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The Silk Roads: an ICOMOS Thematic Study
The Silk Roads: an ICOMOS Thematic Study by Tim Williams on behalf of ICOMOS 2014 The Silk Roads An ICOMOS Thematic Study by Tim Williams on behalf of ICOMOS 2014 International Council of Monuments and Sites 11 rue du Séminaire de Conflans 94220 Charenton-le-Pont FRANCE ISBN 978-2-918086-12-3 © ICOMOS All rights reserved Contents STATES PARTIES COVERED BY THIS STUDY ......................................................................... X ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ..................................................................................................... XI 1 CONTEXT FOR THIS THEMATIC STUDY ........................................................................ 1 1.1 The purpose of the study ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background to this study ......................................................................................................... 2 1.2.1 Global Strategy ................................................................................................................................ 2 1.2.2 Cultural routes ................................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.3 Serial transnational World Heritage nominations of the Silk Roads .................................................. 3 1.2.4 Ittingen expert meeting 2010 ........................................................................................................... 3 2 THE SILK ROADS: BACKGROUND, DEFINITIONS -
Day 1: Flight from Your Home Country to Tehran Capital of IRAN
Day 1: Flight from your home country to Tehran capital of IRAN We prepare ourselves for a fabulous trip to Great Persia. Arrival to Tehran, after custom formality, meet and assist at airport and transfer to the Hotel. Day 2: Tehran After breakfast in hotel, we prepare to start for city sightseeing, visit Niyavaran Palace,Lunch in a local restaurant during the visit .In the afternoon visit Bazaar Tajrish and Imamzadeh Saleh mausoleu. The NiavaranComplex is a historical complex situated in Shemiran, Tehran (Greater Tehran), Iran. It consists of several buildings and monuments built in the Qajar and Pahlavi eras. The complex traces its origin to a garden in Niavaran region, which was used as a summer residence by Fath-Ali Shah of the Qajar Dynasty. A pavilion was built in the garden by the order of Naser ed Din Shah of the same dynasty, which was originally referred to as Niavaran House, and was later renamed Saheb Qaranie House. The pavilion of Ahmad Shah Qajarwas built in the late Qajar period.During the reign of the Pahlavi Dynasty, a modern built mansion named Niavaran House was built for the imperial family of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. All of the peripheral buildings of the Saheb Qaranie House, with the exception of the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion, were demolished, and the buildings and structures of the present-day complex were built to the north of the Saheb Qaranie House. In the Pahlavi period, the Ahmad Shahi Pavilion served as an exhibition area for the presents from world eaders to the Iranian monarchs. Im?mz?deh S?leh is one of many Im?mzadeh mosques in Iran. -
Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nineteenth-Century Iran
publications on the near east publications on the near east Poetry’s Voice, Society’s Song: Ottoman Lyric The Transformation of Islamic Art during Poetry by Walter G. Andrews the Sunni Revival by Yasser Tabbaa The Remaking of Istanbul: Portrait of an Shiraz in the Age of Hafez: The Glory of Ottoman City in the Nineteenth Century a Medieval Persian City by John Limbert by Zeynep Çelik The Martyrs of Karbala: Shi‘i Symbols The Tragedy of Sohráb and Rostám from and Rituals in Modern Iran the Persian National Epic, the Shahname by Kamran Scot Aghaie of Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi, translated by Ottoman Lyric Poetry: An Anthology, Jerome W. Clinton Expanded Edition, edited and translated The Jews in Modern Egypt, 1914–1952 by Walter G. Andrews, Najaat Black, and by Gudrun Krämer Mehmet Kalpaklı Izmir and the Levantine World, 1550–1650 Party Building in the Modern Middle East: by Daniel Goffman The Origins of Competitive and Coercive Rule by Michele Penner Angrist Medieval Agriculture and Islamic Science: The Almanac of a Yemeni Sultan Everyday Life and Consumer Culture by Daniel Martin Varisco in Eighteenth-Century Damascus by James Grehan Rethinking Modernity and National Identity in Turkey, edited by Sibel Bozdog˘an and The City’s Pleasures: Istanbul in the Eigh- Res¸at Kasaba teenth Century by Shirine Hamadeh Slavery and Abolition in the Ottoman Middle Reading Orientalism: Said and the Unsaid East by Ehud R. Toledano by Daniel Martin Varisco Britons in the Ottoman Empire, 1642–1660 The Merchant Houses of Mocha: Trade by Daniel Goffman and Architecture in an Indian Ocean Port by Nancy Um Popular Preaching and Religious Authority in the Medieval Islamic Near East Tribes and Empire on the Margins of Nine- by Jonathan P. -
Taste of Paradise, 27 April to 04 May 2019, Iran
1 Taste of Paradise, 27 April to 04 May 2019, Iran th 4 CLAT 2019: Taste Paradise Cultural Landscape Association Workshop & Tour 27 April to 04 May 2019, Iran Until now, 22 Iranian sites have been inscribed on UNESCO’s World Heritage List. Iran’s Persian Garden is one of the sites inscribed on UNESCO’s List in 2011. The property includes nine gardens in as many provinces. They exemplify the diversity of Persian garden designs that evolved and adapted to different climate conditions while retaining principles that have their roots in the times of Cyrus the Great, 6th century BC. Always divided into four sectors, with water playing an important role for both irrigation and ornamentation, the Persian garden was conceived to symbolize Eden and the four Zoroastrian elements of sky, earth, water and plants. These gardens, dating back to different periods since the 6th century BC, also feature buildings, pavilions and walls, as well as sophisticated irrigation systems. They have influenced the art of garden design as far as India and Spain. Persian Garden is a well-known garden style in the world. Besides overcoming the environmental restraints, creators of Persian Gardens have also manifested cultures and beliefs of people living in this land in their work; and that’s the reason orientalists have known Persian Garden a symbol of “Promised Paradise”. Persian Garden is in a great harmony with its natural and cultural surroundings and cannot be identified segregated from Iran’s characteristics and peoples’ culture and belief. Cultural Landscape Association (CLA) is planning to organize a specialized tour and workshop called “Taste Paradise” in an international level for the experts, in order to get a better global recognition for Persian Garden and the elite to know it further. -
Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region”
Islamic Republic of Iran Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization ICHHTO “Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region” for inscription on the World Heritage List (Additional Information) UNESCO World Heritage Convention 2017 1 In the name of God 2 Evaluation of the nomination of the “Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region” (Islamic Republic of Iran) for inscription on the World Heritage List This report is submitted in response to the ICOMOS letter of GB/AS/1568-AddInf-1, dated 28September 2017 on the additional information for the nomination of Sassanid Archaeological Landscape of Fars Region. The Iranian Cultural Heritage, Handicrafts and Tourism Organization is grateful to ICOMOS for its devotion to conservation and preservation of historic monuments and sites. The objective of this detailed report is to clarify the issues raised by ICOMOS in the aforementioned letter. Additional information for clarification on: - Serial approach - Risks and Factors affecting the property - Protection - Management - Monitoring 1- Serial approach Could the State Party kindly provide information on the rationale, methodology and criteria (here not referring to the nomination criteria), which guided the selection of the component sites presented in this nomination? Could the State Party kindly outline the contribution of each site component, to the overall Outstanding Universal Value in the substantial, scientific and discernible way, as outlined in paragraph 137b of the Operational Guidelines? For clarifying, the question will be explained in the parts of (1-a) and (1-b) in details: 1-a: Rationale, methodology and criteria which guided the selection of the component sites presented in this nomination: The rationale which guided the selection of the component sites is based on a methodology which takes into account their historical characteristics and at the same time considers their association with the regional landscape. -
Achaemenid Empire/ (Persia) BY: HOZAN LATIF RAUF General Architectural Features
Achaemenid Empire/ (Persia) BY: HOZAN LATIF RAUF General Architectural features ▪ The architecture of Persians was more columnar and that led to vastly different massive architectural features from that of the Mesopotamian era. ▪ The use of flat timber roofs rather than vaults led to more slender columns and were rather more beautiful. This also led to rooms being squarer in shape than simple long rectangle. ▪ The roofing system was also very different, wherein the wooden brackets were covered in clay and provided more stability. The use of a double mud wall might have provided room for windows just below ceiling in structures like Palace of Persepolis. VOCABULARY WORDS ▪ The COLUMN is divided into three parts: ▪ The BASE ▪ The SHAFT- FLUTED ▪ The CAPITAL- Double Animal most with bulls Ancient Susa/Shush The city of SUSA was the Persian capital in succession to Babylon, where there is a building with a citadel complex. There was a good skill set of artisans and laborers available which made the palace complex more of a piece of art than just a building structure. Cedar wood was got from Lebanon and teak from the mountain of Zagros. The baked bricks were still made in the Babylonian method. Ancient Susa/Shush Ancient Persepolis PERSEPOLIS ▪ 518 BCE ▪ King Darius utilized influences and materials from all over his empire, which included Babylon, Egypt, Mesopotamian and Greece Architectural Plan of Ancient Persepolis The Great/Apadana Staircase ▪ King Xerxes (486-465 BC) built the Grand Staircase and the Gate of All Nations. ▪ The Grand Staircase is located on the northeast side of the city and these stairs were carved from massive blocks of stone. -
The Location Optimization of Wind Turbine Sites with Using the MCDM Approach: a Case Study
Energy Equip. Sys./ Vol. 5/No.2/ June 2017/165-187 Energy Equipment and Systems http://energyequipsys.ut.ac.ir www.energyequipsys.com The location optimization of wind turbine sites with using the MCDM approach: A case study Author ABSTRACT a* Mostafa Rezaei-Shouroki The many advantages of renewable energies—especially wind—such as abundance, permanence, and lack of pollution, have encouraged a Industrial Engineering Department, many industrialized and developing countries to focus more on these Yazd University, Yazd, Iran clean sources of energy. The purpose of this study is to prioritize and rank 13 cities of the Fars province in Iran in terms of their suitability for the construction of a wind farm. Six important criteria are used to prioritize and rank these cities. Among these, wind power density— the most important criterion—was calculated by obtaining the three- hourly wind speed data at the height of 10 m above ground level related to the time period between 2004 and 2013 and then extrapolating these data to acquire wind speed related to the height of 40 m. The Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method was used for prioritizing and ranking the cities, after which Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Article history: Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS) methods were used to assess the validity of the results. According to the results obtained from these Received : 20 September 2016 three methods, the city of Izadkhast is recommended as the best Accepted : 5 February 2017 location for the construction of a wind farm. Keywords: Wind Farm; Prioritizing; Optimization; Fars Province; Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). -
Composition and Continuity in Sasanian Rock Reliefs
0320-07_Iran_Antiq_43_12_Thompson 09-01-2008 15:04 Pagina 299 Iranica Antiqua, vol. XLIII, 2008 doi: 10.2143/IA.43.0.2024052 COMPOSITION AND CONTINUITY IN SASANIAN ROCK RELIEFS BY Emma THOMPSON (University of Sydney, Australia) Abstract: The cliffs of Iran are adorned with rock reliefs from every period of its long history. During the years that the Sasanian dynasty ruled Iran, artists added to this collection considerably. These monuments are individual capsules of infor- mation on the general political, religious, historical and artistic milieu of the time. This paper presents a method for furthering our understanding of the Sasanian period through an analysis of the composition of each Sasanian relief. The analy- sis is based on the hypothesis that composition will serve as an indicator of artis- tic continuity and change and encode an artistic signature of sorts indicating the artists’ background and training. The initial results suggest that the reliefs of the early Sasanian period reflect the work of artists from at least two schools of art. Keywords: Sasanian, rock reliefs, composition. The kings of the Sasanian dynasty ruled Iran for over four hundred years. During the first eighty-five years of the dynasty (AD 224-309) there were seven changes of crown, many military gains and losses and thirty rock carvings were commissioned to commemorate these events. Most of these were carved in Fars, the homeland of the dynasty: eight were carved in the company of the Achaemenid tombs at Naqsh-i Rustam; six line the way to Shapur’s city at Bishapur; four were carved in the open air grotto at Naqsh- i Radjab; two were carved near Ardashir’s first city at Firuzabad and the rest were carved as single reliefs at various locations across the province of Fars: Barm-i Dilak, Sar Mashhad, Sarab-i Bahram, Guyum, Rayy, Darab- gird, and Tang-i Qandil. -
The Effect of Transdiagnostic Treatment on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
July 2016, Volume 4, Number 3 The Effect of Transdiagnostic Treatment on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder CrossMark Alireza Mohseni-Ezhiyeh1*, Mokhtar Malekpour1, Amir Ghamarani1 1. Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran. Citation: Mohseni-Ezhiyeh, A. R., Malekpour, M., & Ghamarani, A. (2016). The Effect of Transdiagnostic Treatment on Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of Practice in Clinical Psychology, 4(3), 199-206. http://dx.crossref.org/10.15412/J.JPCP.06040308 : http://dx.crossref.org/10.15412/J.JPCP.06040308 Article info: A B S T R A C T Received: 26 Dec. 2015 Accepted: 02 Apr. 2016 Objective: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of transdiagnostic treatments on worry and rumination of mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Methods: The study population included all mothers of children with ASD in Isfahan City. Among mothers of children with ASD, 40 individuals were selected from those who obtained the highest scores in worry and rumination (At least one SD higher than the mean scores of the group) and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. To collect data, the Rumination Response Scale (RRS) and Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) were used. The data were analyzed through multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) using SPSS-21. Keywords: Results: The results indicated that the transdiagnostic treatment is effective on the rumination (F=26.91, df=1 and 36, P<0.001) and worry (F=10.86, df=1 and 36, P<0.002). -
Gardens of Mahan and Shiraz
J. Appl. Environ. Biol. Sci. , 5(5)96-104, 2015 ISSN: 2090-4274 © 2015, TextRoad Publication Journal of Applied Environmental and Biological Sciences www.textroad.com Recognition and Reinterpretation of Persian Gardens from Sustainable view Case Studies: Gardens of Mahan and Shiraz Seyed Majid Moidi 2 ,1٭Honey Fadaie 1Ph.D Candidate, Department of Art and Architecture, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran. 2Assisstant Professor, School of Architecture and Urban Studies, University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran Received: December 2, 2014 Accepted: March 29, 2015 ABSTRACT Effects of neglecting climatic and sustainable patterns in green urban spaces are intense in arid regions, while sustainability is observed in many elements of traditional Iranian landscape architecture and describe how these methods of design have responded to climate problems over many millennia. For that reason, the analysis of sustainable parameters in traditional landscape of Iran such as, Persian gardens is very important to the present and future of Iranian cities. This paper is a comparative study on the sustainable parameters of two Persian gardens located on the arid central plateau of Iran. The recognition and reinterpretation of Persian garden design can be an appropriate solution for landscape architects to create sustainable green spaces in modern cities. The main objective of this research is to find the parameters and principles of sustainability in Persian garden as sustainable landscape heritage. The selected case studies of this paper are two historical gardens, located in two different microclimatic areas in arid regions of Iran. By analyzing the sustainable and climatic features of the selected case studies, Shazde Garden in Mahan and Eram Garden in Shiraz, this paper identifies ways to create green space for sustainable landscaping in similar climates. -
Sasanian Bas-Reliefs at Tang-E Chogan Under Invasion of Lichens and Fungi
81 I RAN Sasanian Bas-reliefs at Tang-e Chogan under Invasion of Lichens and Fungi At several places near the town of Bishapur, which was founded by Sasanian King Shapur I (241–272) and was situated on the road between Persis and Elam, the King also had the sides of the Bishapur River gorge decorated with huge historical reliefs commemorating his triple triumph over Rome. The six reliefs at Tang-e Chogan show scenes such as Shapur enslaving the Roman Emperor; the King and his courtiers; or rows of registers with files of soldiers and horses, in a deliberate imitation of the narra- tive scenes on the Trajan column in Rome. The critical situation of these bas-reliefs is described in an arti- cle by CAIS (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies): Lichens and vegetation growing in the cavities and cracks of the Sasanian bas-reliefs at Tang-e Chogan, a part of the ruins of the ancient city of Bishapur in southwestern Iran, are gradually Sasanian bas-reliefs at Tang-e Chogan (photo: Pedram Veisi) destroying these irreplaceable antiquities. The lichens and veg- etation are clearly visible on all six bas-reliefs, which are located 19 kilometres north of Kazerun, reported the Persian service of site historical monuments in Fars Province, has made no efforts the Mehr News Agency. One of the bas-reliefs depicts Shapur I, to save the ancient relics from the lichens and vegetation attacks. the Persian King of Kings who consolidated and expanded the The ancient city of Bishapur is also in peril by several other fourth Iranian dynastic empire founded by his father, Ardashir I. -
Analyzing Livability in the Distressed Areas of Isfahan City with an Emphasis on City Development Strategy
To cite this document: Akbari, N., Moayedfar, R., & Mirzaie Khondabi, F. (2018). Analyzing Livability in the Distressed Areas of Isfahan City with an Emphasis on City Development Strategy. Urban Economics and Management, 6(1(21)), 37-54 www.iueam.ir Indexed in: ISC, EconLit, Econbiz, SID, RICeST, Magiran, Civilica, Google Scholar, Noormags, Ensani. ISSN: 2345-2870 Analyzing Livability in the Distressed Areas of Isfahan City with an Emphasis on City Development Strategy Nematollah Akbari Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Rozita Moayedfar Department of Economics, Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Farzaneh Mirzaie Khondabi* Faculty of Administrative Science and Economics, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Received: 2017/06/11 Accepted: 2017/09/09 Abstract: Adoption of inefficient policies in the field of distressed areas and low quality of livability, there is the need for new approaches in preparing and implementing renovation and improvement plans; so, city development strategy can be an appropriate plan to replace current plans. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the livability of distressed areas in Isfahan city as one of the elements of urban development strategy to use the approach in renovation and improvement. Moreover, its innovation is in addressing livability situation of independent distressed areas of the city to provide urban development strategy plan. The research method is descriptive-analytical and regarding the purpose, the study is applied. The data were collected using questionnaires. They were distributed and filled out in August and September of 2015. In this research, SPSS, EXCEL and Arc Gis software were used.