species its name, is uniformly brick-red above and light buff-orange below. The beak is short and dark and in the hooked, raptor shape. The head can sometimes appear small in size against the thick body frame. They have relatively short, broad tails and thick, chunky wings. The legs and the feet of the Red- Tailed Hawk are all yellow. The cry of the Red-Tailed Hawk is a two to three second hoarse, rasping scream, described as kree- eee-ar. This cry is often described as sounding similar to a steam whistle. This hawk soars; fl apping its wings as little as possible to conserve energy. Active fl ight is slow and deliberate, with deep wing beats. When soaring or fl apping its wings, it typically travels from 32 to 64 km/hr, but when diving it may exceed 190 km/hr.
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology and Nestling Diet of the Great Black&Hyphen;Hawk
    SHORT COMMUNICATIONS j. RaptorRes. 32(2):175-177 ¸ 1998 The Raptor Research Foundation, Inc. BREEDING BIOLOGY AND NESTLING DIET OF THE GREAT BLACK-HAWK NATHANIEL E. SEAVY 17142 LemoloShr. Dr. N.E., Poulsbo, WA 98370 U.S.A. RtCH?d•D P. GERHARDT 341 N.E. Chestnut St., Madras, OR 97741 U.S.A. KEY WORDS: GreatBlack-Hawk; Buteogallus urubitinga; Observationsof courtship behavior or of hawkscarry- breedingbiology; diet;, Petgn; Guatemala. ing nest material or prey led to the eventual location of nests.After they were found, nests were checked every 2-3 d to record nesting phenology.During all yearswe The Great Black-Hawk (Buteogallusurubitinga) rang- recorded nest size (diameter and depth) and situation, es from Mexico south to eastern Bolivia, Paraguayand and described nest trees. Observationsof prey deliveries to nests were made with binoculars from observation northern Argentina, inhabiting coastal lowlands and foothills (Brown and Amadon 1968). The few accounts platforms constructed in trees about 35 m from nests. We climbed to nestsweekly to weigh and measure nest- describing its breeding biology have been brief and at lings in 1991; in 1993 and 1994 we avoided climbing to times contradictory(Grossman and Hamlet 1964, Smithe nests,except to verify someclutch sizes,until after fledg- 1966, Brown and Amadon 1968, ffrench 1976, Mader ing. Additional information on clutch size, nesting phe- 1981). Based primarily on isolated observationsof hunt- nology and nestswas obtained from egg-setdata records ing and prey remains collected beneath roosts, a wide from published accounts,the Western Foundation of Ver- variety of prey items has been recorded, including inver- tebrate Zoology (WFVZ), and the Delaware Museum of tebrates,fish, frogs, reptiles,birds, mammalsand carrion Natural History (DMNH).
    [Show full text]
  • Birds Accipitridae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Osprey Pandion
    Birds Accipitridae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Osprey Pandion haliaetus Northern Harrier Hawk Circus cyaneus Bald Eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus Sharp-shinned Hawk Accipiter striatus Cooper’s Hawk Accipiter cooperii Red-shoulder Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Broad-winged Hawk Buteo platypterus Red-tailed Hawk Buteo jamaicensis Alcedinidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Belted Kingfisher Ceryle alcyon Anatidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Tundra Swan Cygnus columbianus Snow Goose Chen caerulescens Canada Goose Branta canadensis Wood Duck Aix sponsa Muscovy Duck Cairina moschata Mallard Anas platyrhynchos American Black Duck Anas rubripes Gadwall Anas strepera Green-winged Teal Anas crecca American Wigeon Anas americana Northern Pintail Anas acuta Northern Shoveler Anas clypeata Blue-winged Teal Anas discors Canvasback Aythya valisineria Redhead Aythya americana Ring-necked Duck Aythya collaris Greater Scaup Aythya marila Lesser Scaup Aythya affinis Bufflehead Bucephala albeola Red-breasted Merganser Mergus serrator Hooded Merganser Lophodytes cucullatus Ruddy Duck Oxyura jamaicensis Anhingidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Anhinga Anhinga anhinga Apodidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Chimney Swift Chaetura pelagica Ardeidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Black-crowned Night-Heron Nycticorax nycticorax Green Heron Butorides virescens Little Blue Heron Egretta caerulea Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis Snowy Egret Egretta thula Great Egret Ardea alba Great Blue Heron Ardea herodias Bombycillidae COMMON NAME SCIENTIFIC NAME Cedar Waxwing Bombycilla cedrorum Caprimulgidae
    [Show full text]
  • Breeding Biology of Neotropical Accipitriformes: Current Knowledge and Research Priorities
    Revista Brasileira de Ornitologia 26(2): 151–186. ARTICLE June 2018 Breeding biology of Neotropical Accipitriformes: current knowledge and research priorities Julio Amaro Betto Monsalvo1,3, Neander Marcel Heming2 & Miguel Ângelo Marini2 1 Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia, IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 2 Departamento de Zoologia, IB, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil. 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] Received on 08 March 2018. Accepted on 20 July 2018. ABSTRACT: Despite the key role that knowledge on breeding biology of Accipitriformes plays in their management and conservation, survey of the state-of-the-art and of information gaps spanning the entire Neotropics has not been done since 1995. We provide an updated classification of current knowledge about breeding biology of Neotropical Accipitridae and define the taxa that should be prioritized by future studies. We analyzed 440 publications produced since 1995 that reported breeding of 56 species. There is a persistent scarcity, or complete absence, of information about the nests of eight species, and about breeding behavior of another ten. Among these species, the largest gap of breeding data refers to the former “Leucopternis” hawks. Although 66% of the 56 evaluated species had some improvement on knowledge about their breeding traits, research still focus disproportionately on a few regions and species, and the scarcity of breeding data on many South American Accipitridae persists. We noted that analysis of records from both a citizen science digital database and museum egg collections significantly increased breeding information on some species, relative to recent literature. We created four groups of priority species for breeding biology studies, based on knowledge gaps and threat categories at global level.
    [Show full text]
  • Parent's Falconry Factsheet
    PARENT FACTSHEET FOR FALCONERS UNDER THE AGE OF 18 So your child wants to become a falconer, what do you need to know? If you haven’t already read the “Is Falconry Right for Me” factsheet, please do so now. Why should I allow my child to become a falconer? Falconry is more than a sport; it is a way of hunting that dates back over 4,000 years. It is one of the few activities that allow a human trainer to form a hunting bond with a wild animal allowing them to participate in the capture of prey. It is a tremendous learning experience about nature, raptors, and their ecology. It is also a great way to get children outdoors in an activity that the whole family can enjoy. What is the minimum age to become a falconer? According to federal regulations, children must be at least 12 years old to become a falconer. All beginner falconers start as Apprentices; however, under Minnesota regulations, children between 12 to 16 years of age are listed as Junior Apprentices. What are my responsibilities as their parent or guardian? According to federal regulations, a parent or legal guardian must sign the permits for all children under the age of 18, and they must state that they are willing to take responsibility for all activities that occur under their child’s permit. That includes hunting and training with the raptor, as well as, care and maintenance of the raptor. Additionally, in Minnesota, Junior Apprentices (permittees that are between 12 and 16 years of age) must house their raptor in the facilities of an adult falconry permittee, preferably their parent or legal guardian; therefore, it is recommended that at least one of the parents become a falconer as well.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Status and Distribution of Mangrove Black Hawk Buteogallus (Anthracinus) Subtilis by William S
    boc1272-070510-lr.qxp 5/10/2007 3:43 PM Page 110 Nicola Baccetti et al. 110 Bull. B.O.C. 2007 127(2) Salvadori, T. 1915. Notizie storiche intorno alla collezione ornitologica del Museo di Torino. Mem. R. Acad. Sci. Torino, ser. II, 65(5): 1–49. Savi, P. 1825. Osservazioni per servire alla storia di alcune Silvie toscane. Nuovo Giornale de’Letterati, Pisa 11: 16–30. Savi, P. 1827–31. Ornitologia Toscana, vols. 1–3. Nistri, Pisa. Seebohm, H. 1881. Catalogue of the Passeriformes or perching birds in the collection of the British Museum—Cichlomorphae: Part II containing the family Turdidae (warblers and thrushes), vol. 5. Trustees of the Brit. Mus., London. Sherborn, C. 1905. The new species of birds in Vroeg’s catalogue, 1764. Smithsonian Misc. Coll. 47: 332–341. Shirihai, H., Gargallo, G. & Helbig, A. J. 2001. Sylvia warblers: identification, taxonomy and phylogeny of the genus Sylvia. Christopher Helm, London. Svensson, L. 1992. Identification guide to European passerines. Fourth edn. Privately published, Stockholm. Temminck, C. J. 1820. Manuel d’Ornithologie. Second edn., pt. 1. H. Cousin, Paris. Trischitta, A. 1922. Note ornitologiche. Atti Soc. It. Sci. Nat., Milano 61: 121–131. Vaurie, C. 1959. The birds of the Palearctic fauna. Passeriformes. H. F. & G. Witherby, London. Vosmaer, A. 1764. Beredeneerde Catalogus, Van eene, by uitstekfraaye en weergaalooze Verzameling etc. Pieter van Os, Gravenhage. Williamson, K. 1968. Identification for ringers. The genus Sylvia. British Trust for Ornithology, Tring. Whitaker, J. 1905. The birds of Tunisia. R. H. Porter, London. Addresses: Dr N. Baccetti, INFS, via Ca’ Fornacetta 9, I-40064 Ozzano Emilia BO, Italy, e-mail: [email protected].
    [Show full text]
  • Accipitridae Species Tree
    Accipitridae I: Hawks, Kites, Eagles Pearl Kite, Gampsonyx swainsonii ?Scissor-tailed Kite, Chelictinia riocourii Elaninae Black-winged Kite, Elanus caeruleus ?Black-shouldered Kite, Elanus axillaris ?Letter-winged Kite, Elanus scriptus White-tailed Kite, Elanus leucurus African Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides typus ?Madagascan Harrier-Hawk, Polyboroides radiatus Gypaetinae Palm-nut Vulture, Gypohierax angolensis Egyptian Vulture, Neophron percnopterus Bearded Vulture / Lammergeier, Gypaetus barbatus Madagascan Serpent-Eagle, Eutriorchis astur Hook-billed Kite, Chondrohierax uncinatus Gray-headed Kite, Leptodon cayanensis ?White-collared Kite, Leptodon forbesi Swallow-tailed Kite, Elanoides forficatus European Honey-Buzzard, Pernis apivorus Perninae Philippine Honey-Buzzard, Pernis steerei Oriental Honey-Buzzard / Crested Honey-Buzzard, Pernis ptilorhynchus Barred Honey-Buzzard, Pernis celebensis Black-breasted Buzzard, Hamirostra melanosternon Square-tailed Kite, Lophoictinia isura Long-tailed Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis longicauda Black Honey-Buzzard, Henicopernis infuscatus ?Black Baza, Aviceda leuphotes ?African Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda cuculoides ?Madagascan Cuckoo-Hawk, Aviceda madagascariensis ?Jerdon’s Baza, Aviceda jerdoni Pacific Baza, Aviceda subcristata Red-headed Vulture, Sarcogyps calvus White-headed Vulture, Trigonoceps occipitalis Cinereous Vulture, Aegypius monachus Lappet-faced Vulture, Torgos tracheliotos Gypinae Hooded Vulture, Necrosyrtes monachus White-backed Vulture, Gyps africanus White-rumped Vulture, Gyps bengalensis Himalayan
    [Show full text]
  • THREATENED Region
    Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk Buteo platypterus brunnescens Distribution Biological Information Reproduction The species nest on mature secondary forest and old plantations. In Río Abajo Commonwealth Forest (RACF) nesting sites are characterized by the dominance of tree species such as palo maria (Calophyllum antillanum), teak (Tectona grandis), Honduran mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) and blue mahoe (Hibiscus elatus). Nests are built in the upper reaches of large trees emerging from the canopy. New information on the abundance and demographic features of the population of Puerto Rican broad- winged hawks at the RACF indicates high pair Family: Accipitridae fidelity; a nest survival rate of 0.67 across breeding Order: Falconiformes seasons; and an average annual productivity of 1.1 young per nest. Between 2001 and 2003, Puerto Description Rican broad-wing hawks were radio-tagged and leg- banded as hatchlings in RACF and were documented The Puerto Rican broad-winged hawk is dark alive in 2013 using the same areas where they were brown and has rufous-barred white ventral area. marked (Llerandi-Román and Rios-Cruz pers. comm.). It is a medium-sized forest hawk that measures One female hatchling marked between 2001 and 2003 approximately 39 centimeters (15.5 inches), and is in RACF has been documented nesting successfully in endemic to Puerto Rico. It is smaller than the Buteo the years 2007 to 2009. (Rios-Cruz pers. comm.) plalypterus platypterus, but larger than the Lesser Antillean subspecies. This is the darkest subspecies of Habitat the broad-winged hawks. In adults, the tail is broadly This species occurs in elfin woodland, sierra palm, banded with black and white, and the rufous (rust caimitillo-granadillo, and tabonuco forest types of the color) breast is characteristic.
    [Show full text]
  • Town of Superior Raptor Monitoring 2020 Summary
    Town of Superior Raptor Monitoring 2020 Summary Red-tailed Hawk with nestlings Sponsored by the Open Space Advisory Committee Introduction: 2019-2020 marked the second full session of a raptor monitoring program sponsored by the Town of Superior’s Open Space Advisory Committee. The program has several goals: determining what raptor species are present in Superior, learning what areas raptors use at different times of the year, monitoring any nesting activity, working to prevent unnecessary disturbance to raptors, identifying habitats to protect, and providing relevant education to the Town’s residents. Twelve volunteer observers, all Superior residents, monitored ten general locations approximately weekly between early winter and late summer. They identified 14 species of raptors, including eagles, falcons, hawks, and owls. Some of these species use open spaces in Superior only intermittently, for hunting or migration. However, monitors determined that four species nested in or adjacent to Superior in 2020; 14 nests were located and all but one of them produced fledglings. The nesting species were Great Horned Owl, Red-tailed Hawk, Cooper’s Hawk, and American Kestrel. These four raptors are well known for being able to adapt to living near humans and to reproduce successfully in a suburban environment. Methods and Results: Volunteer observers received orientation training, monitored designated areas regularly between early winter and late summer, and submitted observation reports to the project coordinator. If courtship activity or a
    [Show full text]
  • SOARING MISSISSIPPI Falconry Requires Intense Dedication, Time, Money, and a Desire to Learn
    January–February 2020 March–April 2020 EVERYTHING M I S S I S S I P P I M I S S I S S I P P I Outdoors Outdoors M ISSISSIPPIMay–June 2020 MISSISSIPPI Outdoors EVERYTHING Mississippi Outdoors magazine OUTDOORS 6 issues for only $9 SUBSCRIBE NOW Subscribe to Mississippi Outdoors • Call Toll-Free 1-888-874-5785 Subscribe to Mississippi Outdoors • Call Toll-Free 1-888-874-5785 Subscribe to Mississippi Outdoors • Call Toll-Free 1-888-874-5785 Harris's Hawk SOARING MISSISSIPPI Falconry requires intense dedication, time, money, and a desire to learn By Houston Havens hen most people not be mistaken for simply bringing the falconry permit exam, which covers hear the term fal- home a pet. Falconry requires intense a wide range of topics related to rap- conry, they think of dedication as well as time, money, and tor biology, falconry equipment, car- an outdated prac- ongoing education. It must be consid- ing for birds, and hunting with birds in tice that was used ered more of a job than a leisure ac- the field. A minimum score of 80% is Wlong ago as a means to catch wild game tivity, and to become a master requires required to pass the exam before mov- before modern weaponry was devel- several steps. ing forward in the permitting process. oped. And to an extent, they would be To prepare for the exam, suggested lit- correct. However, the sport of falconry erature can be found on the Mississippi is alive and well today in the United The permit exam Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and States, and Mississippi currently has 36 Parks (MDWFP) Falconry Program licensed falconers.
    [Show full text]
  • Accipitrinae Tree
    Accipitrinae: Accipiters, Harriers Gabar Goshawk, Micronisus gabar Micronisus Long-tailed Hawk, Urotriorchis macrourus Urotriorchis Dark Chanting-Goshawk, Melierax metabates ?Eastern Chanting-Goshawk, Melierax poliopterus Melierax Pale Chanting-Goshawk, Melierax canorus Lizard Buzzard, Kaupifalco monogrammicus Kaupifalco Chestnut-shouldered Goshawk, Erythrotriorchis buergersi Erythrotriorchis Red Goshawk, Erythrotriorchis radiatus Chestnut-flanked Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza castanilius Red-chested Goshawk, Tachyspiza toussenelii African Goshawk, Tachyspiza tachiro Red-thighed Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza erythropus Little Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza minulla Spot-tailed Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza trinotata Tachyspiza Japanese Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza gularis Besra, Tachyspiza virgata ?Dwarf Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza nana ?Vinous-breasted Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza rhodogaster ?Rufous-necked Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza erythrauchen Collared Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza cirrocephala ?New Britain Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza brachyura Variable Goshawk, Tachyspiza hiogaster ?Gray Goshawk, Tachyspiza novaehollandiae Brown Goshawk, Tachyspiza fasciata ?Moluccan Goshawk, Tachyspiza henicogramma Shikra, Tachyspiza badia Levant Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza brevipes ?Nicobar Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza butleri Chinese Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza soloensis Black-mantled Goshawk, Tachyspiza melanochlamys ?Pied Goshawk, Tachyspiza albogularis ?White-bellied Goshawk, Tachyspiza haplochroa ?Fiji Goshawk, Tachyspiza rufitorques Frances’s Sparrowhawk, Tachyspiza francesiae ?Slaty-mantled Goshawk, Tachyspiza
    [Show full text]