DOCSLIB.ORG

Messinian Paleoenvironmental Changes in the Easternmost Mediterranean Basin: Adana Basin, Southern Turkey

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Messinian Paleoenvironmental Changes in the Easternmost Mediterranean Basin: Adana Basin, Southern Turkey Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci (2013) 22: 839-863 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/yer-1205-11 Messinian paleoenvironmental changes in the easternmost Mediterranean Basin: Adana Basin, southern Turkey 1 1,2 1,2 1 3 Costanza FARANDA , Elsa GLIOZZI , Paola CIPOLLARI , Francesco GROSSI , Güldemin DARBAŞ , 4 4 5 1,2, Kemal GÜRBÜZ , Atike NAZİK , Rocco GENNARI , Domenico COSENTINO * 1 Department of Geological Sciences, Faculty of Mathematical, Physical, and Natural Sciences, Roma Tre University, Rome, Italy 2 Institute of Environmental Geology and Geoengineering, IGAG-CNR, Rome, Italy 3 Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey 4 Department of Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Çukurova University, Adana, Turkey 5 Department of Earth Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics, and Natural Science, University of Parma, Parma, Italy Received: 01.06.2012 Accepted: 28.01.2013 Published Online: 26.08.2013 Printed: 25.09.2013 Abstract: We present detailed Messinian paleoenvironmental reconstructions for the Adana Basin based on a multidisciplinary approach that utilizes the fossil content of the Kuzgun and Handere Formations. To reconstruct the paleoenvironmental changes that affected the Adana Basin during the Messinian, we analyzed mollusk, ostracod, planktonic and benthonic foraminifer, and calcareous nannofossil assemblages from 2 stratigraphic sections near Kabasakal village (Adana, southern Turkey). To determine if the environmental changes recognized in the Adana Basin are local or regional, and to understand the extent to which the global changes in oceanic circulation impacted the Mediterranean sedimentary basins, we compare our results with Messinian sections from other locations in the Mediterranean region (northern Italy, southern Italy, Cyprus, Algeria, and southern Turkey). The occurrence of N. humerosa, G. bulloides, G. woodi, N. acostaensis, N. atlantica (planktonic forams), S. multiflora, T. rugosa, P. elongata, C. scitula, L. lipadusensis (ostracods), R. rotaria, A. primus, and A. delicatus (calcareous nannofossils) allows us to constrain the uppermost part of the Kuzgun Formation to the early Messinian. The ostracod assemblages indicate an enclosed marine environment characterized by sporadic local freshwater inputs that decreased the salinity of the basin. In contrast, in the late Messinian Handere Formation, the presence of Paratethyan ostracods pertaining to the Loxoconcha mülleri zone and to the Loxocorniculina djafarovi zone in the Handere Formation indicates the occurrence of the Messinian brackish water Lago-Mare event in the Adana Basin, which occurred throughout the Mediterranean between 5.60 and 5.33 Ma. Key Words: Adana Basin, Messinian, paleontology, paleoenvironmental reconstruction, eastern Mediterranean, southern Turkey 1. Introduction in the Adana Basin occurred in the Early Miocene The Adana Basin (Figure 1), which developed during the with deposition of shallow marine clastic sediments Neogene in the easternmost part of the Mediterranean (Aquitanian-Burdigalian, Kaplankaya Formation) on top region, experienced all the main paleoceanographic of Oligocene-Lower Miocene continental sediments. At changes that affected the area during convergence of the the Middle Miocene/Late Miocene transition, the Adana African and Arabian plates with Eurasia (Şengör & Yılmaz Basin recorded a regressive event with the deposition of 1981). The local effects of these regional tectonics, coupled lower Tortonian terrestrial red beds (Kuzgun Formation), with eustatic variations of sea level in the Mediterranean, likely as a result of the uplift of the Bitlis-Zagros collision induced several transgressive/regressive cycles in the Adana zone (Okay et al. 2010) coupled with a major sea-level drop Basin that caused changes from marine to continental at the end of the Serravallian, which coincides with the deposition (Schmidt 1961; Yalçın & Görür 1983; Yetiş & Mi-5 isotope event and the deep-sea hiatus NH4 (Hilgen Demirkol 1986; Ünlügenç & Demirkol 1988; Yetiş 1988; et al. 2005). According to Cipollari et al. (2013) this hiatus Ünlügenç et al. 1991; Nazik & Gürbüz 1992; Gürbüz & could be also present in some places beneath the Başyayla Kelling 1993; Ünlügenç 1993; Williams et al. 1995; Yetiş et section (Mut-Ermenek Basin, southern Turkey; Cosentino al. 1995; Cronin et al. 2000). The first marine transgression et al. 2012b). The uplift of the Bitlis-Zagros collision zone * Correspondence: [email protected] 839 FARANDA et al. / Turkish J Earth Sci a EUROPE Moncucco 45°N Fanantello Legnagnone Cava Serred Maccarone Black Sea Maella Mondragone 40°N ODP 974 Sorbas Torrente Vaccarzzo Malaga Njar ODP 975 Maranopol Anatola Western Medterranean Serra Prcata Sarıalan Chelf Falconara Adana Chabet Bou Seter Gblscem 35°N Crete Tochn DSDP 375-376 Eastern Medterranean ODP 968 Pssour ODP 969 ODP 967 30°N 0 1000 km AFRICA 0°E 10°E 20°E 30°E 37° 18' 29" N 37° 18' 26" N E Black Sea E 17" İstanbul b Ankara 37" 01' STUDY AREA 35° Adana 35°28' 200 km Çatalan Medterranean Sea KarasalıAlluvum (Holocene-Recent) Calche and Terrace (Upper Plestocene) Avadan Fm (Lower Zanclean) Handere Fm (Uppermost Messnan) Kuzgun Fm wth the Tortonan Salbaş tu (Serravallan p.p.- Messnan p.p.) Güvenç Fm (Burdgalan p.p.- Serravallan p.p.) Cngöz Fm (Burdgalan p.p.) Salbaş Serravallan p.p.) Kaplankaya Fm (Burdgalan p.p.- Langhan p.p.) Karasalı Fm Seyhan (Aqutanan p.p.- dam Tortonan p.p.) E Gldrl Fm E (Aqutanan p.p.) 17" 44" Basement rocks 01' (pre-Olgocene) Fgure 2 ADANA 0 4 km 35°28' 35° 36° 59' 58" N 36° 59' 53" N Figure 1. (a) Location map of the stratigraphic sections discussed in the paper. (b) Geological map of the Adana Basin, with the location of Figure 2 [modified after Yetiş & Dermikol (1986), Unlügenç (1993), and Yetiş et al. (1995)]. cut the Mediterranean off from the Indian Ocean (Şengör A younger paleoceanographic change affected the et al. 1985; Hüsing et al. 2009; Okay et al. 2010), which Mediterranean Basin in connection with the progressive caused abrupt changes in the paleoceanography of the closure of the Gibraltar gateway, which gave rise to the Mediterranean area. Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) (e.g., Hsü et al. 1973; Ryan 840 FARANDA et al. / Turkish J Earth Sci 2009 and references therein) and the deposition of thick of the region. We compare our reconstructions of the evaporite deposits (mainly gypsum and halite) throughout Messinian paleoenvironmental changes in the Adana the Mediterranean, as far as its easternmost margins (e.g., Basin with other Messinian sections from different parts Adana Basin; Yalçın & Görür 1984). of the Mediterranean area to verify how local or regional Despite the fact that the MSC has been studied since the the environmental changes were in the Adana Basin and 1970s, its causes as well as the mechanisms that controlled to understand the extent to which the global changes in the different MSC stages are still matters of debate. oceanic circulation impacted the sedimentary basins in Cyclostratigraphy and astrochronology helped in defining the Mediterranean realm. a precise temporal evolution of the crisis, especially for its onset and for evaluating the ~90 k.y. Messinian 2. Geological setting gap (Krijgsman et al. 1999; Hilgen et al. 2007), which 2.1. Stratigraphy of the Adana Basin corresponds to the Messinian Erosional Surface (MES) The Adana Basin is located on the southeast margin of the that separates the 2 main steps of the MSC (i.e. Lower and Anatolian Peninsula and represents the onshore portion Upper Evaporites). Recently, using both cyclostratigraphy of the Adana-Cilicia Basin (Aksu et al. 2005), a subsiding and high-precision CA-TIMS U-Pb geochronology on region at the southern margin of the Central Anatolian single zircon grains, the Messinian gap was refined to at Plateau (Figure 1). According to Robertson (1998), the most 28 or 58 ± 9.6 k.y. (Cosentino et al. 2013). Adana-Cilicia Basin developed in a region of extensional Over the last decade, several models of the tectonics caused by the southward retreat of the African major paleoenvironmental changes that affected the slab. The Adana Basin developed on Tauride basement Mediterranean Basin during the MSC have been created rocks mainly in Neogene times and records the main by means of water budget variations (Meijer & Krijgsman tectonosedimentary events related to the interplay of the 2005; Blanc 2006; Topper et al. 2011). At the same time, the African plate with the Arabian and Anatolian microplates. scientific community that has been working on the MSC The base of the Adana Basin succession consists of reached a general consensus on a model for distinguishing Oligocene-Lower Miocene fluvial red beds and lacustrine the different steps of the crisis and the consequent late deposits (Karsantı intramontane basin deposits and Messinian paleoenvironmental changes (CIESM 2008). Gildirli Formation; Schmidt 1961; Görür 1979; Yetiş Some of the major depositional events connected 1988; Ünlügenç et al. 1991, 1993; Gürbüz & Kelling with the MSC in the Mediterranean Basin were recently 1993; Yetiş et al. 1995), which lie unconformably on the recognized in Messinian deposits of the Adana Basin Tauride basement rocks. The shallow marine Kaplankaya (Handere Formation) by Cosentino et al. (2010a, 2010b) Formation (Aquitanian-Burdigalian) records the first and Cipollari et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Summary of the Paleontology of the Santa Fe Group (Mio-Pliocene), North-Central New Mexico Barry S
    New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/30 Summary of the paleontology of the Santa Fe Group (Mio-Pliocene), north-central New Mexico Barry S. Kues and Spencer G. Lucas, 1979, pp. 237-241 in: Santa Fe Country, Ingersoll, R. V. ; Woodward, L. A.; James, H. L.; [eds.], New Mexico Geological Society 30th Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 310 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1979 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States.
    [Show full text]
  • Chronology, Causes and Progression of the Messinian Salinity Crisis
    letters to nature the cause, and the effects, of the isolation of the Mediterranean; the two basic explanations are (1) a large glacio-eustatic sea-level drop, Chronology, causes and related to expanding polar ice volume6, and (2) orogenic uplift accompanied by gravity-driven sliding of large nappe complexes in progression of the the Gibraltar arc7. Until now, correlations of stable-isotope (d18O and d13C) records from open-ocean sequences to the Messinian Messinian salinity crisis event stratigraphy of the Mediterranean have been ambiguous because of the absence of a reliable time frame for the MSC. The W. Krijgsman*, F. J. Hilgen², I. Raf®³, F. J. Sierro§ establishment of astronomical polarity timescales for the past & D. S. Wilsonk 10 Myr (refs 3, 11) provided a signi®cant advance in dating the * Paleomagnetic Laboratory ``Fort Hoofddijk'', Utrecht University, geological record and promised a solution for the MSC controver- Budapestlaan 17, 3584 CD Utrecht, The Netherlands sies. Unfortunately, the Mediterranean-based astronomical polarity ² Department of Geology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, timescale showed a gap during much of the Messinian (6.7±5.3 Myr The Netherlands ago)3, related to the presence of less-favourable sediments and the ³ Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, UniversitaÁ ``G. D'Annunzio'', notoriously complex geological history of the Mediterranean in Campus Universitario, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013 Chieti Scalo, Italy this time interval. However, the classic Messinian sediments § Department de
    [Show full text]
  • 46.2 Comparison Between Formations Drilled
    Le Pichon, X., Pautot, G., Auzende, J. M, and Olivet, J. L., Ryan, W. F. B., Hsü, K. J., et al., 1973. Initial Reports of the 1971. La Méditerranée occidentale depuis 1'Oligocène. Deep Sea Drilling Project, Volume 13: Washington (U. S. Schema d'evolution: Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., v. 13, p. 145- Government Printing Office). 152. Stoeckinger, W. T., 1976. Valencia Gulf. Offer Deadline Mauffret, A., 1976. Etude géodyamique de la marge des iles nears: Oil Gas J., March, p. 197-204; April, p. 181-183. Baléares. 46.2. COMPARISON BETWEEN FORMATIONS DRILLED AT DSDP SITE 372 IN THE WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN AND EXPOSED SERIES OF LAND G. Bizon and J. J. Bizon, Bureau d'Etudes Industrielles et Cooperation de 1'Institute Français du Pétrole, 92500 Rueil Malmaison, France and B. Biju-Duval, Institut Français du Pétrole, 92500 Rueill-Malmaison ABSTRACT Formations penetrated at Site 372 are compared with series cropping out on land in the Balearic Islands, Southern Spain, and Sardinia. The comparison is extended to wells drilled in the Gulf of Lion. The margin at Menorca and the North Balearic Provencal Basin appear to be at least of Burdigalian age. The entire Miocene is undisturbed at Site 372 in contrast to Mallorca and continental Spain where important tectonic events occurred during middle and upper Miocene. INTRODUCTION By comparing these rocks with those of Mallorca, Bourrouilh considered the age of tectonism to be Because DSDP Site 372 is located only 40 km from middle Miocene. This conclusion is questionable con- the Balearic Islands, it is logical to compare the series sidering that at Site 372 the entire Miocene is undis- penetrated at the site with land equivalents, particu- turbed.
    [Show full text]
  • Neogene Stratigraphy of the Langenboom Locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands)
    Netherlands Journal of Geosciences — Geologie en Mijnbouw | 87 - 2 | 165 - 180 | 2008 Neogene stratigraphy of the Langenboom locality (Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands) E. Wijnker1'*, T.J. Bor2, F.P. Wesselingh3, D.K. Munsterman4, H. Brinkhiris5, A.W. Burger6, H.B. Vonhof7, K. Post8, K. Hoedemakers9, A.C. Janse10 & N. Taverne11 1 Laboratory of Genetics, Wageningen University, Arboretumlaan 4, 6703 BD Wageningen, the Netherlands. 2 Prinsenweer 54, 3363 JK Sliedrecht, the Netherlands. 3 Naturalis, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, the Netherlands. 4 TN0 B&0 - National Geological Survey, P.O. Box 80015, 3508 TA Utrecht, the Netherlands. 5 Palaeocecology, Inst. Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, Utrecht University, Budapestlaan 4, 3584 CD Utrecht, the Netherlands. 6 P. Soutmanlaan 18, 1701 MC Heerhugowaard, the Netherlands. 7 Faculty Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 EH Amsterdam, the Netherlands. 8 Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, P.O. Box 23452, 3001 KL Rotterdam, the Netherlands. 9 Minervastraat 23, B 2640 Mortsel, Belgium. 10 Gerard van Voornestraat 165, 3232 BE Brielle, the Netherlands. 11 Snipweg 14, 5451 VP Mill, the Netherlands. * corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Manuscript received: February 2007; accepted: March 2008 Abstract The locality of Langenboom (eastern Noord-Brabant, the Netherlands), also known as Mill, is famous for its Neogene molluscs, shark teeth, teleost remains, birds and marine mammals. The stratigraphic context of the fossils, which have been collected from sand suppletions, was hitherto poorly understood. Here we report on a section which has been sampled by divers in the adjacent flooded sandpit 'De Kuilen' from which the Langenboom sands have been extracted.
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix 3.Pdf
    A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin Item Type Thesis or dissertation Authors Nicholls, Keith H. Citation Nicholls, K. (2019). A Geoconservation perspective on the trace fossil record associated with the end – Ordovician mass extinction and glaciation in the Welsh Basin. (Doctoral dissertation). University of Chester, United Kingdom. Publisher University of Chester Rights Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International Download date 26/09/2021 02:37:15 Item License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10034/622234 International Chronostratigraphic Chart v2013/01 Erathem / Era System / Period Quaternary Neogene C e n o z o i c Paleogene Cretaceous M e s o z o i c Jurassic M e s o z o i c Jurassic Triassic Permian Carboniferous P a l Devonian e o z o i c P a l Devonian e o z o i c Silurian Ordovician s a n u a F y r Cambrian a n o i t u l o v E s ' i k s w o Ichnogeneric Diversity k p e 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 S 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 63 65 67 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 85 87 89 91 93 Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W) Ichnogeneric Diversity 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 n 23 r e 25 d 27 o 29 M 31 33 35 37 39 T 41 43 i 45 47 m 49 e 51 53 55 57 59 61 c i o 63 z 65 o e 67 a l 69 a 71 P 73 75 77 79 81 83 n 85 a i r 87 b 89 m 91 a 93 C Number of Ichnogenera (Treatise Part W)
    [Show full text]
  • The Stratigraphic Architecture and Evolution of the Burdigalian Carbonate—Siliciclastic Sedimentary Systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey
    The stratigraphic architecture and evolution of the Burdigalian carbonate—siliciclastic sedimentary systems of the Mut Basin, Turkey P. Bassanta,*, F.S.P. Van Buchema, A. Strasserb,N.Gfru¨rc aInstitut Franc¸ais du Pe´trole, Rueil-Malmaison, France bUniversity of Fribourg, Switzerland cIstanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey Received 17 February 2003; received in revised form 18 November 2003; accepted 21 January 2004 Abstract This study describes the coeval development of the depositional environments in three areas across the Mut Basin (Southern Turkey) throughout the Late Burdigalian (early Miocene). Antecedent topography and rapid high-amplitude sea-level change are the main controlling factors on stratigraphic architecture and sediment type. Stratigraphic evidence is observed for two high- amplitude (100–150 m) sea-level cycles in the Late Burdigalian to Langhian. These cycles are interpreted to be eustatic in nature and driven by the long-term 400-Ka orbital eccentricity-cycle-changing ice volumes in the nascent Antarctic icecap. We propose that the Mut Basin is an exemplary case study area for guiding lithostratigraphic predictions in early Miocene shallow- marine carbonate and mixed environments elsewhere in the world. The Late Burdigalian in the Mut Basin was a time of relative tectonic quiescence, during which a complex relict basin topography was flooded by a rapid marine transgression. This area was chosen for study because it presents extraordinary large- scale 3D outcrops and a large diversity of depositional environments throughout the basin. Three study transects were constructed by combining stratal geometries and facies observations into a high-resolution sequence stratigraphic framework. 3346 m of section were logged, 400 thin sections were studied, and 145 biostratigraphic samples were analysed for nannoplankton dates (Bassant, P., 1999.
    [Show full text]
  • Episodes 149 September 2009 Published by the International Union of Geological Sciences Vol.32, No.3
    Contents Episodes 149 September 2009 Published by the International Union of Geological Sciences Vol.32, No.3 Editorial 150 IUGS: 2008-2009 Status Report by Alberto Riccardi Articles 152 The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Middle Miocene) by F.J. Hilgen, H.A. Abels, S. Iaccarino, W. Krijgsman, I. Raffi, R. Sprovieri, E. Turco and W.J. Zachariasse 167 Using carbon, hydrogen and helium isotopes to unravel the origin of hydrocarbons in the Wujiaweizi area of the Songliao Basin, China by Zhijun Jin, Liuping Zhang, Yang Wang, Yongqiang Cui and Katherine Milla 177 Geoconservation of Springs in Poland by Maria Bascik, Wojciech Chelmicki and Jan Urban 186 Worldwide outlook of geology journals: Challenges in South America by Susana E. Damborenea 194 The 20th International Geological Congress, Mexico (1956) by Luis Felipe Mazadiego Martínez and Octavio Puche Riart English translation by John Stevenson Conference Reports 208 The Third and Final Workshop of IGCP-524: Continent-Island Arc Collisions: How Anomalous is the Macquarie Arc? 210 Pre-congress Meeting of the Fifth Conference of the African Association of Women in Geosciences entitled “Women and Geosciences for Peace”. 212 World Summit on Ancient Microfossils. 214 News from the Geological Society of Africa. Book Reviews 216 The Geology of India. 217 Reservoir Geomechanics. 218 Calendar Cover The Ras il Pellegrin section on Malta. The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) of the Serravallian Stage (Miocene) is now formally defined at the boundary between the more indurated yellowish limestones of the Globigerina Limestone Formation at the base of the section and the softer greyish marls and clays of the Blue Clay Formation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogenetic and Palaeographic Evolution of the Miogypsinid Larger Benthic Foraminifera
    The phylogenetic and palaeographic evolution of the miogypsinid larger benthic foraminifera MARCELLE K. BOUDAGHER-FADEL AND G. DAVID PRICE Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK Abstract One of the notable features of the Oligocene oceans was the appearance in Tethys of American lineages of larger benthic foraminifera, including the miogypsinids. They were reef-forming, and became very widespread and diverse, and so they play an important role in defining the Late Paleogene and Early Neogene biostratigraphy of the carbonates of the Mediterranean and the Indo-Pacific Tethyan sub-provinces. Until now, however, it has not been possible to develop an effective global view of the evolution of the miogypsinids, as the descriptions of specimens from Africa were rudimentary, and the stratigraphic ranges of genera of Tethyan forms appear to be highly dependent on palaeography. Here we present descriptions of new samples from offshore South Africa, and from outcrops in Corsica, Cyprus, Syria and Sumatra, which enable a systematic and biostratigraphic comparison of the miogypsinids from the Tethyan sub-provinces of the Mediterranean-West Africa and the Indo-Pacific, and for the first time from South Africa, which we show forms a distinct bio- province. The 116 specimens illustrated include 7 new species from the Far East, Neorotalia tethyana, Miogypsinella bornea, Miogypsina subiensis, M. niasiensis, M. regularia, M. samuelia, Miolepidocyclina banneri, 1 new species from Cyprus, Miogypsinella cyprea and 4 new species from South Africa, Miogypsina mcmillania, M. africana, M. ianmacmilliana, M. southernia. We infer that sea level, tectonic and climatic changes determined and constrained in turn the palaeogeographic distribution, evolution and eventual extinctions of the miogypsinid.
    [Show full text]
  • Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Cenozoic Basins in the Eastern External Betic Zone (SE Spain)
    geosciences Review Tectono-Sedimentary Evolution of the Cenozoic Basins in the Eastern External Betic Zone (SE Spain) Manuel Martín-Martín 1,* , Francesco Guerrera 2 and Mario Tramontana 3 1 Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Medio Ambiente, University of Alicante, 03080 Alicante, Spain 2 Formerly belonged to the Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra, della Vita e dell’Ambiente (DiSTeVA), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] 3 Dipartimento di Scienze Pure e Applicate (DiSPeA), Università degli Studi di Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 14 September 2020; Accepted: 28 September 2020; Published: 3 October 2020 Abstract: Four main unconformities (1–4) were recognized in the sedimentary record of the Cenozoic basins of the eastern External Betic Zone (SE, Spain). They are located at different stratigraphic levels, as follows: (1) Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary, even if this unconformity was also recorded at the early Paleocene (Murcia sector) and early Eocene (Alicante sector), (2) Eocene-Oligocene boundary, quite synchronous, in the whole considered area, (3) early Burdigalian, quite synchronous (recognized in the Murcia sector) and (4) Middle Tortonian (recognized in Murcia and Alicante sectors). These unconformities correspond to stratigraphic gaps of different temporal extensions and with different controls (tectonic or eustatic), which allowed recognizing minor sedimentary cycles in the Paleocene–Miocene time span. The Cenozoic marine sedimentation started over the oldest unconformity (i.e., the principal one), above the Mesozoic marine deposits. Paleocene-Eocene sedimentation shows numerous tectofacies (such as: turbidites, slumps, olistostromes, mega-olistostromes and pillow-beds) interpreted as related to an early, blind and deep-seated tectonic activity, acting in the more internal subdomains of the External Betic Zone as a result of the geodynamic processes related to the evolution of the westernmost branch of the Tethys.
    [Show full text]
  • S40645-019-0306-X.Pdf
    Isaji et al. Progress in Earth and Planetary Science (2019) 6:60 Progress in Earth and https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-019-0306-x Planetary Science RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Biomarker records and mineral compositions of the Messinian halite and K–Mg salts from Sicily Yuta Isaji1* , Toshihiro Yoshimura1, Junichiro Kuroda2, Yusuke Tamenori3, Francisco J. Jiménez-Espejo1,4, Stefano Lugli5, Vinicio Manzi6, Marco Roveri6, Hodaka Kawahata2 and Naohiko Ohkouchi1 Abstract The evaporites of the Realmonte salt mine (Sicily, Italy) are important archives recording the most extreme conditions of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC). However, geochemical approach on these evaporitic sequences is scarce and little is known on the response of the biological community to drastically elevating salinity. In the present work, we investigated the depositional environments and the biological community of the shale–anhydrite–halite triplets and the K–Mg salt layer deposited during the peak of the MSC. Both hopanes and steranes are detected in the shale–anhydrite–halite triplets, suggesting the presence of eukaryotes and bacteria throughout their deposition. The K–Mg salt layer is composed of primary halites, diagenetic leonite, and primary and/or secondary kainite, which are interpreted to have precipitated from density-stratified water column with the halite-precipitating brine at the surface and the brine- precipitating K–Mg salts at the bottom. The presence of hopanes and a trace amount of steranes implicates that eukaryotes and bacteria were able to survive in the surface halite-precipitating brine even during the most extreme condition of the MSC. Keywords: Messinian Salinity Crisis, Evaporites, Kainite, μ-XRF, Biomarker Introduction hypersaline condition between 5.60 and 5.55 Ma (Manzi The Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) is one of the most et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Article (PDF, 13515
    J. Micropalaeontology, 38, 189–229, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/jm-38-189-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Latest Oligocene to earliest Pliocene deep-sea benthic foraminifera from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Sites 752, 1168 and 1139, southern Indian Ocean Dana Ridha, Ian Boomer, and Kirsty M. Edgar Earth Sciences, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT, UK Correspondence: Ian Boomer ([email protected]) Received: 26 July 2019 – Revised: 1 November 2019 – Accepted: 11 November 2019 – Published: 16 December 2019 Abstract. Deep-sea benthic foraminifera provide important markers of environmental conditions in the deep- ocean basins where their assemblage composition and test chemistry are influenced by ambient physical and chemical conditions in bottom-water masses. However, all foraminiferal studies must be underpinned by robust taxonomic approaches. Although many parts of the world’s oceans have been examined, over a range of geolog- ical timescales, the Neogene benthic foraminifera from the southern Indian Ocean have only been recorded from a few isolated sites. In this study, we have examined 97 samples from Neogene sediments recovered from three ODP sites in the southern Indian Ocean (Sites 752, Broken Ridge; 1139, Kerguelan Plateau; 1168, west Tasma- nia). These data cover a range of palaeolatitudes and water depths during the Miocene. More than 200 species of benthic foraminifera were recorded at each site and, despite their geographic and bathymetric separation, the most abundant taxa were similar at all three sites. Many of these species range from late Oligocene to early Pliocene demonstrating relatively little faunal turnover of the most abundant taxa during the key palaeoclimatic shifts of the Miocene.
    [Show full text]
  • Messinian Or Pleistocene Valley Incision Within the Southern Alps Sascha Winterberg*, Vincenzo Picotti and Sean D
    Winterberg et al. Swiss J Geosci (2020) 113:7 https://doi.org/10.1186/s00015-020-00361-7 Swiss Journal of Geosciences ORIGINAL PAPER Open Access Messinian or Pleistocene valley incision within the Southern Alps Sascha Winterberg*, Vincenzo Picotti and Sean D. Willett Abstract Many of the valleys on the southern slope of the Alps are over-deepened, having bedrock valley foors well below sea level. This has typically been attributed to incision that occurred during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) when sea level dropped by hundreds of meters, leading to incision of many of the margins of the Mediterranean. We reassess this interpretation by documenting the correct elevation of the valley foor of the Adige river, one of the major val- leys draining the Southern Alps, and by estimating the vertical motion of that valley foor since the end of Messinian incision. We re-evaluated the bedrock incision in the Adige valley using existing borehole data and seismic profles. We estimate the vertical post-Messinian uplift using thermochronometric data that reveal the removed rock mass and then infer the expected isostatic uplift. These data are combined to reconstruct paleo-river gradients and to test viability of incision profles. We fnd that the erosive surfaces in the drill holes restore to a paleo-elevation well below estimates of the Messinian Salinity Crisis (MSC) sea level. Restored valley gradients are often reversed compared to todays river gradients, as the uplift correction is higher upstream. A Messinian age of the erosional unconformities within the Alps can therefore be excluded based on the current best estimates of Messinian Mediterranean sea level and post-Messinian rock uplift.
    [Show full text]